CN1181700A - 作为氧化氮合成酶抑制剂的巯基和硒基衍生物 - Google Patents
作为氧化氮合成酶抑制剂的巯基和硒基衍生物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1181700A CN1181700A CN96192791A CN96192791A CN1181700A CN 1181700 A CN1181700 A CN 1181700A CN 96192791 A CN96192791 A CN 96192791A CN 96192791 A CN96192791 A CN 96192791A CN 1181700 A CN1181700 A CN 1181700A
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- Prior art keywords
- alkylidene
- compositions
- alkenylene
- independently
- chemical compound
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于抑制哺乳动物中氧化氮合成酶的药物组合物,该组合物包含巯基或硒基衍生物以及药物学上可接受的载体。本发明还涉及抑制氧化氮合成酶、选择性抑制氧化氮合成酶之可诱导的异构重整体、以及治疗各种通过抑制氧化氮生物合成来治疗的病症的方法。该方法包括向哺乳动物给药纯物质形式的或在药物学上可接受的载体中的巯基或硒基衍生物的步骤。
Description
相关申请
本申请是于1995年3月24日递交的、题目为“作为氧化氮合成酶的巯基衍生物”的08/410,12申请的部分继续,上述申请的内容在此作为参考。发明背景
本发明涉及巯基和硒基衍生物作为氧化氮合成酶(NOS)的应用。
自由基氧化氮(NO)是通过一类被称为氧化氮合成酶(NOS)的酶从L-精氨酸的胍基合成而得的。脑异构重整体(isoform)(bNOS)结构性地存在于神经组织中,而且NO是通过激活各种(如NMDA型)受体作为神经递质而被释放的。在中枢神经系统中的NO在记忆的产生中起着重要的作用。
NO从NOS之结构性内皮异构重整体(ecNOS)中的连续释放使脉管系统保持在连续的有效血管舒张状态,并降低了血小板和多核性粒细胞(PMNs)对内皮表面的粘附。从ecNOS中释放的NO最开始时被描述为内皮衍生的松弛因子(EDRF)。EDRF在体内和体外的释放是由剪切应力和各种激素以及auctocoids如乙酰胆碱、缓激肽、P物质、加压素、去甲肾上腺素、组织胺或血小板激活因子等来刺激的。
NOS的可诱导异构重整体(iNOS)是在多种细胞类型中应答免疫刺激时被表达的,所述细胞包括巨噬细胞、血管平滑肌细胞和内皮细胞,并产生大量的NO(纳摩尔(nanomoles)的NO,而不是衍生自ecNOS和bNOS产生的皮摩尔(picomoles)NO)。局部浓度高的NO可起到抑制细胞和细胞毒性分子的作用,对抗霉菌、细菌、蠕虫和原虫抗原以及肿瘤细胞。多数的前炎性(pro-inflammatory)细胞因子和内毒素(细菌脂多糖,LPS)也在许多其他细胞中诱导iNOS的表达,所述细胞包括成纤细胞、神经胶质细胞、心肌细胞以及血管或非血管平滑肌细胞。
现有证据表明,iNOS在各种疾病的致病机理中起着重要的作用。各种病因学的循环性休克与体内的NO自身稳定的深层次变化有关。在内毒素休克的动物模型中,内毒素使NO由早期氧化氮合成酶的结构性异构重整体中急性释放,随后诱导iNOS。另外,现认为,过量NO的产生可能与许多疾病有关,这包括涉及系统性低血压如脓毒性(毒性)休克和用某些细胞因子治疗的疾病。因此,希望抑制氧化氮合成酶。再有,因为过度抑制结构性NOS酶的潜在严重后果,优选的是选择性抑制可诱导的异构重整体。结构性异构重整体的过度抑制可能导致高血压、血栓形成、中枢神经系统毒性和组织损伤。
在治疗使用中已有多种的氧化氮合成酶抑制剂。例如,已提议使用NG-甲基-L-精氨酸(L-NMA)和NG-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)。但是,它们在抑制结构性和可诱导的NOS异构重整体中一般是没有选择性的,抑制的程度相似。其他的建议用于治疗使用的NOS抑制剂包括异硫脲衍生物和氨基胍。在体外和体内测试中,异硫脲已显示出可抑制NOS的活性,而且显示出一些异硫脲类药物中的具体化合物对iNOS活性具有相对的选择性抑制作用(见,例如,Garry J.Southan等人,“Isothioureas:Potent Inhibitors of Nitric OxideSynthases with Variable Isoform Selectivity”,英国药学杂志(BritishJournal of Pharmacology),114卷,510-516页,1995;Csaba Szabo等人,“Beneficial Effects and Improved Survival in Rodent Models ofSeptic Shock with S-methylisothiourea Sulfate,a Potent and SelectiveInhibitor of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase”,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,91卷,12472-12476页,1994年12月;以及PCT申请No.WO94/12165)。还发现氨基胍在体内和体外模型中可选择性地抑制氧化氮合成酶的可诱导异构重整体(见,例如,Chin-Chen Wu等人,“Aminoguanidine Attenuates the Delayed Circulatory Failure andImproves Survical in Rodent Models of Endotoxic Shock”,英国药学杂志,113卷,001-007页,Paper No.78594(1995);以及欧洲专利申请0547558A1)。
虽然可证明上述讨论的氧化氮合成酶抑制剂具有治疗作用,鉴定其他可抑制氧化氮合成酶的化合物也是重要的。希望的是找到其他可选择性抑制NOS酶之可诱导异构重整体的化合物。因为过度氧化氮产生在许多不同的疾病如系统性低血压、脓毒性休克和细胞因子治疗中起着重要作用,所以找到可抑制、而且是选择性抑制氧化氮合成酶的其他化合物是极其重要的。特别是希望这些化合物具有较少的副作用,而对可诱导的氧化氮合成酶的抑制具有非常高的选择性。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种在哺乳动物中抑制氧化氮合成酶的药物组合物。该组合物包括巯基或硒基衍生物以及药物学上可接受的载体,其中巯基或硒基衍生物在组合物中的量足以抑制哺乳动物中的氧化氮合成酶。
本发明还涉及抑制哺乳动物中氧化氮合成酶的方法,该方法包括向哺乳动物给药纯物质形式的或者是在药物学上可接受的载体中的巯基或硒基衍生物的步骤。
R1是亚烷基或alkenylene时,R1可任选地连接在上述包含R1的通式中的脒基Ns、Z或X上,形成5-、6-或7-元杂环,其条件是,在R1连接于Z上时,Z是亚烷基或alkenylene或它们的取代衍生物,而在R1连接于X上时,X是CR5或N;
R2、R3、R′2和R′3相互独立地是H、低级烷基、链烯基、亚烷基、alkenylene、氨基、苯基或苯基亚烷基,或者是它们的取代衍生物;
R2或R′2为亚烷基或alkenylene时,R2或R′2任选地连接在位于邻近脒基C上的亚氨基N上,形成5-或6-元杂环;
Z和Z′相互独立地是亚烷基、alkenylene、环亚烷基或环alkenylene或者是它们的取代衍生物;
R2、R3、R′2和R′3是亚烷基或alkenylene时,R2、R3、R′2和R′3任选地连接在相邻的Z或Z′上,形成5-或6-元杂环,该杂环包括N、C、以及不超过一个的O或S原子,其条件是,所述杂环任选地为低级烷基、烷氧基、卤素、羟基或氨基所取代;
X是N、NR4、O、CR5或CR4R5;
X是N、NR′4、O、CR′5或CR′4R′5;
Y是S或Se;
R4和R′4独立地是H、烷基、硫代亚烷基或硫酯亚烷基;
R5和R′5独立地是H、烷基、亚烷基、alkenylene、硫代亚烷基、硫酯亚烷基、氨基或羧基;以及
如果R4或R′4是亚烷基、alkenylene、硫代亚烷基或硫酯亚烷基时,R4或R′4任选地连接在R2、R3、R′2或R′3上,形成5-或6-元杂环,该杂环包括N、C、以及不超过一个的O或S原子,其条件是,R2、R3、R′2或R′3独立地为亚烷基、alkenylene、氨基、苯基、苯基亚烷基或者是它们的取代衍生物,其中取代衍生物是低级烷基或卤素。
附图简要说明
图1是巯基乙基胍(MEG)、巯基丙基胍(MPG)、NG-甲基-L-精氨酸(L-NMA)和NG-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)对免疫刺激的J774巨噬细胞(N=3-6)产生亚硝酸盐的作用图;
图2是巯基乙基胍(MEG)、巯基丙基胍(MPG)、NG-甲基-L-精氨酸(L-NMA)和NG-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)对免疫刺激的血管平滑肌细胞(N=3-6)产生亚硝酸盐的作用图;
图3是巯基乙基胍(MEG)、巯基丙基胍(MPG)和NG-甲基-L-精氨酸(L-NMA)对免疫刺激的J774巨噬细胞(N=3-6)之细胞呼吸的作用图,100%代表的是在对照样品中的活性,即没有抑制剂;
图4是巯基乙基胍(MEG)对NO供体化合物SIN-1在含有10%胎牛血清的培养基中(N=3)产生亚硝酸盐的作用图;其中“C”代表对照样品中的活性,即没有抑制剂;
图5是巯基乙基胍(MEG)和NG-甲基-L-精氨酸(L-NMA)在麻醉大鼠中对平均动脉血压的作用图(N=3-5);
图6是巯基乙基胍(MEG)、NG-甲基-L-精氨酸(L-NMA)和NG-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)对得自于牛主动脉的内皮细胞均浆形成瓜氨酸的作用图;
图7是硒基乙基胍(SEG)、胍基乙基化二硫(GED)和NG-甲基-L-精氨酸(L-NMA)对免疫刺激的J774巨噬细胞(N=6)产生亚硝酸盐的作用图;
图8是硒基乙基胍(SEG)、胍基乙基化二硫(GED)和NG-甲基-L-精氨酸(L-NMA)对肺均浆中的iNOS活性(N=6)的作用图,所述肺均浆是由用细菌内毒素处理过的大鼠的肺制得的;
图9是是硒基乙基胍(SEG)、胍基乙基化二硫(GED)和NG-甲基-L-精氨酸(L-NMA)对ecNOS(N=6)的作用图,所述ecNOS是由新制牛主动脉的内皮刮擦物制得的;和
图10是2-氨基硒唑啉(ASZ)、硒基丙基胍(SPG)和硒基乙基胍(SEG)对免疫刺激的J774巨噬细胞(N=6)产生亚硝酸盐的作用图。
本发明详述
本发明涉及用于抑制哺乳动物中氧化氮合成酶的药物组合物。该组合物包括巯基或硒基衍生物以及药物学上可接受的载体,其中巯基或硒基衍生物在组合物中的量足以抑制哺乳动物中的氧化氮合成酶。本发明还涉及抑制哺乳动物中氧化氮合成酶的方法,该方法包括向哺乳动物给药纯物质形式的或者是在药物学上可接受的载体中的巯基或硒基衍生物的步骤。
用于本发明组合物或方法中的合适的巯基或硒基衍生物可根据以下文献中教授的合成方法来制备,所述文献如下:
(1)约瑟夫X.基姆(Joseph X.Khym)等人,“转胍基反应的离子交换研究,I.S,2-氨基乙基异硫脲向2-巯基乙基胍和2-氨基噻唑啉的重排”(Ion Exchange Studies of Transguanylation Reactions,I.Rearrangement of S,2-Aminoethylisothiourea to 2-Mercaptoethylguanidineand 2-Aminothiazoline”),美国化学协会杂志(Journal of the AmericanChemical Society),79卷,5663-5666页,1957年11月5日;
(2)戴维G.多赫迪等人(David G.Doherty),“氨基烷基异硫脲盐的合成以及它们向巯基烷基胍和噻唑啉的转化”(Synthesis ofAminoalkylisothiuronium Salts and their Conversion to Mercaptoalkylguanidines and Thiazolines),美国化学协会杂志,79卷,5667-5671页,1957年11月5日;
(3)约瑟夫X.基姆(Joseph X.Khym)等人,“转胍基反应的离子交换研究,II.3-氨基丙基异硫脲以及N-取代的氨基乙基-和氨基丙基异硫脲向巯基烷基胍和2-氨基噻唑啉或Penthiazolines的重排”(IonExchange Studies of Transguanylation Reactions,II.Rearrangement of 3-Aminopropylisothiourea and N-Substituted Aminoethyl-and Aminopropyl-isothioureas to Mercaptoalkylguanidines and 2-Aminothiazoline orPenthiazolines”),美国化学协会杂志,80卷,,3342-3349页,1958年7月5日;
(4)戴维G.多赫迪等人(David G.Doherty),“D-和L-2-氨基丁基异硫脲二氢溴酸异构体的合成以及它们向胍基硫醇、化二硫和噻唑啉的转化”(Synthesis of D-and L-2-AminobutylisothiureaDihydrobromide Isomers and their Conversion to Guanidothiols,Disulfides,and Thiazolines),有机化学杂志(Journal of Organic Chemistry),28卷,1339-1342页,1963年;
(5)朱石溪等人(Shih-Hsi Chu),“潜在的防辐射剂,II.2-氨基乙基异硫脲氢溴酸盐和相关化合物的硒类似物”(PotentialAntiradiation Agents.II.Selenium Analogs of 2-AminoethylisothiouroniumHydrobromide and Related Compounds),美国化学协会杂志,27卷,2899-2901页,1962年8月;
(6)日野达等人(Tohru Hino),“辐射保护剂,I.N-烷基-2-(2-氨基乙基)假硫脲和1,1-(二硫代亚乙基)二胍的研究”(Radiation-protective Agents.I.Studies on N-Alkylated-2-(2-aminoethyl)thiopseudoureas and 1,1-(Dithioethylene)diguanidines),化学及药学快讯(Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin),14卷,第11期,1193-1201页,1966年11月。
合适的巯基衍生物还可根据本发明详述部分尾部的实施例来制备。
R1是亚烷基或alkenylene时,R1可任选地连接在上述包含R1的通式中的脒基Ns、Z或X上,形成5-、6-或7-元杂环,其条件是,在R1连接于Z上时,Z是亚烷基或alkenylene或它们的取代衍生物,而在R1连接于X上时,X是CR5或N;
R2、R3、R′2和R′3相互独立地是H、低级烷基、链烯基、亚烷基、alkenylene、氨基、苯基或苯基亚烷基,或者是它们的取代衍生物;
R2或R′2为亚烷基或alkenylene时,R2或R′2任选地连接在位于邻近脒基C上的亚氨基N上,形成5-或6-元杂环;
Z和Z′相互独立地是亚烷基、alkenylene、环亚烷基或环alkenylene或者是它们的取代衍生物;
R2、R3、R′2和R′3是亚烷基或alkenylene时,R2、R3、R′2和R′3任选地连接在相邻的Z或Z′上,形成5-或6-元杂环,该杂环包括N、C、以及不超过一个的O或S原子,其条件是,所述杂环任选地为低级烷基、烷氧基、卤素、羟基或氨基所取代;
X是N、NR4、O、CR5或CR4R5;
X是N、NR′4、O、CR′5或CR′4R′5;
Y是S或Se;
R4和R′4独立地是H、烷基、硫代亚烷基或硫酯亚烷基;
R5和R′5独立地是H、烷基、亚烷基、alkenylene、硫代亚烷基、硫酯亚烷基、氨基或羧基;以及
如果R4或R′4是亚烷基、alkenylene、硫代亚烷基或硫酯亚烷基时,R4或R′4任选地连接在R2、R3、R′2或R′3上,形成5-或6-元杂环,该杂环包括N、C、以及不超过一个的O或S原子,其条件是,R2、R3、R′2或R′3独立地为亚烷基、alkenylene、氨基、苯基、苯基亚烷基或者是它们的取代衍生物,其中取代衍生物是低级烷基或卤素。
在此所用术语“盐”是指得自于任何药物学上可接受的有机或无机酸的加成盐。合适酸的例子包括盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、高氯酸、富马酸、马来酸、磷酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、水杨酸、琥珀酸、对甲苯磺酸、酒石酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、甲基磺酸、甲酸、苯甲酸、丙二酸、萘-2-磺酸和苯磺酸。另外,在此所用的任何烷基或亚烷基都可以是直链、支链或成环的,“卤素”包括溴、氯、氟和碘。
如上所述,R1是H、烷基、链烯基、苯基、亚烷基、alkenylene或苯基亚烷基,或者是它们的取代衍生物。如果需要,该R1衍生物可以是被烷氧基、卤素、羟基、氨基或硝基中的一种或多种取代。另外,如上所述,R2、R3、R′2和R′3独立地是H、低级烷基、链烯基、亚烷基、alkenylene、氨基、苯基或苯基亚烷基、或者是它们的取代衍生物。如果需要,R2、R3、R′2和R′3衍生物可以被低级烷基或卤素取代。
如果R4、R′4、R5或R′5取代基是硫代亚烷基,硫代亚烷基优选具有如[-(CH2)n-SH]的通式,其中,n独立地是1-4。如果R4、R′4、R5或R′5是硫酯亚烷基,硫酯亚烷基优选具有如[-(CH2)n-S-R6]的通式,其中,R6独立地是低级烷基,n独立地是1-4。
巯基或硒基衍生物的Z和Z′取代基独立地是亚烷基、alkenlyene、环亚烷基或环alkenlyene或者是它们的取代衍生物。如果使用它们的取代衍生物,取代基可包括烷氧基、卤素、羟基、氨基或硝基。
巯基或硒基衍生物的优选副组包括其中R1是H或低级烷基;R2是H;R3是H;R′2是H;R′3是H;X是NR4;X′是NR′4;R4和R′4独立地是H、甲基或乙基;而Z和Z′独立地是亚烷基的巯基或硒基衍生物。一些非限制性的例子包括巯基乙基胍、巯基丙基胍、S-甲基-巯基乙基胍、S-甲基-巯基丙基胍、硒基乙基胍、硒基丙基胍和胍基乙基化二硫。巯基或硒基衍生物的其他优选副组是其中R1是H;R2是H;R3是H;R′2是H;R′3是H;X是NR4;X′是NR′4;R4是H;R′4是H;而Z和Z′独立地是C1-6亚烷基的巯基或硒基衍生物。非限制性的例子包括巯基乙基胍、巯基丙基胍、硒基乙基胍、硒基丙基胍和胍基乙基化二硫。
异硒基脲的非限制性例子包括氨基乙基异硒基脲(AE-SeU)、氨基丙基异硒基脲(AP-SeU)和2-氨基硒唑啉(ASeZ)。
AE-SeU和AP-SeU可通过分子内的重排产生硒基乙基胍(SEG)和硒基丙基胍(SPG)来发挥它们的NOS抑制作用。在测试这些异硒基脲化合物中,它们的溶液都使“Aldrithiol-2”(2,2′-二硫代吡啶,2-二吡啶基化二硫)(一种用来测定游离硫醇(-SH)和硒醇(-SeH)基团的试剂)减少。该减少在中性pH时非常快速,但在低pH值时非常缓慢。而且,用高压液相色谱(HPLC)测定,AE-SeU和AP-SeU在溶液中的浓度按类似于pH依赖性的速率减少。这些数据表明,AE-SeU和AP-SeU重排产生其他物质,主要是硒基烷基胍,根据Chu和Mautner的数据(S.H.Chu and H.G.Mautner,Journalot the American Chemical Society,27,2899-2901(1962))。
发现纯物质形式或在药物载体中的巯基或硒基衍生物有益于治疗通过抑制氧化氮合成酶和选择性抑制其可诱导异构重整体来治疗的病症和疾病。例如,巯基或硒基衍生物可用于治疗包括各方面的循环性休克,如血管和心肌机能不良、包括抑制线粒体酶和细胞色素P450介导的药物代谢之代谢衰竭、以及包括成人呼吸窘迫综合症的多发性器官机能障碍综合症。循环性休克可能是由革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性脓毒症、外伤、出血、烧伤、过敏反应、细胞因子免疫治疗、肝衰竭、肾衰竭或系统性炎症应答综合症引起的。巯基和硒基衍生物对接受细胞因子如TNF、LI-1和IL-2治疗的病人、或用细胞因子诱导药物治疗的病人、或者在器官移植治疗中接受辅助性短期免疫抑制的病人也是有益的。另外,巯基和硒基衍生物还可用于抑制患有如成人呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS)和心肌炎之炎性病症的病人体内的NO合成,在该病症中NO过量是其病理生理学的主要因素。
还有证据表明,NO合成酶与自体免疫和/或炎性病症有关,如关节炎、类风湿性关节炎和系统性盘状红斑狼疮(SLE),而且还与胰岛素依赖性的糖尿病有关,因此证明巯基和硒基衍生物对治疗这些疾病是有益的。
而且现已知道有许多的其他炎性和非炎性疾病与NO过度产生有关。这些生理疾病的例子包括:炎性肠道疾病,如回肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎和节段性回肠炎;炎性肺部疾病,如气喘和慢性梗阻性气管疾病;眼部的炎性疾病,如角膜营养不良、沙眼、盘尾丝虫病、眼色素层炎、交感神经性眼炎和眼内炎;慢性牙龈炎性疾病,如牙周炎;包括关节炎和骨关节炎的慢性关节炎性疾病、结核病、麻风病、肾小球性肾炎肉样瘤和肾变病;包括硬化性皮炎、牛皮癣和湿疹的皮肤疾病;中枢神经系统的炎性疾病,包括如多发性硬化的慢性脱髓鞘疾病、包括与AIDS病有关的神经变性和阿尔茨海默氏病的痴呆、脑脊髓炎和病毒性或自体免疫性脑炎;包括免疫综合脉管炎、系统性狼疮和红斑的自体免疫性疾病;以及包括局部缺血心脏病和心肌病的心脏疾病。得益于使用巯基和硒基衍生物的其他疾病包括肾上腺缺乏;血胆甾醇过多;动脉粥样硬化;与骨吸收有关的骨疾病,如骨质疏松,惊厥前期,惊厥,尿毒并发症;慢性肝衰竭,包括中风和脑局部缺血的中枢神经系统(CNS)的非炎性疾病;以及各种癌症。
巯基和硒基衍生物的药物制剂包括适用于口服、直肠、鼻腔、局部(包括颊部和舌下)、阴道和非胃肠道(包括肌肉内、皮下和静脉内)给药剂型,或者是适于吸入或吹入给药的剂型。如果合适的话,药物组合物可方便地放入单一的给药装置中,并可用药学工艺中任何已知的方法制备。所有所述的药学方法都包括将活性化合物与液体载体或细分的固体载体或在需要时液体及固体两者缔合的步骤,然后如果需要的话,将产物成型为所需的剂型。
适于口服给药的药物剂型可通常为单个的装置,如胶囊、扁囊(cachet)或片剂,各含有预定量的活性组份;粉末或颗粒;或为溶液、悬浮液和乳剂。活性组份也可存在于团块药糖剂或糊剂,而且可为纯物质形式,即没有载体。用于口服给药的片剂和胶囊可包含常规的赋形剂,如粘合剂、填料、润滑剂、崩解剂或润湿剂。片剂可用压制或模制法制备,可选择性地添加一种或多种次要组份。压制片剂可通过以下方法来制备:在合适的机器中将如粉末或颗粒之流动形式的活性组份,其也可选择性地混有粘合剂、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、润滑表面活性剂或分散剂,压制成片。模制片剂可通过将用惰性液体稀释剂润湿的粉末状化合物在合适的机器中模制来制备。片剂可根据本领域已知的方法包衣。口服流动性制剂可为例如水性或油性悬浮液、溶液、乳液、糖浆或甘香酒剂的剂型,或者是在使用前用水或其他合适载体来配制的干燥产品的形式。此类液体制剂可包含常规的添加剂,如悬浮剂、乳化剂、非水载体(其可包括食用油)或防腐剂。片剂还可配制成活性组份缓释或控释的剂型。
非胃肠道给药的剂型包括:水性或非水性无菌注射液,其可包含抗氧化剂、缓冲液、抑菌剂和使制剂与待给药的血液等张的溶质;以及水性或非水性无菌悬浮液,其可包含悬浮剂和增粘剂。该制剂可在单剂量或多剂量容器内,例如密封的安培和管形瓶,也可在冻干(冻干剂)条件下贮存,这只需要在使用前添加无菌液体载体,例如盐水、注射用水。另外,所述制剂也可为连续输液的形式。临时配制的注射液和悬浮液可由上述的无菌粉末、颗粒和片剂来制备。
用于直肠给药的剂型可为添加有常规载体如可可脂或聚乙二醇的栓剂。在口腔如颊部或舌下中局部给药的剂型包括锭剂,其包括活性组份和调味剂如蔗糖和阿拉伯胶或西黄耆胶,以及包括活性组份和明胶和甘油或蔗糖和阿拉伯胶的软锭剂。在鼻内给药时,本发明的化合物可为液体喷雾剂或可分散粉末和滴剂的形式。滴剂可用包括一种或多种分散剂、增溶剂或悬浮剂的水性或非水性基来配制。液体喷雾剂通常从加压包装中释放。
在吸入给药时,本发明的化合物通常由吹入器、喷雾加压包装或其他常规的释放气雾喷雾剂的装置中释放。加压包装包括合适的推进剂,如二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯三氟乙烷、二氧化碳或其他合适的气体。如果是加压的气雾剂,给药装置可通过设置阀门来确定给药剂量。
另外,在吸入或吹入给药时,根据本发明的化合物可为干燥粉末组合物的形式,例如化合物与合适的粉末状乳糖或淀粉的混合粉末。粉末状组合物可为单元剂量形式,例如胶囊、管壳、明胶或泡罩包装,在给药时粉末借助吸入器或吹入器由这些包装中释放出来。
如果需要的话,上述制剂也可为持续释放活性组份的形式。根据本发明的药物组合物还可包含其他的活性组份,如抗菌剂、免疫抑制剂或防腐剂。
本发明的化合物也可与其他的治疗化合物合用,例如抗炎药物、特别是非甾体抗炎药(NSAID),包括前列环素和前列腺素E1的血管舒张前列腺素,包括顺铂、NO供体或NO吸入治疗、或PAF受体拮抗剂的癌症化学治疗药物。
应理解的是,除上述特别提到的组份,本发明的制剂可包括其他本领域中根据剂型的需要而常用的试剂,例如那些适合于口服给药的剂型可包括调味剂。
优选的单元给药剂型包含如下所述的有效剂量的或者是适当的活性组份。
在上述提到的病症中,巯基或硒基衍生物的口服或经注射给药的剂量为每日0.1-250mg/kg。对于成人,剂量范围通常为5mg-17.5g/天,优选为5mg-10g/天,最优选为100mg-3g/天。在单一单元中的片剂或其他制剂通常可包含此剂量或多个此剂量的有效剂量,例如包含5mg-500mg,通常为约100mg-500mg的单剂量。
药物组合物优选口服或注射(静脉内或皮下)给药,对病人的精确给药量由住院医师来决定。但是,所用剂量取决于许多因素,例如病人的年龄和性别、治疗的确切病症、以及严重情况。给药途径也取决于病症及其严重情况。
以下实施例将用于说明,而不是限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
本实施例说明所选的巯基衍生物对J774.2巨噬细胞中内毒素诱导的亚硝酸盐形成以及培养的鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞中IL-1γ-干扰素诱导的亚硝酸盐形成的作用。J774巨噬细胞株得自于美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC),并使用常规方法在Dulbecco改良伊革氏培养基(DMEM)中培养,该培养基中添加有10%胎牛血清、谷氨酸、青霉素(10000U/I)和链霉素(10000U/I)。得自Wistar大鼠的鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞(RASM)使用标准方法用酶分离来分离。使用鼠抗α-肌动蛋白抗体和抗鼠IgG荧光素异硫氰酸酯(FITC)缀合物,对α-肌动蛋白进行非直接免疫荧光染色,结果为阳性,由此鉴定细胞为平滑肌。RASM细胞在T-75组织培养瓶中,在50%F12营养培养基和50%添加有10%胎牛血清、谷氨酸、青霉素(10000U/I)和链霉素(10000U/I)的Dulbecco改良伊革氏培养基(DMEM)中进行培养。细胞在96孔板中培育,测定亚硝酸盐的形成以及细胞的存活性。用内毒素(10μg/ml)处理J774巨噬细胞24小时;平滑肌细胞用IL-1(100U/ml)和γ-干扰素(50U/ml)处理48小时。
通过混合等体积的带有Griess试剂(1%氨基磺酸/0.1%萘乙基二胺二盐酸盐/2.5%磷酸)的培养基,测定培养基中亚硝酸盐的浓度、NO降解产物。混合物在室温下温育10分钟,形成生色团,然后在550nm处测量光密度(OD550)。在双波长分光计上进行光谱测定。
用MTT(3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四唑溴)之线粒体依赖性还原为formazan,来估测作为细胞存活指标的线粒体呼吸。细胞在96孔板中与MTT(0.2mg/ml,60分钟)一起温育(37℃)。通过抽吸除去培养基,将细胞溶解在二甲基亚砜(DMSO)(100μl)中。用微板读数计通过测量OD550来定量细胞中MTT向formazan还原的程度。绘制DMSO中MTT向fomazan还原的校正曲线。细胞中formazan的产生用得自未处理细胞的百分数值来表示。
用内毒素或IL-1和γ-干扰素刺激的细胞产生氧化氮,作为培养基中亚硝酸盐浓度增加的量度。巯基衍生物是剂量依赖性抑制,如图1和2以及表1和2所示,巯基乙基胍(MEG)和巯基丙基胍(MPG)是比参考化合物NG-甲基-L-精氨酸(L-NMA)和NG-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯更强的抑制剂。亚硝酸盐产生的抑制不是因为细胞被杀死,其原因是这些药物在它们有效剂量(1-100μM)中并没有降低细胞的存活性(图3)。在1mM时,观察到存活性的略微降低(图3)。而且,这些药物没有消除亚硝酸盐,因为它们没有干扰在NO供体化合物3-吗啉基-sydnonimin-盐酸盐(SIN-1)存在时温育后测量到的亚硝酸盐浓度(图4)。与MEG和MPG相似,S-甲基-MEG和S-乙基-MEG也是免疫刺激的J774巨噬细胞中亚硝酸盐累积的抑制剂(表1)。<>,R=-(CH2)2SS(CH2)2NHC(=NH)NH2
表2 | ||||
AATUs、MAGs和其他化合物在组织均浆中抑制iNOS、ecNOS、bNOS活性的EC50值 | ||||
EC50(μM) | ||||
化合物 | iNOS | ecNOS | bNOS | |
1 | NG-甲基-L-精氨酸(L-NMA) | 17 | 5 | 20 |
2 | NG-硝基-L-精氨酸(L-NA) | 300 | 2 | 0.8 |
3 | 氨基胍 | 80 | 2600 | 220 |
4 | 巯基乙基胍(MEG) | 11.5 | 110 | 60 |
5 | 巯基丙基胍(MPG) | 7 | 4 | 80 |
6 | S-甲基-MEG | 1.4 | 43 | 8 |
7 | S-乙基-MEG | 30 | 850 | 460 |
8 | 胍基亚乙基化二硫(GED) | 200 | 630 | 180 |
实施例2
本实施例说明所选的巯基衍生物对正常麻醉大鼠血压的作用。用抑制NOS的药物来增加血压是对结构性的内皮NOS(ecNOS)抑制作用的较好量度。因为已知L-NMA对可诱导的NOS(iNOS)只具有较弱的选择性,对iNOS和ecNOS的抑制程度基本上相同,所以L-NMA可用作说明异构重整体的参考化合物。如果NOS抑制药物增加血压没有L-NMA(通常是没有选择性的化合物)强,那么可以说该药物对可诱导的异构重整体具有选择性。
在此特殊的实施例中,雄性Wistar大鼠用硫喷妥钠(120mg/kg,i.p)麻醉。进行气管插管,以便于呼吸,然后通过连接在恒温毯上的直肠探头使直肠温度保持在37℃。在右侧颈动脉血管进行插管,并将其连接在压力换能器上,以测量周期性和平均动脉血压和心率。对左侧和右侧股静脉进行插管,以给药。
巯基衍生物MEG和MPG以及参考化合物L-NMA以适当的剂量通过i.v或i.p.向动物给药。如图5所示,巯基衍生物仅使平均动脉血压(MAP)略微增加,而常规的参考化合物L-NMA却产生明显的并且是剂量依赖性的增压应答,这说明了巯基衍生物的选择性。
实施例3
此实施例进一步说明巯基乙基胍和相关化合物对结构性NOS活性(ecNOS和bNOS)之相对较弱的作用。如下测定得自牛主动脉的ecNOS活性。在由50mM Tris-HCl、0.1mM乙二胺四乙酸盐(EDTA)和0.1mM乙二醇双(β-氨基乙基醚)(EGTA)构成的均化缓冲液存在下,将新制牛主动脉的内表面刮下。在均浆中如下测定[3H]-L-精氨酸向[3H]-L-瓜氨酸的转化:在[3H]-L-精氨酸(10μM,5kBq/tube)、NADPH(2mM)、调钙蛋白(30nM)、四氢生物喋呤(5μM)和钙(2mM)的存在下,在37℃、N-2-羟乙基哌嗪-N-2-乙烷磺酸(HEPES)缓冲液(pH7.5)中温育细胞均浆(50μl)20分钟。用1ml包含EGTA(2mM)和EDTA(2mM)的冰冷HEPES缓冲液(pH5.5)稀释,以此终止反应。反应混合物放于Dowex 50W(Na+形式)柱上,用闪烁计数测定洗脱的[3H]-L-瓜氨酸活性。用相似的方法在全鼠脑均浆中测定bNOS活性。当包括在培养基中时,巯基乙基胍(MEG)对ecNOS活性的剂量依赖性抑制(EC50=110μM,n=6)低于L-NMA(EC50=5μM,n=6)或L-NAME(EC50=2μM,n=6)的,因此说明巯基衍生物之异构重整体的选择性(图6,表2)。类似地,S-甲基MEG和S-乙基MEG虽然是iNOS活性的较强的抑制剂,但对ecNOS不是很强(表2)。
实施例4
本实施例说明合成巯基乙基胍硫酸盐的方法。将巯基乙胺盐酸盐(2g)溶解在甲醇(5ml)中,然后在盐/冰浴中冷却。加入氢氧化钾(0.99g)之甲醇(10ml)冷溶液,搅拌混合物。1小时后,过滤溶液,在12ml滤液中加入S-甲基异硫脲(2g)。在氮气氛、室温(18℃)下搅拌溶液16小时。过滤溶液,然后添加醚,沉淀出粗产物,该产物在醚/乙醇混合物中重结晶。
实施例5
如下制备2-(甲硫基)乙基胍硫酸盐:在0.695g S-甲基异硫脲之15ml 90%甲醇溶液中添加0.456g 2-(甲硫基)乙胺。在室温下搅拌溶液20小时,过滤,在真空下除去溶剂。用甲醇和醚的混合物结晶残留物。
实施例6
使用实施例5的方法制备2-(乙硫基)乙基胍硫酸盐;但使用0.5g2-(乙硫基)乙胺代替2-(甲硫基)乙胺。
实施例7
如下制备N-咪基硫代吗啉硫酸盐:将硫代吗啉(3ml)加至4.17gS-甲基异硫脲之30ml 25%含水甲醇溶液中,然后过夜搅拌溶液。减压除去溶剂,将残留物放入温甲醇中,然后过滤。减去溶液的体积,并将溶液放置2天,然后收集固体。
实施例8
如下制备N-咪基噻唑烷硫酸盐:将噻唑烷(1g)加至1.56g S-甲基异硫脲之15ml 25%含水甲醇溶液中,然后过夜搅拌溶液。减压除去溶剂,残留物用甲醇/水进行重结晶,得到白色固体,收率较低。
实施例9
本实施例说明所选的巯基和硒基衍生物对J744.2巨噬细胞中亚硝酸盐产生的作用。J774.2鼠巨噬细胞株得自于ATCC,并在带有4×10-3M L-谷氨酸和10%胎牛血清的DMEM中培育。细胞在带有200μl培养基的96孔板中培养,直至它们达到60-80%的融合。为诱导iNOS,添加包含E.coli LPS(10μg/ml)和鼠γ-干扰素(IFN)(50U/ml)的新制培养基。在24小时后测定在存在或不存在各种抑制剂的情况下,在细胞培养基中亚硝酸盐的累积。亚硝酸盐的产生是NO合成的一个指标,通过如实施例1中所述的Greiss反应测定在J774.2巨噬细胞上清液中的亚硝酸盐产生。
在没有免疫刺激时,在J774.2巨噬细胞中观察不到亚硝酸盐的产生。但是,在IFN和LPS存在时,培养基中的亚硝酸盐浓度比没有抑制剂时增加17±2μM。参考图7和表3,SEG和GED都导致亚硝酸盐的剂量依赖性抑制作用。而且,这些化合物的效力高于参考化合物L-NMA。SEG的EC50为10μM,GED的EC50为0.3μM,而L-NMA的EC50为90μM。
表3 | |||
所选化合物在免疫刺激的巨噬细胞中对亚硝酸盐产生的作用 | |||
亚硝酸盐(对照组的%),使用: | |||
抑制剂浓度(1gM) | L-NMA | SEG | GED |
-6.000 | 95.000 | 90.000 | 36.000 |
-5.000 | 73.500 | 50.000 | 7.000 |
-4.000 | 43.000 | 7.000 | 0.000 |
-3.000 | 12.600 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
实施例10
本实施例说明所选巯基和硒基衍生物在由用内毒素处理过的大鼠制备的肺均浆中对iNOS活性的作用。用细菌内毒素(15mg/kg IV)处理大鼠3小时,由该大鼠中得到肺,然后将肺均化。均化缓冲液由50mMtris-HCl、0.1mM EDTA、0.1mM EGTA和1mM苯基甲基磺酰氯(pH7.4)。在冰上的均化缓冲液中,用Tissue Tearor 985-370均化器(BioSpec Products,Racine,Wisconsin)使细胞悬浮液均化。参考图8和表4,GED和L-NMA在对iNOS活性的抑制作用上大致相似,但SEG对iNOS活性的抑制更强。
表4 | |||
所选化合物在由用内毒素处理过的大鼠制备的肺均浆中对iNOS活性的作用 | |||
iNOS活性(%),使用: | |||
抑制剂浓度(1gM) | L-NMA | SEG | GED |
-7.000 | 100.000 | 100.000 | 100.000 |
-6.000 | 100.000 | 86.000 | 100.000 |
-5.000 | 100.000 | 56.000 | 100.000 |
-4.000 | 40.000 | 15.000 | 57.000 |
-3.000 | 18.000 | 0.000 | 22.000 |
实施例11
本实施例说明所选巯基和硒基衍生物对从新制牛主动脉内皮刮擦物中制备的ecNOS活性的作用。为制备富含ecNOS的制剂,刮擦新制牛主动脉的内表面,并均化。均化缓冲液由50mM tris-HCl、0.1mMEDTA、0.1mM EGTA和1mM苯基甲基磺酰氯(pH7.4)。在冰上的均化缓冲液中,用Tissue Tearor 985-370均化器(BioSpec Products,Racine,Wisconsin)使细胞悬浮液均化。如实施例3的方法测定均浆中[3H]-L-精氨酸向[3H]-L-瓜氨酸的转化。
参考图9和表5,SEG和GED对ecNOS活性的抑制没有L-NMA强。而且,比较图8和9以及表4和5,SEG对iNOS的EC50(10μM)明显低于SEG对ecNOS的EC50(600μM)。另外,GED对iNOS的EC50(200μM)明显低于GED对ecNOS的EC50(630μM)。这些EC50值进一步证明SEG和GED对iNOS的相对选择性。
表5 | |||
所选化合物对从新制牛主动脉内皮刮擦物中制备的ecNOS活性的作用 | |||
ecNOS活性,使用: | |||
抑制剂浓度(1gM) | L-NMA | SEG | GED |
-7.000 | 117.000+ | 93.000 | 99.000 |
-6.000 | 93.000 | 93.000 | 86.000 |
-5.000 | 58.000 | 97.000 | 86.000 |
-4.000 | 12.000 | 73.000 | 60.000 |
-3.000 | 2.000 | 48.000 | 23.000 |
+结果可能是因为实验误差 |
实施例12
本实施例说明所选的硒基衍生物对J744.2巨噬细胞中亚硝酸盐形成的作用。J774.2鼠巨噬细胞株得自于ATCC,并在带有4×10-3M L-谷氨酸和10%胎牛血清的DMEM中培育。细胞在带有200μl培养基的96孔板中培养,直至它们达到60-80%的融合。为诱导iNOS,添加包含E.coli LPS(10μg/ml)和鼠γ-干扰素(IFN)(50U/ml)的新制培养基。在24小时后测定在存在或不存在各种抑制剂的情况下,在细胞培养基中亚硝酸盐的累积。在没有免疫刺激时,在J774.2巨噬细胞中观察不到亚硝酸盐的产生。但是,在IFN和LPS存在时,培养基中的亚硝酸盐浓度比没有抑制剂时增加17±2μM。参考图10和表6,ASZ、SEG和SPG都是剂量依赖性地抑制亚硝酸盐的产生。
表6 | |||
所选的化合物对免疫刺激的巨噬细胞中亚硝酸盐形成的作用 | |||
亚硝酸盐(相对于对照的%),使用: | |||
抑制剂浓度(1gM) | ASZ | SEG | SPG |
-6 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
-5.5 | 96 | 94 | 73 |
-5 | 60 | 50 | 11 |
-4.5 | 37 | 28 | 4 |
-4 | 14 | 14 | 0 |
本发明上述的具体描述是用于说明本发明,而不是用来限制本发明的范围,本发明的范围由以下的权利要求书来确定。
Claims (52)
1、一种用于抑制哺乳动物中氧化氮合成酶的药物组合物,包括具有以下通式的化合物或其盐以及药物学上可接受的载体:或其中,R1是H、烷基、链烯基、苯基、亚烷基、alkenylene或苯基亚烷基或它们的取代衍生物;
R1是亚烷基或alkenylene时,R1可任选地连接在上述包含R1的通式中的脒基Ns、Z或X上,形成5-、6-或7-元杂环,其条件是,在R1连接于Z上时,Z是亚烷基或alkenylene或它们的取代衍生物,而在R1连接于X上时,X是CR5或N;
R2、R3、R′2和R′3相互独立地是H、低级烷基、链烯基、亚烷基、alkenylene、氨基、苯基或苯基亚烷基,或者是它们的取代衍生物;
R2或R′2为亚烷基或alkenylene时,R2或R′2任选地连接在位于邻近脒基C上的亚氨基N上,形成5-或6-元杂环;
Z和Z′相互独立地是亚烷基、alkenylene、环亚烷基或环alkenylene或者是它们的取代衍生物;
R2、R3、R′2或R′3是亚烷基或alkenylene时,R2、R3、R′2或R′3任选地连接在相邻的Z或Z′上,形成5-或6-元杂环,该杂环包括N、C、以及不超过一个的O或S原子,其条件是,所述杂环任选地为低级烷基、烷氧基、卤素、羟基或氨基所取代;
X是N、NR4、O、CR5或CR4R5;
X是N、NR′4、O、CR′5或CR′4R′5;
Y是S或Se;
R4和R′4独立地是H、烷基、硫代亚烷基或硫酯亚烷基;
R5和R′5独立地是H、烷基、亚烷基、alkenylene、硫代亚烷基、硫酯亚烷基、氨基或羧基;以及
如果R4或R′4是亚烷基、alkenylene、硫代亚烷基或硫酯亚烷基时,R4或R′4任选地连接在R2、R3、R′2或R′3上,形成5-或6-元杂环,该杂环包括N、C、以及不超过一个的O或S原子,其条件是,R2、R3、R′2或R′3独立地为亚烷基、alkenylene、氨基、苯基、苯基亚烷基或者是它们的取代衍生物,其中取代衍生物是低级烷基或卤素;
所述巯基衍生物以有效抑制哺乳动物中氧化氮合成酶的量存在于所述组合物中。
2、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述R1的取代衍生物选自烷氧基、卤素、羟基、氨基和硝基的一种或多种。
3、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述R2、R3、R′2或R′3的取代衍生物相互独立地选自低级烷基和卤素。
4、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述R4、R5、R′4或R′5硫代亚烷基具有[-(CH2)n-SH]的通式,其中n独立地是1-4。
5、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述R4、R5、R′4或R′5硫酯亚烷基具有[-(CH2)n-S-R6]的通式,其中R6独立地是低级烷基,而n独立地是1-4。
6、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述Z或Z′的取代衍生物选自烷氧基、卤素、羟基、氨基和硝基。
7、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,R1选自H或低级烷基;R2是H;R3是H;R′2是H;R′3是H;X是NR4;X′是NR′4;R4和R′4独立地选自H、甲基和乙基;而Z和Z′独立地是亚烷基。
8、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,R1是H;R2是H;R3是H;R′2是H;R′3是H;X是NR4;X′是NR′4;R4是H;R′4是H;而Z和Z′独立地是C1-6亚烷基。
9、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述化合物选自巯基乙基胍、巯基丙基胍、S-甲基-巯基乙基胍、S-甲基巯基丙基胍、硒基乙基胍、硒基丙基胍和胍基乙基化二硫。
10、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述化合物选择性地抑制可诱导的氧化氮合成酶。
11、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述化合物的量足以治疗通过抑制氧化氮合成酶来治疗的病症。
12、如权利要求11所述的组合物,其中,所述病症选自:循环性休克、系统性炎症应答综合症、用细胞因子的治疗、用细胞因子诱导药物的治疗、器官移植、移植器官排斥、局部炎症应答、系统性炎症、自体免疫疾病、成人呼吸窘迫综合症、关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、糖尿病、回肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎和节段性回肠炎、气喘、牙周炎、肾变病、神经系统的慢性脱髓鞘疾病、多发性硬化、与AIDS病有关的并发症、阿尔茨海默氏病、局部缺血心脏病、心肌病、肾上腺缺乏、血胆甾醇过多、动脉粥样硬化、与骨吸收增加有关的骨疾病、惊厥前期、惊厥、尿毒并发症、慢性肝衰竭、中风、脑局部缺血以及各种癌症。
13、如权利要求11所述的组合物,其中,所述病症选自系统性炎症应答综合症和循环性休克。
14、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其配制成口服、直肠、鼻腔、局部、颊部、舌下、阴道、非胃肠道、肌肉内、皮下、静脉内、吸入或吹入给药的剂型。
15、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其配制成口服给药的剂型,所述载体包括选自由粘合剂、填料、润滑剂、崩解剂、润湿剂、惰性稀释剂、表面活性剂、分散剂、悬浮剂、乳化剂、食油油、调味剂以及它们的混合物组成的组中的成分。
16、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其配制成在口腔内局部给药的剂型,所述载体包括选自由调味剂、蔗糖、阿拉伯胶、西黄耆胶、明胶、甘油以及它们的混合物组成的组中的成分。
17、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其配制成鼻部给药的剂型,所述载体包括选自由分散剂、增溶剂、悬浮剂以及它们的混合物组成的组中的成分。
18、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其配制成吸入给药的剂型,所述载体包括推进剂。
19、如权利要求18所述的组合物,其中,所述推进剂选自二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、二氧化碳以及它们的混合物。
20、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其配制成吸入或吹入给药的剂型,所述载体包括选自由乳糖、淀粉以及它们的混合物组成的组中的成分。
21、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其配制成非胃肠道给药的剂型,所述载体包括选自由抗氧化剂、缓冲液、抑菌剂、悬浮剂、增粘剂、盐水、水以及它们的混合物组成的组中的成分。
22、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其配制成直肠给药的剂型,所述载体包括选自由可可脂、聚乙二醇以及它们的混合物组成的组中的成分。
23、如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中掺入选自由抗菌剂、免疫抑制剂、防腐剂以及它们的混合物组成的组中的成分。
24、如权利要求1所述的组合物,给药剂量为每日约5mg-17.5g所述的化合物。
25、如权利要求24所述的组合物,给药剂量为每日约5mg-10g所述的化合物。
26、如权利要求25所述的组合物,给药剂量为每日约100mg-3g所述的化合物。
27、在哺乳动物中抑制氧化氮合成酶的方法,包括向哺乳动物给药有效抑制哺乳动物中氧化氮合成酶的量的化合物或其盐,所述化合物具有以下通式:或其中,R1是H、烷基、链烯基、苯基、亚烷基、alkenylene或苯基亚烷基或它们的取代衍生物;
R1是亚烷基或alkenylene时,R1可任选地连接在上述包含R1的通式中的脒基Ns、Z或X上,形成5-、6-或7-元杂环,其条件是,在R1连接于Z上时,Z是亚烷基或alkenylene或它们的取代衍生物,而在R1连接于X上时,X是CR5或N;
R2、R3、R′2和R′3相互独立地是H、低级烷基、链烯基、亚烷基、alkenylene、氨基、苯基或苯基亚烷基,或者是它们的取代衍生物;
R2或R′2为亚烷基或alkenylene时,R2或R′2任选地连接在位于邻近脒基C上的亚氨基N上,形成5-或6-元杂环;
Z和Z′相互独立地是亚烷基、alkenylene、环亚烷基或环alkenylene或者是它们的取代衍生物;
R2、R3、R′2或R′3是亚烷基、alkenylene时,R2、R3、R′2或R′3任选地连接在相邻的Z或Z′上,形成5-或6-元杂环,该杂环包括N、C、以及不超过一个的O或S原子,其条件是,所述杂环任选地为低级烷基、烷氧基、卤素、羟基或氨基所取代;
X是N、NR4、O、CR5或CR4R5;
X是N、NR′4、O、CR′5或CR′4R′5;
Y是S或Se;
R4和R′4独立地是H、烷基、硫代亚烷基或硫酯亚烷基;
R5和R′5独立地是H、烷基、亚烷基、alkenylene、硫代亚烷基、硫酯亚烷基、氨基或羧基;以及
如果R4或R′4是亚烷基、alkenylene、硫代亚烷基或硫酯亚烷基时,R4或R′4任选地连接在R2、R3、R′2或R′3上,形成5-或6-元杂环,该杂环包括N、C、以及不超过一个的O或S原子,其条件是,R2、R3、R′2或R′3独立地为亚烷基、alkenylene、氨基、苯基、苯基亚烷基或者是它们的取代衍生物,其中取代衍生物是低级烷基或卤素。
28、如权利要求27所述的方法,其中,所述R1的取代衍生物选自烷氧基、卤素、羟基、氨基和硝基的一种或多种。
29、如权利要求27所述的方法,其中,所述R2、R3、R′2或R′3的取代衍生物相互独立地选自低级烷基和卤素。
30、如权利要求27所述的方法,其中,R4、R5、R′4或R′5硫代亚烷基具有[-(CH2)n-SH]的通式,其中n独立地是1-4。
31、如权利要求27所述的方法,其中,R4、R5、R′4或R′5硫酯亚烷基具有[-(CH2)n-S-R6]的通式,其中R独立地是低级烷基,而n独立地是1-4。
32、如权利要求27所述的方法,其中,所述Z或Z′的取代衍生物选自烷氧基、卤素、羟基、氨基和硝基。
33、如权利要求27所述的方法,其中,R1选自H或低级烷基;R2是H;R3是H;R′2是H;R′3是H;X是NR4;X′是NR′4;R4和R′4独立地选自H、甲基和乙基;而Z和Z′独立地是亚烷基。
34、如权利要求27所述的方法,其中,R1是H;R2是H;R3是H;R′2是H;R′3是H;X是NR4;X′是NR′4;R4是H;R′4是H;而Z和Z′独立地是C1-6亚烷基。
35、如权利要求27所述的方法,其中,所述化合物选自巯基乙基胍、巯基丙基胍、S-甲基-巯基乙基胍、S-甲基巯基丙基胍、硒基乙基胍、硒基丙基胍和胍基乙基化二硫。
36、如权利要求27所述的方法,用于选择性地抑制可诱导的氧化氮合成酶。
37、如权利要求27所述的方法,其中,用于治疗通过抑制氧化氮合成酶来治疗的病症。
38、如权利要求37所述的方法,其中,所述病症选自:循环性休克、系统性炎症应答综合症、用细胞分裂药物的治疗、用细胞分裂诱导药物的治疗、器官移植、移植器官排斥、局部炎症应答、系统炎症、自体免疫疾病、成人呼吸窘迫综合症、关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、糖尿病、回肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎和节段性回肠炎、气喘、牙周炎、肾变病、神经系统的慢性脱髓鞘疾病、多发性硬化、与AIDS病有关的并发症、阿尔茨海默氏病、局部缺血心脏病、心肌病、肾上腺缺乏、血胆甾醇过多、动脉粥样硬化、与骨吸收增加有关的骨疾病、惊厥前期、惊厥、尿毒并发症、慢性肝衰竭、中风、脑局部缺血以及各种癌症。
39、如权利要求37所述的方法,其中,所述病症选自系统性炎症应答综合症和循环性休克。
40、如权利要求27所述的方法,通过选自以下的方法给药所述化合物:口服、直肠、鼻腔、局部、颊部、舌下、阴道、非胃肠道、肌肉内、皮下、静脉内、吸入或吹入给药。
41、如权利要求27所述的方法,口服给药在药物学上可接受的载体中的所述化合物,所述载体包括选自由粘合剂、填料、润滑剂、崩解剂、润湿剂、惰性稀释剂、表面活性剂、分散剂、悬浮剂、乳化剂、食油油、调味剂以及它们的混合物组成的组中的成分。
42、如权利要求27所述的方法,口腔内局部给药在药物学上可接受的载体中的所述化合物,所述载体包括选自由调味剂、蔗糖、阿拉伯胶、西黄耆胶、明胶、甘油以及它们的混合物组成的组中的成分。
43、如权利要求27所述的方法,鼻部给药在药物学上可接受的载体中的所述化合物,所述载体包括选自由分散剂、增溶剂、悬浮剂以及它们的混合物组成的组中的成分。
44、如权利要求27所述的方法,吸入给药在药物学上可接受的载体中的所述化合物,所述载体包括推进剂。
45、如权利要求44所述的方法,其中,所述推进剂选自二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、二氧化碳以及它们的混合物。
46、如权利要求27所述的方法,吸入或吹入给药在药物学上可接受的载体中的所述化合物,所述载体包括选自由乳糖、淀粉以及它们的混合物组成的组中的成分。
47、如权利要求27所述的方法,非胃肠道给药在药物学上可接受的载体中的所述化合物,所述载体包括选自由抗氧化剂、缓冲液、抑菌剂、悬浮剂、增粘剂、盐水、水以及它们的混合物组成的组中的成分。
48、如权利要求27所述的方法,直肠给药在药物学上可接受的载体中的所述化合物,所述载体包括选自由可可脂、聚乙二醇以及它们的混合物组成的组中的成分。
49、如权利要求27所述的方法,其中,所述化合物包含选自由抗菌剂、免疫抑制剂、防腐剂以及它们的混合物组成的组中的成分。
50、如权利要求27所述的方法,其中,所述化合物的给药剂量为每日约5mg-17.5g。
51、如权利要求50所述的方法,其中,所述化合物的给药剂量为每日约5mg-10g。
52、如权利要求51所述的方法,其中,所述化合物的给药剂量为每日约100mg-3g。
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US08/545,952 US5929063A (en) | 1995-03-24 | 1995-10-20 | Mercapto and seleno derivatives as inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase |
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JP (1) | JPH11502847A (zh) |
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AT (1) | ATE241347T1 (zh) |
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BR (1) | BR9607951A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2214601C (zh) |
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DE (1) | DE69628416T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0814792T3 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUP9801698A3 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX9707278A (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ305228A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2191575C2 (zh) |
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CN114057619A (zh) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-02-18 | 深圳福山生物科技有限公司 | 有机硒化合物及其治疗用途 |
CN115785573A (zh) * | 2022-12-02 | 2023-03-14 | 福建奥翔体育塑胶科技股份有限公司 | 一种持久抗菌型epdm颗粒及其制备方法 |
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AU2063397A (en) * | 1996-03-05 | 1997-09-22 | Children's Hospital Medical Center | Mercapto derivatives as inhibitors of cyclooxygenases |
AU3128197A (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 1998-01-05 | Children's Hospital Medical Center | Guanidino derivatives as inhibitors of the cytotoxic effect of peroxynitrite |
WO1998029101A1 (en) | 1996-12-31 | 1998-07-09 | Antioxidant Pharmaceuticals Corporation | Pharmaceutical preparations of glutathione and methods of administration thereof |
FR2782642B1 (fr) | 1998-08-31 | 2001-12-07 | Xavier Forceville | Utilisation du selenium pour le traitement de patients atteints d'un syndrome de reponse inflammatoire systemique (sirs), et composition pour la mise en oeuvre du traitement |
CA2342349A1 (en) | 1998-09-08 | 2000-03-16 | Monsanto Company | Methods of treating osteoarthritis with inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors |
WO2005023274A1 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2005-03-17 | Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem | Treatment and prevention of inflammatory disease and mitochondrial dysfunction with high dose selenium |
DE102004063638A1 (de) * | 2004-12-31 | 2006-07-13 | Biosyn Arzneimittel Gmbh | Selen-haltige Medikamente zur Prophylaxe oder Therapie von endothelialen Gefäßerkrankungen |
EP1931328A4 (en) * | 2005-08-16 | 2011-07-13 | Discogen Llc | METHOD FOR TREATING A GREENER SUBJECT WITH DEGENERATIVE DISCOPATHY USING AN INHIBITOR OF NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE |
TW200744658A (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2007-12-16 | Pentapharm Ag | Topical composition for use as a skin lightener |
US20080306148A1 (en) | 2007-04-13 | 2008-12-11 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Anti-cancer compositions and methods |
US8003633B1 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2011-08-23 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Anti-cancer compositions and methods |
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GB1400319A (en) * | 1972-04-20 | 1975-07-16 | Smith Kline French Lab | Pharmaceutical compositions |
US5246971A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1993-09-21 | Washington University | Method of inhibiting nitric oxide formation |
ATE191847T1 (de) * | 1991-12-16 | 2000-05-15 | Univ Washington | Verwendung von aminoguamidin zur herstellung eines arzneimittels zur unterdrückung der stickoxidbildung |
US5298506A (en) * | 1992-05-08 | 1994-03-29 | Brigham And Women's Hospital | Use of guanylate cyclase inhibitors in the treatment of shock |
IL107771A0 (en) * | 1992-11-27 | 1994-02-27 | Wellcome Found | Pharmaceutical compositions containing isothiourea derivatives certain such novel compounds and their preparation |
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1997
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CN114057619A (zh) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-02-18 | 深圳福山生物科技有限公司 | 有机硒化合物及其治疗用途 |
CN114057619B (zh) * | 2020-07-31 | 2024-03-22 | 深圳福山生物科技有限公司 | 有机硒化合物及其治疗用途 |
CN115785573A (zh) * | 2022-12-02 | 2023-03-14 | 福建奥翔体育塑胶科技股份有限公司 | 一种持久抗菌型epdm颗粒及其制备方法 |
CN115785573B (zh) * | 2022-12-02 | 2024-05-17 | 福建奥翔体育塑胶科技股份有限公司 | 一种持久抗菌型epdm颗粒及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP0814792A1 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
HUP9801698A3 (en) | 2000-07-28 |
HUP9801698A2 (hu) | 1998-11-30 |
MX9707278A (es) | 1998-06-30 |
US5985917A (en) | 1999-11-16 |
TR199701013T1 (xx) | 1998-02-21 |
DE69628416D1 (de) | 2003-07-03 |
DE69628416T2 (de) | 2004-05-06 |
CA2214601A1 (en) | 1996-10-03 |
BR9607951A (pt) | 1999-06-01 |
NZ305228A (en) | 1999-01-28 |
ATE241347T1 (de) | 2003-06-15 |
WO1996030007A1 (en) | 1996-10-03 |
EP0814792B1 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
CZ293497A3 (cs) | 1998-02-18 |
JPH11502847A (ja) | 1999-03-09 |
CA2214601C (en) | 2001-09-25 |
US5929063A (en) | 1999-07-27 |
RU2191575C2 (ru) | 2002-10-27 |
AU5319196A (en) | 1996-10-16 |
DK0814792T3 (da) | 2003-09-29 |
AU695307B2 (en) | 1998-08-13 |
CN1275594C (zh) | 2006-09-20 |
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