CN103305828A - Device for strengthening laser cladding layer by ultrasonic impact and method thereof - Google Patents
Device for strengthening laser cladding layer by ultrasonic impact and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for strengthening a laser cladding layer by ultrasonic impact and a method thereof. A conventional powder feeding type laser cladding method is used for preparing the laser cladding layer on the surface of a cladding base material; after one path of laser cladding is finished, the ultrasonic impact is used for playing effects on the laser cladding layer; when a plurality of paths and layers of laser cladding are carried out, the laser cladding and the ultrasonic impact are alternatively carried out. According to the device and the method disclosed by the invention, the laser cladding layer is obviously strengthened to refine tissues of the laser cladding layer and eliminate residual stress in the laser cladding layer; when the ultrasonic impact is used for playing the effect on the laser cladding layer, a plastic deformation layer with a certain depth is formed in the laser cladding layer; grains and crystal lattices in the plastic deformation layer are distorted to form high-density dislocation so that dendritic crystals in condensation tissues of the laser cladding layer are crushed and are dispersed into the laser cladding layer to form small crystal nucleuses which are uniformly distributed and refine the grains; meanwhile, the ultrasonic impact is used for planting pressing stress into the laser cladding layer to counteract pulling stress in the laser cladding layer and eliminate the residual stress in the laser cladding layer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ultrasonic impact and strengthen the devices and methods therefor of laser cladding layer, belong to laser processing application technical field and metal shock peening technical field.
Background technology
Laser melting and coating technique utilizes high energy laser beam to make the material rapid melting, solidify with base material and form good metallurgical binding, can be used for the fields such as material surface modifying, part Quick-forming.The characteristics such as this technology has microstructure of surface cladding layer densification, realization material gradient function, shaping is fast, with short production cycle, the high controllability of flexibility degree is good have a wide range of applications in the industries such as aerospace, automobile, mould, boats and ships.Correlative study shows, the factor such as Laser beam energy distribution is inhomogeneous, thermograde is large in the cladding process, solidification rate is fast, cause the cladding layer solidified structure inhomogeneous, easily form the thick problems such as columnar dendrite.Simultaneously exist larger unrelieved stress in the laser cladding layer, easily bring out the formation of crackle, affect the intensity, fatigue lifetime, anti-stress corrosion performance of cladding layer etc., so that the performance of cladding layer reduces greatly.Therefore, unrelieved stress in refinement cladding layer solidified structure, the elimination cladding layer is strengthened laser cladding layer and has the important research meaning.
Find through the pertinent literature retrieval of publishing both at home and abroad, the main method of strengthening at present laser cladding layer has refined crystalline strengthening and dispersion-strengthened, concrete grammar as: adopt the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary process, adopt the alternating magnetic field auxiliary process, in the cladding powder, add rare earth element etc.For example, Qin Lanyun (referring to the blue cloud of admiring, Wang Wei, Yang Guang. Chinese laser, 2013,40(1): 1～6) adopt the auxiliary method of ultrasonic vibration, laser deposition molding TC4 powder and Ti and Cr on the Ti6Al4V base material
3C
2Mixed powder, the adding that draws the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary process can realize that the settled layer structural constituent is even, grain refining, reduce simultaneously the unrelieved stress of settled layer, thereby strengthen cladding layer.The people such as the Liu Hongxi of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Cai Chuanxiong propose in Chinese patent CN102703898A " a kind of method and device thereof of alternating magnetic field refinement laser cladding layer solidified structure " by the cladding of alternating magnetic field auxiliary laser, the electromagnetic force liquid towards metal that utilizes alternating magnetic field to produce plays certain stirring action, dentrite in the microstructure of surface cladding layer is crashed to pieces forms new nucleus, thereby refinement cladding layer solidified structure is eliminated the interior defective of cladding layer to strengthen cladding layer.Yet vibration force, stirring action that these two kinds of methods provide are less, can only strengthen to a certain extent cladding layer, have certain limitation.Li Jun(is referring to Li Jun, Wang Huiping, Li Manping, Yu Zhishui. Journal of Rare Earths, 2011,29 (5): 477～483) on the Ti6Al4V alloy, contain the cladding layer of rare earth with laser melting coating, draw because mixing of Rare Earth Y element generates Y in the cladding layer
2O
3The dispersion-strengthened phase, refinement microstructure of surface cladding layer, cladding layer is strengthened.Yet this process costs is higher, and match materials is complicated, and technique is promoted and had certain difficulty.
Ultrasonic impact method and equipment thereof are invented in 20 century 70s by the scientific research personnel of Ukraine Ba Dun institute the earliest, and initial purpose is to eliminate the unrelieved stress in the welded construction.Material forms the plastic deformation layer of certain depth after the ultrasonic impact effect, so that material forms highdensity dislocation, broken dentrite arm make column crystal be broken into equiax crystal, thereby material grains obtains refinement, and it is even that solidified structure is tending towards.In material, implant simultaneously certain stress, offset the residual tension that exists in the material, reach the effect of eliminating unrelieved stress in the part, thus the generation of reduce injection defect, the mechanical property of raising material.Ultrasonic impact belongs to working hardening to the strengthening effect of material, can thinning microstructure, eliminate unrelieved stress.Technique is obtained remarkable achievement at aspects such as metal-surface nano crystallization, reduction welding structural element unrelieved stresss.Through retrieval, not yet find to adopt ultrasonic impact refinement laser cladding layer solidified structure, eliminate unrelieved stress in the cladding layer, to strengthen the method for laser cladding layer.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of ultrasonic impact and strengthen the devices and methods therefor of laser cladding layer, utilize ultrasonic impact effect refinement laser cladding layer solidified structure, reduce the laser cladding layer unrelieved stress, solve the problems such as tissue odds spares in the laser cladding layer, pore crack defect, the larger unrelieved stress of existence.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of ultrasonic impact is strengthened the device of laser cladding layer, and it comprises CO
2Laser apparatus and CO
2The laser melting coating control device that laser apparatus links to each other, the worktable and the synchronous powder feeder that link to each other with the laser melting coating control device, the argon gas gas cylinder and the coaxial powder-feeding nozzle that link to each other with described synchronous powder feeder, grip device and be arranged at cladding base material on the described grip device, described argon gas gas cylinder links to each other with described coaxial powder-feeding nozzle, to described cladding base material spray feed cladding powder, the device that described ultrasonic impact is strengthened laser cladding layer also includes the ultrasonic impact gun that is arranged at described cladding base material top and the ultrasonic-frequency power supply that links to each other with described ultrasonic impact gun to described synchronous powder feeder by described coaxial powder-feeding nozzle.
The present invention also adopts following technical scheme: a kind of ultrasonic impact is strengthened the method for laser cladding layer, and it comprises the steps:
At first, treat the cladding matrix and carry out pre-treatment, behind the cleaning, drying, be fixed on the worktable, and the cladding powder is carried out drying and processing;
Secondly, in the atmosphere of argon shield, prepare laser cladding layer by laser melting and coating process;
Then, after one laser cladding layer prepared, utilize ultrasonic impact gun that laser cladding layer is carried out ultrasonic impact, guarantee that fraction of coverage reaches 100%;
At last, one laser cladding layer descends laser melting and coating process one after impacting and finishing, and ultrasonic impact and laser melting coating cycle alternation carry out, and finally realize the preparation of complete laser cladding layer.
Described ultrasonic impact processing parameter is that frequency of impact is 20～40 Hz, and electric current is 0.5～2.5 A, and the striker pin diameter of described ultrasonic impact gun is 1～4 mm, and the striker pin number is 1～3.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) the remarkable refinement laser cladding layer solidified structure of the present invention, behind the ultrasonic impact laser cladding layer, the high density dislocation of formation makes in the laser cladding layer solidified structure dendrite broken, again forms tiny nucleus, so that the refinement of laser cladding layer solidified structure;
(2) the present invention can significantly eliminate the laser cladding layer unrelieved stress, after ultrasonic impact acts on laser cladding layer, forms higher stress in laser cladding layer, and the residual tension in the laser cladding layer is eliminated;
(3) present invention can be implemented in line and strengthen laser cladding layer, laser cladding process and ultrasonic impact hocket, every layer of laser cladding layer of per pass all is subject to the ultrasonic impact strengthening effect, compares and laser cladding layer strengthened after laser melting coating finishes fully again, and strengthening effect is more outstanding;
(4) device of ultrasonic impact reinforcement laser cladding layer of the present invention is simple, cost is low;
(5) the present invention is pollution-free, technique is applied widely, and ultrasonic impact act as physical action to laser cladding layer, can not pollute generations such as laser cladding layers, and the effect of ultrasonic impact is strong, range of influence is large, is applicable to various laser melting and coating process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that ultrasonic impact of the present invention is strengthened the device of laser cladding layer.
Fig. 2 is the process flow sheet that ultrasonic impact of the present invention is strengthened the device of laser cladding layer.
Fig. 3 is the cross section metallographic structure figure of the present invention's single track laser cladding layer when embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is the cross section metallographic structure figure of the present invention's single track laser cladding layer when embodiment 2.
Fig. 5 is the cross section metallographic structure figure of the present invention's single track laser cladding layer when embodiment 3.
Wherein:
1-CO
2Laser apparatus, 2-speculum, 3-argon gas gas cylinder, 4-synchronous powder feeder, 5-worktable, 6-grip device, 7-laser melting coating control device, 8-ultrasonic-frequency power supply, 9-support, 10-ultrasonic impact gun, 11-coaxial powder-feeding nozzle, 12-laser cladding layer, 13-cladding base material.
Embodiment
Please refer to shown in Figure 1ly, the device that ultrasonic impact of the present invention is strengthened laser cladding layer comprises CO
2Laser apparatus 1, speculum 2, argon gas gas cylinder 3, synchronous powder feeder 4, worktable 5, grip device 6, laser melting coating control device 7, ultrasonic-frequency power supply 8, support 9, ultrasonic impact gun 10, coaxial powder-feeding nozzle 11, laser cladding layer 12, cladding base material 13, wherein, laser melting coating control device 7 and CO
2Laser apparatus 1, worktable 5, synchronous powder feeder 4 link to each other, argon gas gas cylinder 3 links to each other with synchronous powder feeder 4, coaxial powder-feeding nozzle 11, synchronous powder feeder 4 is realized laser cladding process by coaxial powder-feeding nozzle 11 to the cladding base material 13 spray feed cladding powder on the grip device 6, and ultrasonic impact can manually be carried out or carry out by automated arm.
Please refer to Fig. 1 and extremely shown in Figure 5 in conjunction with Fig. 2, ultrasonic impact of the present invention is strengthened the method for laser cladding layer, and it is by using coaxial powder-feeding formula CO
2Laser apparatus cladding equipment prepares laser cladding layer at the cladding substrate surface, recycling ultrasonic impact equipment carries out shock peening to laser cladding layer, it specifically comprises the steps: at first, treat cladding matrix 13 and carry out pre-treatment, clean then oven dry with acetone, be fixed in worktable 5, and the cladding powder is carried out drying and processing; Secondly, in the atmosphere of argon shield, prepare laser cladding layer by the common laser melting and coating process; Then, after one laser cladding layer prepared, utilization was handed or device clamping ultrasonic impact gun carries out ultrasonic impact immediately to laser cladding layer, guarantees that fraction of coverage reaches 100%; At last, one laser cladding layer descends laser melting and coating process one after impacting and finishing, and ultrasonic impact and laser melting coating cycle alternation carry out, and finally realize the preparation of complete laser cladding layer.Utilize the exciting force of ultrasonic impact, the dendrite that generates in the laser cladding layer is smashed, form uniform small crystal nucleus, make laser cladding layer tissue's refinement and evenly, eliminate in the laser cladding layer defectives such as pore.The stress of simultaneously ultrasonic impact implantation is offset residual tension in the laser cladding layer, eliminates unrelieved stress in the laser cladding layer, is beneficial to down solidifying of one laser cladding layer.
The laser cladding technological parameter that adopts is: defocusing amount 10～30 mm, spot diameter 1～4 mm, powder feed rate 5～50 g/min, laser power 1～3 kw, sweep velocity 200～600 mm/min.The ultrasonic impact processing parameter that adopts is: frequency of impact is 20～40 Hz, electric current is 0.5～2.5 A, the striker pin diameter is 1～4 mm, the striker pin number is 1～3, impact parameter is selected in given range according to actual needs, guarantees that unrelieved stress reaches re-set target in the solidified structure of laser cladding layer and the laser cladding layer to get final product.Frequency of impact is adjusted by the impact device specification, and electric current can be adjusted in real time by the control ultrasonic-frequency power supply, and the striker pin diameter can impact syringe needle by customization and adjust.
Further set forth the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The laser melting coating base material is nickel base superalloy GH4169, and its chemical composition is as shown in table 1, is of a size of 600mm * 20mm * 5mm.Substrate surface carries out sand papering, acetone cleans, and removes substrate surface greasy dirt impurity etc., and is fixed on the worktable; The laser cladding powder powder material is Ni-base Superalloy Powder FGH95, and granularity is that 100～150 its chemical compositions of μ m are as shown in table 1.Powder is placed 100～200 ℃ of dry 6h of loft drier, add in the powder feeder after cooling.Adopt the coaxial powder-feeding mode to carry out laser cladding process, pass into simultaneously argon shield, obtain the single track laser cladding layer.Carry out the cladding of laser single track, the processing parameter of employing is: laser power 1.5kw, sweep velocity 400mm/min, powder feed rate 24g/min, defocusing amount 15mm, spot diameter 3mm.
With line cutting intercepting sample, the surface is ground, is corroded with rare chloroazotic acid after the polishing through sand paper, utilizes XJP-300 metallography microscope sem observation cladding layer microtexture along the vertical direction of laser scanning direction, obtain cladding layer cross section metallographic structure figure as shown in Figure 3.
Table 1 FGH95 and GH4169 main chemical compositions (massfraction %)
Laser single track cladding process is identical with embodiment 1, after the cladding of laser single track, with ultrasonic impact gun the laser cladding layer surface is impacted, the ultrasonic impact processing parameter is: frequency of impact 20Hz, electric current 0.5A, striker pin diameter 1mm, the striker pin number is 1, guarantees during impact that the fraction of coverage of laser cladding layer reaches 100%.Obtain laser melting coating layer cross section metallographic structure figure as shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment 3
Laser single track cladding process is identical with embodiment 1, after the cladding of laser single track, with ultrasonic impact gun the cladding layer surface is impacted, the ultrasonic impact processing parameter is: frequency of impact 20Hz, electric current 2A, striker pin diameter 3mm, the striker pin number is 1, guarantees during impact that the fraction of coverage of laser cladding layer reaches 100%.Obtain laser melting coating layer cross section metallographic structure figure as shown in Figure 5.
Laser cladding layer mainly is comprised of columnar dendrite and equiax crystal as can be seen from Figure 3, and the crystal grain skewness, and the regional area grain-size is larger.Can find out obviously that from Fig. 4,5 laser cladding layer tissue changes equiax crystal into by dendrite, crystal grain distribute be tending towards evenly and grain-size tiny.
Can find out by the comparative analysis of above laser cladding layer microtexture, laser cladding layer tissue through ultrasonic impact mainly is comprised of equiax crystal, compare the laser cladding layer tissue of not passing through ultrasonic impact, the columnar dendrite tiny equiax crystal of broken formation that shaken, and grain-size is more tiny.Because the effect of ultrasonic impact, dendrite is crashed to pieces, and forms new nucleus, so that laser cladding layer tissue's refinement.Laser cladding layer tissue more evenly reduces to act on the stress that forms in the laser cladding layer because of the internal stress of the inhomogeneous formation of tissue distribution and ultrasonic impact, reduces unrelieved stress in the laser cladding layer, improves the laser cladding layer quality, strengthens laser cladding layer.
The present invention applies very large repeated load by the ultrasonic impact effect on the laser cladding layer surface, load in the same way, constantly impact loading effect stack forms the plastic deformation layer of certain depth in laser cladding layer.Crystal grain lattice distorted in the plastic deformation layer forms highdensity dislocation, makes in the laser cladding layer solidified structure dendrite broken, and is scattered in the cladding layer, again forms equally distributed small crystal nucleus.The intergranule gap dwindles and fills up pore space in the cladding layer, so that crystal grain is more even, tiny and eliminate the defective such as pore in the laser cladding layer solidified structure.When crystal grain deforms refinement simultaneously, can produce certain internal stress.When the top layer metal to around when extending because the ununiformity of top layer and internal layer distortion, the extension of interior metal obstruction top layer metal forms higher stress.The stress of utilizing ultrasonic impact to produce is offset the residual tension in the laser cladding layer, reduces the generation of defects i.e.cracks in the laser cladding layer.Laser cladding layer tissue's grain refining can make laser cladding layer significantly be strengthened in conjunction with the elimination of unrelieved stress.
The above only is preferred implementation of the present invention, should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, can also make some improvement under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, and these improvement also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a ultrasonic impact is strengthened the device of laser cladding layer, and it comprises CO
2Laser apparatus and CO
2The laser melting coating control device that laser apparatus links to each other, the worktable and the synchronous powder feeder that link to each other with the laser melting coating control device, the argon gas gas cylinder and the coaxial powder-feeding nozzle that link to each other with described synchronous powder feeder, grip device and be arranged at cladding base material on the described grip device, it is characterized in that: described argon gas gas cylinder links to each other with described coaxial powder-feeding nozzle, to described cladding base material spray feed cladding powder, the device that described ultrasonic impact is strengthened laser cladding layer also includes the ultrasonic impact gun that is arranged at described cladding base material top and the ultrasonic-frequency power supply that links to each other with described ultrasonic impact gun to described synchronous powder feeder by described coaxial powder-feeding nozzle.
2. a ultrasonic impact as claimed in claim 1 is strengthened the method for laser cladding layer, and it comprises the steps:
At first, treat the cladding matrix and carry out pre-treatment, behind the cleaning, drying, be fixed on the worktable, and the cladding powder is carried out drying and processing;
Secondly, in the atmosphere of argon shield, prepare laser cladding layer by laser melting and coating process;
Then, after one laser cladding layer prepared, utilize ultrasonic impact gun that laser cladding layer is carried out ultrasonic impact, guarantee that fraction of coverage reaches 100%;
At last, one laser cladding layer descends laser melting and coating process one after impacting and finishing, and ultrasonic impact and laser melting coating cycle alternation carry out, and finally realize the preparation of complete laser cladding layer.
3. ultrasonic impact as claimed in claim 2 is strengthened the method for laser cladding layer, it is characterized in that: described ultrasonic impact processing parameter is that frequency of impact is 20～40 Hz, electric current is 0.5～2.5 A, and the striker pin diameter of described ultrasonic impact gun is 1～4 mm, and the striker pin number is 1～3.
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