CN118086379A - 一种基于基因编辑技术改良毛白杨生物性状的方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种基于基因编辑技术改良毛白杨生物性状的方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于基因编辑技术改良毛白杨生物性状的方法及应用,属于植物分子生物技术,采用基因编辑方法,对PtoERECTA设计4个靶位点进行基因编辑,获得敲除载体,经根癌农杆菌侵染法转化野生型毛白杨后获得转基因植株,经后续阳性鉴定筛选出敲除PtoERECTA的转基因株系的转基因株系。结果发现,与同时期野生型相比,敲除PtoERECTA的转基因植株,茎杆变粗,地上生物量显著提高,并且木质部层数层数更多,木质部占比更多;本发明培育出了高生物量的优质杨树品种,该发明对将来分子育种培养优良杨树具有重大意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及植物分子生物技术领域,具体涉及一种基于基因编辑技术改良毛白杨生物性状的方法及应用。
背景技术
随着我国环保战略的推进,我国木材的产量一直呈现出下降的趋势。我国拥有大面积的杨树人工林,杨树作为重要的经济林,其木材在能源、建筑和造纸等行业具有十分重要的经济价值。与此同时人工林已经成为了世界木材加工和利用的主要来源,大力发展人工林是林学未来的发展趋势,也是森林资源结构和木材供应变化的必然结果。提高木材产量已经成为当前林木遗传育种的主要目标。杨树作为我国种植面积最大的人工林树种,承担着尤为重要的生态功能和经济功能。我国目前的木材产量不足,大多依赖进口,难以满足产业需要,在林木中需要鉴定出可提升木材产量的关键靶基因,从而实现杨树高效育种、提升种业创新能力。
木材的增粗主要来自于植物茎的次生发育,维管形成层向外分化形成韧皮部和向内分化形成木质部。从形成层释放出来的细胞经过体积增大,细胞壁加厚,最终发育为成熟的木质部细胞。木质部发育受到多种因子的共同调节,除植物激素、氮素、气象因子等,类受体激酶也在木材的发育过程中扮演重要角色。目前在林木发育中,富含亮氨酸重复受体样激酶PtoERECTA基因是否参与调控木质部发育过程,仍然未知。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种基于基因编辑技术改良毛白杨生物性状的方法;本发明的目的之二在于提供一种敲除PtoERECTA基因在改良毛白杨生物性状中的应用。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
1、一种基于基因编辑技术改良毛白杨生物性状的方法,所述改良毛白杨生物性状为提高木质部细胞层数或提高木质部占比或促进茎杆变粗或提高地上部分生物量,包括如下步骤:
(1)构建植物敲除载体:在野生型毛白杨中对PtoERECTA基因设计4个靶位点进行基因编辑,获得敲除载体。
(2)毛白杨的遗传转化:采用农杆菌介导的叶盘法转化野生型毛白杨叶片;
(3)转基因植株分子检测:以转基因植株的基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增方法检测选出一些敲除PtoERECTA的性状改良的转基因株系。
作为本发明优选的技术方案,步骤(1)中,所述对PtoERECTA基因设计4个靶位的方法为:参照SEQ ID NO.1所示序列,选取NGG上游第20碱基是A或G的序列优先选为靶序列,设计了PtoERECTA基因敲除载体的4个靶位点,并根据4个靶序列设计靶点引物接头,如下所示:
AtU3bT1F:gtcaGGGGAGATATCACCTGCAAT(SEQ ID No.3);
AtU3bT1R:aaacATTGCAGGTGATATCTCCCC(SEQ ID No.4);
AtU3dT2F:gtcaCACTGAGTCTGTTCTGCGCC(SEQ ID No.5);
AtU3dT2R:aaacGGCGCAGAACAGACTCAGTG(SEQ ID No.6);
AtU6-1T3F:attgGGGGATGGATCCAGTCAGC(SEQ ID No.7);
AtU6-1T3R:aaacGCTGACTGGATCCATCCCC(SEQ ID No.8);
AtU6-29T4F:attgTATCAGGAATAGGCCCTTCA(SEQ ID No.9);
AtU6-29T4R:aaacTGAAGGGCCTATTCCTGATA(SEQ ID No.10)。
作为本发明优选的技术方案,步骤(1)中,所述敲除载体构建过程为将SEQ IDNO.3~10所示序列合成靶点接头引物,制备靶点接头;再通过2轮巢式PCR将靶点引物接头与gRNA表达盒进行连接;最后通过边切边连方式将gRNA表达盒连入pYLCRISPR/Cas9-DH载体。
2、敲除PtoERECTA基因在改良毛白杨生物性状中的应用。
作为本发明优选的技术方案,所述改良毛白杨生物性状为提高木质部细胞层数或提高木质部占比或促进茎杆变粗或提高地上部分生物量。
作为本发明优选的技术方案,编码所述PtoERECTA基因的氨基酸序列为SEQ IDNo.2所示。
作为本发明更优选的技术方案,编码所述PtoERECTA基因的核苷酸序列为SEQ IDNo.1所示。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明公开了敲除富含亮氨酸重复受体样激酶的PtoERECTA基因在提高毛白杨生物量中的应用,所述富含亮氨酸重复受体样激酶的PtoERECTA基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示,采用基因编辑方法,经根癌农杆菌侵染法转化野生型毛白杨后获得转基因植株,经后续阳性鉴定筛选出敲除PtoERECTA的转基因株系的转基因株系。结果发现,与同时期野生型相比,敲除PtoERECTA的转基因植株,茎杆变粗,地上生物量显著提高;并且与野生型相比敲除株系木质部层数层数更多,木质部占比更多。本发明提供的培育技术方法,培育出了高生物量的优质杨树品种。该发明对将来分子育种培养优良杨树具有重大意义。
附图说明
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚,本发明提供如下附图进行说明:
图1为转基因植株PCR检测(DNA检测);
图2为PtoERECTA-KO转基因植株敲除鉴定;
图3为PtoERECTA-KO转基因植株生物量分析;
A是野生型毛白杨和PtoERECTA-KO转基因植株地上整体表型;B是野生型毛白杨和PtoERECTA-KO转基因植株株高;C是野生型植株和PtoERECTA-KO转基因植株地上部分干重和鲜重测定;D是野生型毛白杨和PtoERECTA-KO转基因植株茎秆粗细;E是野生型毛白杨和PtoERECTA-KO转基因植株节间长度。
图4为PtoERECTA-KO转基因植株木质部分析;
A是野生型毛白杨和PtoERECTA-KO转基因植株木质部表型分析;B是野生型毛白杨和PtoERECTA-KO转基因植株木质部占比表型分析;C是野生型毛白杨和PtoERECTA-KO转基因植株木质部层数统计分析;D是野生型毛白杨和PtoERECTA-KO转基因植株木质部占比统计分析。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,以使本领域的技术人员可以更好的理解本发明并能予以实施,但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1、激素、抗生素和培养基配置方法
(1)抗生素、激素
表1.抗生素、激素配置方法
(2)培养基
培养基配置方法如下表2所示。
表2.WPM培养基(1L配方)
调pH至5.80~5.85,再加琼脂,最后121℃高压蒸汽灭菌20min,灭菌之后添加激素和抗生素。
细菌培养基的配置方法如下表3所示。
表3.细菌培养基(1L配方)
固体培养基加12-15g琼脂,121℃高压蒸汽灭菌20min。
(3)其他试剂
表4.50×TAE电泳缓冲液
调pH至8.0。
0.1mol/L CaCl2溶液:取2.1908g CaCl2·6H2O溶于100mL蒸馏水中,121℃高压灭菌20min,于4℃保存;
CTAB提取液:100M Tris-HCl调pH至8.0,20mM EDTA,1.4M NaCl,2%PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)。121℃,高压灭菌20min后室温保存。灭菌后加入3%β-巯基乙醇;
Solution I:10mmol/L EDTA调pH至8.0,50mmol/L葡萄糖,25mmol/L Tris-Cl调pH至8.0,121℃高压蒸汽灭菌20min,于4℃保存;
Solution II:1%SDS,0.2mol/L NaOH;
Solution III:23mL冰醋酸,120mL5mol/L KAc,加水定容至200mL,121℃高压蒸汽灭菌20min,于4℃保存;
甲苯胺蓝染液:取0.5g甲苯胺蓝粉末溶解于100mL蒸馏水中,充分溶解。
实施例2、载体构建及遗传转化
(1)载体构建
为构建CRISPR-Cas9敲除载体,先以毛果杨PtrERECTA基因组序列为参考序列设计引物扩增PtoERECTA序列,全长序列如SEQ ID No.1所示,氨基酸序列序列如SEQ ID No.2所示。参照SEQ ID NO.1所示序列,选取NGG上游第20碱基是A或G的序列优先选为靶序列,设计了PtoERECTA基因敲除载体的4个靶位点,并根据4个靶序列设计靶点引物接头,如下所示:
AtU3bT1F:gtcaGGGGAGATATCACCTGCAAT(SEQ ID No.3)
AtU3bT1R:aaacATTGCAGGTGATATCTCCCC(SEQ ID No.4)
AtU3dT2F:gtcaCACTGAGTCTGTTCTGCGCC(SEQ ID No.5)
AtU3dT2R:aaacGGCGCAGAACAGACTCAGTG(SEQ ID No.6)
AtU6-1T3F:attgGGGGATGGATCCAGTCAGC(SEQ ID No.7)
AtU6-1T3R:aaacGCTGACTGGATCCATCCCC(SEQ ID No.8)
AtU6-29T4F:attgTATCAGGAATAGGCCCTTCA(SEQ ID No.9)
AtU6-29T4R:aaacTGAAGGGCCTATTCCTGATA(SEQ ID No.10);
将SEQ ID NO.3~10所示序列合成靶点接头引物,制备靶点接头;通过边切边连的方式将AtU3bT1、AtU3dT2、AtU6-1T3、AtU6-29T4靶点接头分别连接到pYLgRNA-AtU3b、pYLgRNA-AtU3d、pYLgRNA-AtU6-1、pYLgRNA-AtU6-29载体上,得到gRNA表达盒连接物。再通过2轮巢式PCR扩增gRNA表达盒。最后通过边切边连方式将gRNA表达盒连入pYLCRISPR/Cas9-DH载体上。连接到pYLCRISPR/Cas9-DH载体上后转化大肠杆菌DH5α(转化方法如下),筛选阳性克隆,然后提取质粒做PCR检测和酶切验证,测序,得到含有PtrERECTA靶点的CRISPR-Cas9载体,命名为PtoERECTA-KO载体。将PtoERECTA-KO载体转化GV3101农杆菌(转化方法如下),筛选阳性克隆。
(2)大肠杆菌(DH5α)转化方法
1)从-80℃冰箱取出大肠DH5α感受态细胞,置于冰上融解;
2)在超净工作台中,将连接产物/质粒(PtoERECTA-KO载体)加入感受态细胞中,轻柔敲打混匀,放置于冰上冰浴20-30min;
3)42℃水浴锅中水浴90s,中途不能摇动;
4)水浴结束后快速转移到冰浴中,使细胞冷却1-2min;
5)在超净工作台中,加800μl LB空培养基,然后用保鲜膜包好放入37℃200r/min摇床中摇晃60min;
6)在高速离心机中用4000-5000rpm,离心4min;
7)在超净工作台中,吸上清,重悬感受态细胞,并转移到含有相应抗生素的LB培养基上,涂布均匀;
8)放入37℃大肠培养箱中倒置培养,大约12-16h后出现大肠杆菌单菌落。
(3)农杆菌(GV3101)转化
1)从-80℃冰箱取出农杆GV3101感受态细胞冰上融化,加入5μl质粒,轻柔敲打混匀,放置于冰上冰浴5min;
2)液氮速冻1min,速冻后转移到37℃水浴5min;
3)水浴结束后放于冰浴中放置5min;
4)加入800μl YEP(空+Rif:20mg/ml)液体培养基;
5)用保鲜膜包好放入28℃200r/min摇床中培养4h;
6)用高速离心机4000g离心5min,去掉多余上清,重悬感受态细胞,并转移到含有相应抗生素的YEP培养基上,涂布均匀;
7)放入28℃农杆培养箱中倒置培养,大约2天后出现农杆菌单菌落。
将构建好的PtoERECTA-KO载体转入GV3101农杆菌后,然后利用农杆菌侵染毛白杨叶盘,随后逐步诱导愈伤和丛生芽,最终获得再生植株。
(4)农杆菌侵染叶盘法转化毛白杨
1)挑农杆菌单菌落,接种在30-50ml YEP液体培养基中,28℃,200r/min震荡培养过夜,至OD600为0.2-0.4。
2)将活化过夜的农杆菌按1:100-1:500的比例接种在锥形瓶中,培养至OD600为0.2-0.4。
3)将上一步的农杆菌液加入50ml离心管(已灭菌)中,5000r/min,离心10分钟,弃上清,加入10mL WPM重悬液(1.99g WPM粉,30g蔗糖,1mLCa2+/L,灭菌后加1mL AS(100μmol/mL)混匀,然后加20mL-30mL WPM重悬液,移入圆口瓶,在28℃,200r/min震荡培养40分钟。
4)取杨树无菌叶片,切成4-6mm,叶盘加入无菌瓶中。
5)将切好的叶盘加入第三步震荡培养40分钟后的WPM重悬液,侵染10分钟,期间间隔3-5分钟,轻微震荡。
6)取出外植体用无菌滤纸吸去附着的菌液,接种在共培养基上,随后逐步诱导愈伤和丛生芽,最终获得再生植株。两天后,将共培养的外植体转移到选择培养基上,于25℃暗培养,每隔7-10天更换选择培养基一次,待转化的外植体长出愈伤组织。大概一月左右后,将边缘长出愈伤组织的外植体转移到生芽培养基上,25℃光照培养,每隔15天换培养基。两个月左右后将长出的丛生芽用无菌剪剪下,插入生根培养基中,25℃光照培养,一月后长成完整植株。
实施例3、敲除植株的筛选
用CTAB法提取遗传转化后再生的毛白杨DNA,分别提取野生型和转基因杨树植株的基因组DNA进行PCR分子检测。PCR反应体系:primer 0.2pmol/μl,1×PCRbuffer,Mg2+1.5mM,dNTP 0.2mM,Taq DNA polymerase 0.05U/μl,0.001-0.01μg/μl植物DNA。将反应管放入PCR仪中,按以下参数设计循环程序:94℃5min,94℃30s,72℃30s,循环34次,72℃10min,16℃5min,4℃恒温保存。PCR分子检测,PtoERECTA-KO鉴定引物F:5'-ACAGGGAACATCCCACCAGA-3'(SEQ ID No.11),R:5'-GCAAAGTTGGACGATTAGAG-3'(SEQ IDNo.12),在转基因植物中该引物对可以扩增出一条380bp左右的条带,如附图1所示。
在CRISPR-Cas9敲除载体的第4靶点前后100bp设计引物,以野生型株系和转基因株系PtoERECTA-KO的DNA为模板,进行PCR分子检测,并进行测序。选取PtoERECTA基因DNA有碱基缺失的植株。用DNAMAN软件将PtoERECTA-KO植株测序结果与野生型毛白杨植株的基因组序列进行比对发现,在PtoERECTA-KO的Line9植株中,该基因有1bp碱基发生丢失,严重影响了PtoERECTA基因发挥功能;在PtoERECTA-KO的Line13植株中,该基因有1bp碱基的丢失,同样严重影响PtoERECTA基因发挥调控功能,如附图2所示。由此我们可以得知,PtoERECTA-KO转基因植株的Line9和Line13株系敲除效率非常高,达到了预期目标。
本实施方案最后确定两种形式的敲除植株命名为PtoERECTA-KO-9以及PtoERECTA-KO-13。
CTAB法提取毛白杨DNA方法:
1)取新鲜叶片放入2mL离心管中,离心管中放入3个钢珠。
2)在10mLEP管中配制CTAB提取液(CTAB 6mL+180μLβ-巯基乙醇)并放65℃预热。向2mL离心管中加入600μL配制好的CTAB提取液,组织破碎仪破碎。
3)破碎后将2mL离心管放入65℃水浴锅,水浴45分钟,中间剧烈震荡3次。
4)温室静置5分钟,加600μL(氯仿:异戊醇24:1),剧烈颠倒混匀后,平板乳化10分钟。
5)将2mL离心管放入离心机,120000rpm/min,离心10分钟。
6)去500μL上清于新的1.5mL离心管中,加入等体积的4℃预冷的异丙醇,颠倒混匀,置于-20℃冰箱,10分钟以上。
7)将上步样品与离心机离心,120000rpm/min,离心10分钟。弃去上清液,与75%的乙醇洗两次,在用无水乙醇洗一次
8)吸干液体,65℃烘箱中烘干,DNA呈透明。
9)加入25μL含RNA酶的纯水(2mL纯水+5μLRNA酶),常温放置,等待DNA溶于水。
实施例4、转基因植株表型分析和组织化学染色
取土培2个半月的转基因和野生型茎段,使用振动切片机横切茎段(80μm)。使用甲苯胺蓝染色切片观察木质部发育情况(1%甲苯胺蓝染色30s,ddH2O清洗2次,光学显微镜观察切片)。
创制了PtoERECTA-KO,并成功获得了敲除株系,经过2个月的培养,分别观察并比较了野生型毛白杨和转基因植株L9和L13的地上部分(茎+叶子)的表型。结果发现,与野生型相比转基因植株长势较好,地上部分更加茂盛,如附图3,A所示。初步表型分析发现,敲除株系比野生型略矮(图3,B,E),茎较粗(图3,D)。切片观察发现,与野生型相比敲除株系木质部层数层数更多,木质部占比更多,如附图4。
敲除PtoERECTA株系茎粗增加,结合前文所观察到的转基因整体植株生长更茂盛,暗示着转基因植株地上部分生物量增加。为了探究过敲除PtoERECTA对植株生物量的影响,在相同培养时间、相同培养条件下,分别从露出地表部分开始取野生型毛白杨和过表达转基因植株地上部分(茎+叶)。取材结束后,晾干表面水分,称量鲜重(湿重),计数。将不同材料装进牛皮纸信封,做好标记后,封口,放入烘箱中(60℃)进行脱水烘干。烘干两天以上效果更佳,此时材料容易破碎,小心取出,称量干重,计数。结果显示,敲除株系地上部分生物量显著增加,如附图3,C所示。
前文所提到,与野生型毛白杨相比,转基因的株高和茎粗显著增加,这暗示着其内部木质部占比和木质部层数也有所增加。利用震荡切片机对转基因材料(第8节间)进行横切,切片观察发现,与野生型相比敲除株系木质部层数层数更多,木质部占比更多,如图4,C所示。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例,本发明的保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换,均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。
Claims (7)
1.一种基于基因编辑技术改良毛白杨生物性状的方法,其特征在于,所述改良毛白杨生物性状为提高木质部细胞层数或提高木质部占比或促进茎杆变粗或提高地上部分生物量,包括如下步骤:
(1)构建植物敲除载体:在野生型毛白杨中对SEQ ID No.1所示的PtoERECTA基因设计4个靶位点进行基因编辑,获得敲除载体;
(2)毛白杨的遗传转化:采用农杆菌介导的叶盘法转化野生型毛白杨叶片;
(3)转基因植株分子检测:以转基因植株的基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增方法检测选出一些敲除PtoERECTA的性状改良的转基因株系。
2.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述对PtoERECTA基因设计4个靶位的方法为:参照SEQ ID NO.1所示序列,选取NGG上游第20碱基是A或G的序列优先选为靶序列,设计了PtoERECTA基因敲除载体的4个靶位点,并根据4个靶序列设计靶点引物接头,如下所示:
AtU3bT1F:gtcaGGGGAGATATCACCTGCAAT(SEQ ID No.3);
AtU3bT1R:aaacATTGCAGGTGATATCTCCCC(SEQ ID No.4);
AtU3dT2F:gtcaCACTGAGTCTGTTCTGCGCC(SEQ ID No.5);
AtU3dT2R:aaacGGCGCAGAACAGACTCAGTG(SEQ ID No.6);
AtU6-1T3F:attgGGGGATGGATCCAGTCAGC(SEQ ID No.7);
AtU6-1T3R:aaacGCTGACTGGATCCATCCCC(SEQ ID No.8);
AtU6-29T4F:attgTATCAGGAATAGGCCCTTCA(SEQ ID No.9);
AtU6-29T4R:aaacTGAAGGGCCTATTCCTGATA(SEQ ID No.10)。
3.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述敲除载体构建过程为将SEQ ID NO.3~10所示序列合成靶点接头引物,制备靶点接头;再通过2轮巢式PCR将靶点引物接头与gRNA表达盒进行连接;最后通过边切边连方式将gRNA表达盒连入pYLCRISPR/Cas9-DH载体。
4.敲除PtoERECTA基因在改良毛白杨生物性状中的应用。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述改良毛白杨生物性状为提高木质部细胞层数或提高木质部占比或促进茎杆变粗或提高地上部分生物量。
6.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,编码所述PtoERECTA基因的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID No.2所示。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,编码所述PtoERECTA基因的核苷酸序列为SEQ ID No.1所示。
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