CN118060667A - Arc additive manufacturing device and arc additive manufacturing method - Google Patents

Arc additive manufacturing device and arc additive manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118060667A
CN118060667A CN202211481660.7A CN202211481660A CN118060667A CN 118060667 A CN118060667 A CN 118060667A CN 202211481660 A CN202211481660 A CN 202211481660A CN 118060667 A CN118060667 A CN 118060667A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
additive manufacturing
powder
arc additive
arc
ultrasonic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202211481660.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
吴息明
黄逸凡
高明
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
Original Assignee
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS filed Critical Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
Priority to CN202211481660.7A priority Critical patent/CN118060667A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2022/137065 priority patent/WO2024108655A1/en
Publication of CN118060667A publication Critical patent/CN118060667A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/32Accessories
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and provides an electric arc additive manufacturing device and an electric arc additive manufacturing method. An arc additive manufacturing apparatus includes an arc additive manufacturing torch including a tungsten electrode, a powder channel, an ion gas channel, and a shielding gas channel. In the arc welding material adding process, the powder feeder adds powder into the molten pool through the powder channel as a second phase, so that the strength of metal is improved, and the limitation that wires and powder of the same material can only be subjected to fusion forming and single forming material is broken through. The powder is conveyed through the powder channel, so that the dosage of the powder is controllable, the utilization rate of the powder is improved, the operation is not limited by the temperature of a deposition layer, and the preparation efficiency of arc welding additive is improved.

Description

Arc additive manufacturing device and arc additive manufacturing method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to an electric arc additive manufacturing device and an electric arc additive manufacturing method.
Background
The arc additive manufacturing is one of the most rapid development of metal net forming technology in recent years, has high forming efficiency, high material utilization rate and much better deposition amount than the traditional metal forming technology, and adopts the principle that the arc generated by tungsten electrodes or wires is used as a heat source for melting materials, and the forming of metals in a three-dimensional space is realized by layering, slicing and stacking printing paths, wherein the arc additive manufacturing mainly comprises consumable electrode arc additive manufacturing and non-consumable electrode arc additive manufacturing, and the arc additive manufacturing is widely applied to the forming of parts in the fields of aerospace, ships, automobiles, petrochemical industry and the like.
Many studies at home and abroad show that adding powder in the process of melting wires can improve the performance of a deposition layer, refine grains, promote the flow of liquid metal in a molten pool, improve alloy components and develop novel alloy, and powder particles strengthen a metal matrix by three mechanisms: solid solution strengthening, fine grain strengthening and second phase strengthening; the ultrasonic wave is used as energy of a multi-composite energy field, is widely applied in welding and additive manufacturing, is convenient to install, has easily-adjustable parameters and higher application maturity, and is characterized by breaking coarse columnar crystals, obtaining equiaxed crystals and improving the mechanical property and fatigue property of a deposition layer. In the current arc additive manufacturing, additive manufacturing is mainly performed in a wire melting mode, manufactured parts are limited in mature wire types, obtained grains are not uniform, and heat treatment is needed.
One document discloses an arc additive manufacturing method for reinforcing titanium alloy by using powder, which comprises the steps of mixing the powder into acetone solution, uniformly stirring to form uniformly mixed suspension, pre-coating the suspension on a deposition layer, forming an alloy with two material components of the powder and wires under the heating and melting actions of an arc, and pre-coating the powder on the deposition layer, wherein the substrate and the deposition temperature are controlled below fifty ℃ to effectively coat. One document discloses a rolling-assisted arc filler wire additive manufacturing method, which utilizes rolling equipment to roll a surface layer of a deposition layer at the rear side of a welding gun, so that the structure of the surface layer of the deposition layer is refined, the density of the surface structure is improved, but the evolution of the structure is not easy to control, and the refinement of crystal grains and the size of an acting surface layer are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of single molding material, thick and uneven deposit layer structure and non-ideal mechanical property in the prior art in the arc additive manufacturing process, the invention provides an arc additive manufacturing welding gun and an arc additive manufacturing device.
The arc additive manufacturing welding gun comprises a tungsten electrode and one or more powder channels, wherein the conveying direction of the powder channels is consistent with the length direction of the tungsten electrode, and one ends of the powder channels are communicated with a powder feeder.
Further, the number of the powder channels is 4, and the tungsten electrodes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the shaft.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an arc additive manufacturing apparatus. The arc additive manufacturing device comprises the arc additive manufacturing welding gun.
Further, the powder in the powder feeder is selected from one or more of ceramic powder, aluminum alloy powder and stainless steel powder.
Further, the arc additive manufacturing device further comprises an ultrasonic rolling unit, the ultrasonic rolling unit is arranged at the rear side of the arc additive manufacturing welding gun and is used for carrying out ultrasonic rolling on a deposited layer formed by just piling up, and the device comprises:
An ultrasonic controller;
The ultrasonic transducer is connected with the electric signal of the ultrasonic controller and used for converting electric energy into ultrasonic waves;
The amplitude transformer is connected with the ultrasonic transducer and used for amplifying the ultrasonic waves; and
The rolling head is connected with the amplitude transformer and used for vibrating synchronously with the amplitude transformer.
Further, the arc additive manufacturing device further comprises an arc welding power supply and a gas cylinder, wherein the arc welding power supply is electrically connected with the arc additive manufacturing welding gun, and the gas cylinder is communicated with a shielding gas channel and an ion gas channel which are arranged on the arc additive manufacturing welding gun.
Further, the arc additive manufacturing apparatus further includes:
The wire feeding unit is used for conveying wires to the upper part of the substrate;
And the motion unit is used for controlling the arc additive manufacturing welding gun to move horizontally or up and down.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an arc additive manufacturing method. The arc additive manufacturing method conveys powder into a melt pool through a powder channel of an arc additive manufacturing welding gun during an additive manufacturing process.
Further, the powder feeding mode is coaxial powder feeding.
Further, the deposited layers just piled up are subjected to ultrasonic rolling by an ultrasonic rolling unit.
The invention provides an arc additive manufacturing method, which can efficiently and quickly prepare a deposition layer different from traditional wire components, wherein powder is used as a second phase, has the strengthening effects of fine-grain strengthening, second-phase strengthening and solid solution strengthening, can improve the strength and plasticity of the deposition layer, can prepare a novel alloy, and introduces an ultrasonic rolling unit to roll and strengthen the deposition layer formed by just stacking so as to further refine grains.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a semi-sectional view of an arc additive manufacturing torch as provided in example 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an arc additive manufacturing apparatus provided in embodiment 2.
Description of the reference numerals:
The arc additive manufacturing device 1, the arc additive manufacturing welding gun 11, the tungsten electrode 111, the powder channel 112, the shielding gas channel 113, the ion gas channel 114, the ultrasonic rolling unit 12, the ultrasonic controller 121, the ultrasonic transducer 122, the amplitude transformer 123, the rolling head 124, the arc welding power supply 13, the gas cylinder 14 and the powder feeder 15.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 of the drawings, arc additive manufacturing torch 11 includes tungsten electrode 111, powder passage 112, shielding gas passage 113, and ion gas passage 114. The number of the powder passages 112 is 4, and the conveying direction of the powder passages 112 is consistent with the length direction of the tungsten electrode 111, and the powder passages are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction with the tungsten electrode 11 as the axis. The shielding gas passage 113 is used for outputting a shielding gas atmosphere. The ion gas channel 114 is used for outputting ion gas and disposing the tungsten electrode 111.
In the arc welding material adding process, powder is added into a molten pool through a powder channel 112 to serve as a second phase, so that the strength of metal is improved, and the limitation that only wires and powder of the same material can be subjected to fusion forming and single forming material is overcome. The powder is conveyed through the powder channel 112, so that the dosage of the powder is controllable, the utilization rate of the powder is improved, the operation is not limited by the temperature of a deposition layer, and the preparation efficiency of arc welding additive is improved.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2 of the drawings, the arc additive manufacturing apparatus 1 includes an arc additive manufacturing torch gun 11, an ultrasonic rolling unit 12, an arc welding power supply 13, a gas cylinder 14, and a powder feeder 15. The arc additive manufacturing torch 11 is electrically connected to an arc welding power supply 13. The shielding gas channel 113 of the arc additive manufacturing torch 11 communicates with a gas cylinder 14 storing inert shielding gas. The ion gas channel 114 of the arc additive manufacturing torch 11 communicates with the gas cylinder 14 storing inert gas. One end of the powder passage 112 communicates with the powder feeder 15, and the powder in the powder feeder 15 is one or more selected from ceramic powder, aluminum alloy powder and stainless steel powder.
An ultrasonic rolling unit 12 is provided at the rear side of the arc additive manufacturing gun 11 for ultrasonic rolling of the deposited layers just stacked. The ultrasonic rolling unit 12 includes an ultrasonic controller 121, an ultrasonic transducer 122, a horn 123, and a rolling head 124. The ultrasonic controller 121 is electrically connected to the ultrasonic transducer 122 for converting electrical energy into ultrasonic waves. The horn 123 is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 122 for amplifying ultrasonic waves. The rolling head 124 is connected to the horn 123 and vibrates synchronously with the horn 123.
In operation, wire is placed over the substrate, the arc additive manufacturing torch 11 ejects powder and shielding gas while melting the wire, the powder is added into the molten pool, and then the ultrasonic controller 121 starts the ultrasonic transducer 122 to generate ultrasonic waves, and the ultrasonic waves drive the rolling head 124 to ultrasonically roll the molten pool after being amplified by the amplitude transformer 123.
The arc additive manufacturing device 1 can prepare a deposition layer different from a single melting wire component, and on the basis, ultrasonic rolling is carried out on the deposition layer to refine grains and break up coarse columnar crystals, thereby being beneficial to improving the strength and toughness of metal.
Optionally, a pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom of the substrate, and pressure data is transmitted to a computer, so that the pressure and the amplitude of the deposited layer in the processing process can be detected in real time. The amplitude of the refined grains can be controlled by adjusting the frequency of the ultrasonic controller 121.
Optionally, the arc additive manufacturing apparatus may further include: wire feeding unit and motion unit. The wire feeding unit comprises a wire feeder for conveying wires to the upper part of the substrate. The arc additive manufacturing welding gun 11 melts wires, and the powder feeder 15 adds powder to the molten pool through the powder channel 112 as a second phase, so that the strength and plasticity of a deposited layer are improved, and the limitation that only wires and powder of the same material can be subjected to fusion forming and single forming material is broken through. The motion unit is used for controlling the arc additive manufacturing welding gun to move horizontally or up and down.
The invention also provides an arc additive manufacturing method. The arc additive manufacturing apparatus used in this manufacturing method is the arc additive manufacturing apparatus 1 described above.
The arc additive manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
While the arc additive manufacturing torch melts the wire, a coaxial uniform output powder is added to the melt pool as the second phase of the deposit. The ultrasonic rolling unit is arranged at the rear side of the arc additive manufacturing welding gun and is used for carrying out ultrasonic vibration and rolling on a deposition layer which is just piled up and is at a certain high temperature, so that the deposition layer obtains residual compressive stress, refines a surface layer microstructure, refines grains, improves microhardness and reduces surface roughness, and the strength and toughness of metal are improved.
The invention provides an arc additive manufacturing method, which can efficiently and quickly prepare a deposition layer different from a traditional wire component, wherein powder is used as a second phase, has the strengthening effects of fine-grain strengthening, second-phase strengthening and solid solution strengthening, can improve the strength and plasticity of the deposition layer, can prepare a novel alloy, and is beneficial to improving the strength and toughness of metals by introducing an ultrasonic rolling unit to roll and strengthen the deposition layer formed by just stacking.

Claims (10)

1. The arc additive manufacturing welding gun comprises a tungsten electrode and is characterized by further comprising one or more powder channels, wherein the conveying direction of the powder channels is consistent with the length direction of the tungsten electrode, and one ends of the powder channels are communicated with a powder feeder.
2. The arc additive manufacturing torch according to claim 1, wherein the number of powder passages is 4, and the powder passages are uniformly distributed around the tungsten electrode as an axis.
3. An arc additive manufacturing apparatus comprising the arc additive manufacturing torch of claim 1 or claim 2.
4. The arc additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 3, wherein the powder in the powder feeder is selected from one or more of ceramic powder, aluminum alloy powder, and stainless steel powder.
5. The arc additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 3, further comprising an ultrasonic rolling unit disposed at a rear side of the arc additive manufacturing gun for ultrasonic rolling of a deposited layer just stacked, comprising:
An ultrasonic controller;
The ultrasonic transducer is connected with the electric signal of the ultrasonic controller and used for converting electric energy into ultrasonic waves;
The amplitude transformer is connected with the ultrasonic transducer and used for amplifying the ultrasonic waves; and
The rolling head is connected with the amplitude transformer and used for vibrating synchronously with the amplitude transformer.
6. The arc additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 3, further comprising an arc welding power source electrically connected to the arc additive manufacturing torch and a gas cylinder in communication with a shielding gas channel and an ion gas channel disposed in the arc additive manufacturing torch.
7. The arc additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 3, further comprising
The wire feeding unit is used for conveying wires to the upper part of the substrate;
And the motion unit is used for controlling the arc additive manufacturing welding gun to move horizontally or up and down.
8. An arc additive manufacturing method, characterized in that powder is conveyed into a molten pool through a powder channel of an arc additive manufacturing welding gun during an additive manufacturing process.
9. The arc additive manufacturing method of claim 8 wherein the powder feeding is coaxial.
10. The arc additive manufacturing method of claim 8, wherein the deposited layers just stacked are ultrasonically rolled with an ultrasonic rolling unit.
CN202211481660.7A 2022-11-24 2022-11-24 Arc additive manufacturing device and arc additive manufacturing method Pending CN118060667A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211481660.7A CN118060667A (en) 2022-11-24 2022-11-24 Arc additive manufacturing device and arc additive manufacturing method
PCT/CN2022/137065 WO2024108655A1 (en) 2022-11-24 2022-12-06 Arc additive manufacturing device and arc additive manufacturing method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211481660.7A CN118060667A (en) 2022-11-24 2022-11-24 Arc additive manufacturing device and arc additive manufacturing method

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WO (1) WO2024108655A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108788406B (en) * 2018-07-04 2020-01-07 西南交通大学 Light metal-based composite material component and preparation method thereof
CN111266702A (en) * 2019-03-19 2020-06-12 沈阳工业大学 Coaxial TIG electric arc additive manufacturing device with wire feeding inside arc and powder feeding outside arc
CN110548960A (en) * 2019-10-15 2019-12-10 湖北汽车工业学院 Method for manufacturing multi-material component by ultrasonic vibration assisted arc additive manufacturing
CN113210634A (en) * 2020-01-13 2021-08-06 空客(北京)工程技术中心有限公司 Additive manufacturing system, additive manufacturing method, and computer-readable medium
CN114951930A (en) * 2021-02-23 2022-08-30 深圳先进技术研究院 Plasma arc additive manufacturing device and method
CN113102861B (en) * 2021-05-13 2023-06-27 重庆大学 Arc additive manufacturing method with welding ultrasonic vibration and rolling characteristics
CN113385821B (en) * 2021-06-07 2023-01-17 温州竞合智造科技有限公司 Wire-powder synergy and laser-arc composite additive manufacturing device and method
CN113414413A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-09-21 南京工业大学 Method and system for manufacturing deposition tissue by ultrasonic rolling regulation and control laser additive
CN113385778A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-09-14 南京联空智能增材研究院有限公司 Wire-powder coaxial plasma arc additive welding gun, additive system and additive method
CN114082989A (en) * 2021-11-22 2022-02-25 温州大学 Additive manufacturing device and method for multi-heat-source adjustable components
CN115055699B (en) * 2022-06-24 2024-03-29 西安交通大学 Device and method for manufacturing particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material by using molten drop composite arc additive

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