CN118026740A - System and method for producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of manure water - Google Patents
System and method for producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of manure water Download PDFInfo
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for cooperatively producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of liquid manure, comprising a liquid manure feeding mixing tank, a liquid manure fermentation subsystem, a plate-frame filter pressing subsystem, a liquid manure storage regulation and control tank and a composting device; the liquid manure water and fertilizer storage regulation and control tank and the composting device are respectively connected with the manure water and fertilizer storage regulation and control tank; the first-stage bacterial liquid spraying head of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem sprays first-stage bacterial liquid to the fecal sewage, so that the fecal sewage is subjected to aerobic fermentation to generate amino acid; the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem performs dry-wet separation on the liquid manure, the separated liquid manure enters a liquid manure storage and regulation tank for preparing to form liquid organic fertilizer, and the separated solid manure enters a composting device for spraying a second bacterial liquid to the solid manure through a second bacterial liquid spraying head, so that the solid manure is fermented to form the solid organic fertilizer, and the recycling of the manure is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resource utilization of cultivation wastes, in particular to a system and a method for producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of manure water.
Background
The livestock manure mainly refers to rural solid wastes generated in livestock and poultry raising industry, including pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, duck manure and the like, and is always used as an important source of soil fertilizer by people, so that the livestock manure is mostly applied on site. The animal excreta contains rich organic matters and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, and can also supply various mineral substances and microelements such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur and the like required by crops, thereby meeting the requirements of the crops for various nutrients in the growth process.
With the rapid development of the livestock breeding industry in China, the livestock breeding industry becomes more and more standard, and is usually large-scale and centralized, and the large-scale and centralized breeding mode can better manage the livestock breeding, but too centralized livestock breeding causes excessive output of livestock manure in partial areas, so that the fecal treatment of the livestock in the livestock farm becomes a problem to be solved urgently. The traditional fertilization treatment mode cannot be adopted, and once the treatment is not good, a large amount of fertilizer is piled up to cause serious pollution to the atmosphere, soil and water environment. For example, after the excrement generated by animals flows to the outside after being washed by water, serious air pollution and environmental pollution can be caused, but the animal excrement has higher nutritive value, and the plant growth effect can be greatly improved when the animal excrement is fertilized, so that the excrement can be processed. On the other hand, due to the rapid development of the fertilizer industry, people use a large amount of fertilizers, so that a large amount of organic manure is idle, the soil basic nutrients gradually decline in local places, and the livestock manure cannot be returned to the field in time, so that the pollution of the livestock manure to the environment is formed, and the livestock manure needs to be processed by means of the device when being treated, so that the secondary utilization of the livestock manure is facilitated.
In order to better solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by improper fecal treatment of poultry farming and reduce the harm to human bodies, anaerobic fermentation is taken as a novel solid waste treatment technology and can be effectively applied to the treatment and reutilization of the livestock manure. Under certain temperature, humidity and ventilation environment, the livestock and poultry manure is mixed with biological fermentation bacteria, and the activity of microorganisms is fully utilized for anaerobic fermentation, so that organic matters in wastes are biologically decomposed, thoroughly decomposed and the livestock and poultry manure is converted into organic fertilizer raw materials. The fermented livestock and poultry manure water can be used as fertilizer or used as raw material to produce composite organic fertilizer. However, the traditional anaerobic fermentation technology has low resource utilization degree, and easily causes the loss of beneficial elements in the fecal sewage raw material.
Therefore, a new solution is needed to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a system and a method for cooperatively producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of fecal sewage, which are used for solving the problems that the prior anaerobic fermentation technology has low resource utilization degree and is easy to cause loss of beneficial elements in the fecal sewage raw material.
The invention provides a system for producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of fecal sewage, which comprises: the device comprises a liquid manure feeding mixing tank, a manure fermentation subsystem, a plate-frame filter pressing subsystem, a liquid manure storage fertilizer regulation and control tank and a composting device;
The discharge port of the liquid manure water feeding mixing tank is connected with the feed port of the manure water fermentation subsystem, the discharge port of the manure water fermentation subsystem is connected with the feed port of the plate frame filter pressing subsystem, and the discharge port of the plate frame filter pressing subsystem is respectively connected with the feed port of the liquid manure water and fertilizer storage regulation and control tank and the feed port of the composting device;
The composting device is internally provided with a first-level bacterial liquid spray head, and the first-level bacterial liquid spray head is used for spraying first-level bacterial liquid to the manure water entering the manure water fermentation subsystem so as to enable the manure water to be subjected to aerobic fermentation to generate amino acid; the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem is used for carrying out dry-wet separation on the liquid manure entering the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem, the separated liquid manure enters the liquid manure storage and control tank to form liquid organic fertilizer after being prepared, the separated solid manure enters the composting device, and the secondary bacterial liquid spray head is used for spraying the secondary bacterial liquid to the solid manure entering the composting device so as to form the solid organic fertilizer after the solid manure is fermented.
The invention provides a system for cooperatively producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of liquid manure, which comprises a liquid manure fermentation tank, a primary heat conducting oil passage and a primary water cooling passage, wherein the primary heat conducting oil passage and the primary water cooling passage are both arranged on the outer wall of the liquid manure fermentation tank;
the composting device is also provided with a secondary heat conduction oil passage and a secondary water cooling passage, and the secondary heat conduction oil passage and the secondary water cooling passage are both arranged on the outer wall of the composting device;
the primary heat conduction oil passage and the secondary heat conduction oil passage are both used for introducing heat conduction oil, the primary heat conduction oil passage is communicated with the secondary heat conduction oil passage, and the primary water cooling passage and the secondary water cooling passage are both used for introducing cooling water.
According to the system for cooperatively producing the solid-liquid organic fertilizer through the multi-step fermentation of the liquid manure, which is provided by the invention, the liquid manure fermentation subsystem further comprises an aeration unit, the aeration unit comprises a first motor, a first stirrer, a first stirring paddle, a first air valve, a first pressure gauge and a first aeration device, the first stirrer and the first stirring paddle are arranged in the liquid manure fermentation tank, the first stirring paddle is arranged on the first stirrer, the first stirrer is connected with an output shaft of the first motor, the first aeration device is arranged at the bottom position in the liquid manure fermentation tank, and the first air valve and the first pressure gauge are both arranged on the outer side wall of the liquid manure fermentation tank;
The composting device further comprises a second motor, a second stirrer, a second stirring paddle, a second air valve and a second pressure gauge, wherein the second stirrer and the second stirring paddle are arranged in the composting device, the second stirring paddle is arranged on the second stirrer, the second stirrer is connected with an output shaft of the second motor, the second air valve and the second pressure gauge form a second aeration device, and the second air valve and the second pressure gauge are arranged on the outer side wall of the composting device.
The system for coproducing solid-liquid organic fertilizer through multi-step fermentation of the fecal sewage provided by the invention further comprises a first pH electrode and a first thermometer probe, wherein the first pH electrode and the first thermometer probe are both inserted on the side wall of the fecal sewage fermentation tank;
The composting device further comprises a second pH electrode and a second thermometer probe, and the second pH electrode and the second thermometer probe are both inserted into the side wall of the composting device.
The invention provides a system for cooperatively producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of fecal sewage, wherein a plate-frame filter pressing subsystem comprises a filter pressing unit and an electric control hydraulic unit, the filter pressing unit comprises a van filter plate and a diaphragm plate, the van filter plate and the diaphragm plate are arranged side by side, and the diaphragm plate is positioned at one side of the van filter plate close to a composting device; the electric control hydraulic unit comprises an oil cylinder, an electric control cabinet and a hydraulic station, wherein the hydraulic station is connected with the electric control cabinet, and the oil cylinder is connected with the hydraulic station.
According to the system for producing the solid-liquid organic fertilizer through multi-step fermentation of the liquid manure, the liquid manure storage regulation and control tank comprises a fertilizer storage tank, a mixing mechanism and a proportioning mechanism, wherein the mixing mechanism comprises a third motor, a third stirrer and a third stirring paddle, the third stirrer and the third stirring paddle are arranged in the fertilizer storage tank, the third stirring paddle is arranged on the third stirrer, and the third stirrer is connected with an output shaft of the third motor;
The proportioning mechanism is arranged on the outer side wall of the fertilizer storage pool and comprises a storage box, a placement seat is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the storage box, a measuring cup is placed on the top of the placement seat, four flow dividing valves are fixedly connected to one side of the measuring cup, the other end of each flow dividing valve is fixedly connected with a return pipe, scale strips are arranged on the surface of the measuring cup, and the four flow dividing valves correspond to the scale strips respectively; a recovery box is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom of the storage box, and the other end of each return pipe extends into the recovery box; the top of the measuring cup is movably inserted with an ingress pipe, the ingress pipe is positioned at the top of the storage box, the bottom of the measuring cup is movably inserted with a guide pipe, and the bottom end of the guide pipe extends to the inside of the fertilizer storage pool; the bottom of the recovery box is connected with a delivery pipe, a fourth discharge valve is arranged on the outer side wall of the fertilizer storage tank, and the delivery pipe is connected with the fourth discharge valve.
The invention also provides a method for producing the solid-liquid organic fertilizer by the multi-step fermentation of the fecal sewage, which adopts the system for producing the solid-liquid organic fertilizer by the multi-step fermentation of the fecal sewage, and comprises the following steps:
Step 1, placing initial fecal sewage into a fecal sewage feeding mixing tank for mixing;
step 2, placing the liquid manure in the liquid manure feeding mixing tank into a liquid manure fermentation subsystem, starting a primary bacterial liquid spray head to spray primary bacterial liquid to the liquid manure, and performing aerobic fermentation on the liquid manure to generate amino acid for degradation reaction;
step 3, placing the fecal sewage of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem into a plate-and-frame filter pressing subsystem for plate-and-press filtration to realize dry-wet separation of the fecal sewage;
step 4, the solid manure separated by the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem enters a composting device, and a secondary bacterial liquid spray head is started to spray secondary bacterial liquid to the solid manure, so that the solid manure is fermented to form a solid organic fertilizer;
And 5, enabling the liquid manure water separated by the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem to enter a liquid manure water storage fertilizer regulation and control tank, and simultaneously adding irrigation water into the liquid manure water for blending to form the liquid organic fertilizer.
According to the method for producing the solid-liquid organic fertilizer by the multi-step fermentation of the fecal sewage, provided by the invention, the primary bacterial liquid comprises corynebacterium glutamicum, escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis, and the secondary bacterial liquid comprises saccharomyces cerevisiae, actinomycetes at high temperature and bacillus subtilis.
According to the method for producing the solid-liquid organic fertilizer by the multi-step fermentation of the fecal sewage, provided by the invention, the bacterial count ratio of the corynebacterium glutamicum, the escherichia coli and the bacillus subtilis is (65-85): 45-65): 35-55, and the bacterial count ratio of the saccharomyces cerevisiae, the high-temperature actinomycetes and the bacillus subtilis is (65-85): 25-55.
According to the method for cooperatively producing the solid-liquid organic fertilizer by the multi-step fermentation of the liquid manure, the liquid manure fermentation subsystem comprises a first air valve, a first heat conduction oil passage and a first water cooling passage, the composting device is provided with a second air valve, a second heat conduction oil passage and a second water cooling passage, and the first heat conduction oil passage is communicated with the second heat conduction oil passage;
the step 2 further comprises the following steps: when the temperature needs to be raised, the primary heat conduction oil passage and the first air valve are opened, so that the temperature of the fecal sewage in the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem is raised; when the liquid manure is cooled, the primary water cooling passage is opened, the primary heat conducting oil passage and the first air valve are closed, and the liquid manure in the liquid manure fermentation subsystem is cooled;
The step 4 further comprises the following steps: when the temperature needs to be raised, the secondary heat conduction oil passage and the second air valve are opened, and the solid manure in the composting device is raised; when the temperature needs to be reduced, the secondary water cooling passage is opened, the secondary heat conduction oil passage and the second air valve are closed, and the solid manure in the composting device is cooled.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
According to the system and the method for producing the solid-liquid organic fertilizer by the multi-step fermentation of the liquid manure, firstly, the livestock manure enters a liquid manure feeding mixing tank for mixing to form initial liquid manure, then the initial liquid manure enters a liquid manure fermentation subsystem, and meanwhile, primary bacterial liquid is added for aerobic fermentation to realize the accumulation of amino acids; the fermented manure water enters a plate-frame filter pressing subsystem, the plate-frame filter pressing enables the manure water to realize dry-wet separation, one part of filtrate enters a liquid manure water fertilizer storage regulation and control tank to be mixed with irrigation water to produce liquid organic fertilizer, the other part of manure cake enters a composting device, and meanwhile, secondary bacterial liquid is added, and after mixing, the solid organic fertilizer is produced by composting. The invention utilizes a microbial fermentation method to produce amino acid, can obtain high-yield strains of amino acid, and realizes the water-based energy utilization of fecal water. The method comprises the steps of carrying out dry-wet separation on the manure water after the amino acid is produced by aerobic fermentation, adding a bacterial strain capable of decomposing compost into a composting device, producing a composite organic fertilizer by utilizing the solid manure after the dry-wet separation to decompose the compost secondarily, and taking the separated manure water as a liquid organic fertilizer, so that the problem of poor fermentation effect caused by loss of beneficial elements in the raw materials during direct composting operation is avoided, and the recycling of the manure water is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of fecal sewage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for cooperatively producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of fecal sewage provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a fecal sewage feeding mixing tank; 1.1, a first feed inlet; 1.2, emptying the pipe;
2. A fecal sewage fermentation subsystem; 2.1, a first feed pump; 2.2, a second feed inlet; 2.3, a first motor; 2.4, a first stirring paddle; 2.5, a first stirrer; 2.6, a first air valve; 2.7, a first pressure gauge; 2.8, a first aeration device; 2.9, an exhaust valve; 2.10, a first discharge valve; 2.11, a first material taking valve; 2.12, a first pH electrode; 2.13, a first thermometer probe; 2.14, a first-level bacterial liquid sprinkler head; 2.15, a first-stage heat conduction oil passage; 2.16, a first water inlet; 2.17, a first water outlet; 2.18, a fecal sewage fermentation tank;
3. A plate-frame filter pressing subsystem; 3.1, a second discharge valve; 3.2, a second feed pump; 3.3, a third feed inlet; 3.4, a box-type filter plate; 3.5, a diaphragm plate; 3.6, an oil cylinder; 3.7, an electric control cabinet; 3.8, a hydraulic station;
4. A composting device; 4.1, a third feed pump; 4.2, a fourth feed inlet; 4.3, a secondary heat conduction oil passage; 4.4, a second air valve; 4.5, a second pressure gauge; 4.6, a second motor; 4.7, a second stirring paddle; 4.8, a second stirrer; 4.9, a third discharge valve; 4.10 a second thermometer probe; 4.11, a second pH electrode; 4.12, a secondary bacteria liquid sprinkler head; 4.13, a second material taking valve; 4.14, a second water inlet; 4.15, a second water outlet; 4.16, a touch-control man-machine screen;
5. A liquid manure water fertilizer storage regulation pool; 5.1, a fifth feed inlet; 5.2, a third material taking valve; 5.3, a third motor; 5.4, a third stirring paddle; 5.5 a third stirrer; 5.6, a storage box; 5.6.1, ingress pipe; 5.6.2, a measuring cup; 5.6.3, a return pipe; 5.6.4, diverter valve; 5.6.5, a recovery box; 5.6.6, guide tubes; 5.6.7, a placement seat; 5.6.8, delivery tube; 5.7, a fourth discharge valve; and 5.8, a fertilizer storage pool.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the system for cooperatively producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of liquid manure comprises a liquid manure feeding and mixing tank 1, a liquid manure fermentation subsystem 2, a plate-frame filter pressing subsystem 3, a composting device 4 and a liquid manure storage and regulation tank 5.
Wherein, the discharge gate of manure water pan feeding blending tank 1 is connected with the feed inlet of manure water fermentation subsystem 2, and the discharge gate of manure water fermentation subsystem 2 is connected with the feed inlet of board frame filter-pressing subsystem 3, and the discharge gate of board frame filter-pressing subsystem 3 is connected with the feed inlet of liquid manure water storage fertilizer regulation and control pond 5 and the feed inlet of composting device 4 respectively. The liquid manure storage and regulation tank 5 is used for preparing liquid manure after the dry-wet separation.
Wherein, the manure fermentation subsystem 2 is internally provided with a first-stage bacterial liquid spray head 2.14, the composting device 4 is internally provided with a second-stage bacterial liquid spray head 4.12, and the first-stage bacterial liquid spray head 2.14 is used for spraying the first-stage bacterial liquid to manure entering the manure fermentation subsystem 2 so as to lead the manure to produce amino acid by aerobic fermentation and form manure fermentation liquor; the liquid manure is delivered into a liquid manure storage and fertilizer regulation pool 5 for preparing liquid organic fertilizer, the separated solid manure is delivered into a composting device 4, and a secondary bacterial liquid spray head 4.12 is used for spraying a secondary bacterial liquid to the solid manure delivered into the composting device 4, so that the solid manure is fermented to form the solid organic fertilizer.
Wherein the primary bacterial liquid is amino acid fermentation bacterial liquid, and the secondary bacterial liquid is organic fertilizer fermentation bacterial liquid.
The utilization value of the fecal sewage is extremely high, however, the conventional fecal sewage treatment is usually used as feed, cooking or direct composting, so that the loss of beneficial elements in the fecal sewage raw material can be caused, and the resource utilization is not realized.
The invention provides a system for producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of manure, which comprises the steps that firstly, livestock manure enters a manure feeding mixing tank 1 for mixing to form initial manure, then the initial manure enters a manure fermentation subsystem 2, and meanwhile, primary bacterial liquid (amino acid fermentation bacterial agent) is added into the initial manure, so that the accumulation of amino acid is realized through aerobic fermentation. The fermented manure water enters a plate-frame filter pressing subsystem 3, and the plate-frame filter pressing enables the manure water to realize dry-wet separation; a part of filtrate enters a liquid manure water and fertilizer storage regulation and control tank 5 and is proportioned with water to produce liquid organic fertilizer; and the other part of manure cake enters a composting device 4, and secondary bacterial liquid (organic fertilizer fermentation bacterial agent) is added into the composting device, and the solid organic fertilizer is produced by composting after mixing. The invention utilizes a microbial fermentation method to produce amino acid, can obtain high-yield strains of amino acid, and realizes the water-based energy utilization of fecal water. After the amino acid is produced by aerobic fermentation, dry-wet separation is carried out on the manure water, bacterial strains (namely secondary bacterial liquid) capable of decomposing compost are added into a composting device, the solid manure after dry-wet separation is utilized for producing the composite organic fertilizer by secondary decomposing compost, the separated manure water is used as liquid organic fertilizer, the problem of poor fermentation effect caused by loss of beneficial elements in raw materials during direct composting operation is avoided, and the recycling of the manure water is realized.
Specifically, the fecal sewage feed mixing tank 1 comprises a first feed opening 1.1 and a blow-down pipe 1.2, the blow-down pipe 1.2 being used as a discharge opening of the fecal sewage feed mixing tank 1. The main function of the fecal sewage feed mixing tank 1 is to feed and mix, in particular, untreated initial livestock manure is added into the fecal sewage feed mixing tank 1 through the first feed port 1.1.
The fecal sewage fermentation subsystem 2 comprises a fecal sewage fermentation tank 2.18, a primary bacterial liquid spray head 2.14, a primary heat conducting oil passage 2.15 and a primary water cooling passage, wherein the primary heat conducting oil passage 2.15 and the primary water cooling passage are both arranged on the outer wall of the fecal sewage fermentation tank 2.18, and the primary bacterial liquid spray head 2.14 is arranged on the inner wall of the upper right side of the fecal sewage fermentation tank 2.18 and is used for spraying primary bacterial liquid into the fecal sewage fermentation tank 2.18, wherein the primary bacterial liquid is amino acid fermentation bacterial liquid. The primary heat conducting oil passage 2.15 is used for introducing heat conducting oil, and can control the flow of the heat conducting oil entering the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem 2, thereby controlling the temperature of materials in the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem 2; the primary water cooling passage is used for introducing cooling water to cool the fecal sewage fermentation tank 2.18.
The fecal sewage fermentation subsystem 2 further comprises a first feed pump 2.1, a second feed inlet 2.2, a first motor 2.3, a first stirring paddle 2.4, a first stirrer 2.5, a first air valve 2.6, a first pressure gauge 2.7, a first aeration device 2.8, an evacuation valve 2.9, a first discharge valve 2.10, a first material taking valve 2.11, a first pH electrode 2.12, a first thermometer probe 2.13, a first water inlet 2.16 and a first water outlet 2.17.
Wherein, first motor 2.3, first stirring rake 2.4, first agitator 2.5, first air valve 2.6, first manometer 2.7 and first aeration equipment 2.8 make up the aeration unit that forms manure fermentation subsystem 2, first agitator 2.5 and first stirring rake 2.4 set up in the inside of manure fermentation tank 2.18, first stirring rake 2.4 sets up on first agitator 2.5, first agitator 2.5 and the output shaft of first motor 2.3 are connected, the bottom position in manure fermentation tank 2.18 is located to first aeration equipment 2.8, first air valve 2.6 and first manometer 2.7 all set up on the lateral wall of manure fermentation tank 2.18.
One end of the first feed pump 2.1 is connected with the blow-down pipe 1.2, and the other end of the first feed pump 2.1 is connected with the second feed port 2.2. The emptying valve 2.9 and the first discharging valve 2.10 are respectively arranged at the bottom of the fecal sewage fermentation tank 2.18, and the first material taking valve 2.11 is arranged on the side wall of the fecal sewage fermentation tank 2.18. The first pH electrode 2.12 and the first thermometer probe 2.13 are both inserted on the side wall of the fecal sewage fermentation tank 2.18. The first water inlet 2.16 and the first water outlet 2.17 are respectively arranged at two ends of the primary water cooling passage, the first water inlet 2.16 is positioned at the middle lower part of the side wall of the fecal sewage fermentation tank 2.18, and the first water outlet 2.17 is positioned at the middle upper part of the side wall of the fecal sewage fermentation tank 2.18.
The fecal sewage fermentation subsystem 2 is used for fermenting the initial livestock and poultry fecal sewage, and utilizes the microbial metabolism reaction of high-temperature-resistant amino acid fermentation bacteria to perform fermentation optimization control on organic matters in the initial livestock and poultry fecal sewage, so as to promote the water content in the initial livestock and poultry fecal sewage to be free, the amino acid yield to be improved and the materials to be decomposed to be thoroughly decomposed.
Specifically, the initial livestock and poultry manure from the manure feeding mixing tank 1 enters the manure fermentation subsystem 2 through the second feed inlet 2.2, meanwhile, heat conduction oil enters the manure fermentation subsystem 2 through the primary heat conduction oil passage 2.15, the initial livestock and poultry manure in the manure fermentation subsystem 2 is heated and fermented under the action of the heat conduction oil, and the process is accompanied by stirring, namely, a first motor 2.3, a first stirring paddle 2.4 and a first stirrer 2.5 are arranged in the manure fermentation subsystem 2, and the temperature of materials in the manure fermentation subsystem is maintained at 35-55 ℃. Meanwhile, the primary bacterial liquid spraying head 2.14 is sprayed with amino acid fermentation bacterial liquid, and the strain mixed concentrated solution which is resistant to medium temperature and can ferment to produce amino acid is added into the initial livestock manure. The mixed bacteria are corynebacterium glutamicum, escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis, and amino acid fermentation bacteria in the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem can utilize the capability of microorganisms capable of synthesizing certain amino acid, and the growth and metabolism regulation mechanism of fermentation microorganisms are artificially controlled by performing mutagenesis treatment of physical and chemical methods so as to efficiently produce and secrete a large amount of amino acid. In addition, the bacillus subtilis can cooperate with the aerobic metabolic process of the amino acid fermentation bacteria to consume ammonia nitrogen in the excrement, effectively strengthen heat and mass transfer, reduce heat and mass gradient, shorten fermentation period, effectively inhibit the growth of other harmful bacteria, inhibit the generation of malodorous gas, improve fermentation level and efficiency and ensure that the amino acid fermentation process of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem can be performed efficiently. The livestock manure after the amino acid fermentation is discharged from a first discharge valve 2.10 and enters a plate-frame filter pressing subsystem 3, and meanwhile, heat conduction oil flows out from a primary heat conduction oil passage 2.15 and enters a composting device 4.
The plate-frame filter pressing subsystem 3 comprises a second discharge valve 3.1, a second feed pump 3.2, a third feed inlet 3.3, a box-type filter plate 3.4, a diaphragm plate 3.5, an oil cylinder 3.6, an electric control cabinet 3.7 and a hydraulic station 3.8. Wherein, the box-type filter plate 3.4 and the diaphragm plate 3.5 are combined to form a filter pressing unit of the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem 3, the box-type filter plate 3.4 and the diaphragm plate 3.5 are arranged side by side, and the diaphragm plate 3.5 is positioned at one side of the box-type filter plate 3.4 close to the composting device 4. The oil cylinder 3.6, the electric control cabinet 3.7 and the hydraulic station 3.8 are combined to form an electric control hydraulic unit of the plate frame filter pressing subsystem 3, the hydraulic station 3.8 is connected with the electric control cabinet 3.7, and the oil cylinder 3.6 is connected with the hydraulic station 3.8. One end of the second feed pump 3.2 is connected with the first discharge valve 2.10, and the other end of the second feed pump 3.2 is connected with the third feed inlet 3.3.
Specifically, the oil cylinder 3.6 and the hydraulic station 3.8 are started, and each speed control parameter in the electric control cabinet 3.7 is regulated, so that the filtering pressure of the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem 3 is maintained to be less than or equal to 0.6Mpa, and the motor power of the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem 3 is maintained to be 5.5kw-7.5kw. Livestock and poultry manure from the manure fermentation subsystem 2 is pumped into the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem 3 through the second feed pump 3.2 and the third feed inlet 3.3, and meanwhile, the filter plate group generates a large liquid phase pressure difference, and the compression cylinder drives the compression plate to move forwards to compress the filter plates, so that dry-wet separation of manure is performed.
The composting device 4 can be an intelligent temperature control facultative fermentation composting device, and is further provided with a secondary bacterial liquid spray head 4.12, a secondary heat conduction oil passage 4.3 and a secondary water cooling passage, wherein the secondary heat conduction oil passage 4.3 and the secondary water cooling passage are both arranged on the outer wall of the composting device 4, and the secondary bacterial liquid spray head 4.12 is arranged on the inner wall of the upper right side of the composting device 4 and is used for spraying secondary bacterial liquid into the composting device 4, and the secondary bacterial liquid is organic fertilizer fermentation bacterial liquid. The secondary heat conduction oil passage 4.3 is used for introducing heat conduction oil to heat the composting device 4; the secondary water cooling passage is used for introducing cooling water to cool the composting device 4. The primary heat conduction oil passage 2.15 and the secondary heat conduction oil passage 4.3 are mutually communicated, and the primary water cooling passage and the secondary water cooling passage can be mutually independent.
The composting device 4 further comprises a third feed pump 4.1, a fourth feed inlet 4.2, a second air valve 4.4, a second pressure gauge 4.5, a second motor 4.6, a second stirring paddle 4.7, a second stirrer 4.8, a third discharge valve 4.9, a second thermometer probe 4.10, a second pH electrode 4.11, a second material taking valve 4.13, a second water inlet 4.14, a second water outlet 4.15 and a touch-control man-machine screen 4.16. Wherein, second agitator 4.8 and second stirring rake 4.7 set up in the inside of composting device 4, and second stirring rake 4.7 sets up on second agitator 4.8, and second agitator 4.8 and the output shaft of second motor 4.5. The second air valve 4.4 and the second pressure gauge 4.5 form a second aeration device, and the second air valve 4.4 and the second pressure gauge 4.5 are arranged on the outer side wall of the composting device 4. The second pH electrode 4.11 and the second thermometer probe 4.10 are both inserted on the side wall of the composting device 4. The third feed pump 4.1 is connected with a filter residue discharge port of the second discharge valve 3.1, the second-stage heat conduction oil passage 4.3 is connected with the first-stage heat conduction oil passage 2.15, and the third discharge valve 4.9 is used for discharging the solid organic fertilizer after composting out of the system.
The composting device 4 is a composting operation stage after dry and wet separation of the fecal waste, accelerates the degradation of organic matters in the fecal cake, promotes the further dissociation of moisture in the fecal cake, and produces the composite organic fertilizer by taking the solid fecal secondary decomposed compost as a raw material. The secondary heat conducting oil passage 4.3 is connected with the composting device 4 and further provides heat power for the composting device 4, so that the temperature of materials in the composting device 4 is maintained at 25-55 ℃. Meanwhile, the operation of the external touch-control man-machine screen 4.16 of the composting device 4 is divided into a manual operation mode and an automatic operation mode, and the automatic operation is divided into a motor automatic operation control mode and an electric heating automatic operation control mode. Specifically, the livestock manure cakes coming out of the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem 3 enter the composting device 4 through the third feed pump 4.1, meanwhile, heat conduction oil enters the composting device 4 through the second-stage heat conduction oil passage 4.3, the livestock manure cakes in the composting device 4 are further heated to compost under the effect of the heat conduction oil, and the process is accompanied by stirring, namely, a second motor 4.6, a second stirring paddle 4.7 and a second stirrer 4.8 are arranged in the composting device 4, and the temperature of materials in the composting device is maintained at 25-55 ℃. Meanwhile, the secondary bacteria liquid spray heads 4.12 are sprayed with organic fertilizer fermentation bacteria liquid, the manure cake is sprayed with strain mixed concentrated solution capable of resisting high-temperature degradation organic matters, the mixed strains are Saccharomyces cerevisiae, high-temperature actinomycetes and bacillus subtilis, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae can realize energy utilization of manure water by a large amount of ethanol and acidic substances (malic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, succinic acid and other organic acids), the high-temperature actinomycetes can endure higher temperature environmental conditions, and the change of the quantity can dynamically reflect the decomposition degree and effect of the composting process, and the bacillus subtilis is used as a microbial decomposition microbial inoculum to cooperate with the composting process. In the process, the aerobic metabolism reaction of the microorganism can generate a large amount of bioenergy, and the material is promoted to be further composted to produce the solid composite organic fertilizer. And (3) discharging the solid organic fertilizer of the livestock and poultry manure cakes after composting from a third discharge valve 4.9.
The liquid manure water fertilizer storage regulation and control pond 5 comprises a fertilizer storage pond 5.8, a mixing mechanism and a proportioning mechanism, wherein the mixing mechanism comprises a third motor 5.3, a third stirrer 5.5 and a third stirring paddle 5.4, the third stirrer 5.5 and the third stirring paddle 5.4 are arranged in the fertilizer storage pond 5.8, the third stirring paddle 5.4 is arranged on the third stirrer 5.5, and the third stirrer 5.5 is connected with an output shaft of the third motor 5.3.
The proportioning mechanism is arranged on the outer side wall of the fertilizer storage tank 5.8, the proportioning mechanism comprises a storage box 5.6, a placement seat 5.6.7 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the storage box 5.6, a measuring cup 5.6.2 is placed at the top of the placement seat 5.6.7, four flow dividing valves 5.6.4 are fixedly connected to one side of the measuring cup 5.6.2, a return pipe 5.6.3 is fixedly connected to the other end of each flow dividing valve 5.6.4, scale bars are arranged on the surface of the measuring cup 5.6.2, and the four flow dividing valves 5.6.4 are respectively corresponding to the scale bars. A recovery box 5.6.5 is provided on the inner wall of the bottom of the storage tank 5.6, and the other end of each return pipe 5.6.3 extends into the recovery box 5.6.5. The top activity grafting of measuring cup 5.6.2 has ingress pipe 5.6.1, ingress pipe 5.6.1 is located the top of bin 5.6, and the bottom activity grafting of measuring cup 5.6.2 has guide tube 5.6.6, and the bottom of guide tube 5.6.6 extends to the inside of storing fertile pond 5.8. The bottom of the recovery box 5.6.5 is connected with a delivery pipe 5.6.8, the outer side wall of the fertilizer storage tank 5.8 is provided with a fourth discharge valve 5.7, and the delivery pipe 5.6.8 is connected with the fourth discharge valve 5.7.
The liquid manure water fertilizer storage regulation and control pond 5 also comprises a fifth feed inlet 5.1 and a third material taking valve 5.2, wherein the fifth feed inlet 5.1 is connected with a filtrate discharge port of the second discharge valve 3.1, and the third material taking valve 5.2 is arranged on the side wall of the fertilizer storage pond 5.8. And the fourth discharge valve 5.7 is used for discharging the liquid organic fertilizer with the regulated and controlled proportion out of the system. Specifically, liquid manure water obtained by dry-wet separation enters a liquid manure water storage and control tank 5, a third motor 5.3 is started, sterile water is added, and after uniform stirring, the proportioned liquid organic fertilizer is discharged out of the system.
With continued reference to fig. 1, in the system for producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of liquid manure according to the present invention, the liquid manure fermentation subsystem 2 includes a primary heat transfer oil passage 2.15, and the primary heat transfer oil passage 2.15 is disposed on a left middle outer wall of the liquid manure fermentation subsystem 2, and is used for controlling the flow of heat transfer oil entering the liquid manure fermentation subsystem 2, so as to control the temperature of materials in the liquid manure fermentation subsystem 2.
The composting device 4 comprises a secondary heat conducting oil passage 4.3, and the secondary heat conducting oil passage 4.3 is arranged on the middle outer wall of the left side of the composting device 4 and is used for controlling the flow rate of the heat conducting oil entering the composting device 4 and further controlling the temperature of materials in the composting device 4.
Further, the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem 2 further comprises a primary water cooling passage, the primary water cooling passage is provided with a first water inlet 2.16 and a first water outlet 2.17, the first water inlet 2.16 is arranged at the bottom of the right side of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem 2, and the first water outlet 2.17 is arranged at the top of the left side of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem 2, so that condensed water at the lower part of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem 2 is input from the first water inlet 2.16 and discharged from the first water outlet 2.17, cooling water in a condensing pipe enters from a lower port and is discharged from an upper port, and in order to completely discharge air in the condensing pipe, the condensing pipe can be filled with the condensed water, and the optimal condensing effect can be achieved.
Further, the composting device 4 further comprises a secondary water cooling passage, the secondary water cooling passage is provided with a second water inlet 4.14 and a second water outlet 4.15, the second water inlet 4.14 is arranged at the bottom of the right side of the composting device 4, and the second water outlet 4.15 is arranged at the top of the left side of the composting device 4, so that condensed water at the lower part of the composting device 4 is input from the second water inlet 4.14 and discharged from the second water outlet 4.15, cooling water in a condensing pipe enters from a lower port and exits from an upper port, and the purpose of completely discharging air in the condensing pipe is to enable the condensing water to fill the whole condensing pipe, so that the optimal condensing effect can be achieved.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the fermentation process of the fecal sewage, as the fermentation process continuously releases heat and produces gas for pressurization, the vapor in the air usually reaches a saturated state when the gas reaches the upper part of the pile body, and the pressure gauge is overloaded. Further, referring to fig. 1, a first air valve 2.6 and a first pressure gauge 2.7 of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem 2 are arranged on the outer wall of the upper left end of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem 2, so that the air flow rate of the upper part of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem 2 is maintained at 50L/(kg.h) -70L/(kg.h), an aeration device is intermittently adopted in the fermentation process, the aeration device is opened for 30 min/stopped for 30min, the aeration amount can be adjusted according to the internal temperature of a reactor in the actual operation process, and the aeration is increased when the reactor temperature is more than 75 ℃. The water vapor at the upper part of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem 2 is discharged from the first air valve 2.6, so that more water droplets are prevented from being condensed by hot air in a closed space, and the water vapor generated in the fecal sewage fermentation process is ensured to be sufficiently taken away.
Further, referring to fig. 1, the second air valve 4.4 and the second pressure gauge 4.5 of the composting device 4 are arranged on the outer wall of the left upper end of the composting device 4, so that the air flow rate of the composting device 4 is maintained to be 60L/(kg.h) -100L/(kg.h), an aeration device is intermittently adopted in the composting process, the aeration device is opened for 30 min/stopped for 30min, the aeration amount can be adjusted according to the internal temperature of the composting body in the actual operation process, and the aeration is increased when the temperature of the composting body is higher than 75 ℃. The water vapor at the upper part of the composting device 4 is discharged from the second air valve 4.4, so that more water drops are prevented from being condensed by hot air in a closed space, and the water vapor generated in the composting process is fully taken away.
Further, referring to fig. 1, the liquid manure water and fertilizer storage regulation and control pool 5 can quantitatively store liquid by arranging the proportioning mechanism 5.6 and utilizing the metering cup 5.6.2, and then the liquid outside the excessive ration can be led into the recovery box 5.6.5 by matching the diverter valve 5.6.4 and the return pipe 5.6.3, so that the waste of the excessive liquid is avoided, the proportioning amount of the liquid can be accurately and quantitatively treated, the whole recovery process is automatic recovery, the step of manual quantitative operation is avoided, the proportioning mechanism has the advantage of accurate proportioning, and the problem of manual proportioning is solved.
The system for producing the solid-liquid organic fertilizer by the multi-step fermentation of the fecal sewage has the following advantages:
First, the system for producing the solid-liquid organic fertilizer by the multi-step fermentation of the fecal sewage is designed more pertinently and efficiently. For example, the high-yield strain of amino acid can be obtained by utilizing a microbial fermentation method to produce amino acid, so that the water can be utilized in a water-in-excrement fermentation subsystem to realize the maximum fermentation production of the amino acid in the excrement, and the strain capable of producing the amino acid is added into the water-in-excrement fermentation subsystem and the proper pH value and temperature are maintained in the water-in-excrement fermentation subsystem. The invention adds the bacterial strain capable of decomposing compost in the intelligent temperature-control facultative fermentation composting device, maintains proper pH value and temperature in the intelligent temperature-control facultative fermentation composting device, utilizes the solid manure after the dry-wet separation to produce composite organic fertilizer by taking the secondary decomposed compost as raw material, and the separated manure water is taken as liquid organic fertilizer, thus the invention has the advantages of accurate quantitative proportioning, effective improvement of manure water dry-wet separation efficiency and realization of manure resource utilization.
Secondly, the invention designs a technology of combining the touch man-machine screen with the fermentation device, which can monitor the temperature, humidity and pH conditions of materials in the fermentation process in real time, record data, control the fermentation temperature, humidity and time, and adjust the speed control parameters in real time according to the monitoring result, thereby shortening the composting period.
Thirdly, when fermentation composting operation is carried out in the prior art, the auxiliary heating device of the fermentation system is arranged outside the pile body, the external measurement is often influenced by the viscosity of the pile body and the heat transfer of the pile body, and the situation that the temperature measurement result is inaccurate due to local overheating of biological materials is easily generated, so that the composting efficiency is reduced. And the auxiliary heating mode has high cost and complex operation. The temperature control device comprises a primary heat conduction oil passage and a primary water cooling passage of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem, and a secondary heat conduction oil passage and a secondary water cooling passage in the composting device, and can rapidly and uniformly realize the temperature rise of fermentation materials through the input and the discharge of heat conduction oil and the rapid cooling of the interior of the stack through the water inlet and the water outlet. Therefore, the invention realizes the temperature rise and fall of the fermentation process by the principle of heat conduction of water, refrigeration and oil, and combines the bioenergy generated in the aerobic metabolism reaction of microorganisms, thereby accelerating the water removal of the fecal sewage and the process of fermenting and composting, so that the fermentation time of the fecal is greatly shortened (about one day), while the traditional fermentation and composting time can be completed in at least 10 days under the conditions of no external heat source and no adjustment of speed control parameters. In addition, the invention also utilizes the touch-control man-machine screen to monitor the physical and chemical properties of the pile body in real time on line and record data, and adjusts the speed control parameters according to the monitoring result, thereby shortening the composting period, having high automation degree and convenient operation. Meanwhile, different organic components in the excrement are degraded by purposefully adding microorganisms in the multi-step fermentation process, the excrement is subjected to dry-wet separation after amino acid is produced by first aerobic fermentation, the separated solid manure cake is subjected to secondary decomposition composting to be used as a raw material to produce a composite organic fertilizer, and the separated manure water is used as a liquid organic fertilizer, so that the problem of poor fermentation effect caused by loss of beneficial elements in the raw material during composting operation is avoided, the dry-wet separation efficiency of the manure water is effectively improved, the manure water treatment cost is reduced, and the recycling of organic wastes such as manure water is realized by multiple fertilizer purposes.
Referring to fig. 2, the present invention further provides a method for producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of manure, which is performed by the system for producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of manure according to any embodiment, and specifically includes the following steps:
and 1, placing the initial fecal sewage into a fecal sewage feeding mixing tank for mixing.
And 2, placing the liquid manure in a liquid manure fermentation subsystem in a liquid manure feeding mixing tank, starting a primary bacterial liquid spray head to spray primary bacterial liquid to the liquid manure, and performing aerobic fermentation on the liquid manure to generate amino acid for degradation reaction.
Further, as shown in connection with fig. 1, in one embodiment of the invention, the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem 2 further comprises a first air valve 2.6, a primary heat transfer oil passage 2.15 and a primary water cooling passage. The step 2 further comprises the following steps: when the temperature needs to be raised, a primary heat conducting oil passage 2.15 and a first air valve 2.6 are opened to raise the temperature of the manure in the manure fermentation subsystem 2; when the liquid manure is cooled, the first-stage water cooling passage is opened, the first-stage heat conducting oil passage 2.15 and the first air valve 2.6 are closed, and the liquid manure in the liquid manure fermentation subsystem 2 is cooled.
Taking temperature rising in the fermentation process as an example, the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps: placing the liquid manure in the liquid manure feeding mixing tank into a liquid manure fermentation subsystem, opening a primary heat conducting oil passage and a first air valve to heat the liquid manure in the liquid manure fermentation subsystem, fermenting to produce amino acid, and simultaneously opening a primary bacterial liquid spray head to spray primary bacterial liquid to the liquid manure for fermentation.
Wherein the primary bacterial liquid is an amino acid fermentation bacterial liquid, which comprises but is not limited to corynebacterium glutamicum, escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis.
In the step, the mixed initial livestock manure enters a manure water fermentation subsystem to ferment to produce amino acid, and meanwhile, a first-stage bacterial liquid spray head is sprayed with an amino acid fermentation bacterial liquid to perform fermentation reaction.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the initial livestock manure from the manure water feeding mixing tank 1 enters the manure water fermentation subsystem 2 through the second feeding port 2.2, meanwhile, the heat conduction oil enters the manure water fermentation subsystem 2 through the primary heat conduction oil passage 2.15, the initial livestock manure in the manure water fermentation subsystem 2 is heated and fermented under the action of the heat conduction oil, and the process is accompanied with stirring, namely, the manure water fermentation subsystem 2 is provided with a first motor 2.3, a first stirring paddle 2.4 and a first stirrer 2.5, and the temperature of materials in the manure water fermentation subsystem is maintained at 35-55 ℃. Meanwhile, the primary bacterial liquid spraying head 2.14 is sprayed with the amino acid fermentation bacterial liquid, so that the strain mixed concentrated solution which is resistant to medium temperature and can ferment to produce amino acid is added into the initial livestock manure. The amino acid fermentation broth comprises corynebacterium glutamicum, escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. The amino acid fermentation bacteria in the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem can utilize the capability of the microorganism itself to synthesize certain amino acid, and the growth and metabolism regulation mechanism of the fermentation microorganism is artificially controlled by carrying out mutagenesis treatment of physical and chemical methods, so that the fermentation microorganism can efficiently produce and secrete a large amount of amino acid. In addition, the bacillus subtilis can cooperate with the aerobic metabolic process of the amino acid fermentation bacteria to consume ammonia nitrogen in the excrement, effectively strengthen heat and mass transfer, reduce heat and mass gradient, shorten fermentation period, effectively inhibit the growth of other harmful bacteria, inhibit the generation of malodorous gas, improve fermentation level and efficiency, and ensure that the amino acid fermentation process of a fecal sewage fermentation system can be performed efficiently. The initial livestock manure after the amino acid fermentation is discharged from a first discharge valve 2.10, enters a plate-frame filter pressing subsystem 3, and meanwhile, heat conduction oil flows out from a primary heat conduction oil passage 2.15 and enters a composting device 4.
In one specific embodiment of the invention, the volume-to-mass ratio of the amino acid fermentation broth to the livestock manure is 1mL: (50-200 g) of an amino acid fermentation broth having a concentration of 30X 10 10-80×1010 cfu/mL, thereby further fermenting the livestock manure sufficiently to produce an amino acid, the inventors found that if the content of the amino acid fermentation broth is too low or the concentration of the amino acid fermentation broth is too small, it would be impossible to ferment the livestock manure effectively and produce an amino acid, and if the content of the amino acid fermentation broth is too high or the concentration of the amino acid fermentation broth is too high, the thalli in the high concentration broth may have entered into a decay period, thereby failing to ferment the livestock manure effectively and produce an amino acid.
In another specific embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the bacterial numbers of the corynebacterium glutamicum, the escherichia coli and the bacillus subtilis is (65-85): (45-65): (35-55), so that the synergistic symbiotic effect of three bacterial strains is best, the metabolic growth rate of each bacterial strain is faster, and the effect of producing amino acid by fermentation is best.
In a further specific embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the materials in the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem is maintained at 35-55 ℃, the pH of the materials in the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem is maintained at 6.5-7.2, and the fermentation reaction time is 9-11 h, so that the initial livestock and poultry manure in the fecal sewage fermentation system is further subjected to heating fermentation, and the microbial metabolic reaction of amino acid fermentation bacteria is further facilitated. Specifically, the corynebacterium glutamicum can produce a large amount of amino acids at 30-37 ℃, the proper growth temperature range is 30-37 ℃, the bacterial reproduction condition is best at 37 ℃, the corynebacterium glutamicum can grow in the pH value range of 7.0-8.0, and the optimal pH value is about 7.2.
The most suitable growth temperature of the escherichia coli is about 35 ℃, and the escherichia coli can produce a large amount of acid and gas at 37 ℃ so as to decompose organic substances to promote the fermentation process, and the pH value is suitable for being 6.5-7.5. In addition, the proper growth temperature of the bacillus subtilis is about 45-50 ℃, the proper growth pH value is about 7.0-7.5, the bacillus subtilis can resist the high temperature of 60 ℃ for a long time, has low nutrition requirement, can survive in polar environments such as high temperature, acid and alkali, and the like, and can effectively grow under the conditions of the temperature and the pH of a fecal sewage fermentation system. The bacillus subtilis can secrete a plurality of endogenous enzymes such as amylase, lipase, protease, cellulase and the like, generate beneficial metabolites such as amino acid, vitamin, growth factor and the like, and can kill or inhibit harmful bacteria or play a role in nutrition for the beneficial bacteria, so that the bacillus subtilis has strong inhibition capability on pathogenic bacteria and good symbiotic capability on the beneficial bacteria. In summary, the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem maintains the temperature at 35-55deg.C and the pH at 6.5-7.2 in order to provide optimal growth conditions for Corynebacterium glutamicum, escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem maintains the material fermentation temperature by means of oil conduction heating, water cooling. And the flow of the heat conduction oil entering the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem is controlled through the primary heat conduction oil passage, so that the temperature of materials in the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem is controlled. Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the initial livestock manure from the manure water feeding mixing tank 1 enters the manure water fermentation subsystem 2 through the second feeding port 2.2, and meanwhile, the heat conduction oil enters the manure water fermentation subsystem 2 through the primary heat conduction oil passage 2.15, and the initial livestock manure in the manure water fermentation subsystem 2 is heated and fermented under the action of the heat conduction oil, so that the temperature of the materials in the manure water fermentation subsystem 2 is continuously raised. The condensed water of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem 2 is input from the first water inlet 2.16, is discharged from the first water outlet 2.17, and the cooling water in the condensing pipe enters from the lower opening and exits from the upper opening, so that the air in the condensing pipe is completely discharged, the condensed water can be filled in the whole condensing pipe, the optimal condensing effect can be achieved, and the material temperature in the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem is continuously reduced. Finally, the temperature of the materials in the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem is constantly maintained at 35-55 ℃.
In a further specific embodiment of the invention, the air flow rate in the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem is maintained at 50L/(kg.h) -70L/(kg.h), an aeration device is intermittently adopted in the fermentation process, the aeration device is opened for 30 min/stopped for 30min, the aeration quantity can be adjusted according to the temperature in the reactor in the actual operation process, and the aeration is increased when the temperature of the reactor is higher than 75 ℃. Thereby continuously providing heat to the material in the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem, maintaining it at 35-55 ℃.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the water content of the livestock manure after the fermentation in the step2 is 65w% to 75w%.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, the pH of the material in the fecal water fermentation subsystem is maintained at 6.5-7.2, maintained in a suitable growth range, and the pH is measured with pH paper every 48 hours, and if the pH is slightly acidic (less than 6.5), an amount of alkaline material such as liquid ammonia, magnesium lime or slaked lime is added, and if the pH is slightly alkaline (greater than 7.0), an amount of acidic material such as desulfurized gypsum, ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate or chelated iron is added, and the alkaline material or acidic material is pumped into the fecal water fermentation subsystem by a pump to control the pH of the composting process.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, the tank stirring device is used for full stirring during spraying. The inventor finds that the stirring effect in the material temperature rising stage is smaller than that in the stabilizing stage and the cooling stage, so that the stirring is not performed in the previous hour after the spraying is finished, the stirring is performed for 5 minutes every 1 hour within 9 hours, and the fermentation tank is turned up and down for 5 times, so that the uniform mixing and reaction of the strain and the material are ensured. In addition, because the added mixed bacteria are aerobic bacteria or aerobic bacteria in the fecal sewage fermentation treatment process, the mixed bacteria with fecal fermentation effect can be favorably and quickly grown by fully stirring and can be used as dominant bacteria in the fecal of livestock and poultry by combining with other growth conditions with proper temperature and pH, thereby inhibiting the growth of anaerobic bacteria harmful bacteria and simultaneously inhibiting the generation of toxic substances and malodorous gases in the growth process of harmful bacteria.
And 3, placing the fecal sewage of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem into a plate-frame filter pressing subsystem for plate-press filtration to realize dry-wet separation of the fecal sewage.
Specifically, the electric control filter pressing unit is started, so that livestock manure obtained by fermentation in the step 2 is pumped to the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem through the second feed pump and the third feed port, a large liquid phase pressure difference is generated by the filter plate group, the compression cylinder drives the compression plate to move forwards to compress the filter plate, dry-wet separation is carried out, and the livestock manure with the dry-wet separation is discharged out of the system.
Specifically, in the step, an electric control filter pressing unit is started, so that livestock and poultry manure water obtained by fermentation in the step 2 is pumped to a plate-frame filter pressing subsystem through a second feed pump and a third feed port, a large liquid phase pressure difference is generated by a filter plate group, and a compression cylinder drives a compression plate to move forwards to compress the filter plate, so that dry-wet separation is performed. The step is a high-efficiency operation stage for quickly separating the livestock manure, and accelerates the solid-liquid separation of the manure water so as to fully remove the water. Specifically, referring to fig. 1, livestock manure from the manure water fermentation subsystem 2 enters the plate-frame filter-pressing subsystem 3 through the third feed inlet 3.3, simultaneously, the oil cylinder 3.6 and the hydraulic station 3.8 are started, and each speed control parameter in the electric control cabinet 3.7 is regulated, so that the filtering pressure of the plate-frame filter-pressing subsystem 3 is maintained to be less than or equal to 0.6Mpa, and the motor power of the plate-frame filter-pressing subsystem 3 is maintained to be 5.5kw-7.5kw. Livestock manure from the manure water fermentation subsystem 2 is pumped into the plate frame filter pressing subsystem 3 through the second feed pump 3.2 and the third feed port 3.3, and meanwhile, the van-type filter plate 3.4 generates larger liquid phase pressure difference, and the compressing cylinder drives the compressing plate to move forwards to compress the diaphragm plate 3.5, so that manure water dry-wet separation is performed. The manure cake after the dry-wet separation is discharged from the second discharge valve 3.1 and enters the composting device 4. Meanwhile, the dry and wet separated manure water flows out from the second discharge valve 3.1 and enters the liquid manure water and fertilizer storage regulation and control tank 5.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the filtration pressure of the plate and frame filter pressing subsystem is less than or equal to 0.6Mpa, the motor power is 5.5kw-7.5kw, the filtration area is 350m 2, the plate outer dimension is 1500 x 1500mm, the filter chamber volume is 5202L, the number of filter cakes (manure cakes) is 73-98pcs, and the overall dimension is 9230 x 2100 x 1800mm.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the filter cloth of the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem is made of terylene monofilament and polypropylene non-woven filter cloth, and has a filtering precision of (0.005-5) microns, a thickness of 0.3-0.66mm, a weight of 150-390 (g/m 2), a breaking strength of 1220-4216 (N/5 x 20 cm), a permeability of 530-1956 (L/m 2 s) and a normal use temperature of < 130 ℃.
In a further specific embodiment of the invention, the water content of the manure cake after the plate-and-frame filter pressing in the step 3 is 15 to 30w percent, and the water content of the manure water is 80 to 90w percent.
And step 4, the solid manure separated by the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem enters a composting device, and a secondary bacterial liquid spray head is started to spray secondary bacterial liquid to the solid manure, so that the solid manure is fermented to form a solid organic fertilizer.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the composting device 4 is provided with a second air valve 4.4, a second heat-conducting oil passage 4.3 and a second water-cooling passage, and the first heat-conducting oil passage 2.15 is communicated with the second heat-conducting oil passage 4.3. Step 4 may further comprise the steps of: when the temperature needs to be raised, a secondary heat conducting oil passage and a second air valve are opened to raise the temperature of the solid manure in the composting device; when the temperature needs to be reduced, the secondary water cooling passage is opened, the secondary heat conducting oil passage and the second air valve are closed, and the solid manure in the composting device is cooled.
Taking temperature rising in the fermentation process as an example, the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps: placing the solid manure separated by the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem into a composting device, opening a secondary heat conducting oil passage and a second air valve to heat the solid manure in the composting device, continuously fermenting and decomposing the compost for the second time, and simultaneously opening a secondary bacterial liquid spray head to spray secondary bacterial liquid to the solid manure for fermentation reaction.
Wherein the secondary bacterial liquid is organic fertilizer fermentation bacterial liquid, which comprises but is not limited to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, actinomycetes at high temperature and bacillus subtilis.
In the step, the manure cakes obtained by dry-wet separation in the step 3 enter a composting device, a secondary heat conducting oil passage is opened, secondary composting is carried out continuously, and meanwhile, a secondary bacterial liquid spray head is used for spraying organic fertilizer fermentation bacterial liquid for degradation reaction. Meanwhile, the external touch type man-machine screen operation of the composting device is divided into a manual operation mode and an automatic operation mode, and the automatic operation is divided into a motor automatic operation control mode and an electric heating automatic operation control mode. Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the livestock and poultry manure cake coming out of the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem 3 enters the composting device 4 through the third feed pump 4.1, meanwhile, the heat conduction oil enters the composting device 4 through the second-stage heat conduction oil passage 4.3, the livestock and poultry manure cake in the composting device 4 is further heated to compost under the action of the heat conduction oil, and the process is accompanied by stirring, namely, a second motor 4.6, a second stirring paddle 4.7 and a second stirrer 4.8 are arranged in the composting device 4, and the temperature of materials in the composting device is maintained at 25-50 ℃. Meanwhile, the secondary bacteria liquid spray heads 4.12 are sprayed with the organic fertilizer fermentation bacteria liquid, so that the mixed concentrated liquid of strains capable of resisting high-temperature degradation organic matters is sprayed into the fecal water, the mixed strains are Saccharomyces cerevisiae, high-temperature actinomycetes and bacillus subtilis, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae can secrete a large amount of ethanol and acidic substances (malic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, succinic acid and other organic acids) to realize the energy utilization of the fecal, the high-temperature actinomycetes can endure higher temperature environmental conditions, the quantity change of the high-temperature actinomycetes can dynamically reflect the decomposition degree and effect of the composting process, and the bacillus subtilis is used as the microbial decomposition bacteria agent to cooperate with the composting process. In the process, the aerobic metabolism reaction of the microorganism can generate a large amount of bioenergy, and the material is promoted to be further composted to produce the solid composite organic fertilizer. And (3) discharging the solid organic fertilizer of the livestock and poultry manure cakes after composting from a third discharge valve 4.9.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the volume to mass ratio of the macromolecular organic fertilizer fermentation broth to the manure cake is 1mL: (200-1000 g) and the concentration of the organic fertilizer fermentation bacterial liquid is 80 multiplied by 108cfu/mL-200 multiplied by 108cfu/mL, thereby further fully degrading macromolecular organic matters (such as fat, protein and the like) in the fermented livestock and poultry manure cake. The inventor discovers that if the content of the organic fertilizer fermentation bacteria liquid is too low or the concentration of the organic fertilizer fermentation bacteria liquid is too small, macromolecular organic matters (such as fat, protein and the like) in the livestock and poultry manure cake cannot be effectively fermented and degraded, and if the content of the organic fertilizer fermentation bacteria liquid is too high or the concentration of the organic fertilizer fermentation bacteria liquid is too high, thalli in the high-concentration bacteria liquid may enter into a decay period, so that macromolecular organic matters (such as fat, protein and the like) in the livestock and poultry manure cake cannot be effectively fermented and degraded.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the number of the saccharomyces cerevisiae, the actinomycetes at high temperature to the bacillus subtilis is (65-85): (25-55): (25-55), so that the synergistic symbiotic effect of three strains is best, the metabolic growth rate of each strain is faster, and the fecal fermentation effect is best.
In a further specific embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the material of the composting device is maintained at 25-55 ℃, the pH of the material of the composting device is maintained at 6.5-8.0, and the composting reaction time is 9-11 h, so that the livestock manure cakes in the composting device are further heated and fermented, and the microbial metabolism reaction of the organic fertilizer fermentation bacteria is further facilitated. Specifically, saccharomyces cerevisiae can decompose and secrete a large amount of bioactive substances such as alcohol, protein, amino acid, microorganism and the like at 28-32 ℃, the growth range of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is 30-32 ℃, the conditions of budding, propagation and spore production are best at 32 ℃, and the saccharomyces cerevisiae can grow optimally within the pH value of 6.5-7.5. The most suitable growth temperature of the high temperature actinomycetes is about 45 ℃, and the actinomycetes can be decomposed to generate a large amount of bioactive substances such as protein, amino acid, microorganism and the like at 45-60 ℃, and the suitable pH range is maintained at 6.5-8.0. In addition, the proper growth temperature of the bacillus subtilis is about 45-50 ℃, the proper growth pH value is about 7.0-7.5, the bacillus subtilis can resist the high temperature of 60 ℃ for a long time, has low nutrition requirement, can survive in polar environments such as high temperature, acid and alkali, and the like, and can effectively grow under the temperature and pH conditions of a composting device. The bacillus subtilis can secrete a plurality of endogenous enzymes such as amylase, lipase, protease, cellulase and the like, generate beneficial metabolites such as amino acid, vitamin, growth factor and the like, and can kill or inhibit harmful bacteria or play a role in nutrition for the beneficial bacteria, so that the bacillus subtilis has strong inhibition capability on pathogenic bacteria and good symbiotic capability on the beneficial bacteria. In summary, the composting apparatus maintains the temperature between 25℃and 55℃and the pH between 6.5 and 8.0 in order to provide optimum growth conditions for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, actinomycetes and Bacillus subtilis.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the composting apparatus maintains the fermentation temperature of the material by way of oil conduction heating and water cooling. And controlling the flow of the heat conducting oil entering the composting device through the secondary heat conducting oil passage, so as to control the temperature of materials in the composting device. Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the livestock and poultry manure cakes coming out of the plate-and-frame filter pressing subsystem 3 enter the composting device 4 through the fourth feed inlet 4.2, meanwhile, the heat conduction oil enters the composting device 4 through the secondary heat conduction oil passage 4.3, and the livestock and poultry manure cakes in the composting device 4 are heated and fermented under the action of the heat conduction oil, so that the temperature of the materials in the composting device 4 is continuously increased. The condensed water of the composting device 4 is input from the second water inlet 4.14, is discharged from the second water outlet 4.15, and the cooling water in the condensing pipe enters from the lower opening and exits from the upper opening, so that the air in the condensing pipe is completely discharged, the condensing water can fill the whole condensing pipe, the optimal condensing effect can be achieved, and the temperature of the materials in the composting device 4 is continuously reduced. The temperature of the material in the composting device 4 is finally kept constant at 25-55 ℃.
In a further specific embodiment of the invention, the air flow rate in the composting device is maintained at 60/(kg.h) -100L/(kg.h), an aeration device is intermittently adopted in the fermentation process, the aeration device is started for 30 min/stopped for 30min, the aeration quantity can be adjusted according to the temperature in the reactor in the actual operation process, and the aeration is increased when the temperature of the reactor is higher than 75 ℃. Thereby continuously providing heat to the material in the composting apparatus to maintain it at 25-55 ℃.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, the moisture content of the manure cake after the fermentation of step 4 is less than 15w%.
In another specific embodiment of the invention, the automatic operation of the external touch-control man-machine screen of the composting device is divided into a motor automatic operation control mode and an electric heating automatic operation control mode.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the pH of the material in the composting apparatus is maintained between 6.5 and 8.0, maintained in a suitable growth range, and the pH is measured with pH paper every 48 hours, and if the pH is slightly acidic (less than 6.5), an appropriate amount of alkaline material such as liquid ammonia, magnesium lime or slaked lime, and if the pH is slightly alkaline (greater than 8.0), an appropriate amount of acidic material such as desulfurized gypsum, ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate or chelated iron is added, and the alkaline material or acidic material is pumped into the composting apparatus by a pump to control the pH of the composting process.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the stirring device is used for fully stirring during the process of spraying the macromolecular organic fertilizer fermentation broth. Stirring is not carried out in the first 1 hour after the spraying is finished, stirring is carried out for 5 minutes every 1 hour within the remaining 9 hours, and the degradation tank is turned up and down for 5 times, so that the uniform mixing and reaction of the strain and the material are ensured.
According to the invention, the temperature rise and fall in the fermentation process are realized by the principle of water refrigeration oil heat conduction, and the biological energy generated in the microbial aerobic metabolism reaction is combined, so that the water removal of the excrement and the fermentation composting process are accelerated, the fermentation time of the excrement is greatly shortened (about one day), and the traditional fermentation composting time can be completed in at least 10 days under the conditions of no external heat source and no speed control parameter adjustment. The physical and chemical properties of the pile body are monitored on line in real time by utilizing the touch-control man-machine screen, data are recorded, and the speed control parameters are adjusted according to the monitoring result, so that the composting period is shortened, the automation degree is high, and the operation is convenient. Meanwhile, different organic components in the excrement are degraded by purposefully adding microorganisms in the multi-step fermentation process, the dry-wet separation is carried out on the excrement after the amino acid is produced by the first aerobic fermentation, the separated solid excrement is used as a raw material for producing the composite organic fertilizer by secondary decomposed composting, the separated excrement water is used as a liquid organic fertilizer, the problem of poor fermentation effect caused by loss of beneficial elements in the raw material during composting operation is avoided, the dry-wet separation efficiency of the excrement is effectively improved, the excrement water treatment cost is reduced, and the recycling of organic wastes such as excrement water is realized by multiple fertilizer purposes.
And 5, enabling the liquid manure water separated by the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem to enter a liquid manure water storage fertilizer regulation and control tank, and simultaneously adding irrigation water into the liquid manure water for blending to form the liquid organic fertilizer.
In the step, an electric control filter pressing unit is started, livestock and poultry manure water obtained through plate-frame filter pressing dry-wet separation in the step 3 enters a liquid manure water fertilizer storage regulation and control tank through a fifth feed inlet, a third motor is started, irrigation water is added, and after uniform stirring, the proportioned liquid organic fertilizer is discharged out of the system.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, livestock and poultry manure water and sterile water coming out of the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem 3 enter the liquid manure storage and control tank 5 through the fifth feed inlet 5.1, the third motor 5.3 is started at the same time, the liquid manure storage and control tank 5 is acted by the third stirring paddle 5.4 and the third stirrer 5.5 in a combined way, liquid organic fertilizer requirements with different proportions are selected, stirring is started, and until the liquid organic fertilizer with different proportions is discharged out of the system through the delivery pipe 5.6.8 and the fourth discharge valve 5.7.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the proportioning mechanism 5.6 is arranged, the liquid can be quantitatively temporarily stored by using the metering cup 5.6.2, and the liquid except for excessive quantification can be led into the recovery box 5.6.5 by matching the diverter valve 5.6.4 and the return pipe 5.6.3, so that the waste of redundant liquid is avoided, the proportioning amount of the liquid can be accurately and quantitatively treated, the whole recovery process is automatic recovery, the step of manual proportioning operation is avoided, the proportioning mechanism has the advantage of accurate proportioning, and the problem of manual proportioning is solved.
The method for producing the solid-liquid organic fertilizer by the multi-step fermentation of the fecal sewage according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following specific examples.
Manure water pan feeding blending tank: a rapid start-up tank and a material backflow mixing tank for the fecal fermentation system. The main functions are feeding and mixing.
Step 1: adding untreated initial livestock and poultry manure water with the water content of 85w% into a manure water feeding mixing tank for mixing.
Step 2: the materials are conveyed into a fecal sewage fermentation subsystem to start the sectional reaction and fecal fermentation treatment.
A fecal sewage fermentation subsystem: the microbial metabolism degradation reaction of the high-temperature-resistant amino acid fermentation bacteria liquid is utilized to perform fermentation optimization control on organic matters in the initial livestock and poultry manure, so that the water content in the initial livestock and poultry manure is promoted to be free, the amino acid yield is improved, and the materials are decomposed.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 2.1: livestock and poultry manure water with the water content of about 85w percent enters a manure water fermentation subsystem from a manure water feeding mixing tank.
Step 2.2: starting a first bacterial liquid spray head, and adding a bacterial mixed concentrated solution which is resistant to high temperature and can effectively secrete amino acid into livestock manure by spraying concentrated bacterial liquid into a degradation tank, wherein the volume mass ratio of the concentrated bacterial liquid to the livestock manure is 1:150 (mL: g). The mixed strain is Corynebacterium glutamicum, escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis, the total bacterial content of the mixed solution is 60 multiplied by 10 10 cfu/mL, wherein the bacterial content of the Corynebacterium glutamicum is 50%, the bacterial content of the escherichia coli is 30%, and the bacterial content of the bacillus subtilis is 20%. The amino acid fermentation broth has rich types and amounts of beneficial metabolites such as amino acid, vitamin, growth factor and the like secreted by the amino acid fermentation broth, can efficiently produce amino acid, degrade cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like, and plays a key role in decomposition.
Step 2.3: and fully stirring by using a stirring device of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem in the spraying process. Stirring is not carried out in the first hour after the spraying is finished, stirring is carried out for 5 minutes every 1 hour within 9 hours, and the degradation tank is turned up and down for 5 times, so that the uniform mixing and reaction of the strain and the material are ensured.
Step 2.4: in the process of fully mixing the strains, continuously introducing the air flow rate of 50L/(kg.h) -70L/(kg.h), starting for 30 min/stopping for 30min, and simultaneously, assisting in ventilation can avoid the influence of uneven heating caused by local material heating. The auxiliary ventilation takes away a large amount of water vapor without reducing the temperature of materials on the premise of ensuring the maximum ventilation quantity, thereby ensuring that the metabolism reaction of microorganisms is performed efficiently.
Step 2.5: the first-stage heat conducting oil passage is opened to communicate the passage flow of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem, so that the heat conducting oil enters the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem and can be recycled, and the material temperature in the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem is controlled to be kept at 35-55 ℃, thereby providing a temperature condition suitable for growth of the amino acid fermentation bacteria liquid.
Step 2.6: the first water inlet of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem is opened, so that condensed water is input from the first water inlet and discharged from the first water outlet, cooling water in the condensing pipe enters from the lower opening and exits from the upper opening, and air in the condensing pipe is completely discharged, so that the condensed water fills the whole condensing pipe, the optimal condensing effect is achieved, and the material temperature in the fecal sewage fermentation system is continuously reduced.
Step 2.7: the reaction was carried out for 10 hours. After 10 hours, cellulose in the material is fully degraded to generate a large amount of amino acids, water is dissociated and removed, and the water content of the material is reduced to about 70%. During this time, since the system is a staged continuous type, the pH in the reaction tank will remain in the range suitable for the growth of the species for a longer period of time (> 48 h), i.e., pH around 6.5-7.2, during steady and continuous operation of the reaction equipment. Detecting the pH value every 48 hours by using a pH test paper, if the pH value is slightly acidic (less than 6.5), adding a proper amount of liquid ammonia, magnesium lime or slaked lime, and if the pH value is slightly alkaline (more than 7.0), adding a proper amount of desulfurized gypsum, ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate or chelated iron.
Step 2.8: and opening a first discharge valve of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem to enable livestock and poultry materials with the water content of about 70w% after microbial fermentation reaction to be pumped into the plate-and-frame filter pressing subsystem through a second feed pump and a third feed inlet.
And 3, allowing the fecal sewage of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem to enter a plate-frame filter pressing subsystem for plate-press filtration to realize dry-wet separation of the fecal sewage.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 3.1: the oil cylinder and the hydraulic station are started, and each speed control parameter in the electric control cabinet is regulated, so that the filtering pressure of the plate-and-frame filter-pressing subsystem is maintained at 0.6Mpa, and the motor power of the plate-and-frame filter-pressing subsystem is maintained at 6.5kw. Livestock manure with the water content of about 70w% coming out of the manure water fermentation subsystem passes through the second feed pump and the third feed port suction plate frame filter pressing subsystem, and meanwhile, the filter plate group generates larger liquid phase pressure difference, and the compression cylinder drives the compression plate to move forwards to compress the filter plate, so that dry-wet separation of the manure is performed.
Step3.2: performing plate-frame filter pressing, wherein the water content of the manure cake after the plate-frame filter pressing is 15-30 w%, and the water content of the manure water is 80-90 w%.
Step 3.3: and the manure cake after dry-wet separation is discharged from a filter residue discharge port of the second discharge valve, enters the composting device, and meanwhile, the manure water after dry-wet separation flows out from a filtrate discharge port of the second discharge valve and enters a liquid manure water storage fertilizer regulation pool.
And 4, enabling the solid manure (manure cake) separated by the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem to enter a composting device, and starting a secondary bacterial liquid spray head to spray secondary bacterial liquid to the solid manure so as to ferment the solid manure to form a solid organic fertilizer.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 4.1: livestock and poultry manure cakes with the water content of about 15w percent enter a composting device from a plate-frame filter pressing subsystem.
Step 4.2: and opening a secondary heat conducting oil passage connected with the composting device, and communicating the passage flow of the composting device, so that the heat conducting oil enters the composting device and can be recycled, and further, the temperature of materials in the composting device is controlled to be kept at 25-50 ℃, and a temperature condition suitable for growth of organic fertilizer fermentation bacteria liquid is provided.
Step 4.3: starting a second bacterial liquid spray head, spraying concentrated bacterial liquid into the composting device, so as to spray bacterial mixed concentrated liquid capable of resisting high-temperature degradation organic matters into the livestock and poultry manure cakes, wherein the volume mass ratio of the concentrated bacterial liquid to the livestock and poultry manure cakes is 1:600 (mL: g). The mixed strain is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, high-temperature actinomycetes and bacillus subtilis, the total bacterial content of the mixed solution is 120 multiplied by 108cfu/mL, wherein the content of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 60%, the content of the high-temperature actinomycetes is 20%, and the content of the bacillus subtilis is 20%. Saccharomyces cerevisiae can secrete a large amount of bioactive substances such as alcohol, protein, amino acid, microorganism and the like, and high-temperature actinomycetes and bacillus subtilis can secrete a plurality of endogenous enzymes such as amylase, lipase, protease, cellulase and the like to generate beneficial metabolites such as amino acid, vitamin, growth factor and the like, can continuously act on macromolecular organic matters (such as fat, protein and the like) in livestock and poultry manure cakes, can effectively kill or inhibit harmful bacteria in the livestock and poultry manure cakes, or has a nutritional effect on the beneficial bacteria. In the process, the aerobic metabolism reaction of microorganisms can generate a large amount of bioenergy, so that the fermentation optimization control is carried out on organic matters in the livestock and poultry manure water, and the further free and removal of water in the material are promoted.
Step 4.4: and in the spraying process, the stirring device is fully stirred by utilizing an automatic operation control mode of a motor of an external touch-control man-machine screen of the composting device. Stirring is not carried out in the first 1 hour after the spraying is finished, stirring is carried out for 5 minutes every 1 hour within the remaining 9 hours, and the degradation tank is turned up and down for 5 times, so that the uniform mixing and reaction of the strain and the material are ensured. The automatic operation monitors the physicochemical properties of the pile body on line in real time, records data, and adjusts the speed control parameters according to the monitoring result, thereby shortening the composting period.
Step 4.5: in the process of fully mixing and stirring the strain and the material, continuously introducing the air flow rate of which the flow rate is 50L/(kg.h) -70L/(kg.h), starting for 30 min/stopping for 30min, and simultaneously, assisting in ventilation can avoid the influence of uneven heating caused by local material heating. The auxiliary ventilation takes away a large amount of water vapor without reducing the temperature of materials on the premise of ensuring the maximum ventilation quantity, thereby ensuring that the metabolism reaction of microorganisms is performed efficiently.
Step 4.6: the reaction was carried out for 10 hours. After 10 hours, the organic matters in the materials are fully fermented and degraded, and a third discharging valve at the bottom of the composting device is opened to obtain the solid organic fertilizer with the water content of 10%.
During this time, since the fecal fermentation system is staged, the pH within the composting device will remain in the range suitable for bacterial growth for a longer period of time (> 48 h), i.e., pH around 6.5-7.5, during steady and continuous operation of the apparatus. The pH value is detected by a pH test paper every 48 hours, if the pH value is slightly acidic (less than 6.5), a proper amount of liquid ammonia, magnesium lime or slaked lime is added, and if the pH value is slightly alkaline (more than 7.5), a proper amount of citric acid is added.
Step 4.7: and collecting and removing the solid organic fertilizer after the reaction from a discharge hole.
And 5, enabling the liquid manure water separated by the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem to enter a liquid manure water storage fertilizer regulation and control tank, and simultaneously adding irrigation water into the liquid manure water for blending to form the liquid organic fertilizer.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 5.1: and opening a valve of the fifth feed inlet, and conveying livestock and poultry manure water with the moisture content of 85% which is separated by drying and wetting in the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem into a liquid manure water and fertilizer storage regulation pool.
Step 5.2: starting a third motor of the liquid manure water fertilizer storage regulation and control tank, jointly combining the third stirring paddle with a third stirrer to act in the regulation and control tank, selecting liquid organic fertilizer requirements of different proportions, starting stirring, quantitatively temporarily storing liquid by using a metering cup through a proportioning mechanism, guiding the liquid beyond the excessive ration into a recovery box by using a diverter valve and a return pipe, and discharging the liquid organic fertilizer of different proportions out of a system through a delivery pipe and a discharge valve until the liquid organic fertilizer of different proportions is accurately proportioned and quantitatively treated.
The air temperature, stack temperature and water content of each stage are shown in table 1, and specifically are as follows:
TABLE 1
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As can be seen from table 1, in this embodiment, the water content of the livestock manure with the initial water content of about 85w% can be reduced to below 10w% within 24 hours, so that the manure fermentation rate of the livestock manure is greatly improved, the efficiency of dry-wet separation of manure water is effectively improved, the manure water treatment cost is reduced, and the recycling of organic wastes such as manure water is realized by various fertilizer applications.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A system for the multi-step fermentation co-production of solid-liquid organic fertilizer from manure water, comprising: the device comprises a liquid manure feeding mixing tank, a manure fermentation subsystem, a plate-frame filter pressing subsystem, a liquid manure storage fertilizer regulation and control tank and a composting device;
The discharge port of the liquid manure water feeding mixing tank is connected with the feed port of the manure water fermentation subsystem, the discharge port of the manure water fermentation subsystem is connected with the feed port of the plate frame filter pressing subsystem, and the discharge port of the plate frame filter pressing subsystem is respectively connected with the feed port of the liquid manure water and fertilizer storage regulation and control tank and the feed port of the composting device;
The composting device is internally provided with a first-level bacterial liquid spray head, and the first-level bacterial liquid spray head is used for spraying first-level bacterial liquid to the manure water entering the manure water fermentation subsystem so as to enable the manure water to be subjected to aerobic fermentation to generate amino acid; the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem is used for carrying out dry-wet separation on the liquid manure entering the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem, the separated liquid manure enters the liquid manure storage and control tank to form liquid organic fertilizer after being prepared, the separated solid manure enters the composting device, and the secondary bacterial liquid spray head is used for spraying the secondary bacterial liquid to the solid manure entering the composting device so as to form the solid organic fertilizer after the solid manure is fermented.
2. The system for coproducing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of manure water according to claim 1, wherein the manure water fermentation subsystem comprises a manure water fermentation tank, a primary heat conducting oil passage and a primary water cooling passage, and the primary heat conducting oil passage and the primary water cooling passage are both arranged on the outer wall of the manure water fermentation tank;
the composting device is also provided with a secondary heat conduction oil passage and a secondary water cooling passage, and the secondary heat conduction oil passage and the secondary water cooling passage are both arranged on the outer wall of the composting device;
the primary heat conduction oil passage and the secondary heat conduction oil passage are both used for introducing heat conduction oil, the primary heat conduction oil passage is communicated with the secondary heat conduction oil passage, and the primary water cooling passage and the secondary water cooling passage are both used for introducing cooling water.
3. The system for coproducing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of fecal sewage according to claim 2, wherein the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem further comprises an aeration unit, the aeration unit comprises a first motor, a first stirrer, a first stirring paddle, a first air valve, a first pressure gauge and a first aeration device, the first stirrer and the first stirring paddle are arranged in the fecal sewage fermentation tank, the first stirring paddle is arranged on the first stirrer, the first stirrer is connected with an output shaft of the first motor, the first aeration device is arranged at a bottom position in the fecal sewage fermentation tank, and the first air valve and the first pressure gauge are arranged on the outer side wall of the fecal sewage fermentation tank;
The composting device further comprises a second motor, a second stirrer, a second stirring paddle, a second air valve and a second pressure gauge, wherein the second stirrer and the second stirring paddle are arranged in the composting device, the second stirring paddle is arranged on the second stirrer, the second stirrer is connected with an output shaft of the second motor, the second air valve and the second pressure gauge form a second aeration device, and the second air valve and the second pressure gauge are arranged on the outer side wall of the composting device.
4. A system for the multi-step fermentation co-production of solid-liquid organic fertilizer from manure water according to claim 3, wherein the manure water fermentation subsystem further comprises a first pH electrode and a first thermometer probe, both of which are inserted on a sidewall of the manure water fermentation tank;
The composting device further comprises a second pH electrode and a second thermometer probe, and the second pH electrode and the second thermometer probe are both inserted into the side wall of the composting device.
5. The system for coproducing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of fecal sewage according to claim 1, wherein the plate-and-frame filter pressing subsystem comprises a filter pressing unit and an electric control hydraulic unit, the filter pressing unit comprises a box filter plate and a diaphragm plate, the box filter plate and the diaphragm plate are arranged side by side, and the diaphragm plate is arranged at one side of the box filter plate close to the composting device; the electric control hydraulic unit comprises an oil cylinder, an electric control cabinet and a hydraulic station, wherein the hydraulic station is connected with the electric control cabinet, and the oil cylinder is connected with the hydraulic station.
6. The system for producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of liquid manure according to claim 1, wherein the liquid manure storage regulation and control tank comprises a fertilizer storage tank, a mixing mechanism and a proportioning mechanism, the mixing mechanism comprises a third motor, a third stirrer and a third stirring paddle, the third stirrer and the third stirring paddle are arranged in the fertilizer storage tank, the third stirring paddle is arranged on the third stirrer, and the third stirrer is connected with an output shaft of the third motor;
The proportioning mechanism is arranged on the outer side wall of the fertilizer storage pool and comprises a storage box, a placement seat is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the storage box, a measuring cup is placed on the top of the placement seat, four flow dividing valves are fixedly connected to one side of the measuring cup, the other end of each flow dividing valve is fixedly connected with a return pipe, scale strips are arranged on the surface of the measuring cup, and the four flow dividing valves correspond to the scale strips respectively; a recovery box is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom of the storage box, and the other end of each return pipe extends into the recovery box; the top of the measuring cup is movably inserted with an ingress pipe, the ingress pipe is positioned at the top of the storage box, the bottom of the measuring cup is movably inserted with a guide pipe, and the bottom end of the guide pipe extends to the inside of the fertilizer storage pool; the bottom of the recovery box is connected with a delivery pipe, a fourth discharge valve is arranged on the outer side wall of the fertilizer storage tank, and the delivery pipe is connected with the fourth discharge valve.
7. A method for producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of fecal sewage, which is characterized in that the system for producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of fecal sewage according to any one of claims 1-6 comprises the following steps:
Step 1, placing initial fecal sewage into a fecal sewage feeding mixing tank for mixing;
step 2, placing the liquid manure in the liquid manure feeding mixing tank into a liquid manure fermentation subsystem, starting a primary bacterial liquid spray head to spray primary bacterial liquid to the liquid manure, and performing aerobic fermentation on the liquid manure to generate amino acid for degradation reaction;
step 3, placing the fecal sewage of the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem into a plate-and-frame filter pressing subsystem for plate-and-press filtration to realize dry-wet separation of the fecal sewage;
step 4, the solid manure separated by the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem enters a composting device, and a secondary bacterial liquid spray head is started to spray secondary bacterial liquid to the solid manure, so that the solid manure is fermented to form a solid organic fertilizer;
And 5, enabling the liquid manure water separated by the plate-frame filter pressing subsystem to enter a liquid manure water storage fertilizer regulation and control tank, and simultaneously adding irrigation water into the liquid manure water for blending to form the liquid organic fertilizer.
8. The method for producing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of fecal sewage according to claim 7, wherein the primary bacterial liquid comprises corynebacterium glutamicum, escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis, and the secondary bacterial liquid comprises saccharomyces cerevisiae, actinomycetes at high temperature and bacillus subtilis.
9. The method for producing a solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of fecal sewage according to claim 8, wherein the ratio of the bacterial count of corynebacterium glutamicum, escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis is (65-85): 45-65): 35-55, and the ratio of the bacterial count of saccharomyces cerevisiae, actinomycetes at high temperature and bacillus subtilis is (65-85): 25-55.
10. The method for coproducing solid-liquid organic fertilizer by multi-step fermentation of fecal sewage according to claim 7, wherein the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem comprises a first air valve, a primary heat conducting oil passage and a primary water cooling passage, the composting device is provided with a second air valve, a secondary heat conducting oil passage and a secondary water cooling passage, and the primary heat conducting oil passage is communicated with the secondary heat conducting oil passage;
the step 2 further comprises the following steps: when the temperature needs to be raised, the primary heat conduction oil passage and the first air valve are opened, so that the temperature of the fecal sewage in the fecal sewage fermentation subsystem is raised; when the liquid manure is cooled, the primary water cooling passage is opened, the primary heat conducting oil passage and the first air valve are closed, and the liquid manure in the liquid manure fermentation subsystem is cooled;
The step 4 further comprises the following steps: when the temperature needs to be raised, the secondary heat conduction oil passage and the second air valve are opened, and the solid manure in the composting device is raised; when the temperature needs to be reduced, the secondary water cooling passage is opened, the secondary heat conduction oil passage and the second air valve are closed, and the solid manure in the composting device is cooled.
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