CN113088804A - Cast high-strength ductile iron and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Cast high-strength ductile iron and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113088804A CN113088804A CN202110314077.6A CN202110314077A CN113088804A CN 113088804 A CN113088804 A CN 113088804A CN 202110314077 A CN202110314077 A CN 202110314077A CN 113088804 A CN113088804 A CN 113088804A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
- C22C33/10—Making cast-iron alloys including procedures for adding magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of alloy cast iron materials and casting processes, and particularly relates to an as-cast high-strength ductile iron material and a manufacturing method thereof; the specific technical scheme is as follows: a cast high-strength ductile iron comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3.3 to 3.8 percent of C, 2.1 to 2.8 percent of Si, 0.3 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 0.3 to 0.9 percent of Cu, 0.03 to 0.08 percent of Mg, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Sn, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of P and less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S; the cast iron structure of the invention is effectively refined, and the quantity percentage of pearlite in the high-strength ductile iron is improved, thereby obtaining higher tensile strength, yield strength, certain impact absorption power and elongation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of alloy cast iron materials and casting processes, and particularly relates to an as-cast high-strength ductile iron material and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The cast iron is an iron-carbon-silicon alloy, generally, the mass fraction of C is 2.0-4.5%, and the mass fraction of Si is 1-3%. Further, the cast iron alloy often contains Mn, P, S, and other alloying elements. According to different graphite forms, the graphite can be divided into gray cast iron, nodular cast iron, vermicular graphite cast iron and malleable cast iron; according to the alloying degree, the cast iron can be divided into common cast iron and alloy cast iron, and the cast iron with higher content of alloy elements can also be called alloy cast iron.
The performance of the nodular cast iron has close relation with the pearlite content and the size, the number and the form of graphite nodules, and under the condition that the graphite nodule state is certain, the lower the pearlite content in a matrix structure is, the lower the relative strength is, and the higher the toughness is; the higher the pearlite content in the matrix structure, the higher the relative strength, and the lower the toughness. The material meets the requirements of high strength and certain toughness, and has strict requirements on the form of graphite nodules while increasing the pearlite content.
According to measurement and calculation, the self weight of the automobile is reduced by 10%, and the fuel efficiency can be improved by 5.5%. The parts are optimized in structure in practical application, and the novel high-strength cast steel, the high-strength nodular cast iron and other new materials are applied, so that the weight of the automobile is reduced, and the performance of the automobile parts is greatly improved.
The weight reduction and performance improvement of automobiles are increasingly emphasized by people, and light-weight parts are taken as important development directions by various automobile companies in the world. In the european and american countries, automobile manufacturers in various countries are actively striving to adopt the number of high-strength, low-weight parts as a leading sign of their own vehicles. Meanwhile, in the domestic environment protection treatment process, the special requirements on automobile transportation use are met, long-distance transportation depends on railways and water transportation, short-distance transportation requires new energy automobiles and environment-friendly national six-vehicle types, and particularly in the field of trucks, light weight is a competitive target of various automobile manufacturers. Only the light weight can relatively reduce the oil consumption, reduce the emission and improve the cruising ability of the new energy automobile. The high-strength ductile iron QT900-6 is superior to common cast steel in performance, realizes the replacement of steel by iron, and can be used for automobile parts and parts in other fields.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a high-strength ductile iron material and a manufacturing process thereof, the performance of the prepared ductile iron is superior to that of common cast steel, the steel is replaced by iron, and the prepared ductile iron is applied to automobile parts and parts in other fields, so that the light weight of the parts is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a cast high-strength ductile iron comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3.3 to 3.8 percent of C, 2.1 to 2.8 percent of Si, 0.3 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 0.3 to 0.9 percent of Cu, 0.03 to 0.08 percent of Mg, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Sn, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, and the balance of Fe.
The carbon equivalent of the high-strength ductile iron is 4 to 4.7.
The graphite form of the high-strength ductile iron material comprises spherical graphite, the roundness degree of the spherical graphite is more than or equal to 90%, and the granularity level of the spherical graphite is 6-7.
The high-strength ductile iron material comprises the ductile bodies, the quantity percentage of the ductile bodies is more than or equal to 85 percent, the high-strength ductile iron material has higher strength and hardness, and the wear resistance is obviously improved.
The tensile strength Rm of the high-strength ductile iron is more than or equal to 900MPa, the yield strength Rp0.2 is more than or equal to 600MPa, certain impact absorption power Ak is more than or equal to 60J, and the elongation Z is more than or equal to 6%.
A manufacturing method for casting high-strength ductile iron comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, smelting molten iron: the scrap steel, the carburant, the alloy and the foundry returns are sequentially put into a smelting furnace to complete the melting of the molten iron and the blending of chemical components, and the tapping temperature is 1560-1580 ℃.
Secondly, spheroidizing and inoculating treatment: and (3) sequentially adding a nodulizer, a ferrosilicon inoculant, copper and tin into the nodulizing ladle, and pouring the discharged molten iron into a pouring ladle for nodulizing and inoculating to obtain a spherical graphite structure.
The nodulizer comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 6.0-8.0% of Mg6.0-8.0% of rare earth RE 1.0-3.0% of Ga0.6-0.8%.
The adding amount of the nodulizer is 1.2-1.4% of the total weight of the molten iron.
Thirdly, pouring: pouring the molten iron into the casting mould, and taking out the casting after the casting is cooled for 20 minutes.
The casting comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 3.2 to 3.6 percent of C, 2.1 to 2.8 percent of Si, 0.3 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 0.3 to 0.9 percent of Cu, 0.03 to 0.08 percent of Mg, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Sn, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of P and less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S; the balance being Fe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following specific beneficial effects: according to the invention, by adding 0.3-0.8% of Mn and 0.3-0.9% of Gu in percentage by mass, the cast iron structure can be effectively refined, and the quantity percentage of pearlite in the high-strength ductile iron QT900-6 material is increased, so that higher tensile strength Rm, higher yield strength Rp0.2, certain impact absorption power Ak and higher elongation Z can be obtained.
By controlling the carbon equivalent and adding Sn, Cu and Mn to carry out component design on the material, the cast white tendency is avoided while the pearlite content is increased, the cast iron structure is effectively refined, the mechanical property and the abrasion resistance of the high-strength ductile iron QT900-6 material are improved, and the cutting processability of the abrasion-resistant gray cast iron material is improved, so that the abrasion-resistant gray cast iron material has engineering application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the gold phase of ductile iron at 100 times mirror when the pearlite amount percentage is 80%.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the gold phase of ductile iron at 100 times mirror with a pearlite amount percentage of 85%.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the gold phase of ductile iron at 100 times mirror with a pearlite amount percentage of 90%.
FIG. 4 is a phase diagram of a graphite nodule size grade 6 with ductile iron under a 100-fold mirror for spheroidization > 80%.
FIG. 5 is a phase diagram of a graphite nodule size grade 6 with ductile iron under a 100-fold mirror for spheroidization > 85%.
FIG. 6 is a gold phase diagram of ductile iron at 100 times mirror with graphite nodule size grade 6 for spheroidization > 90%.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The cast high-strength ductile iron comprises C, Si, Cu, Mn, Mg and Sn ductile iron and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3.3 to 3.8 percent of C, 2.1 to 2.8 percent of Si, 0.3 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 0.3 to 0.9 percent of Cu, 0.03 to 0.08 percent of Mg, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Sn, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, and the balance of Fe.
The carbon equivalent of the high-strength ductile iron QT900-6 material is 4-4.7, which is beneficial to obtaining more graphite nodules.
The graphite form of the high-strength ductile iron QT900-6 material comprises spherical graphite, the roundness degree of the spherical graphite is more than or equal to 90%, and the granularity level of the spherical graphite is 6-7.
The high-strength ductile iron QT900-6 material comprises pearlite, the quantity percentage of the pearlite is more than or equal to 85%, and the high-strength ductile iron QT900-6 material has higher strength and hardness and obviously improved wear resistance.
The tensile strength Rm of the high-strength ductile iron is more than or equal to 900MPa, the yield strength Rp0.2 is more than or equal to 600MPa, certain impact absorption power Ak is more than or equal to 60J, and the elongation Z is more than or equal to 6%.
A method for manufacturing cast high-strength ductile iron,
firstly, smelting molten iron: and sequentially putting the scrap steel, the recarburizing agent, the alloy and the scrap returns into a smelting furnace to complete the melting of the molten iron and the blending of chemical components, wherein the chemical components of the molten iron meet the requirements when the molten iron is discharged from the furnace.
The magnetic iron liquid comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 3.3 to 3.8 percent of C, 2.1 to 2.8 percent of Si, 0.3 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 0.3 to 0.9 percent of Cu, 0.03 to 0.08 percent of Mg, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Sn, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S and the balance of Fe.
The tapping temperature is 1560-1580 ℃.
Secondly, spheroidizing and inoculating treatment: sequentially adding a nodulizer, a ferrosilicon inoculant, copper and tin into a nodulizing ladle, and pouring the discharged molten iron into a pouring ladle for nodulizing and inoculating to obtain a spherical graphite structure;
the nodulizer comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 6.0-8.0% of Mg6.0-8.0% of rare earth RE 1.0-3.0% of Ga0.6-0.8%.
The adding amount of the nodulizer is 1.2-1.4% of the total weight of the molten iron.
Thirdly, pouring: and pouring the molten iron meeting the technical requirements into the casting mold, and taking out the casting after the casting is cooled for 20 minutes.
The casting comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 3.2 to 3.6 percent of C, 2.1 to 2.8 percent of Si, 0.3 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 0.3 to 0.9 percent of Cu, 0.03 to 0.08 percent of Mg, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Sn, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of P and less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S; the balance being Fe.
The top column type casting is adopted when the high-strength ductile iron QT900-6 material is utilized to process a casting, the temperature of the top column type casting is 1360-1440 ℃, the casting thermal field prepared by ductile iron is effectively distributed so as to be beneficial to sequential solidification of the casting in the subsequent process, the defects inside the casting are improved, the casting is compact and has no shrinkage porosity, shrinkage cavity and cracks, the influence of bottom pouring, side pouring and flat pouring on the temperature field distribution of the casting and the problems of cracks and loose defects are avoided, and the quality of the casting is improved.
The casting takes accelerated solidification measures to make the casting denser.
The top pouring type casting mode is adopted in the casting, the problem that the temperature field distribution of the casting is influenced by bottom pouring, side pouring and horizontal pouring is solved, as shown in figures 1-6, the casting is compact and has no casting defects such as shrinkage porosity, shrinkage cavity, cracks and the like, and the quality of the casting is improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. The cast high-strength ductile iron is characterized in that the ductile iron comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3.3 to 3.8 percent of C, 2.1 to 2.8 percent of Si, 0.3 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 0.3 to 0.9 percent of Cu, 0.03 to 0.08 percent of Mg, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Sn, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, and the balance of Fe.
2. The cast high strength ductile iron of claim 1 wherein the ductile iron has a carbon equivalent of 4 to 4.7.
3. The cast high-strength ductile iron according to claim 2, wherein the graphite form in the ductile iron comprises spheroidal graphite, the sphericity of the spheroidal graphite is not less than 90%, and the particle size of the spheroidal graphite is grade 6-7.
4. The cast high strength ductile iron of claim 3 wherein the amount of pearlite in the ductile iron is greater than or equal to 85%.
5. The cast high-strength ductile iron according to claim 4, wherein the ductile iron has a tensile strength Rm of 900MPa or more, a yield strength Rp0.2 of 600MPa or more, an impact absorption energy Ak of 60J or more, and an elongation Z of 6% or more.
6. The manufacturing method for manufacturing the cast high-strength ductile iron according to claim 1, comprising the following specific steps:
firstly, smelting molten iron: sequentially putting scrap steel, carburant, alloy and scrap returns into a smelting furnace to complete molten iron melting and chemical component blending, wherein the tapping temperature is 1560-1580 ℃;
secondly, spheroidizing and inoculating treatment: sequentially adding a nodulizer, a ferrosilicon inoculant, copper and tin into a nodulizing ladle, and pouring the discharged molten iron into a pouring ladle for nodulizing and inoculating to obtain a spherical graphite structure;
the adding amount of the nodulizer is 1.2-1.4% of the total weight of the molten iron;
thirdly, pouring: pouring the molten iron into the casting mould, and taking out the casting after the casting is cooled for 20 minutes.
7. The manufacturing method of the cast high-strength ductile iron according to claim 6, wherein the chemical components of the nodulizer and the mass percentage contents of the components are as follows in sequence: 6.0-8.0% of Mg6.0-8.0% of rare earth RE 1.0-3.0% of Ga0.6-0.8%.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the amount of the nodulizer added is 1.2-1.4% by weight of the molten iron.
9. The manufacturing method for casting the high-strength ductile iron according to claim 8, wherein the chemical components of the casting and the mass percentage contents of the components are as follows in sequence: 3.2 to 3.6 percent of C, 2.1 to 2.8 percent of Si, 0.3 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 0.3 to 0.9 percent of Cu, 0.03 to 0.08 percent of Mg, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Sn, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of P and less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S; the balance being Fe.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115287524A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-11-04 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Heavy-duty commercial vehicle diesel engine rocker arm and manufacturing method and application thereof |
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| CN109072363A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2018-12-21 | 费德罗-莫格尔有限责任公司 | high-strength cast iron for cylinder sleeve |
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2021
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Patent Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04329823A (en) * | 1991-05-01 | 1992-11-18 | Senshiyuu:Kk | Production of mandrel made of ductile cast iron for crawler |
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| CN102310187A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-01-11 | 上海华新合金有限公司 | Elevator traction sheave casting method |
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| CN115287524A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-11-04 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Heavy-duty commercial vehicle diesel engine rocker arm and manufacturing method and application thereof |
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