CN118001397A - 一种光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明涉及抗肿瘤药物技术领域,具体公开一种光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物及其制备方法和应用。光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物中,全无机钙钛矿量子点具有可调节的带隙;包覆物可有效阻断全无机钙钛矿量子点与外界环境的接触,提高稳定性。光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物到达患者体内后,通过肿瘤靶向剂使药物精确到达肿瘤部位。全无机钙钛矿量子点在可见光照射下会产生电子和空穴。GSH与空穴结合,通过氧化产生GSSG,GSH的降低会破坏肿瘤细胞的氧化还原稳态,同时GSSG可以氧化肿瘤细胞的细胞膜;电子在有氧环境中产生ROS,破坏肿瘤细胞的蛋白质和DNA结构;结合化疗药物的作用,导致肿瘤细胞的凋亡。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗肿瘤药物技术领域,尤其涉及一种光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
肿瘤(tumour)是指机体在各种致瘤因子作用下,局部组织细胞增生所形成的新生物,因为这种新生物多呈占位性块状突起,也称赘生物。目前,肿瘤的治疗手段包括手术、放射疗法、化学疗法、免疫治疗和靶向治疗。手术可用于切除肿瘤组织,放射疗法(简称放疗)用于破坏癌细胞,化学疗法(简称化疗)则通过药物抑制或杀死癌细胞;免疫治疗包括使用免疫检查点抑制剂和CAR-T细胞疗法等,通过激活患者自身的免疫系统来攻击癌细胞;靶向治疗是根据肿瘤细胞的特定特征,选择性地攻击癌细胞的治疗方式,这种方法可以减少对正常细胞的损害。虽然,肿瘤治疗领域取得了一些显著的进展,但目前各种治疗方法仍存在局限性。导致这些局限性的原因有:(1)肿瘤异质性:肿瘤内的细胞具有不同的分子特征,不同部分的肿瘤可能会对同一治疗方法产生不同的反应,这使得治疗方案变得更加复杂;(2)免疫逃逸:一些肿瘤可以通过各种机制逃脱免疫系统的攻击,从而限制了免疫疗法的有效性;(3)治疗后的复发:即使患者对初始治疗做出了积极的反应,肿瘤仍可能在一段时间后复发;(4)早期诊断的挑战:早期诊断仍然是一个挑战,因为许多肿瘤在早期没有明显症状,导致在疾病进展到晚期时才被发现,大大增加了后续治疗的难度。因此,目前亟需开发一种提高肿瘤治疗效果的药物。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供一种光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物及其制备方法和应用,通过肿瘤靶向剂可使光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物精确到达肿瘤部位,之后全无机钙钛矿量子点在可见光照射下产生电子和空穴,进一步产生活性氧(ROS),活性氧和化疗药物共同作用于肿瘤细胞,通过光电催化与化疗药物结合,提高了光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物化疗的整体效果,最终导致肿瘤细胞凋亡。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用了如下的技术方案:
第一方面,本发明提供一种光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物,包括全无机钙钛矿量子点和包覆物,所述包覆物包裹在所述全无机钙钛矿量子点的表面;
所述全无机钙钛矿量子点包括CsSn1-xPbxBr3-y-zClyIz,其中,x=0~1,y=0~3,z=0~3;
所述包覆物为键合了肿瘤靶向剂和化疗药物的载体,所述肿瘤靶向剂和所述化疗药物通过酰胺键结合在所述载体上。
需要说明的是,本发明中的“键合”是指肿瘤靶向剂和/或化疗药物通过酰胺键结合在载体上。
相对于现有技术,本发明提供的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物中,全无机钙钛矿量子点具有可调节的带隙,发射光波长范围为510~696nm,可以实现光致发光;包覆物可以有效阻断全无机钙钛矿量子点与外界环境(如空气、水或乙醇等)的接触,提高了全无机钙钛矿量子点的稳定性。肿瘤靶向剂具有肿瘤的靶向功能,光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物到达患者体内后,通过肿瘤靶向剂可使药物精确到达肿瘤部位。全无机钙钛矿量子点在可见光照射下会产生电子(e-)和空穴(h+)。为了抵抗癌症发展过程中的氧化应激损伤,肿瘤细胞通常具有较高水平的抗氧化系统,谷胱甘肽(GSH)是肿瘤细胞抗氧化系统中最重要的抗氧化剂之一。肿瘤细胞过度表达的GSH可与空穴结合,通过氧化产生氧化谷胱甘肽(GSSG)而导致GSH的持续耗竭,GSH的降低会破坏肿瘤细胞的氧化还原稳态,同时,产生的GSSG可以氧化肿瘤细胞的细胞膜,从而引发细胞的损伤甚至死亡。电子在有氧环境中产生ROS,包括超氧阴离子(O2 .-)、羟基自由基(·OH)和单线态氧(1O2),ROS的增多会造成肿瘤细胞的蛋白质和DNA结构的破坏,从而导致肿瘤细胞的凋亡。化疗药物本身具有一定的抗肿瘤作用,本发明将全无机钙钛矿量子点与化疗药物进行结合,提高了光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物进行化疗的整体效果,最终导致肿瘤细胞的凋亡,更好地起到了抗肿瘤的作用。
优选的,所述载体为壳聚糖(CS)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、对聚亚磺酰氨基酰胺(PSAA)或1,2-二油酰基卵磷脂(DOPC)中的至少一种。
优选的,所述肿瘤靶向剂为叶酸(FA)。
优选的,所述化疗药物为甲氨蝶呤(MTX)。
四氢叶酸是肿瘤细胞内合成嘌呤核苷酸和嘧啶脱氧核苷酸的重要辅酶,甲氨蝶呤是一种叶酸还原酶抑制剂,可以抑制二氢叶酸还原酶,而使二氢叶酸不能还原成有生理活性的四氢叶酸,从而达到阻断嘌呤合成的目的,使肿瘤细胞周期停滞在S期,最终导致肿瘤细胞的凋亡。
本发明优选的载体为天然高分子,优选的肿瘤靶向剂及化疗药物均为天然小分子,这些天然高分子和天然小分子具有生物相容性,可使全无机钙钛矿量子点更适用于医药生物领域。
优选的,所述全无机钙钛矿量子点、所述载体、所述肿瘤靶向剂和所述化疗药物的质量比为(7~9):(4~6):(0.8~1.2):(0.8~1.2)。
优选的,所述全无机钙钛矿量子点的粒径为5~200nm,进一步优选为5~100nm,更优选为5~50nm。
优选的,所述光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物为球状,粒径为5~1000nm,进一步优选为5~500nm,更优选为10~220nm。
第二方面,本发明提供一种光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,制备零维钙钛矿量子点溶液,零维钙钛矿量子点为Cs4Sn1-xPbxBr6-m-nClmIn,其中,x=0~1,m=0~6,n=0~6;
S2,制备包覆物溶液;
S3,将所述零维钙钛矿量子点溶液与所述包覆物溶液混合均匀,得含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液;
S4,向所述含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液中加入萃取剂,得光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物。
相对于现有技术,本发明提供的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的制备方法,无荧光的零维钙钛矿量子点会因水等极性溶剂触发而发生界面转换,形成有荧光的三维的全无机钙钛矿量子点,使用包覆物(即键合了肿瘤靶向剂及化疗药物的载体)将这一转变过程中的全无机钙钛矿量子点包覆起来。包覆物溶液具有生物官能性和相容性、血液相容性、安全性及微生物降解性等优良性能,在键合了肿瘤靶向剂和化疗药物的载体溶液中包覆转变过程中的零维钙钛矿量子点,有利于将全无机钙钛矿量子点用于医学检测和肿瘤治疗等技术领域。
优选的,S1制备零维钙钛矿量子点溶液的步骤具体包括:
S11,将碳酸铯和脂肪酸溶于第一溶剂中,混合均匀,得碳酸铯溶液;
S12,将卤化物和表面活性剂溶于第一溶剂中,混合均匀,得卤化物溶液;
所述卤化物为PbX2或SnX2中的至少一种;其中,X为Br、Cl或I中的至少一种;
S13,将所述碳酸铯溶液与所述卤化物溶液混合均匀,于80~200℃反应,固液分离,得零维钙钛矿量子点;
S14,将所述零维钙钛矿量子点分散于第二溶剂中,混合均匀,得零维钙钛矿量子点溶液。
需要说明的是,S11和S12没有先后顺序。
本发明中,零维钙钛矿量子点可通过在过量Cs+和表面活性剂的环境中合成,且该条件下合成的零维钙钛矿量子点具有单分散性,尺寸可在5~45nm的范围内调整;与三维的全无机钙钛矿量子点相比,零维钙钛矿量子点具有更好的稳定性,不易降解。此外,零维钙钛矿量子点在非极性相中可以转化为三维的全无机钙钛矿量子点,同时在水中形成的副产物卤化铯,很容易从有机相中分离出来,有利于后续的纯化。
进一步优选的,S11中,所述脂肪酸为油酸、亚麻酸或亚油酸中的至少一种。
进一步优选的,S11和S12中,所述第一溶剂为1-十八稀或环己稀中的至少一种。
进一步优选的,S11中,所述碳酸铯、所述脂肪酸和所述第一溶剂的摩尔体积比为(0.4~0.6)mmol:(0.8~1.2)mL:(13~18)mL。
进一步优选的,S11中,混合的温度为120~150℃,混合的时间为1.5~2.5h。
示例的,S11中,混合的搅拌速率为400~800rpm。
本发明通过控制混合的条件,可以使碳酸铯更充分、快速地溶解于脂肪酸与第一溶剂中。
进一步优选的,S12中,所述表面活性剂为油胺、油酸、脂肪酸甘油酯或卵磷脂中的至少一种。更优选的,所述表面活性剂为体积比为(0.8~1.2):(1.3~1.7)的油酸和油胺。
本发明优选的表面活性剂可以抑制钙钛矿晶核的外延生长。
进一步优选的,S12中,所述卤化物、所述表面活性剂和所述第一溶剂的摩尔体积比为(0.8~1.2)mmol:(2.2~2.8)mL:(0.3~0.7)mL。
进一步优选的,S12中,混合的温度为120~150℃,混合的时间为1.5~2.5h。
示例的,S12中,混合的搅拌速率为400~800rpm。
本发明通过控制混合条件,可以使卤化物更充分、快速地溶解于表面活性剂与第一溶剂中。
需要说明的是,卤化物的具体物质成分及其摩尔比可根据目标产物进行调整。比如,目标产物为Cs4Sn0.4Pb0.6Br6,卤化物可以为摩尔比为2:3的SnBr2和PbBr2;目标产物为Cs4Sn0.5Pb0.5Br4Cl2,卤化物可以为摩尔比为3:1:2的SnBr2、PbBr2和PbCl2,也可以为摩尔比为3:1:2的PbBr2、SnBr2和SnCl2,只要能得到目标产物即可。
示例的,S13中,所述碳酸铯溶液和所述卤化物溶液的体积比为(5.0~6.3):1。
示例的,S13中,所述反应的搅拌速率为400~800rpm。
进一步优选的,S13中,所述反应的温度为100~160℃,反应时间为25~38min。
进一步优选的,S14中,所述第二溶剂为环己烷、环丙烷或己烷中的至少一种。
进一步优选的,S14中,所述零维钙钛矿量子点溶液的浓度为1.5~2.0mg/mL。
本发明通过控制S1制备零维钙钛矿量子点溶液的具体条件,可以更好地得到稳定的零维钙钛矿量子点,便于后续操作。优选的第二溶剂可以使零维钙钛矿量子点长期保存而不发生变性。
优选的,S2制备包覆物溶液的步骤具体包括:
S21,将肿瘤靶向剂和羧基活化剂溶于第三溶剂中,混合均匀,得肿瘤靶向剂溶液;
S22,将载体溶于有机酸溶液中,混合均匀,得载体溶液;
S23,将化疗药物和羧基活化剂溶于第三溶剂中,混合均匀,得化疗药物溶液;
S24,将所述肿瘤靶向剂溶液与所述载体溶液混合均匀,于15~30℃反应第一预设时间;调节反应料液的pH至碱性,继续反应第二预设时间,离心,得键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体;将所述键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶于水,混合均匀,得键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液;
S25,将所述键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液与所述化疗药物溶液混合均匀,于15~30℃反应第三预设时间,得包覆物溶液。
需要说明的是,S21~S23之间没有先后顺序。
本发明通过载体上的氨基与肿瘤靶向剂上的羧基发生酰胺化反应,将肿瘤靶向剂键合到载体上;然后在碱性条件下,载体上的羧基与羟基进行酯化反应,析出沉淀,制得键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体;再通过载体上的氨基与化疗药物上的羧基发生酰胺化反应,将化疗药物键合到键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体上,制得包覆物,用于包裹零维钙钛矿量子点/全无机钙钛矿量子点。
进一步优选的,S21和S23中,所述羧基活化剂为1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺(EDC)、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)或碳化二亚胺中的至少一种。更优选的,所述羧基活化剂为1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺。
本发明优选的羧基活化剂可以进一步提高羧基的活化程度,促进后续酰胺化反应的发生。
进一步优选的,S21和S23中,所述第三溶剂为二甲基亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、G-丁内酯或N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中的至少一种。
进一步优选的,S21中,所述肿瘤靶向剂、所述羧基活化剂和所述第三溶剂的质量体积比为(4.4~6.6)mg:(100~120)mg:(4~7)mL。
进一步优选的,S22中,所述有机酸溶液为乙酸水溶液、甲酸水溶液或乳酸水溶液中的至少一种。
更优选的,S22中,所述有机酸溶液的体积浓度为0.8%~1.2%。
示例的,S22中,所述有机酸溶液中溶剂为去离子水。
进一步优选的,S22中,所述载体和所述有机酸溶液的质量体积比为100mg:(80~120)mL。
本发明优选的有机酸溶液及其用量可以有效溶解载体,有利于后续步骤的进行。
进一步优选的,S23中,所述化疗药物、所述羧基活化剂和所述第三溶剂的质量体积比为(4.5~5.5)mg:(90~120)mg:(4~7)mL。
示例的,S24中,所述肿瘤靶向剂溶液和所述载体溶液的体积比为1:(4.5~5.5)。
进一步优选的,S24中,所述第一预设时间为14~20h。
进一步优选的,S24中,采用氢氧化钠调节反应料液的pH=8~10。
示例的,S24中,所述水为去离子水。
进一步优选的,S24中,所述第二预设时间为14~20h。
示例的,S24中,所述离心的转速为5000~10000rpm,时间为3~30min。
进一步优选的,S24中,所述键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液的浓度为1.0~1.3mg/mL。
示例的,S25中,所述键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液和所述化疗药物溶液的体积比为(4.5~5.5):1。
进一步优选的,S25中,所述第三预设时间为14~20h。
本发明通过控制S2制备包覆物溶液的具体条件,可以更好地得到用于包裹零维钙钛矿量子点/全无机钙钛矿量子点的键合了肿瘤靶向剂和化疗药物的载体溶液,便于后续操作。
优选的,S3的步骤具体包括:
在搅拌条件下,将所述包覆物溶液滴入所述零维钙钛矿量子点溶液中,分液,取有机相过滤,得含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液。
本发明在零维钙钛矿量子点溶液与包覆物溶液的混合过程中,零维钙钛矿量子点通过失去3个卤化铯得到三维的全无机钙钛矿量子点,或者零维钙钛矿量子点通过得到3个卤化铅得到三维的全无机钙钛矿量子点,即无荧光的零维钙钛矿量子点因极性溶剂的触发而发生界面转换(相变),形成有荧光的三维的全无机钙钛矿量子点;与此同时,包覆物会包裹住零维钙钛矿量子点/全无机钙钛矿量子点。零维钙钛矿量子点溶液的溶剂为有机相,包覆物溶液的溶剂为水和有机相,在混合过程中制得的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物最终分散于有机相中;分液后去除水相有利于后续的萃取,有机相过滤后得到的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的最大直径不超过220nm。
示例的,S3中,所述零维钙钛矿量子点溶液和所述包覆物溶液的体积比为(4.5~5.5):1。
示例的,S3的混合过程中,料液的颜色逐渐由白色转变成绿色,待料液的颜色稳定后,超声处理2~10min。超声处理有利于将溶液混合均匀,使包覆物更充分地包裹零维钙钛矿量子点/全无机钙钛矿量子点。
示例的,S3中,所述过滤采用直径为0.22μm的过滤器。
优选的,S4的步骤具体包括:
向所述含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液中加入萃取剂,离心,干燥,研磨,得光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物。
进一步优选的,S4中,所述萃取剂为乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙醚或乙醇中的至少一种。
进一步优选的,S4中,所述含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液和所述萃取剂的体积比为1:(3~6)。
示例的,S4中,所述离心的转速为5000~10000rpm,时间为3~30min。
第三方面,本发明提供一种光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物在制备治疗实体瘤的药物中的应用。
优选的,所述实体瘤包括肺癌。
第四方面,本发明提供一种光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物在非诊断目的地检测化疗药物的作用位置或检测肿瘤位置中的应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中全无机钙钛矿量子点CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3的TEM图;
图2为本发明实施例1中光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@CS-FA-MTX的TEM图;
图3为本发明实施例1~5中全无机钙钛矿量子点的光致发光光谱图;
图4为本发明抗肿瘤动物试验中小鼠活体成像皮下肿瘤的荧光强度图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明的抗肿瘤动物试验中所用的小鼠为6~8周龄C57BL/6JNifdc雄鼠,购自北京维通利华公司。所有小鼠均在恒定环境条件下(22±1℃,相对湿度为40%~70%)进行饲养。所有动物试验均已经过河北医科大学第二医院伦理会的许可。
为了更好的说明本发明,下面通过实施例做进一步的举例说明。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA,包括全无机钙钛矿量子点CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3和包覆物MTX-CS-FA,包覆物包裹在全无机钙钛矿量子点的表面。全无机钙钛矿量子点、壳聚糖、叶酸和甲氨蝶呤的质量比为8:5:1:1。
上述光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1,制备零维钙钛矿量子点溶液。
S11,将碳酸铯和油酸溶于1-十八稀中(碳酸铯、油酸和1-十八稀的摩尔体积比为0.5mmol:1mL:16mL),于130℃搅拌,混合均匀,得碳酸铯溶液。
S12,将SnBr2和PbBr2溶于1-十八稀中(SnBr2、PbBr2和1-十八稀的摩尔体积比为1mmol:1mmol:1mL),再依次加入油酸和油胺(1-十八稀、油酸和油胺的体积比为1:2:3),于130℃混合均匀,得卤化物溶液。
S13,将上述卤化物溶液加入到上述碳酸铯溶液中(卤化物溶液和碳酸铯溶液的体积比1:5.3),混合均匀,于130℃反应,反应料液变成混浊的白色后,控制反应结束。采用冷水浴将反应料液降至室温,固液分离,得白色沉淀物零维钙钛矿量子点Cs4Sn0.5Pb0.5Br6。对其进行TEM分析测试,观察形貌特征,结果如图1所示。由图1可知,CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3表现出规则且均匀的矩形形态,粒径为5~20nm。
S14,将上述零维钙钛矿量子点溶于环己烷中,混合均匀,得浓度为1.8mg/mL的零维钙钛矿量子点溶液。
S2,制备包覆物溶液。
S21,将叶酸溶于二甲基亚砜(叶酸和二甲基亚砜的质量体积比为1mg:1mL)中,再依次加入EDC和NHS(叶酸、EDC和NHS的质量比为1:13:7),混合均匀,得肿瘤靶向剂溶液。
S22,将壳聚糖溶于体积浓度为1.0%的乙酸水溶液中(壳聚糖和乙酸水溶液的质量体积比为1mg:1mL),混合均匀,得载体溶液。
S23,将甲氨蝶呤溶于二甲基亚砜中(甲氨蝶呤和二甲基亚砜的质量体积比为1mg:1mL),再依次加入EDC和NHS(甲氨蝶呤、EDC和NHS的质量比为1:13:7),混合均匀,得化疗药物溶液。
S24,将上述载体溶液加入上述肿瘤靶向剂溶液中(载体溶液和肿瘤靶向剂溶液的体积比为5:1),混合均匀,常温下反应16h。采用氢氧化钠调节反应料液的pH=9,常温下继续反应16h,离心,得键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体。将上述键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶于水,混合均匀,得浓度为1.1mg/mL的键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液。
S25,将上述化疗药物溶液加入上述键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液中(化疗药物溶液和键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液的体积比为1:5),混合均匀,常温下反应16h,得包覆物溶液。
S3,边搅拌边向上述零维钙钛矿量子点溶液中滴入上述包覆物溶液(量子点溶液与包覆物溶液的体积比为5:1),料液的颜色逐渐由白色转变成绿色,待料液的颜色稳定后,超声处理后静置分液,采用直径为0.22μm的过滤器对有机相进行过滤,得含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液。
S4,向上述含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液中加入5倍体积的乙酸乙酯,离心,干燥,研磨,得光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物。对其进行TEM分析测试,观察形貌特征,结果如图2所示。由图2可知,CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA呈现出清晰、均匀分布的球状形态,边缘部位可以看到均匀的、具有一定厚度的MTX-CS-FA包覆物,粒径为20~40nm。
需要说明的是,S11和S12没有先后顺序,S21~S23之间没有先后顺序。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物CsSn0.8Pb0.2Br3@MTX-PEG-FA,包括全无机钙钛矿量子点CsSn0.8Pb0.2Br3和包覆物MTX-PEG-FA,包覆物包裹在全无机钙钛矿量子点的表面。全无机钙钛矿量子点、聚乙二醇、叶酸和甲氨蝶呤的质量比为8.75:5:1:1。
上述光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1,制备零维钙钛矿量子点溶液。
S11,将碳酸铯和亚麻酸溶于环己稀中(碳酸铯、亚麻酸和环己稀的摩尔体积比为0.5mmol:1mL:16.25mL),于140℃搅拌,混合均匀,得碳酸铯溶液。
S12,将SnBr2和PbBr2溶于环己稀中(SnBr2、PbBr2和环己稀的摩尔体积比为4mmol:1mmol:2.5mL),再依次加入油酸和脂肪酸甘油酯(环己烯、油酸和脂肪酸甘油的体积比为1:3:4),于140℃混合均匀,得卤化物溶液。
S13,将上述卤化物溶液加入到上述碳酸铯溶液中(卤化物溶液与碳酸铯溶液的体积比为1:5.6),混合均匀,于100℃反应,反应料液变成混浊的白色后,控制反应结束。采用冷水浴将反应料液降至室温,固液分离,得白色沉淀物零维钙钛矿量子点Cs4Sn0.8Pb0.2Br6。
S14,将上述零维钙钛矿量子点溶于环丙烷中,混合均匀,得浓度为1.5mg/mL的零维钙钛矿量子点溶液。
S2,制备包覆物溶液。
S21,将叶酸溶于二甲基甲酰胺中(叶酸和二甲基甲酰胺的质量体积比为1.1mg:1mL),再依次加入EDC和NHS(叶酸、EDC和NHS的质量比为1.1:20:10),混合均匀,得肿瘤靶向剂溶液。
S22,将聚乙二醇溶于体积浓度为1.2%的甲酸水溶液中(聚乙二醇和甲酸水溶液的质量体积比为1mg:0.8mL),混合均匀,得载体溶液。
S23,将甲氨蝶呤溶于二甲基甲酰胺中(甲氨蝶呤和二甲基甲酰胺的质量体积比为1.25mg:1mL),再依次加入EDC和NHS(叶酸、EDC和NHS质量比为1.1:20:10),混合均匀,得化疗药物溶液。
S24,将上述载体溶液加入上述肿瘤靶向剂溶液中(载体溶液和肿瘤靶向剂溶液的体积比为5:1),混合均匀,常温下反应14h。采用氢氧化钠调节反应料液的pH=8,常温下继续反应20h,离心,得键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体。将上述键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶于水,混合均匀,得浓度为1.0mg/mL的键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液。
S25,将上述化疗药物溶液加入上述键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液中(化疗药物溶液和键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液的体积比为1:4.5),混合均匀,常温下反应14h,得包覆物溶液。
S3,边搅拌边向上述零维钙钛矿量子点溶液中滴入上述包覆物溶液(钙钛矿量子点溶液和包覆物溶液体积比为4.5:1),料液的颜色逐渐由白色转变成绿色,待料液的颜色稳定后,超声处理后静置分液,采用直径为0.22μm的过滤器对有机相进行过滤,得含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液。
S4,向上述含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液中加入4倍体积的乙酸乙酯,离心,干燥,研磨,得光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物。
需要说明的是,S11和S12没有先后顺序,S21~S23之间没有先后顺序。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物CsPbBr3@MTX-PSAA-FA,包括全无机钙钛矿量子点CsPbBr3和包覆物MTX-PSAA-FA,包覆物包裹在全无机钙钛矿量子点的表面。全无机钙钛矿量子点、对聚亚磺酰氨基酰胺、叶酸和甲氨蝶呤的质量为7.5:5:1:1。
上述光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1,制备零维钙钛矿量子点溶液。
S11,将碳酸铯和亚油酸溶于1-十八稀中(碳酸铯、亚油酸和1-十八稀的摩尔体积比为0.5mmol:1mL:15mL),于120℃搅拌,混合均匀,得碳酸铯溶液。
S12,将PbBr2溶于1-十八稀中(PbBr2和1-十八稀的摩尔体积比为1.2mmol:0.7mL),再依次加入卵磷脂和油胺(1-十八稀、卵磷脂和油胺的体积比0.7:1:1.8),于120℃混合均匀,得卤化物溶液。
S13,将上述卤化物溶液加入到上述碳酸铯溶液中,混合均匀(卤化物溶液和碳酸铯溶液的体积比为1:6.3),于120℃反应,反应料液变成混浊的白色后,控制反应结束。采用冷水浴将反应料液降至室温,固液分离,得白色沉淀物零维钙钛矿量子点Cs4PbBr6。
S14,将上述零维钙钛矿量子点溶于己烷中,混合均匀,得浓度为2.0mg/mL的零维钙钛矿量子点溶液。
S2,制备包覆物溶液。
S21,将叶酸溶于G-丁内酯中(叶酸和G-丁内酯的质量体积比为0.9mg:1mL),再依次加入碳化二亚胺和NHS(叶酸、碳化二亚胺和NHS的质量比为1:14.3:8.6),混合均匀,得肿瘤靶向剂溶液。
S22,将对聚亚磺酰氨基酰胺溶于体积浓度为0.8%的乳酸水溶液中(对聚亚磺酰氨基酰胺和乳酸水溶液的质量体积比为1mg:1.2mL),混合均匀,得载体溶液。
S23,将甲氨蝶呤溶于G-丁内酯中(甲氨蝶呤和G-丁内酯的质量体积比为0.8mg:1mL),再依次加入碳化二亚胺和NHS(MTX、碳化二亚胺和NHS的质量比为1:14:8.4),混合均匀,得化疗药物溶液。
S24,将上述载体溶液加入上述肿瘤靶向剂溶液中(载体溶液和肿瘤靶向剂溶液体积比为5:1),混合均匀,常温下反应18h。采用氢氧化钠调节反应料液的pH=8.5,常温下继续反应18h,离心,得键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体。将上述键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶于水,混合均匀,得浓度为1.2mg/mL的键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液。
S25,将上述化疗药物溶液加入上述键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液中(化疗药物溶液和键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液的体积比为1:5.5),混合均匀,常温下反应18h,得包覆物溶液。
S3,边搅拌边向上述零维钙钛矿量子点溶液中滴入上述包覆物溶液(钙钛矿量子点溶液和包覆物溶液的体积比为5:1),料液的颜色逐渐由白色转变成绿色,待料液的颜色稳定后,超声处理后静置分液,采用直径为0.22μm的过滤器对有机相进行过滤,得含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液。
S4,向上述含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液中加入3倍体积的乙酸乙酯,离心,干燥,研磨,得光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物。
需要说明的是,S11和S12没有先后顺序,S21~S23之间没有先后顺序。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物CsPbBr2Cl@MTX-DOPC-FA,包括全无机钙钛矿量子点CsPbBr2Cl和包覆物MTX-DOPC-FA,包覆物包裹在全无机钙钛矿量子点的表面。全无机钙钛矿量子点、1,2-二油酰基卵磷脂、叶酸和甲氨蝶呤的质量比为8:4.8:1:1.1。
上述光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1,制备零维钙钛矿量子点溶液。
S11,将碳酸铯和油酸溶于1-十八稀中(碳酸铯、油酸和1-十八稀的摩尔体积比为0.5mmol:1mL:16mL),于150℃搅拌,混合均匀,得碳酸铯溶液。
S12,将PbBr2和PbCl2溶于1-十八稀中(PbBr2、PbCl2和1-十八稀的摩尔体积比为2mmol:1mmol:1.5mL),再依次加入油酸和油胺(1-十八稀、油酸和油胺的体积比为1:2:3),于150℃混合均匀,得卤化物溶液。
S13,将上述卤化物溶液加入到上述碳酸铯溶液中,混合均匀(卤化物溶液和碳酸铯溶液的体积比为1:5),于200℃反应,反应料液变成混浊的白色后,控制反应结束。采用冷水浴将反应料液降至室温,固液分离,得白色沉淀物零维钙钛矿量子点Cs4PbBr4Cl2。
S14,将上述零维钙钛矿量子点溶于环己烷中,混合均匀,得浓度为1.8mg/mL的零维钙钛矿量子点溶液。
S2,制备包覆物溶液。
S21,将叶酸溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中(叶酸和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的质量体积比为0.75mg:1mL),再依次加入EDC和NHS(叶酸、EDC和NHS质量比为1:16:10),混合均匀,得肿瘤靶向剂溶液。
S22,将1,2-二油酰基卵磷脂溶于体积浓度为1.0%的乙酸水溶液中(1,2-二油酰基卵磷脂和乙酸水溶液的质量体积比为1mg:1mL),混合均匀,得载体溶液。
S23,将甲氨蝶呤溶N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中(甲氨蝶呤和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的质量体积比为1mg:1mL),再依次加入EDC和NHS,混合均匀(甲氨蝶呤、EDC和NHS的质量比为1:16:10),得化疗药物溶液。
S24,将上述载体溶液加入上述肿瘤靶向剂溶液中(载体溶液和肿瘤靶向剂溶液的体积比为4.5:1),混合均匀,常温下反应。采用氢氧化钠调节反应料液的pH=9.5,常温下继续反应14h,离心,得键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体。将上述键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶于水,混合均匀,得浓度为1.3mg/mL的键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液。
S25,将上述化疗药物溶液加入上述键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液中(化疗药物溶液和键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液的体积比为1:5),混合均匀,常温下反应,得包覆物溶液。
S3,边搅拌边向上述零维钙钛矿量子点溶液中滴入上述包覆物溶液(钙钛矿量子点溶液和包覆物溶液的体积比为5.5:1),料液的颜色逐渐由白色转变成绿色,待料液的颜色稳定后,超声处理后静置分液,采用直径为0.22μm的过滤器对有机相进行过滤,得含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液。
S4,向上述含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液中加入6倍体积的乙酸乙酯,离心,干燥,研磨,得光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物。
需要说明的是,S11和S12没有先后顺序,S21~S23之间没有先后顺序。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物CsPbI3@MTX-CS-FA,包括全无机钙钛矿量子点CsPbI3和包覆物MTX-CS-FA,包覆物包裹在全无机钙钛矿量子点的表面。全无机钙钛矿量子点、壳聚糖、叶酸和甲氨蝶呤的质量比为10:6.25:1.37:1。
上述光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1,制备零维钙钛矿量子点溶液。
S11,将碳酸铯和油酸溶于环己烯中(碳酸铯、油酸和环己烯的摩尔体积比为0.5mmol:1mL:16mL),于130℃搅拌,混合均匀,得碳酸铯溶液。
S12,将PbI2溶于环己稀中(PbI2和环己稀的摩尔体积比为1.6mmol:1mL),再依次加入油酸和油胺,于130℃混合均匀(环己稀、油酸和油胺的体积比为1:2:3),得卤化物溶液。
S13,将上述卤化物溶液加入到上述碳酸铯溶液中,混合均匀(卤化物溶液和碳酸铯溶液的体积比为1:5.3),于80℃反应,反应料液变成混浊的白色后,控制反应结束。采用冷水浴将反应料液降至室温,固液分离,得白色沉淀物零维钙钛矿量子点Cs4PbI6。
S14,将上述零维钙钛矿量子点溶于环己烷中,混合均匀,得浓度为1.8mg/mL的零维钙钛矿量子点溶液。
S2,制备包覆物溶液。
S21,将叶酸溶于二甲基亚砜中(叶酸和二甲基亚砜的质量体积比为0.95mg:1mL),再依次加入EDC和NHS(叶酸、EDC和NHS的质量比为1:15:9),混合均匀,得肿瘤靶向剂溶液。
S22,将壳聚糖溶于体积浓度为1.0%的乙酸水溶液中,混合均匀(壳聚糖和乙酸水溶液的质量体积比为1mg:1mL),得载体溶液。
S23,将甲氨蝶呤溶于二甲基亚砜中(甲氨蝶呤和二甲基亚砜的质量体积比为1mg:1mL),再依次加入EDC和NHS(MTX、EDC和NHS质量比为1:15:9),混合均匀,得化疗药物溶液。
S24,将上述载体溶液加入上述肿瘤靶向剂溶液中,混合均匀(载体溶液和肿瘤靶向剂溶液的体积比为5.5:1),常温下反应16h。采用氢氧化钠调节反应料液的pH=10,常温下继续反应16h,离心,得键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体。将上述键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶于水,混合均匀,得浓度为1.1mg/mL的键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液。
S25,将上述化疗药物溶液加入上述键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液中(化疗药物溶液和键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液的体积比为1:5),混合均匀,常温下反应16h,得包覆物溶液。
S3,边搅拌边向上述零维钙钛矿量子点溶液中滴入上述包覆物溶液(钙钛矿量子点溶液和包覆物溶液的体积比为5:1),料液的颜色逐渐由白色转变成绿色,待料液的颜色稳定后,超声处理后静置分液,采用直径为0.22μm的过滤器对有机相进行过滤,得含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液。
S4,向上述含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液中加入5倍体积的乙酸乙酯,离心,干燥,研磨,得光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物。
需要说明的是,S11和S12没有先后顺序,S21~S23之间没有先后顺序。
对比例1
本对比例提供一种光电催化抗肿瘤药物CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@CS-FA,包括全无机钙钛矿量子点CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3和包覆物CS-FA,包覆物包裹在全无机钙钛矿量子点的表面。全无机钙钛矿量子点、壳聚糖和叶酸的质量比为8:5:1:1。
上述光电催化抗肿瘤药物的制备方法与实施例1相似,不同之处仅在于S2制备包覆物溶液中省略S23和S25。具体包括以下步骤:
S1,制备零维钙钛矿量子点溶液,同实施例1,不再赘述。
S2,制备包覆物溶液。
S21~S22,同实施例1的S21~S22,不再赘述。
S23,同实施例1的S24,不再赘述。
S3,边搅拌边向上述零维钙钛矿量子点溶液中滴入上述键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液(钙钛矿量子点溶液和肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液的体积比为5:1),料液的颜色逐渐由白色转变成绿色,待料液的颜色稳定后,超声处理后静置分液,采用直径为0.22μm的过滤器对有机相进行过滤,得含光电催化抗肿瘤药物的溶液。
S4,向上述含光电催化抗肿瘤药物的溶液中加入5倍体积的乙酸乙酯,离心,干燥,研磨,得光电催化抗肿瘤药物。
耐水性和发光稳定性
对实施例1~5及对比例1中的全无机钙钛矿量子点进行光致发光测试,结果如图3所示。由图3可以看出,全无机钙钛矿量子点具有可调节带隙,波长范围为510~696nm。
将实施例1~5光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物及对比例1光电催化抗肿瘤药物分散于去离子水中(浓度为4mg/mL),置于室温,分别于0d、7d、30d、100d、150d、200d及260d观察其光致发光光谱峰强度变化,结果显示,它们的荧光性能良好,260d依然未猝灭,具有良好的水稳定性和发光稳定性。
细胞试验
将细胞爬片放置于24孔板底面并接种LLC细胞(大约2×104/孔),培养箱中培养24h,倒掉培养液。向LLC细胞中分别加入500μL含生理盐水、MTX、CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@CS-FA或CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA的培养液(即为Control组、MTX组、CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@CS-FA组和CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA组,浓度均为200μg/ml)。继续培养6h后倒掉培养液。用PBS(磷酸盐缓冲液)冲洗细胞三遍,去除培养基中未吸收的药物。加入75nM Lyso-Tracker Red(溶酶体红色荧光探针),于37℃的细胞培养基中培养45min,之后用PBS洗涤三遍。用4%多聚甲醛固定细胞,30min后使用PBS洗三遍,随后取出细胞爬片,将细胞爬片(含细胞面朝下)固定在盛有封片剂(含DAPI)的载玻片上,避光、自然晾干。在共聚焦显微镜(FV1000,Olympus,Japan)下进行观察拍照。
对LLC细胞进行DHE共聚焦染色,对细胞内的GSH、ROS(包括O2. -、·OH和1O2)和四氢叶酸的含量进行测试,并计算LLC细胞的死亡率。检测结果如表1所示。从表1中可以看出,CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA通过空穴氧化了GSH,同时产生了大量的超氧阴离子,结合甲氨蝶呤对二氢叶酸还原酶的抑制作用,使细胞周期停滞在S期;在光催化的作用下,CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA组的四氢叶酸含量较Control组降低了81.8%。这表明本发明提供的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物通过上述三个通道的共同作用,增强了抗肿瘤的化疗效果,导致脂质过氧化,从而更好地杀死了肿瘤细胞,发挥了抗肿瘤作用。
表1四组不同注射药物的抗肿瘤性能测试结果
抗肿瘤动物试验
在每只小鼠的右前胸皮下注射1×106个LLC细胞,建立小鼠皮下肿瘤模型。当所有小鼠平均肿瘤增至50mm3,将小鼠随机分为四组,每组各40只小鼠,分别进行不同药物的注射:Control组,注射生理盐水(200μL);MTX组,注射含甲氨蝶呤的生理盐水(200μL,浓度为0.0608mg/mL);CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@CS-FA组,注射含对比例1的光电催化抗肿瘤药物的生理盐水(200μL,浓度为4mg/mL);CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA组,注射含实施例1的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的生理盐水(200μL,浓度为4mg/mL)。给药方式均为尾静脉注射。分组后第0、5、10天重复尾静脉注射,每次注射后均在日光灯下照射24h。
通过动物活体成像仪检测CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA在小鼠体内肿瘤的荧光强度,以表明CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA在小鼠体内的靶向性,第一次尾静脉注射后的测试结果如图4所示。由图4可知,CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA组小鼠,在0h的皮下肿瘤荧光强度为0,24h的皮下肿瘤荧光强度较0h增加了108%,且LLC中的荧光强度是小鼠成肌细胞荧光强度(24h的成肌细胞荧光强度较0h增加了37%)的2.9倍,这表明本发明提供的光电催化抗肿瘤药物具有靶向性。
每两天测量小鼠皮下瘤模型的肿瘤体积。每隔一天观察小鼠的一般情况、肿瘤体积及体重的变化情况。观察小鼠生存期时,肿瘤体积增至1000mm3,定义为小鼠死亡。第12天时每组随机处死5只小鼠,收集肿瘤、心、肝、脾、肺和肾组织,分别进行H&E染色及TUNEL染色,以检测杀死肿瘤细胞的效果。经12天抗肿瘤治疗后,四组不同注射药物的小鼠皮下肿瘤的测试结果如表2所示。从表2中可以看出,第12天时,Control组的小鼠肿瘤体积为1785.44mm3,CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA组的小鼠肿瘤体积为396.11mm3,Control组是CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA组肿瘤体积的4.51倍;Control组的小鼠肿瘤重量为2.314g,CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA组的小鼠肿瘤重量为0.516g,Control组是CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA组肿瘤重量的4.48倍;同时CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA组的小鼠可生存30天以上。这表明本发明提供的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物对小鼠皮下肿瘤的生长有明显的抑制作用,可以起到抗肿瘤的治疗效果。
表2四组不同注射药物一个月内的抗肿瘤测试结果
为了验证光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的急性毒性,测量各组的小鼠体重,测试结果如表3所示。从表3中可以看出,各组小鼠体重波动小,可忽略不计。
表3四组小鼠12天的体重变化情况(g)
为了验证光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物在小鼠体内的安全性和代谢分布,取CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA组小鼠分别在第1、2……7天时随机处死5只小鼠,收集肿瘤、心、肝、脾、肺和肾组织,对小鼠处死后的器官组织进行苏木精-伊红(H&E)染色、血常规和肝肾功检测。使用IVIS探索CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA在小鼠体内组织及粪便的荧光强度,以说明CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA在小鼠体内的代谢分布,测试结果如表4所示。从表4中可以看出,肿瘤组织72h时的荧光强度为26.6×106,肾脏96h时的荧光强度为28.9×106,肝脏72h时的荧光强度为413×106,粪便168h时的荧光强度为81.4×106。这进一步表明,本发明提供的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物可以靶向到肿瘤,并且通过肾脏及肝脏代谢,最终通过粪便排出小鼠体外。也就是说,本发明提供的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物在小鼠体内具有良好的安全性,可以以钙钛矿量子点结构排出小鼠体外。
表4CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA组小鼠器官的荧光强度测试结果
需要说明的是,凡是在本发明的保护范围内的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物,均可以达到与CsSn0.5Pb0.5Br3@MTX-CS-FA组基本相当的抗肿瘤效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换或改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物,其特征在于,包括全无机钙钛矿量子点和包覆物,所述包覆物包裹在所述全无机钙钛矿量子点的表面;
所述全无机钙钛矿量子点包括CsSn1-xPbxBr3-y-zClyIz,其中,x=0~1,y=0~1,z=0~3;
所述包覆物为键合了肿瘤靶向剂和化疗药物的载体,所述肿瘤靶向剂和所述化疗药物通过酰胺键结合在所述载体上。
2.如权利要求1所述的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物,其特征在于,所述载体为壳聚糖、聚乙二醇、对聚亚磺酰氨基酰胺或1,2-二油酰基卵磷脂中的至少一种;和/或
所述肿瘤靶向剂为叶酸;和/或
所述化疗药物为甲氨蝶呤。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物,其特征在于,所述全无机钙钛矿量子点、所述载体、所述肿瘤靶向剂和所述化疗药物的质量比为(7~9):(4~6):(0.8~1.2):(0.8~1.2)。
4.如权利要求1所述的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物,其特征在于,所述全无机钙钛矿量子点的粒径为5~200nm;和/或
所述光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物为球状,粒径为5~1000nm。
5.权利要求1~4任一项所述的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1,制备零维钙钛矿量子点溶液,零维钙钛矿量子点为Cs4Sn1-xPbxBr6-m-nClmIn,其中,x=0~1,m=0~6,n=0~6;
S2,制备包覆物溶液;
S3,将所述零维钙钛矿量子点溶液与所述包覆物溶液混合,得含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液;
S4,向所述含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液中加入萃取剂,得光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物。
6.如权利要求5所述的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1,制备零维钙钛矿量子点溶液:
S11,将碳酸铯和脂肪酸溶于第一溶剂中,混合均匀,得碳酸铯溶液;
S12,将卤化物和表面活性剂溶于第一溶剂中,混合均匀,得卤化物溶液;
所述卤化物为PbX2或SnX2中的至少一种;其中,X为Br、Cl或I中的至少一种;
S13,将所述碳酸铯溶液与所述卤化物溶液混合均匀,于80~200℃反应,固液分离,得零维钙钛矿量子点;
S14,将所述零维钙钛矿量子点分散于第二溶剂中,混合均匀,得零维钙钛矿量子点溶液;
S2,制备包覆物溶液:
S21,将肿瘤靶向剂和羧基活化剂溶于第三溶剂中,混合均匀,得肿瘤靶向剂溶液;
S22,将载体溶于有机酸溶液中,混合均匀,得载体溶液;
S23,将化疗药物和羧基活化剂溶于第三溶剂中,混合均匀,得化疗药物溶液;
S24,将所述肿瘤靶向剂溶液与所述载体溶液混合均匀,于15~30℃反应第一预设时间;调节反应料液的pH=8~10,继续反应第二预设时间,离心,得键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体;将所述键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶于水,混合均匀,得键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液;
S25,将所述键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液与所述化疗药物溶液混合均匀,于15~30℃反应第三预设时间,得包覆物溶液;
S3,将所述包覆物溶液滴入所述零维钙钛矿量子点溶液中,得含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液;
S4,向所述含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液中加入萃取剂,离心,得光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物。
7.如权利要求6所述的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的制备方法,其特征在于,S11中,所述脂肪酸为油酸、亚麻酸或亚油酸中的至少一种;和/或
S11和S12中,所述第一溶剂为1-十八稀或环己稀中的至少一种;和/或
S11中,所述碳酸铯、所述脂肪酸和所述第一溶剂的摩尔体积比为(0.4~0.6)mmol:(0.8~1.2)mL:(13~18)mL;和/或
S11中,混合的温度为120~150℃,混合的时间为1.5~2.5h;和/或
S12中,所述表面活性剂为油胺、油酸、脂肪酸甘油酯或卵磷脂中的至少一种;和/或
S12中,所述卤化物、所述表面活性剂和所述第一溶剂的摩尔体积比为(0.8~1.2)mmol:(2.2~2.8)mL:(0.3~0.7)mL;和/或
S12中,混合的温度为120~150℃,混合的时间为1.5~2.5h;和/或
S13中,所述反应的时间为25~38min;和/或
S14中,所述第二溶剂为环己烷、环丙烷或己烷中的至少一种;和/或
S14中,所述零维钙钛矿量子点溶液的浓度为1.5~2.0mg/mL;和/或
S4中,所述萃取剂为乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙醚或乙醇中的至少一种;和/或
S4中,所述含光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的溶液和所述萃取剂的体积比为1:(3~6)。
8.如权利要求6所述的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的制备方法,其特征在于,S21和S23中,所述羧基活化剂为1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺或碳化二亚胺中的至少一种;和/或
S21和S23中,所述第三溶剂为二甲基亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、G-丁内酯或N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中的至少一种;和/或
S21中,所述肿瘤靶向剂、所述羧基活化剂和所述第三溶剂的质量体积比为(4.4~6.6)mg:(100~120)mg:(4~7)mL;和/或
S22中,所述有机酸溶液为体积浓度为0.8%~1.2%的乙酸水溶液、甲酸水溶液或乳酸水溶液中的至少一种;和/或
S22中,所述载体和所述有机酸溶液的质量体积比为100mg:(80~120)mL;和/或
S23中,所述化疗药物、所述羧基活化剂和所述第三溶剂的质量体积比为(4.5~5.5)mg:(90~120)mg:(4~7)mL;和/或
S24中,所述第一预设时间为14~20h;和/或
S24中,所述第二预设时间为14~20h;和/或
S24中,所述键合肿瘤靶向剂的载体溶液的浓度为1.0~1.3mg/mL;和/或
S25中,所述第三预设时间为14~20h。
9.权利要求1~4任一项所述的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物或由权利要求5~8任一项所述的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的制备方法制得的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物在制备治疗实体瘤的药物中的应用。
10.权利要求1~4任一项所述的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物或由权利要求5~8任一项所述的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物的制备方法制得的光电催化增效抗肿瘤药物在非诊断目的地检测化疗药物的作用位置或检测肿瘤位置中的应用。
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