CN1179926C - Process for preparing lignin synergistic N fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a preparation method for a synergistic nitrogen fertilizer. The synergistic nitrogen fertilizer is prepared from lignin which is recycled from the waste liquid of paper making and is used as synergistic agents, a little number of adhesive auxiliary agents, ordinary nitrogen fertilizer, etc. by mixture and adhesive synthesis. The present invention has the advantages of simple technology process and low cost for processing; contrasted with common fertilizers, the synergistic nitrogen fertilizer has the advantages of weak water solubility and low volatility that the nitrogen fertilizer loss caused by being washed away by water and atmosphere volatilization and the destruction to biological environment can be reduced, long fertilizer effect for the use in fields, increased fertilizer use rate, saved fertilizer and increased yield, and the lignin has the advantages of no toxicity, no residue and wide source and converts into humus in soil for acting the function of soil improvement agents. The use of the present invention can obtain favorable economic and environmental benefits.

Description

The preparation method of lignin synergistic N fertilizer

The invention provides a kind of preparation method of synergistic N fertilizer.The main raw that it is characterized in that used synergistic agent is the xylogen that pulping back liquor reclaims.The present invention with the fertilizer modification, improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio and the utilization of pulp and paper effluent treatment regenerant, reduction fertilizer loss to the pollution of environment, improve the ecological environment and combine together.Subordinate new-type fertilizer of the present invention and ecotope improve the technical study field.

According to the World Food Programme's investigation, about 50% of world food volume increase is the result of application fertilizer.The quick growth of population and the aggravation of grain imbalance between supply and demand make that to pursue crop yield be that the agriculture production of purpose strengthens day by day to the dependency of chemical fertilizer.Nineteen ninety-five, the total consumption of chemical fertilizer of China reached about 3,600 ten thousand tons.Constantly growth is to the supply and demand needs of grain in order to satisfy population, and in considerable time from now on, chemical fertilizer application remains one of major measure that improves grain yield.

Over nearly 40 years, the world Fertilizer amount of application has increased nearly 20 times, and grain yield only increases about 4 times.Chemical fertilizer has enriched nearly 1 times in China 10 years before 1994, but the increase less than 10% of grain yield.Undoubtedly, utilization rate of fertilizer is not high is one of most important reason.Low about 15 percentage points of China chemical fertilizer utilization ratio more developed country, this not only brings enormous economic loss to country, has increased peasant's burden, has caused the huge waste of the energy and resource, simultaneously, the fertilizer that is lost in the environment also brings increasing environmental hazard to ecotope.Constituted another significant problem that influences China's agricultural and national sustained economic development, national living environment.Therefore, the decline of chemical fertilizer utilization ratio has become various countries, the world today, the significant problem of the solution that country presses for that particularly like this cultivated land resource shortage of China, population pressure are huge, be the important key technical problem of China's 21 centurys 1,600,000,000 population food safety assurance and the required solution of rural economy Sustainable development, significant.

Nitrogen manure is the vital principle of plant-growth.Statistical information shows, about 20,000,000 tons of the annual chemical nitrogen fertilizer amount of application of China.It is serious that traditional nitrogen chemical fertilizer applies the field loss, and utilization ratio is low.Studies show that the on average about 30-40% of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer that is to say, have an appointment 60% fertilizer nitrogen loss and can not obtain utilizing at whole crop growth period.Apply the nitrogen manure in field, under bad conditions such as weather, volatilization escapes into atmospheric environment; But break away from crop absorption layer with oozing under water, runoff enters that water body environment causes damage and environmental pollution.Therefore, research enhanced fertilizer production technology, the utilization ratio of raising chemical fertilizer, minimizing loss of effective components and the eco-environmental impact that therefore causes are very necessary.

The morning that China carries out the research of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, multinomial achievement in research and patent of invention had been obtained in recent years, as the research of nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitor, ammonia stablizer etc.; As long-acting fertilizer development such as granular urea, coating urea, urea derivative, superpolymer fertilizer, coated fertilizer, long-term efficiency bicarbonate ammonium.The part kind is applied successively, has obtained effect preferably.The method of production and the application practice of the domestic and international enhanced fertilizer of analysis-by-synthesis show; the attention of most technology concentrates on and improves fertilizer efficiency, increases utilization rate of fertilizer, and ignored to fertilizer continue to use to improve soil environment quality, improve the soil comprehensive fertility, alleviate soil pollution, the consideration and the required measure of protection agroecological environment aspect.Used material is paid attention to increasing fertilizer efficiency more, and it is used the back in accumulative total Soil structure and the behavior in environment thereof and comprehensive organism effect is not taken into account as yet.It is unfavorable to plant-growth to accumulate in soil as excess of sulfur, and certain class material such as quinhydrones have the excessive toxicity hazard that will cause plant, soil slightly when using.Some polymkeric substance are difficult to be degraded by soil organisms and to be accumulated in year by year in the soil, to soil, plant cause potential, as the harm of white pollution.This short term effect does not meet the requirement of agricultural sustainable development.Other technology are complicated owing to technology, the condition harshness, and material source lacks, and costs an arm and a leg, and the tooling cost height also makes to apply to be restricted.Therefore the enhanced fertilizer of research and development raising nitrogen manure utilization ratio, increase crop yield and useful Agriculture Ecological Environment Protection comprehensive benefit is necessary more.

China is a large agricultural country, and crop stalk is very abundant, and the ton surplus in the of about 500,000,000 of can regenerating naturally every year is a kind of resource with huge potential using value.Xylogen is the very abundant natural polymers that extensively is present in each kind of plant, accounts for 20% of plant straw gross weight.Current, one of a kind of effective means of plant straw utilization is a pulping and paper-making.Yet the xylogen majority in the plant straw is gone out so that invalid components is separated in pulping process, forms the black liquor of pulp making pollutent, and not only valuable resource is wasted, and causes serious water body environment pollution.Reclaim xylogen and be and handle one of valid approach of black liquor of pulp making.Xylogen is applied to prepare enhanced fertilizer, can promotes the pulping back liquor serious environmental to pollute, can open up new resource approach again, play an important role subduing the exhausted in the daytime future trouble that sustainable economic development are brought of ore deposit storage resource exploitation.Xylogen is the branched reticular polymer polymkeric substance of a kind of phenol type three-dimensional space band, has with the identical and better performance of soil ulmin.Xylogen has certain restraining effect to soil urease liveness.Active function groups in the lignin structure unit has stronger absorption, chelating, complex ability to the fertilizer active ion.With the xylogen be main raw to the chemical fertilizer modification, can improve the chemical fertilizer performance on the one hand, reduce the water-soluble of common fertilizer, reduce environment and run off, improve utilization rate of fertilizer; On the other hand, himself finally be transformed into soil ulmin and dissolve in soil, help the performance of improving the soil, increase fertility, improve the performance of soil fertilizer water conservation, can realize saving fertile volume increase, protection agroecological environment.This good performance is that other synthetic materialss all can not be compared.

The xylogen as fertilizer sources synergistic agent that the present invention utilizes black liquid to reclaim carries out modification to chemical fertilizer, and is composite with nitrogen chemical fertilizer, synthetic, makes slowly-releasing, synergic nitrogenous fertilizer material, reaches the effect that improves fertilizer efficiency, improves Soil structure.

The water-soluble reduction of chemical fertilizer after the modification; Introduce the reticulated structure of the lignin molecule in the fertilizer and the active group in its molecule, to the absorption effectively of fertilizer ion, chelating, complexing, must reduce fertilizer element with ooze under water, runoff and volatilization loss and be lost to the environmental pollution that causes in the environment; Realize fertile volume increase of joint and the comprehensive benefit of preserving the ecological environment, promoting with the crop stalk is the benign development of the pulping and papermaking industry of main raw material.

Fertilizer physical property test and field are used the result and are shown, the urea urease activity after the modification reduces than common urea, moves behind the active peak; The plain supply obviously of soil available nitrogen increases; Fertilising crop winter wheat, summer corn output improve 22.4% and 12.1% respectively.

The present invention's purpose realizes as follows:

1. with sulfurous acid acidifying black paper-making liquid of alkali pulping, precipitate and separate and drying and dehydrating extract xylogen;

In determine ratio respectively to the xylogen that uses and auxiliary material, adhesive aid and by weight of fertilizer than being that 20-25: 0-8: 0-2: 150-300 measures;

3. press each material with nitrogenous fertilizer, xylogen, subsidiary material, binding agent gradation mixing homogenize;

With the homogenize material in the mode of streams with transmitting or manually send into special reactor;

5. according to the cohesive strength and the moisture requirement of the characteristic of different fertilizer, reaction back enhanced fertilizer, the rotating speed by adjusting special reactor and (or) temperature, make reaction mass stop the necessary time therein, finish bonding, moulding is reacted;

6. finish reaction after metering packing after the overcooling.

The main quality index of synergistic N fertilizer:

Granularity (φ 0.6-2.5mm,＞) 80%

Nitrogen content (〉=) 25-42%

Moisture (≤) 1%

The outward appearance brown granular

Lignin synergistic N fertilizer prepares embodiment

Embodiment 1: handle black liquor of pulp making with the sulfurous acid acidization and reclaim xylogen, fetch 20 kilograms in the xylogen of receipts, 200 kilograms of common ureas with xylogen and nitrogenous fertilizer thorough mixing, take by weighing stopping composition and binding agent and are respectively 5 kilograms and 1.5 kilograms.With mixture thorough mixing, the homogenize of stopping composition and binding agent and xylogen and nitrogen, start special fertilizer-responsive device, heat up, adjust machine rotational speed, the material of homogenize is sent in the reactor equably.Attemperation, the control rotating speed, the preparation of finishing enhanced fertilizer 80 ± 30 ℃ of drop temperatures is synthetic.Cooling back metering packing.

Products obtained therefrom nitrogen content 〉=40%.

Embodiment 2-4 condition such as following table:

Component	Mass fraction
				Xylogen	22	25	25
Nitrogenous fertilizer	300	240	150
				Packing material	8	---	---
Binding agent	2	---	1
				Synthetic	50～120℃	60～100℃	45～75℃

Enhanced fertilizer is to crop yield and yield factors action effect:

(experimental field the basic seedling of unit surface is identical)

Action effect to summer corn output and yield factors

Action effect to winter wheat yields and yield factors

Present method Figure of description is seen process flow diagram.

Claims (7)

1. the preparation method of lignin synergistic N fertilizer, it is characterized in that with the xylogen that reclaims in the alkali paper-making black liquor of pulp making be the main component of synergistic agent, auxilliary with a small amount of packing material, adhesive aid, common chemical nitrogen fertilizer is carried out composite, modification processing, make the enhanced fertilizer that fertilizer efficiency is long, utilization rate of fertilizer is high, the invention is characterized in may further comprise the steps:

With sulfurous acid acidifying black paper-making liquid of alkali pulping, precipitate and separate and drying and dehydrating extract xylogen;

Respectively the xylogen that uses and packing material, adhesive aid, fertilizer are measured in proportion in the ratio of determining, corresponding weight ratio is 20-25: 0-8: 0-2: 150-300;

Press each material with nitrogenous fertilizer, xylogen, packing material, binding agent gradation mixing homogenize;

With transmission or manual type the homogenize material is sent into reactor in the mode of streams;

According to the cohesive strength and the moisture requirement of the characteristic of different fertilizer, reaction back enhanced fertilizer, the rotating speed by adjusting reactor and (or) temperature, make reaction mass reach particle dia 0.6-2.5mm part＞80%;

Finish material metering packing after overcooling of reaction.

2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that paper-making pulping black liquor is the waste liquid that comprises that alkaline process, sulphate process, alkali sulfite process paper-making pulping process produce.

3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that processing obtains the synergistic agent xylogen to paper-making pulping black liquor by the sulfurous acid acidization.

4. the method for claim 1, the content that it is characterized in that xylogen are 80 ± 10%, moisture 0-10%, consumption are 5-20%.

5. the method for claim 1, the form that it is characterized in that xylogen is a 20-200 purpose pressed powder.

6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that modification synthetic temperature of reaction is 45-120 ℃.

7. the method for claim 1, the common nitrogenous fertilizer that it is characterized in that indication is the nitrogenous chemical fertilizer of urea, bicarbonate of ammonia.

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