CN118028691A - Ductile iron casting formula and operation process - Google Patents
Ductile iron casting formula and operation process Download PDFInfo
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- CN118028691A CN118028691A CN202410236913.7A CN202410236913A CN118028691A CN 118028691 A CN118028691 A CN 118028691A CN 202410236913 A CN202410236913 A CN 202410236913A CN 118028691 A CN118028691 A CN 118028691A
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- Prior art keywords
- ductile iron
- antimony
- nodulizer
- inoculant
- iron casting
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- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 6
- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- FAWGZAFXDJGWBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony(3+) Chemical compound [Sb+3] FAWGZAFXDJGWBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018619 Si-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008455 Si—Ca Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008289 Si—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a ductile iron casting formula and an operation process, which belong to the technical field of ductile iron preparation, and comprise the steps of taking raw materials according to the formula proportion to melt and then tapping; placing the nodulizer at the bottom of the treatment ladle for compaction, and covering the nodulizer with the inoculant for compaction; the molten iron begins to spheroidize after encountering inoculant and spheroidizing agent, and antimony is added in the process of spheroidizing for 30-35 seconds; pouring after the spheroidization is finished, wherein antimony accounts for 0.01% -0.02% of the total weight, and the content of titanium in the raw materials is 0.025% -0.045%. The invention provides a ductile iron casting formula and an operation process, which realize the purposes of low cost and simple process of adding alloy elements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ductile iron preparation, in particular to a ductile iron casting formula and an operation process.
Background
The ductile iron, which is totally called as ball-milling cast iron, refers to cast iron in which carbon is precipitated as spheroidal graphite in the solidification process of molten iron. It features that alloy element and graphite, such as Si-Fe and Si-Ca alloy, are added to molten iron to promote carbon to exist in spherical graphite crystal form, and this treatment makes the strength and toughness of spherical iron superior to those of ordinary gray cast iron. Compared with gray cast iron, the maximum difference of the metallographic structure is the change of the shape of graphite, so that the existence of sharp graphite in the gray cast iron is avoided, the notch effect of graphite on a metal matrix is greatly reduced, the stress concentration phenomenon caused by flake graphite is basically eliminated, the strength utilization rate of the metal matrix reaches 70-90%, and the performance of the metal matrix is greatly exerted.
Because of these characteristics, spheroidal graphite cast iron is often used for producing parts with high requirements on strength, toughness, wear resistance and the like, such as crankshafts and camshafts, as well as accessories of medium-pressure valves and the like of general machinery. Common ductile cast iron brands generally include ferrite type QT500-7, QT450-12, QT600-3, and the like. Taking QT500-7 as an example, Q, T represents the meaning of ductile iron, QT500-7 means that the tensile strength is 500MPa, the elongation is not less than 7%, the graphite morphology exists in a spherical shape, and the graphite grade is generally 2-3 grade. Castings made of QT600 and above materials are cast, copper and tin are required to be added in the prior art to optimize the spheroidization quality of molten iron, the matrix structure of the castings is improved, the mechanical properties of the castings are improved, and the mass of the added copper and tin is usually between 0.1% and 2% of the total mass, so that the cost is high.
Therefore, a ductile iron casting formula and an operation process are needed to be provided, and the problem of high cost for adding alloy elements in the prior art is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a ductile iron casting formula and an operation process, which can realize the purposes of low cost and simple process of adding alloy elements.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a ductile iron casting formula, which comprises 0.01 to 0.02 percent of antimony by weight of the whole raw material.
According to the ductile iron casting formula provided by the invention, the antimony element is added into the raw materials, so that the ferrite morphology is improved, the spheroidization rate of the spheroidal graphite cast iron is improved greatly, the plasticity and toughness of the ductile iron are also improved, the wear resistance is enhanced, the matrix is strengthened, and the mechanical property of the casting is improved and the cost is reduced because the antimony is far less than the elements such as copper and tin.
Optionally, the content of titanium in the raw material is 0.025-0.045%.
According to the invention, the content of titanium element is controlled to be 0.025-0.045%, and the interference of antimony element on spheroidization of ductile iron is reduced and the tensile strength, elongation, hardness and wear resistance of the ductile iron are improved through the synergistic effect of titanium element and antimony element.
Optionally, the alloy comprises 60-70% of scrap steel, 30-40% of pig iron and 0.015% of antimony.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention also provides a ductile iron casting operation process, which comprises the steps of taking raw materials according to the formula proportion, melting and tapping; placing the nodulizer at the bottom of the treatment ladle for compaction, and covering the nodulizer with the inoculant for compaction; the molten iron begins to spheroidize after encountering inoculant and spheroidizing agent, and antimony is added in the process of spheroidizing for 30-35 seconds; and pouring after the spheroidization is finished.
The ductile iron casting operation process provided by the invention is limited to adding antimony in the process of spheroidizing for 30-35 seconds, can greatly improve the pearlite content, the number of balls and the sphericity of the balls, not only improves the strength, but also improves the toughness, is simple to operate, has stable process control, and saves 23 times of the cost of adding copper or tin.
Optionally, the tapping water temperature is controlled to be 1420-1480 ℃.
Optionally, the height to diameter ratio of the processing package is 2:1.
Optionally, the particle sizes of the inoculant and the nodulizer are 10 nm-20 nm.
Alternatively, the casting is completed within 8 minutes after the spheroidization reaction.
The technical scheme of the invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a ductile iron casting formula and an operation process, which are characterized in that under the condition of avoiding the use of elements with large addition amounts of copper, tin and the like, the weight ratio of antimony to titanium is respectively controlled, the spheroidization rate of ductile iron is improved, the hardness is enhanced, the time for adding antimony in the synergistic process is shortened, the process is simple, the operation is easy, and the plasticity, the toughness and the wear resistance of ductile iron are enhanced while the cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing tensile test strength of ductile iron in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing tensile test strength data of ductile iron in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to fig. 1 to 2 of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which are obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
Example 1
Taking 60% of waste iron, 39.075% of pig iron and 0.015% of antimony by mass percent, melting molten iron by an intermediate frequency induction furnace, controlling the temperature of molten iron to 1480 ℃, taking rare earth magnesium alloy as a nodulizer, taking silicon iron containing 75% of silicon as an inoculant, taking the particle sizes of the inoculant and the nodulizer to 15nm, placing the nodulizer at a treatment ladle bottom for compaction and tamping, and covering the nodulizer with the inoculant for compaction and tamping; the molten iron begins to spheroidize when meeting inoculant and spheroidizing agent, and antimony is added when spheroidizing for 30 s; and (5) pouring is completed within 8 minutes after the spheroidization is finished.
The ratio of each element in the raw materials used in this example was
The duty ratio of each element after spheroidization in this embodiment is
Various test tests were performed on the ductile iron prepared in example 1, wherein the tensile test gave fig. 1, 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the ductile iron prepared in example 1 had a tensile strength of 756MPa and an elongation of 6%. The graphite type was grade 2, the graphite size was grade 6, the pearlite was 95%, and the ferrite was 5%.
According to the ductile iron casting formula provided by the invention, the antimony element is added into the raw materials, so that the ferrite morphology is improved, the spheroidization rate of the spheroidal graphite cast iron is improved greatly, the plasticity and toughness of the ductile iron are also improved, the wear resistance is enhanced, the matrix is strengthened, and the mechanical property of the casting is improved and the cost is reduced because the antimony is far less than the elements such as copper and tin.
The ductile iron casting operation process provided by the invention is limited to adding antimony in the process of spheroidizing for 30-35 seconds, can greatly improve the pearlite content, the number of balls and the sphericity of the balls, not only improves the strength, but also improves the toughness, is simple to operate, has stable process control, and saves 23 times of the cost of adding copper or tin.
Example 2
Taking 60% of waste iron, 39.09% of pig iron and 0.010% of antimony by mass percent, melting molten iron by an intermediate frequency induction furnace, controlling the temperature of the molten iron to 1450 ℃, taking rare earth magnesium alloy as a nodulizer, taking silicon iron containing 75% of silicon as an inoculant, taking the grain sizes of the inoculant and the nodulizer to be 15nm, placing the nodulizer at a treatment ladle bottom for compaction and tamping, and covering the nodulizer with the inoculant for compaction and tamping; the molten iron begins to spheroidize when meeting inoculant and spheroidizing agent, and antimony is added in the process of spheroidizing for 35 s; and (5) pouring is completed within 8 minutes after the spheroidization is finished.
Various test tests were carried out on the ductile iron prepared in example 2, and the ductile iron prepared in example 2 has a tensile strength of 806MPa and an elongation of 7%. The graphite type was grade 2, the graphite size was grade 6, the pearlite was 95%, and the ferrite was 5%.
Example 3
Taking 60% of waste iron, 39.088% of pig iron and 0.012% of antimony by mass percent, melting molten iron by an intermediate frequency induction furnace, controlling the temperature of molten iron to 1420 ℃, taking rare earth magnesium alloy as a nodulizer, taking silicon iron containing 75% of silicon as an inoculant, taking the grain sizes of the inoculant and the nodulizer to be 15nm, placing the nodulizer at a treatment ladle bottom for compaction and tamping, and covering the nodulizer with the inoculant for compaction and tamping; the molten iron begins to spheroidize when meeting inoculant and spheroidizing agent, and antimony is added when spheroidizing for 30 s; and (5) pouring is completed within 8 minutes after the spheroidization is finished.
Various test tests were carried out on the ductile iron prepared in example 3, and the ductile iron prepared in example 3 has tensile strength of 717MPa and elongation of 10%. The graphite type was grade 2, the graphite size was grade 6, the pearlite was 85%, and the ferrite was 15%.
Comparative example 1
Taking 60% of waste iron, 40% of pig iron and molten iron in an intermediate frequency induction furnace according to the mass percentage, controlling the temperature of the molten iron to 1480 ℃, taking rare earth magnesium alloy as a nodulizer, taking silicon iron containing 75% of silicon as an inoculant, taking the particle sizes of the inoculant and the nodulizer as 15nm, placing the nodulizer at the bottom of a treatment ladle for compaction and tamping, and covering the nodulizer with the inoculant for compaction and tamping; the molten iron encounters the inoculant and the nodulizer to start nodulizing, and pouring is completed within 8 minutes after the nodulizing is finished.
That is, comparative example 1 was different from example 1 only in that antimony was not used, and the ductile iron prepared in comparative example 1 was subjected to various test tests, and the ductile iron prepared in comparative example 1 had a tensile strength of 659MPa and an elongation of 10%. The graphite type was grade 2, the graphite size was grade 6, the pearlite was 65%, and the ferrite was 35%.
As is clear from comparison of the test results of comparative example 1 and example 1, the addition of antimony has an enhancing effect on the tensile strength and pearlite content in the produced ductile iron.
Comparative example 2
Taking 60% of waste iron, 39.075% of pig iron and 0.015% of antimony by mass percent, melting molten iron by an intermediate frequency induction furnace, controlling the temperature of molten iron to 1480 ℃, taking rare earth magnesium alloy as a nodulizer, taking silicon iron containing 75% of silicon as an inoculant, taking the particle sizes of the inoculant and the nodulizer to 15nm, placing the nodulizer at a treatment ladle bottom for compaction and tamping, and covering the nodulizer with the inoculant for compaction and tamping; the molten iron begins to spheroidize when meeting inoculant and spheroidizing agent, and antimony is added when spheroidizing for 30 s; and (5) pouring is completed within 8 minutes after the spheroidization is finished.
That is, comparative example 2 was different from example 1 only in that the titanium content in the raw material was 0.18%, and the ductile iron prepared in comparative example 2 was tested by various tests, and the ductile iron prepared in comparative example 2 had a tensile strength of 562MPa and an elongation of 10.5%. The graphite type was grade 3, the graphite size was grade 5, the pearlite was 35%, and the ferrite was 65%.
From comparison of the test results of comparative example 2 with that of example 1, it is understood that the titanium content has an important effect on the tensile strength and pearlite content in the produced ductile iron in the case of adding antimony. The titanium content in the invention is 0.025-0.045%, and the plasticity and toughness and wear resistance of the ductile iron are enhanced by combining the content of the added antimony and the time for adding the antimony, so that the effect of strengthening the matrix is achieved.
Comparative example 3
Taking 60% of waste iron, 39.075% of pig iron and 0.015% of antimony by mass percent, melting molten iron by an intermediate frequency induction furnace, controlling the temperature of molten iron to 1480 ℃, taking rare earth magnesium alloy as a nodulizer, taking silicon iron containing 75% of silicon as an inoculant, taking the particle sizes of the inoculant and the nodulizer to 15nm, placing the nodulizer at a treatment ladle bottom for compaction and tamping, and covering the nodulizer with the inoculant for compaction and tamping; the molten iron begins to spheroidize when meeting inoculant and spheroidizing agent, and antimony is added when spheroidizing for 40 s; and (5) pouring is completed within 8 minutes after the spheroidization is finished.
That is, comparative example 3 was different from example 1 only in the time of adding antimony, and the ductile iron prepared in comparative example 3 was tested by various tests, and the ductile iron prepared in comparative example 3 had a tensile strength of 605MPa and an elongation of 11%. The graphite type was grade 3, the graphite size was grade 5, the pearlite was 50%, and the ferrite was 50%.
From comparison of the test results of comparative example 3 with that of example 1, it is understood that in the case of adding antimony, the addition time of antimony has an important influence on the tensile strength and pearlite content in the produced ductile iron. In the invention, antimony is added in the spheroidizing process for 30-35 seconds, and the plasticity and toughness and wear resistance of the ductile iron are enhanced by combining the content of the added antimony, so that the effect of strengthening the matrix is achieved.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and defined otherwise, for example, it may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intermediaries, or in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless explicitly defined otherwise, the meaning of the terms described above in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the specific circumstances.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention and are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A ductile iron casting formula is characterized in that antimony is included in raw materials, and the antimony accounts for 0.01% -0.02% of the total weight.
2. The ductile iron casting formulation according to claim 1 wherein the titanium content of the feedstock is 0.025 to 0.045%.
3. The ductile iron casting formulation according to claim 1 comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight, scrap steel 60-70%, pig iron 30-40% and antimony 0.015%.
4. A ductile iron casting operation process according to claim 1 comprising the steps of taking raw materials in a formulation ratio for melting and tapping; placing the nodulizer at the bottom of the treatment ladle for compaction, and covering the nodulizer with the inoculant for compaction; the molten iron begins to spheroidize after encountering inoculant and spheroidizing agent, and antimony is added in the process of spheroidizing for 30-35 seconds; and pouring after the spheroidization is finished.
5. The ductile iron casting operation according to claim 4 wherein the tapping water temperature is controlled at 1420-1480 ℃.
6. The ductile iron casting operation according to claim 4 wherein the height to diameter ratio of the treatment ladle is 2:1.
7. The ductile iron casting operation according to claim 4 wherein the inoculant and the nodulizer have a particle size of 10nm to 20nm.
8. The ductile iron casting operation according to claim 4 wherein said casting is completed within 8 minutes after the spheroidization reaction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410236913.7A CN118028691A (en) | 2024-03-01 | 2024-03-01 | Ductile iron casting formula and operation process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410236913.7A CN118028691A (en) | 2024-03-01 | 2024-03-01 | Ductile iron casting formula and operation process |
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| CN118028691A true CN118028691A (en) | 2024-05-14 |
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| Country | Link |
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