CN117988908B - Graded early warning anchor rod based on liquid metal and early warning method - Google Patents
Graded early warning anchor rod based on liquid metal and early warning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117988908B CN117988908B CN202410396393.6A CN202410396393A CN117988908B CN 117988908 B CN117988908 B CN 117988908B CN 202410396393 A CN202410396393 A CN 202410396393A CN 117988908 B CN117988908 B CN 117988908B
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- early warning
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- anchor rod
- rod body
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- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium tin Chemical compound [In].[Sn] RHZWSUVWRRXEJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000807 Ga alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000799 K alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 Polydimethylsiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006023 eutectic alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001084 galinstan Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009440 infrastructure construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002174 soft lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/02—Measuring force or stress, in general by hydraulic or pneumatic means
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/008—Anchoring or tensioning means
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/02—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection having means for indicating tension
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a grading early warning anchor rod based on liquid metal and an early warning method, and belongs to the field of fixed anchor rods, wherein the grading early warning anchor rod comprises a rod body, a fixing piece and an early warning device, one end of the rod body is anchored in a rock body, the other end of the rod body is sleeved with the early warning device and then connected with the fixing piece, and the fixing piece is used for fixing the early warning device on the rock body; the early warning device comprises a liquid bag with the inner diameter matched with the outer diameter of the rod body, a power supply, a circuit, an indicator light and a micro-channel, wherein the circuit comprises a main circuit and a branch circuit, the power supply is arranged on the main circuit, and the indicator light is arranged on the branch circuit; the liquid bag is made of elastic materials and stores liquid metal, an outlet of the liquid bag is communicated with the micro-flow channel, the liquid bag is extruded under the stress of the rod body, and the liquid metal fills the micro-flow channel and forms a conductive loop with the branch circuit to enable the indicator lamp to emit light. The grading early warning anchor rod has the advantages of simplicity, clarity and wide applicability, and has higher stability, safety and environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fixed anchor rods, in particular to a liquid metal-based hierarchical early warning anchor rod and an early warning method.
Background
With the acceleration of the urban process and the limited land resources, the underground space becomes an important space for urban development. The underground space can be used for projects and projects such as city infrastructure construction, resource development, environment protection and the like so as to improve the functions and service level of the city. Therefore, the effective utilization of the underground space opens up a new opportunity for urban development and promotes the sustainable development of the city. However, underground engineering is often required to cope with geological conditions where the quality of the surrounding rock is poor. In this context, the anchor rod plays an important role as a common support and fixation structure. The anchor rod can improve the stability and safety of the underground structure, and ensure the smooth construction. When large deformation and displacement occur in underground engineering, the conventional anchor rod only provides supporting function, but may be broken, so that the engineering rock-soil body is damaged. Therefore, in order to know the stress condition and the potential damage risk of the anchor rod in time, the early warning anchor rod needs to be developed so as to more effectively support underground engineering construction.
In the field of engineering materials, liquid metal is widely applied to a plurality of fields and shows good development prospect due to the advantages of good fluidity, conductivity, plasticity, corrosion resistance and the like. For example, CN109339842a discloses a liquid metal sensor and a large deformation anchor rod using the sensor to monitor and early warn, the liquid metal sensor comprises an artificial skin, a micro-flow channel is made in the artificial skin by adopting a soft lithography technology, the micro-flow channel is filled with liquid metal, the artificial skin is deformed according to the tension of the anchor rod, so that the resistance of the liquid metal in the micro-flow channel changes after the tension, and early warn is performed according to the measured resistance and the relation between the experimental resistance and the tension. The early warning of the anchor rod is reliable, but resistance measurement and calculation are needed, and the stress condition in the life cycle of the anchor rod cannot be directly reflected.
Based on the characteristics of liquid metal, it is still necessary to construct an anchor rod with simple structure and good early warning effect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the sensing and early warning of the anchor rod damage process. The anchor rod can provide supporting force, and fully utilizes the fluidity and conductivity characteristics of liquid metal to realize monitoring and early warning of the anchor rod, so that the safety and stability of underground engineering construction are ensured.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a liquid metal-based grading early warning anchor rod, which comprises a rod body, a fixing piece and an early warning device;
One end of the rod body is anchored in the rock mass, the other end of the rod body is sleeved with the early warning device and then connected with the fixing piece, and the fixing piece fixes the early warning device on the rock mass;
The early warning device comprises a liquid bag, a power supply, a circuit, an indicator light and a micro-channel, wherein the inner diameter of the liquid bag is matched with the outer diameter of the rod body, the circuit comprises a main circuit and a branch circuit, the power supply is arranged on the main circuit, and the indicator light is arranged on the branch circuit;
The liquid bag is made of elastic materials and stores liquid metal, an outlet of the liquid bag is communicated with the micro-flow channel, the liquid bag is extruded under the stress of the rod body, the liquid metal fills the micro-flow channel and then forms a conductive loop with the branch circuit to enable the indicator lamp to emit light, and the indicator lamp of more branch circuits emits light according to the increase of the stress.
Further, dividing the micro-channel into a plurality of areas according to the relation between the extruded volume of the liquid metal and the drawing resistance of the anchor rod;
when more areas of the micro-channels are filled with liquid metal, more branches are conducted, and more branch indication lamps emit light.
Further, the relation between the extruded liquid metal volume and the anchor rod anti-drawing force is determined by the relation between the pressure of the liquid metal liquid sac and the extruded liquid metal volume and the relation between the pressure of the liquid metal liquid sac and the anchor rod anti-drawing force.
Further, the early warning device also comprises an encapsulation shell, wherein the encapsulation shell is provided with an opening matched with the outer diameter of the rod body;
The liquid bag, the power supply, the circuit, the indicator light and the micro-flow channel are all arranged in the packaging shell;
the packaging shell is made of a material with rigidity, elasticity and toughness.
Further, an elastic component is further arranged on the upper portion of the liquid bag, and the liquid bag abuts against the inner wall of the packaging shell through the elastic component.
Further, a tray is arranged between the early warning device and the rock mass;
the cross-sectional area of the tray is larger than the cross-sectional area of the package housing.
Further, the main road is also provided with an indicator lamp, and when only the main road indicator lamp emits light, the rod body is stressed normally.
In order to better perform early warning prompt, further, the indication lamps of the main road and the indication lamps of the branches are different in display color. Preferably, the main road indicator lamp emits light with inconspicuous color, and can be selected as green light; the more striking the color of the light emitted by the branch indicator lamp is, the yellow light, the orange light and the red light can be selected in sequence.
The invention also provides an early warning method of the liquid metal-based hierarchical early warning anchor rod, which comprises the following steps,
Arranging a rod body in the rock mass, and installing an early warning device and a fixing piece;
and identifying the stress condition of the rod body according to the lighting condition of the indicator lamp on the branch of the early warning device.
The liquid metal used in the present invention is a non-toxic liquid metal such as gallium indium tin alloy (Galinstan). Gallium indium tin alloys are eutectic alloys of gallium, indium and tin, which melt at-19 c, and therefore the alloy is in a liquid state at room temperature. Gallium indium tin alloys have the characteristics of being non-toxic and low reactive and therefore have replaced toxic mercury or active sodium potassium alloys in many liquid metal applications. The liquid metal sac can be made of super-elastic material Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and the PDMS has the characteristics of excellent flexibility, heat resistance, chemical stability, transparency, biocompatibility, easy processing and the like, and has wide application in the field of microfluidics. The liquid metal liquid sac made of PDMS can be uniformly deformed, and the deformation can be recovered after the stress is removed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention utilizes the characteristics of good fluidity, no toxicity, stability, conductivity and the like of the liquid metal, and has better stability, safety and environmental protection compared with the ionic liquid serving as a conductive medium;
(2) The invention has wider applicability, can provide supporting force, and can sense the stress condition of the anchor rod in real time and provide early warning;
(3) The invention has simple and clear early warning, and can identify the stress condition of the rod body through the lighting condition of the indicating lamp of the branch.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the liquid metal based hierarchical early warning anchor of the present invention deployed in a rock mass;
FIG. 2 shows a front view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a top view of the early warning device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the internal structure of the early warning device;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the connection of the fluid bladder, power supply, circuit, indicator light, and microchannel of the early warning device;
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. A rod body; 2. a fixing member; 3. an early warning device; 31. a package housing; 32. an elastic member; 33. a fluid sac; 331. a power supply; 332. a first indicator light; 333. a second indicator light; 334. a third indicator light; 335. a fourth indicator light; 336. a microchannel; 3361. a first region; 3362. a second region; 3363. a third region; 337. a wire interface; 4. a tray; 5. a rock mass.
Detailed Description
The following description of specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings will provide a clear and complete description of the technical solutions of embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a hierarchical early warning anchor rod based on liquid metal includes a rod body 1, a fixing member 2, an early warning device 3 and a tray 4, wherein one end of the rod body 1 is anchored in a rock body 5, the other end of the rod body 1 is sequentially sleeved with the tray 4 and the early warning device 3 and then connected with the fixing member 2, the fixing member 2 fixes the tray 4 and the early warning device 3 on the rock body 5, wherein the cross section area of the tray 4 is larger than the cross section area of a packaging shell 31, and the axes of the rod body 1, the tray 4, the early warning device 3 and the fixing member 2 are the same.
Referring to fig. 3-5, the early warning device 3 includes a package housing 31 provided with an opening matching the outer diameter of the rod body 1, an elastic component 32 having an inner diameter matching the outer diameter of the rod body 1 and disposed in the package housing 31, a liquid bag 33, a power source 331, a circuit, an indicator light and a micro-channel 336, wherein the circuit includes a main channel and a branch channel, the upper portion of the liquid bag 33 abuts against the inner wall of the package housing 31 through the elastic component 32, the power source 331 is disposed on the main channel, the liquid bag 33 is disposed on one branch channel, the outlet of the liquid bag 33 is communicated with the micro-channel 336, the micro-channel 336 is communicated with the branch channel through a wire interface 337, the branch channel is divided into a first branch channel, a second branch channel and a third branch channel along with the extension of the distance of the micro-channel 336, and the main channel, the first branch channel, the second branch channel and the third branch channel are respectively provided with a first indicator light 332, a second indicator light 333, a third indicator light 334 and a fourth indicator light 335, and the liquid bag 33 are made of an elastic material and liquid gallium indium tin alloy is stored. The micro flow channel 336 is divided into a first area 3361, a second area 3362 and a third area 3363 according to the relation between the extruded volume of the liquid metal and the pulling resistance of the anchor rod, when more areas of the micro flow channel 336 are filled with the liquid metal, more branches are conducted, and more branch indication lamps emit light.
In the embodiment, the fixing piece 2 is a nut, and one end of the rod body 1 is provided with threads matched with the nut; the tray 4 is made of steel plate; the material of the liquid bag 33 is PDMS; the elastic member 32 is a spring; the micro flow channel 336 is made of fiber capillary; the packaging shell is made of spring steel. In order to better perform early warning, in this embodiment, the first indicator light 332 is a green light, and along with the extension of the distance of the micro flow channel 336, the second indicator light 333, the third indicator light 334 and the fourth indicator light 335 of the first branch, the second branch and the third branch, which are communicated by the micro flow channel 336, are respectively a yellow light, an orange light and a red light.
The working principle of the present embodiment is described in detail below:
From the pressure test, a relationship between the pressure to which the liquid metal sac 33 is subjected and the extruded volume of the liquid metal can be established; the relationship between the pressure exerted by the liquid metal sac 33 and the pullout resistance of the anchor can be established according to the anchor experiments. According to the relations, the relation between the extruded volume of the liquid metal and the drawing force of the anchor rod can be summarized, so that the stress state of the anchor rod can be judged according to the extruded volume of the liquid metal. Different anchoring drawing forces can enable liquid metal with different volumes to be extruded, so that liquid metal micro-channels 336 with different lengths are filled with the liquid metal, and a grading early warning anchor rod circuit can be connected by arranging wire connectors 337 at the liquid metal micro-channels 336 with different lengths.
The rod body 1 is graded into four pressure intervals according to the tensile strength of the anchor rod:
interval one: the stress of the anchor rod is less than or equal to 70 percent of the tensile strength of the anchor rod;
interval two: the stress of the anchor rod is more than 70% and less than 85% of the tensile strength of the anchor rod;
Interval three: the stress of the anchor rod is more than 85% and less than 95% of the tensile strength of the anchor rod;
interval four: the stress of the anchor rod is greater than 95% of the tensile strength of the anchor rod.
Meanwhile, the micro flow channel 336 is divided into a first region 3361, a second region 3362, and a third region 3363;
when the stress of the rod body 1 belongs to the first interval, the first branch is not conducted by the outflow of the liquid metal, and at the moment, only the green light of the main road emits light;
when the stress of the rod body 1 belongs to the second section, the liquid metal fills the first area 3361, the first branch is conducted, and at the moment, the green light and the yellow light emit light;
when the stress of the rod body 1 belongs to the third section, the liquid metal fills the first area 3361 and the second area 3362, and the first branch and the second branch are conducted, and at the moment, the green light, the yellow light and the orange light emit light;
When the stress of the rod body 1 is in the fourth interval, the liquid metal fills the first region 3361, the second region 3362 and the third region 3363, and the first branch, the second branch and the third branch are conducted, and at this time, the green light, the yellow light, the orange light and the red light emit light.
The progressive illumination of the green, yellow, orange and red indicator lights indicates a progressive increase in the stress on the rod body 1. When the red indicator lamp is on, the rod body 1 is about to be broken, and dangerous behaviors of the rock-soil body about to occur need to be treated in time.
Therefore, the stress of the anchor rod can be intuitively judged according to the number of the lighted branch indicator lamps or the color of the lighted indicator lamps, and the stress analysis of the anchor rod 1 is not limited in the embodiment, and other grading designs can be performed according to the actual use requirements, so that the early warning requirements of the anchor rod under different conditions are ensured.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The grading early warning anchor rod based on the liquid metal is characterized by comprising a rod body, a fixing piece and an early warning device;
One end of the rod body is anchored in the rock mass, the other end of the rod body is sleeved with the early warning device and then connected with the fixing piece, and the fixing piece fixes the early warning device on the rock mass;
The early warning device comprises a liquid bag, a power supply, a circuit, an indicator light and a micro-channel, wherein the inner diameter of the liquid bag is matched with the outer diameter of the rod body, the circuit comprises a main circuit and a branch circuit, the power supply is arranged on the main circuit, and the indicator light is arranged on the branch circuit;
The liquid bag is made of elastic materials and stores liquid metal, an outlet of the liquid bag is communicated with the micro-flow channel, the liquid bag is extruded under the stress of the rod body, so that the liquid metal fills the micro-flow channel and forms a conductive loop with the branch circuit to enable the indicator lamp to emit light, and the indicator lamp of more branch circuits emits light according to the increase of the stress;
the micro-flow channel is divided into a plurality of areas according to the relation between the extruded volume of the liquid metal and the drawing resistance of the anchor rod;
When more areas of the micro-channels are filled with liquid metal, more branches are conducted, and more branch indication lamps emit light;
The relation between the extruded volume of the liquid metal and the anti-drawing force of the anchor rod is determined by the relation between the pressure of the liquid metal liquid sac and the extruded volume of the liquid metal and the relation between the pressure of the liquid metal liquid sac and the anti-drawing force of the anchor rod.
2. The liquid metal-based hierarchical early warning bolt of claim 1, wherein the early warning device further comprises a packaging housing provided with an opening matching the outer diameter of the bolt body;
The liquid bag, the power supply, the circuit, the indicator light and the micro-flow channel are all arranged in the packaging shell;
the packaging shell is made of a material with rigidity, elasticity and toughness.
3. The liquid metal-based hierarchical early warning anchor rod according to claim 2, wherein an elastic component is further arranged on the upper portion of the liquid sac, and the liquid sac is abutted against the inner wall of the packaging shell through the elastic component.
4. The liquid metal-based hierarchical early warning bolt of claim 2, wherein a tray is further provided between the early warning device and the rock mass;
the cross-sectional area of the tray is larger than the cross-sectional area of the package housing.
5. The liquid metal-based hierarchical early warning anchor rod according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the main road is also provided with an indicator light, and the rod body is normally stressed when only the main road indicator light emits light.
6. The liquid metal based hierarchical warning bolt of claim 5, wherein the indicator lights of the main and branch circuits are different in color.
7. A method for pre-warning a liquid metal-based hierarchical pre-warning anchor rod as set forth in claim 1, comprising,
Arranging a rod body in the rock mass, and installing an early warning device and a fixing piece;
and identifying the stress condition of the rod body according to the lighting condition of the indicator lamp on the branch of the early warning device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410396393.6A CN117988908B (en) | 2024-04-03 | 2024-04-03 | Graded early warning anchor rod based on liquid metal and early warning method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202410396393.6A CN117988908B (en) | 2024-04-03 | 2024-04-03 | Graded early warning anchor rod based on liquid metal and early warning method |
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| CN117988908A CN117988908A (en) | 2024-05-07 |
| CN117988908B true CN117988908B (en) | 2024-06-11 |
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