CN118121599A - Pha-543613在制备治疗癫痫的药物中的用途 - Google Patents
Pha-543613在制备治疗癫痫的药物中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了PHA‑543613在制备治疗癫痫的药物中的用途。本发明从体外细胞和动物模型两个维度,证明了特异性α7nAChR激动剂PHA‑543613对颞叶癫痫具有治疗作用。在过度兴奋性神经元细胞实验中,PHA‑543613展现出抗海马神经元凋亡、提升神经元活性的效果。在动物实验中,PHA‑543613能够降低40天的慢性颞叶癫痫模型成功率,且已成功颞叶癫痫模型的自发发作频率减少,自发发作强度减弱。PHA‑543613具备应用于颞叶癫痫临床治疗的前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物应用领域,具体涉及PHA-543613在制备治疗癫痫的药物中的用途。
背景技术
癫痫是世界卫生组织重点防治的五大神经精神疾病之一。在常见各类癫痫中,颞叶癫痫药物治疗效果最差,据统计,高达60-70%的颞叶癫痫发作未达到控制。手术仅针对有明确痫灶的患者开展,且长时间随访表明,术后仍有40%-50%患者继续发作,需继续药物治疗。更为棘手的是,近期大样本人群研究提示,近30年的抗癫痫药物发展并未能改善癫痫的发作控制率。颞叶癫痫长期频繁发作不仅影响患者的日常生活,更造成认知损害,影响社会功能,加重个人和家庭负担。因此,突破现有药物限制、寻找药物开发的新思路对改善颞叶癫痫的治疗效果至关重要。
一些来自临床和实验的证据表明α7烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nicotinicacetylcholine receptor,nAChR)可能是干预颞叶癫痫的靶点。最近Sharma等及Zheng等的研究发现,在戊四氮/匹罗卡品诱导的慢性颞叶癫痫鼠类模型中,使用nAChR激活剂氯化胆碱/野靛碱长期腹腔注射可显著降低模型的发作频率,降低皮质及海马的谷氨酸水平,提升GABA水平。但氯化胆碱或野靛碱在作用于α7nAChR的同时,还广泛作用于脑内的nAChR,产生胆碱能系统激活的副作用,比如野靛碱目前作为戒烟药物,常见的副作用为恶心、腹泻和睡眠障碍。用于癫痫治疗的药物开发时由于要作用于脑内,剂量可能更大,实际治疗中难以平衡其副作用和剂量的关系。需要使用特异性的α7nAChR激动剂,将治疗效应保留的同时,最大化的减少可能的副作用,为未来用于临床转化治疗提供更多的依据。
PHA-543613(N-[(3R)-1-氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛-3-基]呋喃[2,3-c]吡啶-5-甲酰胺盐酸盐,分子量271.31)是一种有效的、具有口服活性、可穿过血脑屏障和选择性的α7nAChR激动剂,自开发以来无胆碱能激动剂的潜在副作用报道,现用于阿尔茨海默病和精神分裂症的认知缺陷研究。由于α7nAChR与许多疾病发病机制相关,例如阿尔茨海默病(AD)、癫痫、精神分裂症、肺癌、帕金森病(PD)、炎症及动脉粥样硬化等,不同的α7nAChR激动剂对不同的神经性疾病作用效果和作用强度不同,并不是所有的a7 nAChR激动剂都能用于治疗神经性疾病,因此,目前还没有PHA-543613用于癫痫治疗的研究。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了PHA-543613在制备治疗癫痫的药物中的用途。
进一步地,所述药物是治疗颞叶癫痫的药物。
进一步地,所述药物是抗海马神经元凋亡的药物。
进一步地,所述药物是提升神经元活性的药物。
进一步地,所述药物是降低癫痫发作频率的药物。
进一步地,所述药物是减轻癫痫发作强度的药物。
进一步地,所述药物是以PHA-543613为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料制备而成的制剂。
更进一步地,所述制剂为口服制剂。
更进一步地,所述口服制剂为溶液剂、片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、混悬剂或膏剂。
本发明PHA-543613在制备治疗癫痫的药物中的用途,从体外细胞和动物模型两个维度,证明了特异性α7nAChR激动剂PHA-543613对颞叶癫痫具有治疗作用。在过度兴奋性神经元细胞实验中,PHA-543613展现出抗海马神经元凋亡、提升神经元活性的效果。在动物实验中,PHA-543613能够降低40天的慢性颞叶癫痫模型成功率,且已成功颞叶癫痫模型的自发发作频率减少,自发发作强度减弱。PHA-543613具备应用于颞叶癫痫临床治疗的前景。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
附图说明
图1海仁酸所致的神经元凋亡和PHA-543613的保护作用(左:正常海马神经元染色图;中:PBS处理对照组染色图:右:PHA-543613处理组染色图)
图2PHA-543613不同处理时长下对KA所致神经元活性状态改变和凋亡的干预效应(A:细胞细胞活力检测,B:细胞凋亡检测;图中KA为海仁酸加PBS处理组;KA-P为海仁酸加PHA-543613处理组;KA-α7I-P处理组为海仁酸处理后,α7nAChR拮抗剂MLA预处理后PHA-543613处理组)
图3不同处理组的模型成功率
图4不同处理组模型成功后SRS数目(A:不同处理组每只动物7日监测自发数目平均值差异,B:每只大鼠每日发作数目的分布情况)
图5不同处理组基线发作频率及处理14天后的发作频率
具体实施方式
实施例1PHA-543613治疗颞叶癫痫的研究
本实验分为两步,首先为研究PHA-543613对过度兴奋性海马神经元模型的作用效应,确定在体外细胞模型中PHA-543613具有降低异常兴奋电活动,改善神经元凋亡率和活性状态。在第一步实验结果的基础上,进一步研究在大鼠中,PHA-543613对海仁酸急性期致痫效果的影响和对海仁酸致痫的慢性癫痫模型的发作频率和发作强度影响,以综合评估PHA-543613对慢性颞叶癫痫的治疗作用。
1、PHA-543613对过度兴奋性海马神经元模型的作用效应
海仁酸(Kainic acid,KA)150μM溶于磷酸盐缓冲液处理原代培养的大鼠海马神经元24小时后,使用4μM PHA-543613分别干预24、48、72小时,作为PHA-543613处理组,在PHA-543613前20分钟采用α7nAChR拮抗剂美卡拉明(MLA)干预,作为KA-α7I-P处理组,以及仅使用磷酸盐缓冲液PBS干预,作为对照组。
首先采用经膜片钳全细胞记录电压钳模式(-80mV至-40mV)记录自发动作电流(sAC)的方法观察海仁酸处理24小时后的神经元异常兴奋电活动,确定为过度兴奋性神经元。之后,使用上述不同处理方式进行干预,采用Tunnel染色和CCK-8实验方法分别检测神经元凋亡率和活性状态,并进行组间效应对比,以明确PHA-543613的效应以及该效应是否由PHA-543613作用于α7nAChR而实现的。
在Hoechst33258的染色下,在海仁酸处理24小时后,不同干预方式均处理24小时时,PBS处理的对照组神经元呈现明显的细胞核浓聚、染色不均,而PHA-543613处理组的神经元细胞核浓聚,染色不均的情况明显减少。(见图1.48和72小时的染色图与24小时相似)。
与PBS处理对照组相比,在不同处理时长下,PHA-543613处理效应均显著(p均<0.05)(图2A,2B)。使用4μM PHA-543613处理海仁酸预处理过的海马神经元24小时后,相比于PBS处理对照组,细胞凋亡比例平均下降10.7%,活性状态改善121%。组间对比提示,三个处理时长对细胞凋亡的减少和对细胞活性的提升并无显著的统计学差异,但是对比三者的凋亡下降和细胞活性提升趋势,可见随处理时间加长有轻微的好转趋势。
2、在大鼠中,PHA-543613对海仁酸急性期致痫效果及对海仁酸致痫的慢性癫痫模型发作频率和发作强度的作用
1)PHA-543613处理显著降低慢性癫痫模型制备成功率
取体重180-250g的成年雄性SD大鼠,用海仁酸腹腔注射构建癫痫模型。海仁酸处理致痫3天后(急性处理期可能死亡,若此时采取PHA-543613处理会增加额外的混杂因素,因此设定3天后再进行不同处理方式干预),分别采取6mg/Kg PHA-543613、5mg/Kg MLA+6mg/Kg PHA-543613和生理盐水腹腔注射14天,40天后经两天连续24小时录像记录评估达到自发反复发作(Spontaneous repetitive seizure,SRS)(出现大于等于2次SRS即认定为造模成功),计算造模成功率。(每次每组6只,共进行2次试验)。
不同处理方式的癫痫模型急性期情况见图3,从图中可见:PHA-543613处理组模型成功率为54.5%,显著低于MLA+PHA-543613处理组(80%)和生理盐水对照组(81.8%)。
2)PHA-543613处理显著降低成功模型慢性自发期自发发作数目
海仁酸注射造模的过程中,注射流程后会有急性发作,有些动物会死亡,存活的动物在数天内发作会消失,数周后逐渐再次出现发作,即进入了慢性反复发作期(即模型成功);若数周后未再次出现发作,即为模型失败。
经评估已达到自发发作状态的成功模型均进行7*24小时的发作记录,对比不同处理组的SRS数目差异。
图4A展示的为不同处理组每只动物7日监测自发数目平均值差异,图4B展示的为每只大鼠每日发作数目的分布情况,1-6号为PHA-543613处理组,7-14号为MLA+PHA-543613处理组,15-23号为生理盐水对照组。综合可见,PHA-543613处理组和另外两组均存在显著差异,即:即使模型成功,PHA-543613处理组的自发数目也显著低于另外两组,提示了在海仁酸急性处理导致颞叶神经元损伤后,PHA-543613处理可以发挥神经元保护作用,降低后续成熟模型癫痫发作的严重程度。
3)PHA-543613处理显著降低慢性颞叶癫痫大鼠模型的发作频率和强度
对海仁酸成功诱导产生自发发作的慢性癫痫模型稳定7天后,记录基线发作数据,随后分组(每组6只)进行腹腔注射PHA-543613(6mg/kg)处理、5mg/kg MLA(在PHA-543613前30分钟)+PHA-543613(6mg/kg)和5mg/kg MLA以及生理盐水处理14天,根据录像发作行为学评估及分级,观察14天后各处理组的发作数目及发作强度情况。
具体结果见图5,从图中可见:4组的基线发作频率(6只平均)分别为8.0次,8.2次,7.8次,8.3次。经四组不同处理后,14天后每组平均发作数目为PHA-543613组6.5次,9.3次,9.8次,9.6次。PHA-543613组的发作频率相较其余三组显著减少(P<0.001),且其效应与α7nAChR的激活相关。
根据上述实验结果,从体外细胞和动物模型两个维度为特异性α7nAChR激动剂PHA-543613处理对颞叶癫痫的保护作用提供了依据。在过度兴奋性神经元细胞实验中,PHA-543613展现出抗海马神经元凋亡、提升神经元活性的效果。在动物实验中,急性海仁酸处理进行造模7天后,PHA-543613处理能够降低40天的慢性模型成功率,且已成功模型的自发发作数目显著低于未处理组。进一步地,在已有稳定发作的慢性颞叶癫痫模型中,PHA-543613处理组的发作数目明显低于未处理组,且PHA-543613的处理效应与α7nAChR的激活相关。上述实验结果展示出PHA-543613对慢性颞叶癫痫动物模型癫痫发作的减少效果,为进一步实验数据积累、作为临床颞叶癫痫治疗药物的开发可能提供了依据。
Claims (9)
1.PHA-543613在制备治疗癫痫的药物中的用途。
2.如权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于:所述药物是治疗颞叶癫痫的药物。
3.如权利要求2所述的用途,其特征在于:所述药物是抗海马神经元凋亡的药物。
4.如权利要求2所述的用途,其特征在于:所述药物是提升神经元活性的药物。
5.如权利要求2所述的用途,其特征在于:所述药物是降低癫痫发作频率的药物。
6.如权利要求2所述的用途,其特征在于:所述药物是减轻癫痫发作强度的药物。
7.如权利要求1~6任一项所述的用途,其特征在于:所述药物是以PHA-543613为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料制备而成的制剂。
8.如权利要求7所述的用途,其特征在于:所述制剂为口服制剂。
9.如权利要求8所述的用途,其特征在于:所述口服制剂为溶液剂、片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、混悬剂或膏剂。
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