CN113564581A - Composite energy field assisted laser cladding material increase method - Google Patents
Composite energy field assisted laser cladding material increase method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113564581A CN113564581A CN202110779297.6A CN202110779297A CN113564581A CN 113564581 A CN113564581 A CN 113564581A CN 202110779297 A CN202110779297 A CN 202110779297A CN 113564581 A CN113564581 A CN 113564581A
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- laser cladding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite energy field assisted laser cladding material increase method, which adopts a method of combining high-frequency induction heating capable of improving laser cladding efficiency with ultrasonic impact capable of regulating and controlling a microstructure and eliminating cracks and pores, and adopts intelligent robot automatic control to prepare a high-performance defect-free laser metal cladding material. Overcomes the defects of uneven microstructure, reduced performance, air holes, slag inclusion, cracks and the like caused by large temperature gradient and high cooling rate of a molten pool in the laser cladding technology. A large number of heterogeneous nucleation points are provided for solidification and nucleation of the next layer of laser melting pool through the effect of ultrasonic impact on grain breakage at high temperature, so that a high-performance cladding layer with uniform and fine grain distribution, refined and homogenized microstructure and no crack and pore defects is obtained in the high-efficiency rapid laser cladding process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material surface laser additive manufacturing, in particular to a composite energy field assisted laser cladding additive method.
Background
The laser cladding technology has wide application prospect in the fields of machinery, automobiles, aerospace, petrochemical industry and the like due to the advantages of high cooling speed, low coating dilution rate, small thermal deformation, easiness in realizing automatic control and the like. Ultrasonic impact treatment is a common material surface layer modification means and is widely applied to a material surface modification layer. Laser cladding additive manufacturing is the research hotspot of laser cladding preparation of coatings at present. However, the laser cladding additive process still has some problems in practical application, such as low laser cladding efficiency, easy generation of pores and cracks in the cladding layer, existence of coarse columnar dendrites in the cladding layer structure, easy peeling of the coating due to large residual stress, and the like, which greatly hinders the popularization of the technology in industrial application.
The traditional large-scale mechanical deformation processing method, such as hammering, forging, rolling and the like, is adopted, and when the influence of the material size, construction conditions and other factors on the improvement and solution of the material defects such as gaps, cracks and the like existing in laser cladding is avoided, the deformation is too large, and the tissue of the material is easily damaged; when the laser cladding defects are improved by adopting single heat treatment processes such as tempering, annealing and the like, the defects such as the defects are not completely eliminated, the defects such as gaps and the like are difficult to eliminate, the strength of the material is reduced, and the performance of the material is influenced. Therefore, when the performance requirement is high and the materials produced by the conventional laser cladding process are difficult to meet the use requirement, the post-treatment and the pre-treatment for improving the material performance are necessary. The conventional post-treatment process has the problems of severe working condition, low production efficiency and the like, and the expected purpose is difficult to achieve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite energy field assisted laser cladding material increase method capable of preparing a high-performance defect-free material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a composite energy field assisted laser cladding additive method, the additive method comprising:
step 100: mounting and fixing the base material 10 which is polished, cleaned and dried on a clamp 8;
step 200: putting the proportioned metal powder into a powder feeder 12 after drying at high temperature;
step 300: setting parameters of an electromagnetic induction heating device, automatically adjusting an induction heating power supply 19, and preheating the base material 10 by a high-frequency induction heating coil 17 to keep the surface temperature of the base material 10 at 150-300 ℃;
step 400: after the surface temperature of the sample reaches a preset temperature, automatically starting a laser cladding device 3 to realize single-layer laser cladding on the substrate 10;
step 500: heating the sample to be tested to a set temperature by adopting an electromagnetic induction heating device;
step 600: turning off the laser, and after setting impact parameters, intelligently turning on the ultrasonic impact device 1 and the laser scanning equipment 4 to carry out ultrasonic impact treatment on the laser scanning feedback control of the cladding surface;
step 700: after the ultrasonic impact is finished, the device 1 is automatically impacted by ultrasonic waves, and meanwhile, the high-frequency induction heating device 20 is intelligently started to carry out a preset slow cooling treatment program on the cladding layer 17;
step 800: slowly cooling to 500-600 ℃, automatically restarting the laser cladding device 3, and continuously performing laser cladding material increase on the upper cladding layer 17.
Optionally, the step 100: the base material 10 which is polished, cleaned and dried is arranged and fixed on the base material 10 in the clamp 8 and is clamped and positioned on the workbench 19 through the screw 11 and the pressing sheet 9.
Optionally, the step 200: and putting the proportioned metal powder into a powder feeder 12 after drying at high temperature, wherein the metal powder 15 is nickel-based, cobalt-based or iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder.
Optionally, the preheating temperature in step 300 is detected by using an industrial online infrared thermometer 2 for real-time online monitoring.
Optionally, in the step 300 and the step 700, a feedback control relationship exists between the electromagnetic induction heating device 20 and the industrial temperature measuring instrument 2, and the industrial temperature measuring instrument intelligently feedback-controls the electromagnetic induction heating power and time, so as to achieve precise temperature rise and temperature control.
Optionally, in the step 400, the laser cladding head 12 is automatically controlled by the robot arm 4, laser cladding in different directions and angles can be performed, the cladding parameter range is that the laser power is 1200-1600W, the spot diameter is 1-4 mm, the scanning speed is 300-14000 mm/min, and the overlapping ratio is 40-60%.
Optionally, the parameters of the ultrasonic impact device 1 in the step 600 are usually set to be 1.6-2A in current intensity, 1-2 mm in amplitude range, 20KHz in vibration frequency, 0.5mm/s in moving speed of the impact gun, and 1-2 times in single-layer impact frequency.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: the invention adopts a method of combining high-frequency induction heating capable of improving laser cladding efficiency with ultrasonic impact capable of regulating and controlling a microstructure and eliminating cracks and pores, and adopts intelligent robot automatic control to prepare the high-performance defect-free laser metal cladding material. Overcomes the defects of uneven microstructure, reduced performance, air holes, slag inclusion, cracks and the like caused by large temperature gradient and high cooling rate of a molten pool in the laser cladding technology. A large number of heterogeneous nucleation points are provided for solidification and nucleation of the next layer of laser melting pool through the effect of ultrasonic impact on grain breakage at high temperature, so that a high-performance cladding layer with uniform and fine grain distribution, refined and homogenized microstructure and no crack and pore defects is obtained in the high-efficiency rapid laser cladding process. Due to the intervention of high-frequency induction heating, the time of a laser molten pool is prolonged, the effect of ultrasonic impact on modifying a cladding layer can be effectively improved, the cooling rate is reduced, the defects of cracks and the like are eliminated, corresponding energy sources can be saved, and the method is energy-saving and environment-friendly. The invention relates to a high-efficiency, high-quality and universal method for promoting the large-area application of a laser cladding technology in industrialization, which is intelligently and automatically controlled.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for the electromagnetic heating ultrasonic impact assisted laser cladding additive manufacturing method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a Hastelloy X-cladding stack block obtained by adopting an electromagnetic induction heating high-temperature ultrasonic impact assisted laser cladding material increase method.
FIG. 3 shows a stainless steel cladding stack block obtained by a high-temperature ultrasonic impact assisted laser cladding material increase method adopting electromagnetic induction heating.
Reference numerals: 1-ultrasonic impacting device 2-digital display control instrument 3-industrial fiber laser 4-industrial laser scanner 5-industrial online infrared thermometer 6-ultrasonic impacting gun head 7-robot arm 8-impact needle 9-clamping plate 10-base material 11-clamp 12-laser cladding head 13-powder feeder 14-focusing lens 15-laser beam 16-metal powder 17-cladding layer 18-induction heating coil 19-workbench 20-induction heating device.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a method for combining high-frequency induction heating with adjustable and controllable microscopic structure and ultrasonic impact for eliminating cracks and pores, which can improve the laser cladding efficiency.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention adopts a method of combining high-frequency induction heating capable of improving laser cladding efficiency with ultrasonic impact capable of regulating microstructure and eliminating cracks and pores to prepare the high-performance defect-free metal cladding layer. The method overcomes the defects of microstructure coarsening and performance reduction caused by reduced temperature gradient and reduced cooling rate of a molten pool under the laser induction composite cladding technology, and provides a large amount of heterogeneous nucleation points for solidification nucleation of the next layer of laser molten pool through the effect of ultrasonic impact on grain fragmentation, so that a high-performance cladding layer with uniform and fine grain distribution, refined and homogenized microstructure and no crack and pore defects is obtained in the high-efficiency rapid laser cladding process. Meanwhile, corresponding energy can be saved, and the method is energy-saving and environment-friendly. The method has the advantages of flexible regulation and control, easy operation, strong universality, high efficiency and high quality, and can promote the large-area application of the laser cladding technology in industrialization.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for the electromagnetic heating ultrasonic impact assisted laser cladding additive manufacturing method of the present invention. The specific steps of the method of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the figures:
example 1
And installing and fixing the polished, cleaned and dried substrate 10 on a clamp 8.
And (3) putting the proportioned hastelloy X powder 15 into a powder feeder 12 after high-temperature drying.
The induction heating coil is set within 1mm, and after the preheating temperature is set to 200 ℃, the induction heating power supply is automatically adjusted, and the substrate 10 is preheated by high-frequency induction heating.
Setting laser cladding processing parameters as laser power of 1600W, spot diameter of 4mm, scanning speed of 500mm/min and overlapping rate of 60%. And automatically opening the laser cladding device 3 to realize single-layer laser cladding of the base material after the surface temperature of the sample reaches a preset temperature.
The parameter current intensity of the ultrasonic impact device 1 is set to be 2A, the amplitude is 1mm, and the vibration frequency is 20 KHz. The moving speed of the impact gun is 50mm/min, the diameter of the needle head of the impact gun is 5mm, the number of the needle heads of the gun head is 5, the single-layer impact frequency is 2, and the impact line is followed. The laser 3 is automatically closed, and the ultrasonic impact device 1 and the laser scanner 4 are automatically opened to realize intelligent feedback ultrasonic impact treatment on the cladding layer.
After the ultrasonic impact is finished, the device 1 is automatically closed, the speed is set to be 2 ℃/min and the temperature is set to be 500 ℃, and the high-frequency induction heating device 19 is utilized to automatically carry out slow cooling treatment on the cladding layer.
And D, automatically starting the laser cladding device 3 after the temperature is reduced to 500 ℃, and repeating the steps D-F until cladding accumulation is completed.
The completed sample is shown in FIG. 2.
Example 2
The polished, cleaned and blow-dried substrate 10 is mounted and fixed on a table 19.
The proportioned iron powder 16 is put into a powder feeder 13 after being dried at high temperature.
The induction heating coil was set within 2mm, and after the preheating temperature was set to 150 ℃, the induction heating power supply was automatically adjusted to preheat the base material 10 by high-frequency induction heating.
Setting laser cladding processing parameters as laser power of 1200W, spot diameter of 4mm, scanning speed of 300mm/min and lapping rate of 50%, and automatically starting a laser cladding device 3 to realize single-layer laser cladding of the substrate after the surface temperature of the sample reaches a preset temperature.
The current intensity in the adjustment parameters of the ultrasonic impact device 1 is set to be 1.6A, the amplitude is 0.5mm, and the vibration frequency is 20 KHz. The moving speed of the impact gun is 30mm/min, the diameter of the needle head of the impact gun is 5mm, the number of the needle heads of the gun head is 5, the single-layer impact frequency is 2, after the circuit is impacted, the laser device 3 is automatically closed, and the ultrasonic impact device 1 and the laser scanner 4 are started to realize intelligent feedback ultrasonic impact treatment on the cladding layer.
And (3) automatically closing the device 1 after the ultrasonic impact is finished, and automatically performing slow cooling treatment on the cladding layer by using a high-frequency induction heating device, wherein the cooling rate is 5 ℃/min and is reduced to 550 ℃.
And (4) after the temperature is reduced to 550 ℃, automatically starting the laser cladding device 3, and repeating the steps D-F until cladding accumulation is completed.
The completed sample is shown in FIG. 3.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A composite energy field assisted laser cladding additive method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 100: mounting and fixing the base material 10 which is polished, cleaned and dried on a clamp 8;
step 200: putting the proportioned metal powder into a powder feeder 12 after drying at high temperature;
step 300: setting parameters of an electromagnetic induction heating device, automatically adjusting an induction heating power supply 19, and preheating the base material 10 by a high-frequency induction heating coil 17 to keep the surface temperature of the base material 10 at 150-300 ℃;
step 400: after the surface temperature of the sample reaches a preset temperature, automatically starting a laser cladding device 3 to realize single-layer laser cladding on the substrate 10;
step 500: heating the sample to be tested to a set temperature by adopting an electromagnetic induction heating device;
step 600: turning off the laser, and after setting impact parameters, intelligently turning on the ultrasonic impact device 1 and the laser scanning equipment 4 to carry out ultrasonic impact treatment on the laser scanning feedback control of the cladding surface;
step 700: after the ultrasonic impact is finished, the device 1 is automatically impacted by ultrasonic waves, and meanwhile, the high-frequency induction heating device 20 is intelligently started to carry out a preset slow cooling treatment program on the cladding layer 17;
step 800: after slowly cooling to a certain temperature, the laser cladding device 3 is automatically restarted, and laser cladding material increase is continuously carried out on the upper cladding layer 17.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step 100: the base material 10 which is polished, cleaned and dried is arranged and fixed on the base material 10 in the clamp 8 and is clamped and positioned on the workbench 19 through the screw 11 and the pressing sheet 9.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step 200: and putting the proportioned metal powder into a powder feeder 12 after drying at high temperature, wherein the metal powder 15 is nickel-based, cobalt-based or iron-based self-fluxing alloy powder.
4. The composite energy field assisted laser cladding additive method of claim 1, wherein the detection of the preheating temperature in step 300 is performed by real-time online monitoring using an industrial online infrared thermometer 2.
5. The composite energy field-assisted laser cladding additive method according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic induction heating device 20 and the industrial temperature measuring instrument 2 in the steps 300 and 700 have a feedback control relationship, and the industrial temperature measuring instrument intelligently controls the electromagnetic induction heating power and time in a feedback manner, so that precise temperature rise and temperature control are realized.
6. The composite energy field assisted laser cladding material increase method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 400, the laser cladding head 12 is automatically controlled by the robot arm 4, laser cladding in different directions and angles can be performed, the cladding parameter range is that laser power is 1200-1600W, the spot diameter is 1-4 mm, the scanning speed is 300-14000 mm/min, and the lap joint rate is 40-60%.
7. The composite energy field assisted laser cladding additive method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 600, parameters of the ultrasonic impact device 1 are generally set to be 1.6-2A in current intensity, 1 mm-2 mm in amplitude range, 20KHz in vibration frequency, 0.5mm/s in moving speed of the impact gun, and 1-2 times in single-layer impact frequency.
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CN115229219A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-10-25 | 天津大学 | Multi-field-assisted laser melting deposition composite additive manufacturing system |
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CN103305828A (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2013-09-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Device for strengthening laser cladding layer by ultrasonic impact and method thereof |
CN106637200A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-10 | 江苏大学 | Method for preparing metallic-matrix ceramic coating by using laser cladding assisted by heat, sound and magnetic complex energy field |
CN107649682A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2018-02-02 | 西安交通大学 | The method of ultrasonic impact and sensing heating refining laser increasing material manufacturing titanium alloy crystal grain |
CN110421167A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-11-08 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of method of inductance ultrasonic coupling auxiliary Direct Laser deposited metal material |
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Patent Citations (4)
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CN103305828A (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2013-09-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Device for strengthening laser cladding layer by ultrasonic impact and method thereof |
CN106637200A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-10 | 江苏大学 | Method for preparing metallic-matrix ceramic coating by using laser cladding assisted by heat, sound and magnetic complex energy field |
CN107649682A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2018-02-02 | 西安交通大学 | The method of ultrasonic impact and sensing heating refining laser increasing material manufacturing titanium alloy crystal grain |
CN110421167A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-11-08 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of method of inductance ultrasonic coupling auxiliary Direct Laser deposited metal material |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN115229219B (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2023-11-07 | 天津大学 | Multi-field assisted laser melting deposition composite additive manufacturing system |
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