CN118165551A - 一种废轮胎热裂解炭黑改性方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种裂解炭黑的改性方法,本发明通过将裂解炭黑置于球磨罐中,利用球磨机的机械力化学反应,减小了裂解炭黑的颗粒粒径,增大其比表面积和微孔比例,并增加了含氧官能团,含氧官能团进一步与酚醛树脂和偶联剂发生接枝反应得到改性裂解炭黑,本发明既改善了裂解炭黑在橡胶中的分散性,又增加了裂解炭黑与橡胶分子间的结合力,因此硫化胶的拉伸强度以及粘合强度的大幅提升。本发明所提供的裂解炭黑改性工艺流程简单、快捷、且无需高温及溶剂,具有节能、环保等优点,所得产品可降低混炼能耗、提高橡胶胶料的物理机械性能等,且效果显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体涉及化工技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种用于废轮胎热裂解炭黑的增强改性方法。
背景技术
废旧轮胎的热裂解通常是在氮气气氛或真空条件下,利用高温使废旧轮胎中的大分子有机物发生裂解,生成小分子的物质,其中分子量较大的部分冷凝后得到液态裂解油,另一部分不能被冷凝的气体为裂解气可用作燃料。最后留在裂解反应装置中的固体残留物称之为裂解炭黑,其主要成分为炭黑和其他无机添加剂的混合物。
热裂解炭黑具有表面沥青质沉淀物多、活性点少、灰分高等缺点,导致胶料补强效果差。为提高热裂解炭黑的资源化利用,需要经过物体或化学改性,改变表面官能团种类、数量和分散性,方可替代或部分替代工业炭黑用作橡胶的补强剂和填充剂。为此不少科研工作者进行了大量的研究,对热裂解炭黑的改性主要有以下几个方式:一是氧化改性,氧化改性为裂解炭黑带来了大量的含氧官能团,如羟基、羧基、羰基等,增加炭黑粒子与橡胶的结合程度;二是接枝改性,采用长链不饱和聚合物与炭黑表面官能团进行反应,增加裂解炭黑和橡胶分子的作用力,提高强度;三是酸洗改性,酸洗主要去除了裂解炭中的灰分,提高了碳含量,增大了比表面积,改善了表面基团,提升了补强性能;四是第离子改性,采用不同气源的等离子体冲击裂解炭黑粒子表面,不仅增加了裂解炭黑表面的物理活性点,而且可以增加表面官能团。
尽管如此,改性裂解炭黑和工业炭黑还是存在不可忽视的性能差异,为进一步提高裂解炭黑的应用价值,还需通过多种处理手段对裂解炭黑进行深度改性。
发明内容
裂解炭黑主要由炭黑、灰分和沥青质沉淀物等组成,裂解炭黑微粒粒径大小不均,活性点少,灰份高,分散性和补强性均劣于工业炭黑。本发明的目的在于提出了一种裂解炭黑的改性方法,该方法通过将裂解炭黑置于球磨罐中,利用球磨机的机械力化学反应,减小了裂解炭黑的颗粒粒径,增大其比表面积和微孔比例,并增加了含氧官能团,含氧官能团进一步与酚醛树脂、偶联剂发生接枝反应得到改性裂解炭黑。本发明既改善了裂解炭黑在橡胶中的分散性,又增加了裂解炭黑与橡胶分子间的结合力,因此硫化胶的拉伸强度以及粘合强度的大幅提升。本发明所提供的裂解炭黑改性工艺流程简单、快捷、且无需高温及溶剂,具有节能、环保等优点,所得产品可降低混炼能耗、提高橡胶胶料的物理机械性能等,且效果显著。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述制备方法制备得到的改性裂解炭黑
根据本发明的一种裂解炭黑的改性方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将裂解炭黑置于球磨罐中进行球磨氧化,以增加裂解炭黑表面含氧官能团数量,得到氧化裂解炭黑。
(2)在氧化裂解炭黑中加入酚醛树脂、偶联剂继续球磨,得到改性裂解炭黑。
步骤(1)所述的裂解炭黑粒径为0.04~600μm;
步骤(2)所述的偶联剂为KH550、KH570、Si-60、KH590、A-171中一种或两种以上并用。
步骤(1)所述的研磨球直径1~10mm,球磨时间0.1~600min;
步骤(2)所述的研磨球直径1~10mm,球磨时间0.1~200min,球磨温度50~120℃。
所述酚醛树脂的含量为裂解炭黑质量的0.1~8%;
所述偶联剂的含量为裂解炭黑质量的0.01~5%。
步骤(1)所述球磨氧化条件为空气、氧气、臭氧之一或其混合物。
本发明的技术原理:
裂解炭黑微粒粒径大,并且大小分布不均,活性点少,分散性和补强性均劣于工业炭黑。球磨氧化主要三方面的作用:一能减小裂解炭黑微粒粒径,且球磨后颗粒平均粒径也比较接近;二是球磨之后的裂解炭黑微孔数量增加;三是球磨之后氧含量增加,且红外光谱发现在1620cm-1处吸收峰强度增加,表明含氧官能团数量增加。酚醛树脂及偶联剂会与裂解炭黑表面的含氧官能团结合。酚醛树脂与橡胶有较好的相容性,常作为功能助剂添加到橡胶中。因此,既改善了改性裂解炭黑在橡胶基体中的分散性,又提升了胶料的物理机械性能。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果:
(1)通过球磨氧化对裂解炭黑进行氧化改性,工艺简单,成本低。
(2)接枝反应不使用溶剂,克服了传统残留溶剂对填料性能及环境带来不利的缺点。
(3)酚醛树脂本身也是橡胶工业常用功能性助剂,既提升了裂解炭黑在胶料中的分散,又改善了混炼胶成型时的自粘性,且对硫化胶有补强效果。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述,参考标号是指本发明中的组件、技术,以便本发明的优点和特征在适合的环境下实现能更易于被理解。下面的描述是对本发明权利要求的具体化,并且与权利要求相关的其它没有明确说明的具体实现也属于权利要求的范围。
实施例1
(1)球磨氧化:将原始裂解炭黑和直径为6 mm的不锈钢研磨球按照料球比为1:120的质量比混合,然后放入球磨机的球磨罐中,转速400 r/min,球磨时间2h。
(2)球磨改性:加入酚醛树脂和偶联剂,酚醛树脂的加入量为原始裂解炭黑总质量的1%,偶联剂的加入量为原始裂解炭黑总质量的0.4%,保持温度在90℃ 球磨2h后,降温冷却取出。
(3)混炼制样:将改性裂解炭黑50份与天然橡胶50份、顺丁橡胶50份和以及其它小料12份、操作油12份,加入密炼机中混炼6.5min,得到一段母炼胶;将一段母炼胶放入开炼机,并加入硫化剂1.6份和促进剂1份,下片得到混炼胶;然后,停放16h,在151℃下硫化30min,得到橡胶组合物,性能测试见表1。
实施例2
(1)酸洗预处理:将1kg原始裂解炭黑、5kg浓度为2mol/L的盐酸和5kg浓度为2mol/L的氢氟酸置于反应釜内,高速搅拌4h,完成后过滤、洗涤,干燥。
(2)球磨氧化:将酸洗裂解炭黑和直径为6 mm的不锈钢研磨球按照料球比为1:120的质量比混合,然后放入球磨机的球磨罐中,转速400 r/min,球磨时间2h。
(3)球磨改性:加入酚醛树脂和偶联剂,酚醛树脂的加入量为酸洗裂解炭黑总质量的1%,偶联剂的加入量为酸洗裂解炭黑总质量的0.4%,保持温度在90℃ 球磨2h后,降温冷却取出。
(4)混炼制样:将改性裂解炭黑50份与天然橡胶50份、顺丁橡胶50份和以及其它小料12份、操作油12份,加入密炼机中混炼6.5min,得到一段母炼胶;将一段母炼胶放入开炼机,并加入硫化剂1.6份和促进剂1份,下片得到混炼胶;然后,停放16h,在151℃下硫化30min,得到橡胶组合物,性能测试见表1。
对比例1
将原始裂解炭黑50份与天然橡胶50份、顺丁橡胶50份和以及其它小料12份、操作油12份,加入密炼机中混炼6.5min,得到一段母炼胶;将一段母炼胶放入开炼机,并加入硫化剂1.6份和促进剂1份,下片得到混炼胶;然后,停放16h,在151℃下硫化30min,得到橡胶组合物,性能测试见表1。
对比例2
将N330炭黑50份与天然橡胶50份、顺丁橡胶50份和以及其它小料12份、操作油12份,加入密炼机中混炼6.5min,得到一段母炼胶;将一段母炼胶放入开炼机,并加入硫化剂1.6份和促进剂1份,下片得到混炼胶;然后,停放16h,在151℃下硫化30min,得到橡胶组合物,性能测试见表1。
表1.
性能 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 |
硬度(邵尔A) | 50 | 54 | 52 | 54 |
拉伸强度(MPa) | 12.3 | 19.3 | 16.2 | 18.6 |
扯断伸长率(%) | 668 | 563 | 624 | 628 |
300%定伸应力(MPa) | 5.58 | 7.91 | 6.81 | 7.78 |
撕裂强度(KN/m) | 31 | 42 | 37 | 43 |
耐切割损失率(%) | 3.41 | 3.28 | 3.54 | 3.45 |
粘合力(N) | 14.3 | 15.8 | 21.4 | 22.6 |
通过实验结论可知:
相对于对比例1(原始裂解炭黑),经过改性处理的裂解炭黑实施例1和实施例2在硬度、拉伸强度、定伸应力、撕裂强度、粘合力等性能指标上提升明显,扯断伸长率稍有降低。耐切割损失率相差不大。
相对于对比例2(N330炭黑),实施例1和实施例2在拉伸强度、定伸应力、耐切割损失率稍差于对比例2,但粘合力和扯断伸长率等性能指标要优于对比例2。实施例2在物理性能上基本接近或达到了对比例2。
实施例1和实施例2相比,硬度、拉伸强度、定伸应力、撕裂强度、粘合力均提升明显,说明对原始裂解炭黑进行酸洗处理之后再进行改性,有助于提升裂解炭黑的性能。
总体而言,本发明的废轮胎热裂解炭黑改性方法,使裂解炭黑在物理机械性能方面提升明显, 特别是对原始裂解炭黑进行酸洗处理之后再进行改性,其物理机械性能接近或达到了N330炭黑的水平。且具有更好的粘合性能,可全部或部分替代N330炭黑应用于轮胎胎侧配方或其它橡胶配方中。本发明的裂解炭黑改性方法具有制备工艺简单、低成本、绿色无污染等优点,能提升裂解炭黑商业应用价值,是一种有效、有前景的裂解炭黑改性方法。
应该注意的是,上述实施例对本发明进行说明而不是对本发明进行限制,并且本领域技术人员在不脱离所附权利要求的范围的情况下可设计出替换实施例。
Claims (7)
1.一种改性裂解炭黑的制备方法,其特征在于包含如下步骤:
(1)将裂解炭黑置于球磨罐中进行球磨氧化,得到氧化裂解炭黑,
(2)加入酚醛树脂、偶联剂继续球磨改性,得到改性裂解炭黑。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)所述的裂解炭黑粒径为0.04~600μm;
步骤(2)所述的偶联剂为KH550、KH570、Si-60、KH590、A-171中一种或两种以上并用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)所述的研磨球直径1~10mm,球磨时间0.1~600min;
步骤(2)所述的研磨球直径1~10mm,球磨时间0.1~200min,球磨温度50~120℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述酚醛树脂的含量为裂解炭黑质量的0.1~8%;
所述偶联剂的含量为裂解炭黑质量的0.01~5%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)所述球磨氧化条件为空气、氧气、臭氧之一或其混合物。
6.一种改性裂解炭黑,采用权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法制得。
7.一种权利要求6所述的改性裂解炭黑在橡胶中的应用。
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