CN118091146A - 基于血液代谢物的神经退行性疾病标志物及其应用 - Google Patents
基于血液代谢物的神经退行性疾病标志物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物技术领域,具体涉及一种基于血液代谢物的神经退行性疾病标志物及其应用。本方案提供的生物标志物具有高灵敏度、高准确度的特点,将其质谱峰强度值作为检测指标,能够以检测精确度高、方便快捷以及安全无创的方式为神经退行性疾病的临床早期辅助诊断提供重要参考。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域,具体涉及一种基于血液代谢物的神经退行性疾病标志物及其应用。
背景技术
神经退行性疾病是神经元结构或功能逐渐丧失导致功能障碍的一类疾病,包括阿尔兹海默症(Alzheimerdisease,AD)、帕金森病(Parkinson’sdisease,PD)、亨廷顿氏病(Huntingtondisease,HD)、肌萎缩侧索硬化症(Amyotrophiclateralsclerosis,ALS,俗称渐冻人症)以及脊髓性肌萎缩症(Spinalmuscularatrophy,SMA)等。神经退行性疾病的发生严重影响了患者的生活与社交,目前已成为影响全球的重大公共健康问题。其中,阿尔兹海默症和帕金森病主要发生于中、老年,亨廷顿氏病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症以及脊髓性肌萎缩症在各年龄都可能发生。随着社会发展,生活节奏加快、工作压力变大、饮食与作息不规律等诸多因素导致阿尔兹海默症和帕金森病的患病人群日趋年轻化,原本多于65岁后发病,现在却有不少50多岁甚至40多岁的人患病。此外,由于神经退行性疾病的发病机制尚未完全明确,加上其早期症状比较隐秘,导致患者容易被漏诊或错诊。
以阿尔兹海默症为例,这种发生于老年期的进行性发展的中枢神经系统退行性变性疾病,以渐进性记忆障碍、认知功能下降以及日常生活能力丧失为特征,并伴随有人格改变等神经精神症状。现阶段对阿尔兹海默症的筛查主要通过神经心理学量表、影像学检查以及生化指标检查结果。然而,不同检测方式均有其局限性。比如,记忆量表能够用于评估临床症状,但诊断的灵敏度和特异性较低。又比如,正电子发射型计算机断层显像具有无创、在体、实时等优势,但检测成本较高。
为此,人们研究了多样的生物标志物,即可以标记系统、器官、组织、细胞及亚细胞结构或功能的改变或可能发生的改变的生化指标,以获知机体当前所处生物学状态,从而为神经退行性疾病的预防、早期诊断和治疗提供参考。以阿尔兹海默症为例,目前被广泛接受的生物标志物有脑脊液中的β-淀粉样蛋白和磷酸化tau蛋白,但脑脊液采集具有创伤性,限制了其临床应用。进一步地,研究转向了获取方便、侵入性小的血液,希望能以快速、非侵入且成本低廉的策略完成阿尔兹海默症的早期诊断。
近年来,基因组学、转录组学、蛋白组学及代谢组学等高通量组学技术快速发展,使得新型生物标志物的研发更进一步。其中,代谢组学利用磁共振波谱和质谱等技术监测代谢产物图谱的动态变化,有效筛选了疾病相关生物标志物,因而在阐明神经退行性疾病的分子致病机制及其导致的病理生理变化上展现出了广阔的应用前景。血液中含有蛋白质、多肽、核酸、脂质和其他代谢物,能够帮助阐明神经退行性疾病的复杂性和异质性。因此,基于血液中的代谢物筛选神经退行性疾病早期诊断生物标志物,预期可以提高疾病诊断的准确性,有助于疾病的早期预警、病理分型以及发展阶段的预测评估等。然而,基于血液代谢物,寻找具有高灵敏度、高准确度的潜在生物标志物仍是一项困难的工作。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术不足,解决上述背景技术中提到的现有基于血液代谢物的神经退行性疾病生物标志物灵敏度和准确度较低问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明的第一方面,提供一种神经退行性疾病生物标志物,包括N-乙酰-L-酪氨酸、鸟氨酸、L-胱氨酸、L-组氨酸、羧甲基半胱氨酸、7-脱氢胆酸、β-猪去氧胆酸、熊去氧胆酸、胆酸、β-鼠胆酸、2-羟基己酸、二十二烷酸、花生酸、吲哚-3-乳酸、吲哚丙烯酸中的任意一种或多种。
优选地,所述神经退行性疾病生物标志物为7-脱氢胆酸、β-猪去氧胆酸、熊去氧胆酸、胆酸、β-鼠胆酸、二十二烷酸、花生酸中任意一种和鸟氨酸、羧甲基半胱氨酸、吲哚丙烯酸以及吲哚-3-乳酸的组合。
本发明的第二方面,提供一种试剂盒,包括检测工具和说明书,所述说明书记载了诊断受试者的流程和指标,其特征在于,所述检测工具由用于测定所述神经退行性疾病生物标志物的工具组成。
在一些实施例中,所述说明书记载了以下诊断流程:S1、测定来自受试者的生物样品中所述神经退行性疾病生物标志物的水平;和S2、基于所述神经退行性疾病生物标志物的水平,以高的特异性辅助确定或诊断神经退行性疾病的存在或发生神经退行性疾病的风险。
在一些实施例中,所述步骤S2包括将所述生物样品中所述生物标志物的水平与所述生物标志物的参比水平进行比较,其中所述参比水平是从未患有神经退行性疾病的群体获得的平均水平。
在一些实施例中,所述步骤S2中,选自以下任意一种或多种指示神经退行性疾病的存在或发生神经退行性疾病的风险:N-乙酰-L-酪氨酸的减少、鸟氨酸的减少、L-胱氨酸的减少、L-组氨酸的减少、羧甲基半胱氨酸的增多、7-脱氢胆酸的增多、β-猪去氧胆酸的增多、熊去氧胆酸的增多、胆酸的增多、β-鼠胆酸的增多、2-羟基己酸的减少、二十二烷酸的增多、花生酸的增多、吲哚-3-乳酸的减少、吲哚丙烯酸的减少。
在一些实施例中,所述说明书记载了以所述神经退行性疾病生物标志物的质谱峰高度值和/或质谱峰面积值作为诊断指标。
在一些实施例中,所述生物样品选自血液。
优选地,所述生物样品选自血清。
本发明的第三方面,提供一种神经退行性疾病生物标志物在制备筛选治疗或预防神经退行性疾病药物、辅助诊断受试者中神经退行性疾病、和/或辅助确定受试者中神经退行性疾病发生风险的试剂或试剂盒中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是本方案所提供的神经退行性疾病生物标志物,能够用于神经退行性疾病的症状辅助判断,具有检测精确度高、方便快捷以及安全无创的特点,对辅助诊断出神经退行性疾病相关指标具有重要的临床指导意义。
附图说明
图1为7-脱氢胆酸含量图;
图2为7-脱氢胆酸含量均值对比图;
图3为β-猪去氧胆酸含量图;
图4为β-猪去氧胆酸含量均值对比图;
图5为熊去氧胆酸含量图;
图6为熊去氧胆酸含量均值对比图;
图7为胆酸含量图;
图8为胆酸含量均值对比图;
图9为β-鼠胆酸含量图;
图10为β-鼠胆酸含量均值对比图;
图11为二十二烷酸含量图;
图12为二十二烷酸含量均值对比图;
图13为花生酸含量图;
图14为花生酸含量均值对比图;
图15为鸟氨酸含量图;
图16为鸟氨酸含量均值对比图;
图17为羧甲基半胱氨酸含量图;
图18为羧甲基半胱氨酸含量均值对比图;
图19为吲哚丙烯酸含量图;
图20为吲哚丙烯酸含量均值对比图;
图21为吲哚-3-乳酸含量图;
图22为吲哚-3-乳酸含量均值对比图;
图23为N-乙酰-L-酪氨酸含量图;
图24为N-乙酰-L-酪氨酸含量均值对比图;
图25为L-胱氨酸含量图;
图26为L-胱氨酸含量均值对比图;
图27为L-组氨酸含量图;
图28为L-组氨酸含量均值对比图;
图29为2-羟基己酸含量图;
图30为2-羟基己酸含量均值对比图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施方式对本专利的技术方案作进一步详细地说明,应该指出,以下详细说明都是示例性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
本发明试验及仪器来源:AB5500/6500Q-trap质谱仪购于AB SCIEX公司。Agilent1290InfinityLC超高压液相色谱仪购于Agilent公司。低温高速离心机5430R购于Eppendorf公司。色谱柱购于Waters公司,共有两种:ACQUITYUPLCBEHAmide1.7μm,2.1mm×100mmcolumn;ACQUITYUPLCBEHC181.7μm,2.1mm×100mmcolumn。乙腈购于Merck公司,产品编号为1499230-935。乙酸铵购于Sigma公司,产品编号为73594。甲醇购于Fisher公司,产品编号为A456-4。氨水购于Sigma公司,产品编号为221228。甲酸铵购于Sigma公司,产品编号为70221。甲酸购于Sigma公司,产品编号为00940。同位素标准品购于CambridgeIsotopeLaboratories公司。
需要说明的是,本发明中所述灵敏度(Sensitivity,也称真阳性率)是指在实际为阳性的样本中将其判断为阳性的比例,即能将实际患病的病例正确地判断为患病的能力。特异度(Specificity,也称真阴性率)是指在实际为阴性的样本中将其判断为阴性的比例,即能正确判断实际未患病的病例的能力。准确度(Accuracy,也称效率)则用真阳性与真阴性总数占受试者总数的百分率表示。
本发明提供一种基于血液代谢物的高灵敏度、高准确度的神经退行性疾病生物标志物。该组合共含15种血液代谢标志物,以其质谱峰强度值作为检测指标,能够用于神经退行性疾病的症状辅助判断。因其具有检测精确度高、方便快捷以及安全无创的特点,所以对辅助诊断神经退行性疾病具有重要的临床指导意义。
基于上述生物标志物,本发明提供一种试剂盒,包括检测工具和说明书,其中检测工具由用于测定神经退行性疾病生物标志物的工具组成,说明书记载了诊断受试者的流程和指标。诊断流程包括:测定来自受试者的血清中神经退行性疾病生物标志物的水平;基于神经退行性疾病生物标志物的水平,以高的特异性辅助确定或诊断神经退行性疾病的存在或发生神经退行性疾病的风险。
下文将以阿尔兹海默症为例介绍具体生物标志物的检测流程和结果。
实施例1:样品提取和预处理
将9月龄的小鼠分为两组,一组为阿尔兹海默症雄性模型小鼠血清组,即SerumTransgenic(STG)组,共10只;另一组为WT野生型血清对照组,即SerumWildType(SWT)组,共9只。
取适量从阿尔兹海默症患病个体和正常健康对照供体中采集的血清样品,加入预冷的甲醇/乙腈/水溶液,其中甲醇、乙腈、水的体积比为2:2:1。之后进行涡旋混合并于低温下超声30min,而后在-20℃静置10min,于14,000×g、4℃的条件下离心20min,取上清液进行真空干燥,得到预处理样品。
实施例2:LC-MS/MS分析
(1)质谱分析样品的制备。
质谱分析时,向实施例1得到的预处理样品中加入100μL乙腈水溶液复溶,其中乙腈和水的体积比为1:1。之后经涡旋混合在14,000×g、4℃的条件下离心15min,并取上清液进样分析。
(2)LC-MS/MS条件。
血液代谢物的定性定量信息基于靶向代谢组学分析技术,采用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用仪(UHPLCQ-TRAP/MS)进行检测。该技术具有高选择能力和高灵敏度,使用针对性开发的样品制备及色谱分离方法,能够定性和定量分析三百多种常见的肠道菌群代谢产物。
色谱条件。采用Agilent1290InfinityLC型超高效液相色谱系统搭配HILIC和C18色谱柱分离样品。HILIC色谱柱柱温35℃,流速0.3mL/min,进样量2μL;流动相A为水、100mM乙酸铵和1.2%氨水,流动相B为乙腈;洗脱梯度:0-1.0min为85%B相,1.0-3.0min B相从85%线性变化至80%,3.0-4.0min为80%B相,4.0-6.0minB相从80%线性变化至70%,6.0-10.0minB相从70%线性变化至50%,10-12.5minB相维持在50%,12.5-12.6minB相从50%线性变化至85%,12.6-18minB相维持在85%。C18色谱柱柱温40℃,流速0.4mL/min,进样量2μL;流动相A为水、50mM甲酸铵和0.4%甲酸,流动相B为甲醇;洗脱梯度:0-5minB相从5%线性变化至60%,5-11minB相从60%线性变化至100%,11-13minB相维持在100%,13-13.1min B相从100%线性变化至5%,13.1-16minB相维持在5%;整个分析过程中样品置于4℃自动进样器中。为避免仪器检测信号波动带来的影响,采用随机顺序进行样本的连续分析。样本队列中插入QC样品,即混合相同体积的所有待检测样本后按照与待测样本相同的前处理方法得到的样本,用于监测和评价系统的稳定性及实验数据的可靠性。
质谱条件。质谱仪为ABSCIEX公司的AB6500QTRAP系统。采用电喷雾离子源(ESI)作为离子化方式,参数设置如下:鞘气温度350℃;干燥气温度350℃;鞘气流速11L/min;干燥气流速10L/min;毛细管电压正离子模式下为4000V,负离子模式下为-3500V;喷嘴电压500V;雾化压力30psi;采用质谱多反应监测(MultipleReaction Monitoring,MRM)。
数据分析。使用MultiQuant或Analyst软件对MRM原始数据进行峰提取,得到各物质的峰面积和内标峰面积的比值,并根据标准曲线计算含量。
(3)结果分析。
如图1-13所示,对两组小鼠进行组间差异对比分析,可以发现AD组小鼠如下几种代谢物水平与对照组相比有显著差异,说明了该部分代谢物对于阿尔兹海默症模型的区分有重要作用:N-乙酰-L-酪氨酸(N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine)、鸟氨酸(Ornithine)、L-胱氨酸(L-Cystine)、L-组氨酸(L-Histidine)、羧甲基半胱氨酸(S-Methyl-L-cysteine)、7-脱氢胆酸(7-Dehydrocholicacid)、β-猪去氧胆酸(Beta-Hyodeoxycholicacid)、熊去氧胆酸(Ursodeoxycholicacid)、胆酸(Cholicacid)、β-鼠胆酸(Beta-Muricholicacid)、2-羟基己酸(2-Hydroxycaproicacid)、二十二烷酸(Docosanoicacid)、花生酸(Arachidicacid)、吲哚-3-乳酸(Indole-3-lacticacid)、吲哚丙烯酸(Indoleacrylicacid)。
具体来讲,如图1-14所示,患阿尔兹海默症小鼠血清中7-脱氢胆酸、β-猪去氧胆酸、熊去氧胆酸、胆酸、β-鼠胆酸、二十二烷酸和花生酸在各自衡量维度下均呈现增多的趋势。同时,这7种生物标志物整体有同步协调的变化,在实际应用中,可有选择性地择一或多进行检测,以节省成本和时间。此外,图15-22所展示的鸟氨酸减少、羧甲基半胱氨酸增多、吲哚丙烯酸减少以及吲哚-3-乳酸减少情况,指示受试者存在阿尔兹海默症或具有发生阿尔兹海默症的风险。图23-30分别为N-乙酰-L-酪氨酸、L-胱氨酸、L-组氨酸、2-羟基己酸含量情况,患阿尔兹海默症小鼠的此部分生物标志物含量平均值相对于未患疾病小鼠有减少趋势,提示受试者存在患阿尔兹海默症的风险。
进一步地,对以上代谢物进行分类分析,发现N-乙酰-L-酪氨酸、鸟氨酸、L-胱氨酸、L-组氨酸、羧甲基半胱氨酸属于氨基酸,7-脱氢胆酸、β-猪去氧胆酸、熊去氧胆酸、胆酸、β-鼠胆酸则属于胆汁酸,2-羟基己酸、二十二烷酸、花生酸属于脂肪酸,吲哚-3-乳酸、吲哚丙烯酸属于吲哚类。这些结果提示AD患者体内存在氨基酸类、胆汁酸类、脂肪酸类以及吲哚类衍生物等多种代谢通路的异常,而血液代谢物水平变化可能反映阿尔兹海默症患者脑中相关代谢通路的异常,对临床早期诊断具有重要意义。
此外,帕金森患者体内也存在氨基酸和脂肪酸代谢异常。同时,血浆胆汁酸的变化与帕金森病密切相关,提示胆汁酸可作为早期诊断和追踪帕金森病进展的可见生物标志物。
本发明以15种血液代谢标志物的质谱峰强度值作为检测靶点或评估指标,能够用于神经退行性疾病的症状辅助判断,具有检测精确度高、方便快捷以及安全无创的特点,对辅助诊断出神经退行性疾病相关指标具有重要的临床指导意义。
以上所述仅是本发明的一些实施方式。对于本领域技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种神经退行性疾病生物标志物,其特征在于,所述生物标志物包括:N-乙酰-L-酪氨酸、鸟氨酸、L-胱氨酸、L-组氨酸、羧甲基半胱氨酸、7-脱氢胆酸、β-猪去氧胆酸、熊去氧胆酸、胆酸、β-鼠胆酸、2-羟基己酸、二十二烷酸、花生酸、吲哚-3-乳酸、吲哚丙烯酸中的任意一种或多种。
2.根据权利要求1所述神经退行性疾病生物标志物,其特征在于,所述生物标志物为7-脱氢胆酸、β-猪去氧胆酸、熊去氧胆酸、胆酸、β-鼠胆酸、二十二烷酸、花生酸中任意一种和鸟氨酸、羧甲基半胱氨酸、吲哚丙烯酸以及吲哚-3-乳酸的组合。
3.一种试剂盒,包括检测工具和说明书,所述说明书记载了诊断受试者的流程和指标,其特征在于,所述检测工具由用于测定权利要求1或2所述神经退行性疾病生物标志物的工具组成。
4.根据权利要求2所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述说明书记载了以下诊断流程:
S1、测定来自受试者的生物样品中所述神经退行性疾病生物标志物的水平;和
S2、基于所述神经退行性疾病生物标志物的水平,以高的特异性辅助确定或诊断神经退行性疾病的存在或发生神经退行性疾病的风险。
5.根据权利要求3所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述步骤S2包括将所述生物样品中所述生物标志物的水平与所述生物标志物的参比水平进行比较,其中所述参比水平是从未患有神经退行性疾病的群体获得的平均水平。
6.根据权利要求4所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中,选自以下任意一种或多种指示神经退行性疾病的存在或发生神经退行性疾病的风险:N-乙酰-L-酪氨酸的减少、鸟氨酸的减少、L-胱氨酸的减少、L-组氨酸的减少、羧甲基半胱氨酸的增多、7-脱氢胆酸的增多、β-猪去氧胆酸的增多、熊去氧胆酸的增多、胆酸的增多、β-鼠胆酸的增多、2-羟基己酸的减少、二十二烷酸的增多、花生酸的增多、吲哚-3-乳酸的减少、吲哚丙烯酸的减少。
7.根据权利要求2所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述说明书记载了以所述神经退行性疾病生物标志物的质谱峰高度值和/或质谱峰面积值作为诊断指标。
8.根据权利要求2所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述生物样品选自血液。
9.根据权利要求8所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述生物样品选自血清。
10.权利要求1或2所述神经退行性疾病生物标志物在制备筛选治疗或预防神经退行性疾病药物、
辅助诊断受试者中神经退行性疾病、
和/或辅助确定受试者中神经退行性疾病发生风险的试剂或试剂盒中的应用。
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