CN118059107A - 一种盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体及其药用缓释制剂 - Google Patents
一种盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体及其药用缓释制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- ivabradine hydrochloride
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Abstract
本发明属于医药制剂领域,具体涉及一种盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体及其药用缓释制剂。该缓释制剂,是先将盐酸伊伐布雷定与介孔二氧化硅混合制得复合物,然后与小烛树蜡通过热熔挤出法制备固体分散体,再将其与羟丙甲纤维素及其它药学上可接受的辅料混合压片。该缓释制剂制备方法简便易操作,且可提高药物的稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药制剂领域,具体涉及一种盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体及其药用缓释制剂。
背景技术
盐酸伊伐布雷定化学名为3-(3-{[((7S)-3,4-二甲氧基双环[4.2.0]辛-1,3,5-三烯-7-基)甲基]-甲氨基}丙基)-1,3,4,5-四氢-7,8-二甲氧基-2H-3-苯并氮杂-2-酮盐酸盐,分子式为C27H36N2O5·HCl,分子量为505.05,结构式如下:
。
盐酸伊伐布雷定由法国施维雅(Servier)公司研制,于2005年10月25日获得欧盟EMA批准上市,分别由施维雅和安进在欧洲和美国上市销售,商品名均为Corlentor。伊伐布雷定是一种选择性特异性心脏起搏器If抑制剂,通过抑制窦房结高流通的If内流,使起搏细胞动作电位舒张期去极延缓,从而减慢心率。该药适用于冠状动脉病的慢性稳定型心绞痛患者,心率>60次/分;以及NYHA II至IV级慢性心力衰竭伴随收缩功能障碍患者,窦性心律,心率75次/分,结合标准治疗,包括β-受体阻滞剂治疗或当禁用β-受体阻滞剂治疗或对其不耐受时。目前,盐酸伊伐布雷定片已在德国、韩国、中国、英国、日本上市。
目前上市的盐酸伊伐布雷定片为速释片剂,规格为5mg和7.5mg(以伊伐布雷定计),用法为口服,一日两次,早、晚进餐时服用。通常推荐的起始剂量为5mg,一日两次。治疗2周后,如果患者的静息心率持续高于60次/分钟,将剂量增加至7.5mg,一日两次;如果患者的静息心率持续低于50次/分钟或出现与心动过缓有关的症状,例如头晕、疲劳或低血压,应将剂量下调至2.5mg,一日两次;如果患者的心率在50和60次/分钟之间,应维持5mg,一日两次。治疗期间,如果患者的静息心率持续低于50次/分钟,或者出现与心动过缓有关的症状,应将7.5mg或5mg一日两次的剂量下调至下一个较低的剂量。如果患者的静息心率持续高于60次/分钟,应将2.5mg或5mg一日两次的剂量上调至上一个较高的剂量。
本品口服给药后能够迅速、彻底的吸收,在空腹状态下1h能够达到峰浓度。在患者体内,伊伐布雷定的血浆蛋白结合率大约为70%,表观分布容积在稳态下接近100L。在推荐给药每次5mg,每日两次的长期给药中,最大血浆浓度为22ng/mL(CV=29%),稳态下的平均血浆浓度为10ng/mL(CV=38%)在肝脏和消化道内,伊伐布雷定仅通过细胞色素P1503A4发生氧化作用从而被代谢,主要的活性代谢物为N-去甲基化衍生物。伊伐布雷定在血浆中的消除半衰期为2h,有效半衰期为11h,总清除率为400mL/min,肾脏消除率为70mL/min。
伊伐布雷定的药代动力学曲线呈线性,口服剂量范围为0.5mg~24mg。使用剂量增加至15mg~20mg(每日两次),能够增加伊伐布雷定和主要代谢物的血浆浓度,从而使心率的降低呈线性。
在临床用药中发现,服用盐酸伊伐布雷定速释片剂后,患者容易出现血药浓度上升过快从而导致心率下降过快的现象,使心率减少持续低于50次/分,患者或感受到涉及心跳缓慢的症状。此外,盐酸伊伐布雷定的血药浓度高时容易产生毒副作用;血药浓度低时,可能在有效浓度之下,起不到治疗效果。为了减少本品在临床使用中血药浓度出现峰谷现象,引起血药浓度的短暂升高后迅速消除,临床上需要盐酸伊伐布雷定的缓释制剂。
CN1482901A公开了一种控释释放的伊伐布雷定可热成型的固体药物组合物,该专利只涉及到可热成型的固体药物组合物,未公开使用何种类型的药物制剂。另外该专利采用了挤出热成型技术和注塑热成型技术,技术工艺比较复杂,需要将药物和辅料加热到较高的温度(130℃),有可能导致药物的降解。
CN102908327B公开了一种含有伊伐布雷定和释骨架材料组成的缓释制剂。虽然其为缓释制剂,仍未达到非恒速释药效果;人体内的胃肠环境对药物的释放和吸收影响较大,该制剂还存在一定的血药波动现象,个体差异性较大。此外,该专利中使用的聚氧乙烯熔点较低、流动性差,压片易粘冲、制粒困难,不利于生产中操作;聚氧乙烯有效期较短,也难以保证制剂的质量。
CN104398486B公开了一种包括片芯和包衣膜的盐酸伊伐布雷定渗透泵控释片,其中片芯由含药层、助推层组成,并在含药层的一侧打小孔,含药层是由药物活性成分、混悬剂、渗透压活性剂及其他辅料组成,助推层由溶胀剂和渗透压活性剂、润滑剂组成,包衣膜有半透性高分子材料和致孔剂组成。CN112618506A公开了一种盐酸伊伐布雷定单层渗透泵控释片及其制备方法,其中单层渗透泵控释片包括片芯、半透包衣膜和释药小孔三部分。上述渗透泵多适用于难溶性药物渗透泵制剂的制备,释药过程由聚合物层膨胀产生推动力而将药物混悬液推出释药孔,而盐酸伊伐布雷定在水中溶解度为50mg/mL(即100g水中可以溶解5g的盐酸伊伐布雷定),属于可溶性药物,制备成渗透泵片,水分进入片芯,仍可能造成局部药物浓度过高引发药物突释。
CN112294777B公开了一种盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释硬胶囊,缓释制剂由空白丸芯、含药层、隔离衣层、缓释衣层和保护衣层组成。该工艺包含喷涂含药混悬液上药、喷涂隔离衣、缓释衣、保护衣等流化床包衣步骤,包衣周期长,生产效率低。该工艺包含还使用十二烷基硫酸钠等表面活性剂增溶,对胃肠道有一定刺激性。
现有技术中,盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释制剂存在各种缺陷,仍不能满足临床应用和实际生产的应用,亟需提供一种可改善多次服药期间易产生的血药浓度峰谷现象、制备工艺简便易行的盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释制剂。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释制剂,该缓释制剂可改善多次服药期间易产生的血药浓度峰谷现象,制备方法简便易操作,且可提高药物的稳定性。
具体而言,本发明通过以下技术方案来实现。
一种盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体,所述固体分散体包含盐酸伊伐布雷定、介孔二氧化硅和小烛树蜡。
优选地,所述盐酸伊伐布雷定与介孔二氧化硅的重量比为1:1~5。
进一步优选地,所述盐酸伊伐布雷定与介孔二氧化硅的重量比为1:1~3。
优选地,所述盐酸伊伐布雷定与小烛树蜡的重量比为1:2~9。
进一步优选地,所述盐酸伊伐布雷定与小烛树蜡的重量比为1:4~8。
本发明的第二方面,提供了一种包含上述盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体的缓释片,所述缓释片还包含羟丙甲纤维素和其它药学上可接受的辅料。
优选地,所述羟丙甲纤维素的型号为K4M、K10M、K15M或K100M。
优选地,所述羟丙甲纤维素的重量占素片片重的30%~60%。
进一步优选地,所述羟丙甲纤维素的重量占素片片重的45%。
优选地,所述的其它药学上可接受的辅料为填充剂和润滑剂。
进一步优选地,所述的填充剂选自乳糖、甘露醇、纤维素乳糖中的一种或几种。
更为优选地,所述的填充剂的重量占素片片重的26.5~45%。
进一步优选地,所述的润滑剂选自硬脂酸镁、硬脂富马酸钠、硬脂酸钙中的一种或几种。
更为优选地,所述的润滑剂的重量占素片片重的1%。
优选地,所述的每片中盐酸伊伐布雷定的用量为,按伊伐布雷定计,5~15mg。
本发明不限定盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释片的包衣材料,可采用常规的包衣材料。
本发明的第三方面,提供了一种盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释片的制备方法,包含如下操作步骤:将盐酸伊伐布雷定溶于乙醇中,加入介孔二氧化硅搅拌均匀,喷雾干燥,得盐酸伊伐布雷定介孔二氧化硅复合物;然后将小烛树蜡加热熔融,加入前述所得的复合物,混合均匀,挤出,放冷,过筛,得盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体;最后将盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体、羟丙甲纤维素、填充剂混合均匀,加入润滑剂混合均匀,压片,即得。
优选地,所述制备方法中,小烛树蜡加热熔融的温度为60~75℃。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下突出优点:
1、本发明提供的含伊伐布雷定固体分散体的缓释制剂,可改善多次服药期间易产生的血药浓度峰谷现象,并提高药物的稳定性,提高了药物的疗效和用药安全性,更有利于减少服药次数、提高患者顺应性;
2、本发明提供的缓释制剂,处方不含表面活性剂等可能引起安全性的材料,提高了用药的安全性;
3、本发明提供的缓释制剂,制备方法简单,操作方便,对工业化生产具有更重要意义。
附图说明
图1实施例1不同处方和对比例3的体外释放曲线
图2实施例2不同处方的体外释放曲线
图3实施例3~7的体外释放曲线
图4实施例5与对比例1~5的体外释放曲线
图5实施例5盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释片(T)与速释片(R)药时曲线
具体实施方式
下面列举具体实施方式对本发明予以进一步说明,但不以任何方式限制本发明的范围,本领域技术人员根据本发明的基本思想,可以做出各种修改或改进,但是只要不脱离本发明的基本思想,均在本发明的范围之内。
实施例1按下面表1中的处方制备不同的盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体
表1载体材料不同的固体分散体
处方1~5的制备工艺:
将处方量的盐酸伊伐布雷定溶于乙醇中,加入载体材料I搅拌均匀,喷雾干燥,得盐酸伊伐布雷定载体复合物;将载体材料II加热熔融,加入前述制备的复合物混合均匀,挤出,放冷,过筛,得盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体。
处方6的制备工艺:
将盐酸伊伐布雷定加入熔融的共聚维酮,挤出,放冷,过筛,得盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体。
实施例2按下面表2中的处方制备不同的盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体
表2不同比例的固体分散体
制备工艺:
将盐酸伊伐布雷定溶于乙醇中,加入介孔二氧化硅搅拌均匀,喷雾干燥,得盐酸伊伐布雷定介孔二氧化硅复合物;将小烛树蜡60~75℃加热熔融,加入盐酸伊伐布雷定介孔二氧化硅复合物混合均匀,挤出,放冷,过筛,得盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体。
实施例3盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释片的制备
制备工艺:
按处方量称取盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体、羟丙甲纤维素K100M、羟丙甲纤维素K4M、甘露醇200SD加入三维混合机中,设定频率50HZ,混合30min;按处方量加入硬脂酸钙,设定频率50HZ,混合5min;压片,控制片硬度80N~140N,即得。
实施例4盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释片的制备
制备工艺:
按处方量称取盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体、羟丙甲纤维素K100M、羟丙甲纤维素K4M、纤维素乳糖加入三维混合机中,设定频率50HZ,混合30min;按处方量加入硬脂酸镁,设定频率50HZ,混合5min;压片,控制片硬度80N~140N,即得。
实施例5盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释片的制备
制备工艺:
按处方量称取盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体、羟丙甲纤维素K15M、羟丙甲纤维素K4M、乳糖T80加入三维混合机中,设定频率50HZ,混合30min;按处方量加入硬脂酸镁,设定频率50HZ,混合5min;压片,控制片硬度80N~140N,即得。
实施例6盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释片的制备
制备工艺:
按处方量称取盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体、羟丙甲纤维素K15M、羟丙甲纤维素K4M、乳糖Flowlac 100加入三维混合机中,设定频率50HZ,混合30min;按处方量加入硬脂富马酸钠,设定频率50HZ,混合5min;压片,控制片硬度80N~140N,即得。
实施例7盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释片的制备
制备工艺:
按处方量称取盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体、羟丙甲纤维素K15M、羟丙甲纤维素K100、甘露醇100SD加入三维混合机中,设定频率50HZ,混合30min;按处方量加入硬脂酸钙,设定频率50HZ,混合5min;压片,控制片硬度80N~140N,即得。
实施例8
制备工艺:
按处方量称取盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体、羟丙甲纤维素K15M、羟丙甲纤维素K4M、乳糖T80加入三维混合机中,设定频率50HZ,混合30min;按处方量加入硬脂酸镁,设定频率50HZ,混合5min;压片,控制片硬度80N~140N,即得。
对比例1
制备工艺:
按处方量称取盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体、羟丙甲纤维素K15M、羟丙甲纤维素K4M、乳糖T80加入三维混合机中,设定频率50HZ,混合30min;按处方量加入硬脂酸镁,设定频率50HZ,混合5min;压片,控制片硬度80N~140N,即得。
对比例2
制备工艺:
按处方量称取盐酸伊伐布雷定、介孔二氧化硅、小烛树蜡、羟丙甲纤维素K15M、羟丙甲纤维素K4M、乳糖T80加入三维混合机中,设定频率50HZ,混合30min;按处方量加入硬脂酸镁,设定频率50HZ,混合5min;压片,控制片硬度80N~140N,即得。
对比例3按CN1482901A制备固体分散体
制备工艺:
按处方量称取盐酸伊伐布雷定、聚甲基丙烯酸酯RLPO、聚甲基丙烯酸酯RSPO混合均匀,100℃~120℃热熔挤出,挤出模头孔径4mm,螺杆挤出速度10转/min。
对比例4按CN102908327B制备片剂
制备工艺:
按处方量称取盐酸伊伐布雷定、Polyox303、Kollodon SR、磷酸氢钙、山嵛酸甘油酯加入三维混合机中,设定频率50HZ,混合30min;按处方量加入硬脂酸镁,设定频率50HZ,混合5min;压片,控制片硬度80N~140N,即得。
验证实施例
实验例1:不同载体材料对盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体释放度的影响
将实施例1中的处方1~6和对比例3所得的盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体装入胶囊中,评价其释放行为。条件如下:
取本品12粒/片,照溶出度与释放度测定法(中国药典2020年版四部通则0931第二法),以水900mL为溶出介质,转速为每分钟75转,依法操作,分别于不同时间点,取溶液滤过,弃去5mL初滤液,取续滤液作为供试品溶液;另取盐酸伊伐布雷定对照品适量,精密称定,加水溶解并定量稀释制成每1mL中约含伊伐布雷定12μg的溶液,作为对照品溶液。照含量测定项下的色谱条件,精密量取供试品溶液与对照品溶液各100μl,分别注入液相色谱仪,记录色谱图。按外标法以峰面积计算每片的释放度。
液相色谱图数据见表3和图1。
结果表明,本发明处方1中使用介孔二氧化硅和小烛树蜡的组合,缓释作用远远优于其它载体材料。
表3盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体释放度测定结果(%)
取样时间 | 处方1 | 处方2 | 处方3 | 处方4 | 处方5 | 处方6 |
1h | 32.65 | 43.22 | 44.69 | 50.67 | 51.15 | 89.65 |
2h | 49.27 | 72.17 | 73.89 | 79.19 | 78.01 | 96.99 |
4h | 70.26 | 90.96 | 92.96 | 89.33 | 88.36 | 99.08 |
8h | 88.65 | 99.87 | 99.21 | 99.26 | 98.76 | 99.11 |
12h | 96.82 | 99.98 | 100.55 | 99.78 | 99.25 | 99.21 |
18h | 100.03 | 100.12 | 100.63 | 99.86 | 99.81 | 99.36 |
24h | 100.11 | 100.35 | 100.89 | 99.99 | 99.98 | 99.33 |
实验例2:盐酸伊伐布雷定与载体介孔二氧化硅和小烛树蜡的比例对固体分散体释放度的影响
将实施例2中的处方1、7~12所得的盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体装入胶囊中,评价其释放行为。释放度测定方法同上述实验例1。
液相色谱图数据见表4和图2。
结果表明,本发明处方1、7和8固体分散体中的介孔二氧化硅和小烛树蜡的含量适中,释放效果优异。固体分散体中的介孔二氧化硅和小烛树蜡的含量过大或过小都不利于提高缓释效果,介孔二氧化硅与盐酸伊伐布雷定的比例大于5:1,或者小烛树蜡与盐酸伊伐布雷定的比例大于9:1,例如处方10和处方12,会导致释放过于缓慢,释放不完全;介孔二氧化硅与盐酸伊伐布雷定的比例小于1:1,或者小烛树蜡与盐酸伊伐布雷定的比例小于2:1,例如处方9和11,释放稍快,达不到优异的缓释效果。
表4盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体释放度测定结果(%)
实验例3:盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释片的释放度测定
将实施例3~8和对比例1~4所得的盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释片,按上述实验例1中释放度的测定方法测定释放度。
液相色谱图数据见表5、图3和4。结果表明,实施例3~8通过介孔二氧化硅、硬脂酸及羟丙甲纤维素的综合作用,具有较好的缓释效果,缓释时间长达24h,优于采用现有技术的对比例3和4(缓释时间16~18h);对比例1制剂处方中HPMC用量过量,药物释放不完全;对比例2制剂处方中未制备固体分散体,药物释放过快。
表5盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释片释放度测定结果(%)
实验例4:盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释片在40℃/75%RH条件下加速6个月的稳定性考察
避光条件下,取本品细粉适量,精密称定,加10%乙腈溶液溶解并稀释制成每1mL中约含伊伐布雷定1mg的溶液,作为供试品溶液。照高效液相色谱法(中国药典2020年版四部通则0512)试验,以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂(Ultimate XB-C18,4.6mm×250mm5μm或效能相当的色谱柱);以0.05mol/L磷酸二氢铵溶液(用氨水调节pH值至7.0)为流动相A,乙腈为流动相B,按下面表6进行线性梯度洗脱。检测波长220nm,流速为每分钟1.0mL。
表6流动相梯度洗脱条件
精密量取供试品溶液与对照溶液各10μl,分别注入液相色谱仪,记录色谱图。供试品溶液色谱图中有杂质峰,单个杂质峰面积不得大于0.20%,各杂质峰面积的和不得大于1.0%。
表7盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释片有关物质(%)
由以上结果可知,实施例3~8稳定性均较好,40℃75%RH加速6个月有关物质增加不明显;对比例3采用现有技术,加速过程中有关物质显著增大;对比例4采用现有技术,处方中所用聚氧乙烯容易氧化,加速过程中有关物质增加明显。
实验例5:药代动力学研究
将实施例5制备的盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释片(10mg)与法国施维雅公司生产的盐酸伊伐布雷定片(5mg)采用空腹条件下的开放、随机、二周期、双交叉的药代动力学对比试验,试验结果如图5所示。
(1)试验制剂
受试制剂(T):实施例5制备的盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释片(10mg)(缓释片)
参比制剂(R):盐酸伊伐布雷定片(5mg)(原研速释片)
(2)受试者分组
将入选的12名健康受试者随机分为2组,I组和II组,每组6人。第一周期时,I组口服参比制剂R,给药剂量10mg,分两次给药,每次5mg,给药间隔8h。II组口服受试制剂T,给药剂量10mg,单次给药。间隔1周清洗期后进行交叉试验。
(3)采样周期
采血时间点如图5所示。采样过程为:采取肘静脉血4mL,置肝素抗凝管中,于4℃条件下以4000rpm离心5min,分离出血浆,将血浆分为两份,取1mL血浆加入试验样品管,剩余血浆加入备份管。分离血浆置-20℃冰箱保存待测。在第8天进行交叉给药,并随后进行相同的血样采集过程。在整个试验期间观察受试者生命体征及不良事件以保证其安全。
(4)血药浓度测定
采用LC-MS/MS方法测定各血浆样品中伊伐布雷定、去甲伊伐布雷定的浓度,经药代动力学统计软件WinNonlin v6.4计算,完成生物统计分析。
表8空腹等效性结果(N=12,伊伐布雷定)
Dependent | Ratio_%Ref_ | CI_90_Lower | CI_90_Upper | CV |
Ln(Cmax) | 62.65 | 53.13 | 73.88 | 0.2256 |
Ln(AUClast) | 102.85 | 90.61 | 116.74 | 0.1726 |
Ln(AUCINF_obs) | 108.17 | 94.46 | 123.88 | 0.1848 |
表9空腹等效性结果(N=12,去甲基伊伐布雷定)
Dependent | Ratio_%Ref_ | CI_90_Lower | CI_90_Upper | CV |
Ln(Cmax) | 72.39 | 64.65 | 81.04 | 0.1536 |
Ln(AUClast) | 94.20 | 86.70 | 102.36 | 0.1126 |
Ln(AUCINF_obs) | 94.39 | 86.33 | 103.21 | 0.1212 |
由以上结果可以看出,本发明制备的缓释片相比于原研速释片Cmax明显降低,AUC与速释片等效。本发明制备的缓释片改善了2次服药期间易产生的血药浓度峰谷现象,克服了服用速释片后血药浓度上升过快导致心律下降过快的副作用,另外本发明的缓释片显著延长了药物的体内滞留时间,长达24小时,显示出良好的缓释效果。
Claims (10)
1.一种盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体,其特征在于,所述固体分散体包含盐酸伊伐布雷定、介孔二氧化硅和小烛树蜡。
2.如权利要求1所述的固体分散体,其特征在于,所述盐酸伊伐布雷定与介孔二氧化硅的重量比为1:1~5。
3.如权利要求1所述的固体分散体,其特征在于,所述盐酸伊伐布雷定与小烛树蜡的重量比为1:2~9。
4.一种包含权利要求1所述的盐酸伊伐布雷定固体分散体的缓释片,其特征在于,所述缓释片还包含羟丙甲纤维素和其它药学上可接受的辅料。
5.如权利要求4所述的缓释片,其特征在于,所述羟丙甲纤维素的重量占素片片重的30%~60%。
6.如权利要求4所述的缓释片,其特征在于,所述的其它药学上可接受的辅料为填充剂和润滑剂。
7.如权利要求6所述的缓释片,其特征在于,所述的填充剂选自乳糖、甘露醇、纤维素乳糖中的一种或几种。
8.如权利要求7所述的缓释片,其特征在于,所述的填充剂的重量占素片片重的26.5~45%。
9.如权利要求6所述的缓释片,其特征在于,所述的润滑剂选自硬脂酸镁、硬脂富马酸钠、硬脂酸钙中的一种或几种。
10.一种盐酸伊伐布雷定缓释片的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包含如下操作步骤:先将盐酸伊伐布雷定与介孔二氧化硅混合制得复合物,然后与小烛树蜡通过热熔挤出法制备固体分散体,再将其与羟丙甲纤维素及其它药学上可接受的辅料混合压片。
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