CN105672192B - Dam body moment unstability is burst under extreme loading condition analogue means and operation method - Google Patents
Dam body moment unstability is burst under extreme loading condition analogue means and operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105672192B CN105672192B CN201610180201.3A CN201610180201A CN105672192B CN 105672192 B CN105672192 B CN 105672192B CN 201610180201 A CN201610180201 A CN 201610180201A CN 105672192 B CN105672192 B CN 105672192B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
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Abstract
The invention discloses analogue means and operation method that dam body moment unstability under a kind of extreme loading condition is burst, it is related to big dam breaking technical field, is a kind of experimental rig for causing dam body moment to be burst suitable for research dam abutment unstability and method.The analogue means that dam body moment unstability is burst under extreme loading condition of the invention includes leakproof unit, fixed platform, dam body, tank and unstability unit.Dam body is made up of several baffle plate blocks, and remains stable state under associated components collective effect in fixed platform, tank and leakproof unit and unstability unit.Dam abutment unstability is realized by resistance wire in the unstability unit fusing copper wire that generates heat, causes that dam stress is unbalance, baffle plate block caves in and destroys by rush of water after dam abutment unstability, so as to realize test effect that dam body moment bursts.The present invention bursts mechanism to study dam body moment caused by dam abutment unstability and moment water movement rule of bursting provides test theory and method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to big dam breaking technical field, dam body moment unstability is burst under more particularly to a kind of extreme loading condition
Analogue means and operation method.
Background technology
With the development of hydraulic engineering, the quantity of reservoir dam was more and more, according to issue in 2013《First time national water
Profit generaI investigation publication》It has been shown that, total 98002, the reservoir in the whole nation, the m of aggregate storage capacity 9323.12 hundred million3.Reservoir dam be Flood Control in Certain Area safety,
Irrigate, supplying water provides important leverage, and extremely important impetus is served to human social development, is China's flood control works
The important component of system.But over time, the reservoir inevitably phenomenon such as ageing and breakage.
Particularly in recent years, the natural environment event such as seismic events and extreme flood is dramatically increased, and the risk that dam bursts is continuous
Improve.Because the harm that big dam breaking is caused is extremely serious, people increasingly pay attention to the research to dam bursting mechanism.Dam break thing
Reason model test has the unrivaled superiority of other ways and meanses in terms of mechanism of collapsed dam research, and model-test data is
Great Hydraulic Engineering Design and the Main Basiss of construction.Understand mechanism of collapsed dam, the flood peak dynamic characteristics of dam-break water flow and flood wave
Evolution form, is conducive to carrying out the precautionary measures in dam break downstream, reduces the huge Loss of Life and property caused by dam break.
For research of bursting in the wink of dam, conventional dam-break experiments device is main from dam body top pull baffle plate, make current from
Lower section is flowed out, and the process of pull baffle plate objectively have impact on the dam-break mode of dam body, does not also reach the effect that moment bursts, can not
The artificial disturbance and error for avoiding eventually result in result of the test and larger error occur, influence the accuracy of experiment.Therefore, dam body
Moment unstability is burst, dam abutment unstability, dam body wink that particularly the irresistible extreme load such as violent earthquake or landslide causes
Between the analogue means that bursts and test method need further research.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide dam body moment unstability under a kind of extreme loading condition
The analogue means and operation method for bursting, overcome the shortcomings of that existing dam body moment unstability is burst experimental technique, reduce dam break model
Human error in experiment, is especially to provide the dam abutment that the irresistible extreme load such as a kind of violent earthquake or landslide causes
Analogue means and test method that unstability, dam body moment burst, prevented and reduced natural disasters to raising reservoir dam risk assessment level and drop
The potential hazard of low reservoir Dam on Downstream is significant.
Technical scheme：Dam body moment unstability is burst under the extreme loading condition that its technical problem of solution of the invention is used
Analogue means, including leakproof unit, fixed platform, dam body, tank and unstability unit.
The leakproof unit is made up of anti-runout and retention device.The anti-runout top dead center position is provided with circular hole, leakproof
Side upper end-face edge and the bottom land of case are connected as one, and ground is fixed in anti-runout lower end；The retention device is located at anti-runout top
In the circular hole at end, retention device bottom is provided with multiple apertures.
The fixed platform is by base, support bar, iron ring, steel pipe, iron hoop, iron wire, weight A, connector, steel wire rope, weight
Hammer B, spring and support tube are constituted.Base is fixed in the support bar lower end, and post upper is fixedly connected with steel pipe lower-left end；
The iron ring is fixed on support bar side, and iron ring is centrally located at the underface of steel pipe left end；, across tank, steel pipe is just for the steel pipe
The side of lower section is provided with several transverse joints, and the downside of steel pipe left end is fixed on post upper, and the downside of steel pipe right-hand member is consolidated
It is scheduled on support tube upper end；The connector is laid in steel duct through iron hoop；The overall diameter of the iron hoop is interior more than steel pipe
Diameter and be less than the overall diameter of steel pipe, iron hoop is nested in the transverse joint of steel pipe side；Described iron wire one end is connected with iron hoop, another
Hold and be connected with weight A through after some aperture of retention device bottom；The weight B is suspended from immediately below iron ring, and weight B passes through steel
Cord is connected with the connector of high order end；The spring is laid in support tube vertically, and the external diameter of spring is equal to the interior of support tube
Footpath, spring upper end is connected by steel wire rope with the connector of low order end, and lower spring end is fixed on support tube lower end；The steel wire rope
Two ends are provided with bead, the diameter with diameter greater than steel wire rope of bead；The support tube side is provided with the hole of semi-cylindrical, support tube
Base is fixed in lower end；The base is concrete structure and is fixed on ground.
The dam body is made up of several baffle plates.Baffle plate is spliced by some baffle plate blocks again, between adjacent baffle plate block
And sealed with sealing material between baffle plate block and the tank, the back side side of baffle plate relies on and is total to by iron hoop and weight A
On iron wire with index.
The tank is divided into upstream tank and downstream tank, and tank is made up of the cell wall of bottom land and both sides.Upstream tank and
Downstream tank is all connected with leakproof unit and dam body, and the bottom land of upstream tank and the bottom land junction of downstream tank are provided with and install stagnant
Stay the circular hole of device.
The unstability unit is made up of power switch, adiabatic box, resistance wire and copper wire.The unstability unit is arranged on support
In the hole of tube side face semi-cylindrical, the outer layer of unstability unit is adiabatic box；The resistance wire is arranged vertically inside adiabatic box, electricity
Source switch is arranged on adiabatic box outside and is connected by electric wire with resistance wire；The copper wire is from top to bottom through adiabatic box, copper wire
Upper end be fixed on the top of support tube, the spring upper end that lower end is connected to.
In the present invention, the connector is made up of female joint, steel wire rope and male joint.The steel wire rope two ends are provided with small
Ball, the diameter with diameter greater than steel wire rope of bead is connected, two between the female joint and male joint of same connector with steel wire rope
It is connected with male joint by female joint between individual adjacent connector.Described female joint one end is laminated structure, the other end to justify
Tubular structure, laminated structure is that, with foraminate semicircle, the side of round tube shape structure is provided with arcuate socket and circular hole, arcuate socket and circle
The inwall of Kong Douyu round tube shape structures is communicated, and arcuate socket is along the axially arranged of pipe and positioned at the end of round tube shape structure, circle
Hole position intersects in the top of arcuate socket and with arcuate socket, and the aperture of circular hole is equal to the diameter of steel wire rope two ends bead and more than pipe
The internal diameter of shape structure, the aperture of arcuate socket is equal to the diameter of steel wire rope；Described male joint one end is recessed hemisphere, the other end
It is round tube shape structure, recessed hemisphere centre of surface position is provided with hook formation, the round tube shape structure of male joint and female joint
Round tube shape structure it is identical, side is also provided with arcuate socket and circular hole.The female joint and male joint of the same connector
Between with steel wire rope connect, connected mode is the round tube shape structure side circular hole that steel wire rope two ends bead is respectively embedded into female joint
With the round tube shape structure side circular hole of male joint, while steel wire rope is filled in into circular tube shaped by the arcuate socket of round tube shape structure side
Inside configuration；It is connected with male joint by female joint between described two adjacent connectors, connected mode is by male joint
Hook formation is hooked in the laminated structure aperture of female joint.
In the present invention, the side immediately below the steel pipe is provided with several transverse joints, and the length of transverse joint is equal to the iron hoop
Overall diameter, the width of transverse joint is equal to the overall diameter of the iron hoop and the difference of interior diameter, and transverse joint is perpendicular to pipe diameter parallel arrangement.
In the present invention, the instability condition of the unstability unit is to make resistance wire heating fusing copper by the switch that switches on power
Silk and realize.
In the present invention, the spring is arranged in the support tube, and the external diameter of spring is identical with support bore, spring
Lubricating oil is scribbled between support tube；The spring is in maximum tension under the collective effect of copper wire, steel wire rope and support tube
State, after copper wire is fused by resistance wire, spring stress is unbalance, and moment contraction drives weight B rapidly to rise, and weight B is hindered by iron ring
Stop suddenly rising after gear, under strong elastic wave percussion, the male joint of some or certain several connectors in steel pipe
There is stretcher strain or fracture in hook formation, cause dam body unstability.
In the present invention, the weight A drew iron wire so that all baffle plates jointly before dam body unstability with the iron hoop
Remains stationary state, as connector and steel wire rope fall to tank both sides after dam body unstability, weight A moments will be all of
Iron wire is dragged to anti-runout, iron hoop and is dragged to retention device, unbalance in baffle plate self gravitation and upstream acting by external hydrostatic pressure lower baffle plate,
Dam body moment is caved in, and baffle plate block is washed away.
Preferably, the steel pipe is vertical across tank.
Preferably, the side immediately below the steel pipe is provided with several transverse joints, each transverse joint perpendicular to pipe axis, no
Equal with the distance between transverse joint, the length of transverse joint is equal to the overall diameter of iron hoop, the width of transverse joint be equal to the overall diameter of iron hoop with
The difference of interior diameter.
Preferably, interior diameter of the overall diameter of the iron hoop more than steel pipe, it is to avoid iron hoop swings with connector
And the transverse joint where leaving enters steel duct, the process that weight A towings iron hoop comes off after influence dam abutment unstability.
Preferably, post upper is welded on immediately below the steel pipe left side, the underface of steel pipe right side port
It is welded on sidewall upper of the support bar near tank direction.
Preferably, the dam body is made up of several baffle plates, each baffle plate is spliced by several baffle plate blocks again, gear
Plate selects finished sheet stone or special earth and stone material plate, and sealing is used between baffle plate block and between baffle plate block and tank
Material is sealed.
Preferably, the retention device bottom is thicker, the aperture of bottom is arranged side by side, and hole shape is the terrace with edge for standing upside down,
The probability that iron hoop is dragged to auto arrangement after retention device is substantially increased, the probability that iron hoop mutually winds is reduced.
Preferably, the shape of the adiabatic box is designed as hollow semicolumn, size and the support tube side of adiabatic box
The size in semi-cylindrical hole is identical so that unstability unit is collectively forming a complete support column with support tube.
Preferably, being designed with arcuate socket on the round tube shape structure of the female joint and male joint, arcuate socket has to be prevented
The advantage that steel wire rope comes off from female joint and male joint spring.
Preferably, described male joint one end is recessed hemisphere, recessed hemisphere centre of surface position is provided with hook
Shape structure；Described female joint one end is laminated structure, and laminated structure is with foraminate semicircle.The hook formation of male joint is hooked
After the laminated structure aperture of female joint, shape cylindrical-shaped structure between male joint and female joint, it is to avoid connector is at steel pipe end
Mouth may be by the defect of card.
The technical scheme that the present invention is provided also includes the mould burst based on dam body moment unstability under above-mentioned extreme loading condition
Intend the operation method of device, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1. initial, dam body keeps stable state under fixed platform, anti-runout, tank and copper wire collective effect, fixed flat
Iron hoop, iron wire and weight A in platform constitute the skeleton of dam body, wherein, by the rope traction in steel pipe, iron wire is by iron for iron hoop
Traction is stretched jointly for ring and weight A, and every section of steel wire rope in steel pipe belongs to a part for connector, between adjacent connector
Connection in the laminated structure aperture of female joint is hooked by the hook formation of male joint, the connector of high order end passes through steel in steel pipe
Cord is connected with weight B, and the connector of low order end is connected by steel wire rope with the upper end of spring in steel pipe, and the lower end of spring is fixed
In support tube lower end, from top to bottom through adiabatic box, the upper end of copper wire is fixed on the top of support tube, lower end and is connected to copper wire
Spring upper end, spring is in maximum tension state under the collective effect of copper wire, steel wire rope and support tube；
When 2. testing, connection circuit is turned on the power switch, resistance wire gradually generates heat, the copper wire in adiabatic box is in resistance wire
Burnt gradually under high temperature action；
3. after copper wire fusing, pulling force moment suffered by spring reduces, and is stretched to spring most long drastically retracted downward, is receiving
Weight B is driven rapidly to rise in compression process, weight B stops suddenly rising after being subject to iron ring to stop, in strong elastic wave impact
Under effect, there is stretcher strain or fracture in the male joint hook formation of some or certain several connectors in steel pipe；
4. as male joint hook formation occurs stretcher strain or fracture, connector in steel pipe is in weight B and spring
Come off from steel pipe two ends under common pulling force effect, meanwhile, iron hoop also comes off from connector and loses the fixation of steel wire rope, iron hoop
Retention device and anti-runout are dragged to by weight A respectively with iron wire；
5. baffle plate lose iron wire support after, the disequilibrium under self gravitation and upstream acting by external hydrostatic pressure, sealing material
Material is torn, and dam body moment caves in, and baffle plate block is washed away；
6. finally turn off the power switch, cut off the circuit of resistance wire.
According to above-mentioned corresponding steps, you can realize the simulated test that dam body moment bursts, by reclaiming baffle plate block, changing public
Joint and copper wire, device is re-assemblied, dam body moment unstability can be carried out and burst repetition experiment, so as to deeply disclose moment dam break
The hydraulic characteristic(s) of current.
Beneficial effect：Dam body moment unstability is burst under a kind of extreme loading condition of the invention analogue means and operation side
Method, has the advantages that：
(1) analogue means that dam body moment unstability is burst under extreme loading condition of the invention improves oneself for the process of bursting
Hair property and randomness, overcome interference and error that manual operation causes；
(2) unstability unit unique design of the invention causes that analogue means is more suitable for studying the dam body that causes of dam abutment unstability and bursts
Certainly problem；
(3) spring of the invention drastically shrinks rapidly to rise to be obstructed with weight B and causes the hook formation of connector male joint
Bear great momentum, it is ensured that hook formation can occur drastically stretcher strain or fracture in moment, be to cave in dam body moment
Burst there is provided guarantee；
(4) dam body of the invention is made up of some baffle plate blocks, and dam break process is that dam body washes away with a loud crash, overcomes monoblock baffle plate
There is the limitation of hydraulic jump phenomenon during pulling upwardly on so that dam bursting flood motion more meets the motion rule of nature dam-break water flow
Rule, test effect is more accurate；
(5) weight A of the invention moments after dam body unstability all of iron wire is dragged to anti-runout, iron hoop and is dragged to
Retention device, it is to avoid iron hoop and iron wire winding baffle plate block after dam body unstability and influence the motion of dam-break water flow, design ingenious.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the analogue means structural representation that dam body moment unstability is burst under extreme loading condition；
Fig. 2 is the leakproof cellular construction schematic diagram in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the fixed platform structural representation in Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is connecting-piece structure schematic diagram and connected mode schematic diagram in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is the unstability cell schematics in Fig. 1；
Fig. 6 is iron hoop and its connection member schematic diagram in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3.
In figure：1- leakproof units, the anti-runouts of 11-, 12- retention devices, 2- fixed platforms, 20- bases, 21- support bars, 211-
Iron ring, 22- steel pipes, 23- iron hoops, 24- iron wires, 25- weights A, 26- connector, 261- female joints, 262- male joints, 263- steel
Cord, 27- weights B, 28- spring, 29- support tubes, 3- dam bodys, 31- baffle plates, 4- tanks, 41- bottom lands, 42- cell walls, on 431-
Swimming groove, 432- downstreams tank, 5- unstability units, 51- power switches, 52- thermal insulation boxes, 53- resistance wires, 54- copper wires.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment：
As shown in figs 1 to 6, the analogue means that dam body moment unstability is burst under extreme loading condition of the invention, including it is anti-
Leakage unit 1, fixed platform 2, dam body 3, tank 4 and unstability unit 5.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, leakproof unit 1 is made up of anti-runout 11 and retention device 12.The top dead center position of anti-runout 11
Circular hole is provided with, side upper end-face edge and the bottom land 41 of anti-runout 11 are connected as one, and ground is fixed in the lower end of anti-runout 11；It is detained
Device 12 is located in the circular hole on the top of anti-runout 11, and the bottom of retention device 12 is provided with multiple apertures.
As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 6, fixed platform 2 is by base 20, support bar 21, iron ring 211, steel pipe 22, iron hoop
23rd, iron wire 24, weight A25, connector 26, steel wire rope 263, weight B27, spring 28 and support tube 29 are constituted.Under support bar 21
Base 20 is fixed at end, and the upper end of support bar 21 is fixedly connected with the lower-left end of steel pipe 22；Iron ring 211 is fixed on the side of support bar 21,
Iron ring 211 is centrally located at the underface of the left end of steel pipe 22；Side of the steel pipe 22 immediately below tank 4, steel pipe 22 is provided with 6 and hangs down
Directly in the transverse joint of the axis of steel pipe 22, the downside of the left end of steel pipe 22 is fixed on the upper end of support bar 21, the downside of the right-hand member of steel pipe 22
The upper end of support tube 29 is fixed on, iron hoop 23 is nested in the transverse joint of the side of steel pipe 22；Connector 26 is laid in steel through iron hoop 23
Inside pipe 22, connected with steel wire rope 263 between the female joint 261 and male joint 262 of same connector, connected mode is by steel
The two ends bead of cord 263 is respectively embedded into the round tube shape structure side circular hole of female joint 261 and the round tube shape structure side of male joint 262
Face circular hole, while steel wire rope 263 is filled in inside round tube shape structure by the arcuate socket of round tube shape structure side；Two adjacent
It is connected with male joint 262 by female joint 261 between connector 26, connected mode is to hook the hook formation of male joint 262
In the laminated structure aperture of female joint 261.The one end of iron wire 24 is connected with iron hoop 23, the other end is a certain through the bottom of retention device 12
It is connected with weight A25 after individual aperture；Weight B27 is suspended from immediately below iron ring 211, and weight B27 is by steel wire rope 263 and high order end
Connector 26 is connected；Spring 28 is laid in support tube 29 vertically, the connection that the upper end of spring 28 passes through steel wire rope 263 and low order end
Part 26 is connected, and the lower end of support tube 29 is fixed in the lower end of spring 28, and lubricating oil is scribbled between spring 28 and support tube 29, and spring 28 exists
Maximum tension state is under the collective effect of copper wire 54, steel wire rope 263 and support tube 29；The side of support tube 29 is provided with semicolumn
The hole of shape；Base 20 is fixed in the lower end of support tube 29, and base 20 is concrete structure and is fixed on ground.
As shown in figure 1, dam body 3 is made up of six baffle plates 31, baffle plate 31 is spliced by 42 baffle plate blocks again.It is adjacent
Baffle plate block between and baffle plate block and tank 4 between with sealing material seal, the back side side of baffle plate 31 is relied on by iron
Jointly on the iron wire 24 of index, traction iron wire 24 makes weight A25 jointly with iron hoop 23 before dam body unstability for ring 23 and weight A25
Obtain the remains stationary state of all baffle plates 31.
As shown in figure 1,4 points of tank is upstream tank 431 and downstream tank 432, tank 4 is by bottom land 41 and the cell wall of both sides
42 are constituted.Upstream tank 431 and downstream tank 432 are all connected with leakproof unit 1 and dam body 3, the He of bottom land 41 of upstream tank 431
The junction of bottom land 41 of downstream tank 432 is provided with the circular hole for installing retention device 12.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 5, unstability unit 5 is made up of power switch 51, adiabatic box 52, resistance wire 53 and copper wire 54.Lose
Steady unit 5 is arranged in the hole of the side semi-cylindrical of support tube 29, and the outer layer of unstability unit 5 is adiabatic box 52；Resistance wire 53 is erected
Directly it is arranged in inside adiabatic box 52；Power switch 51 is arranged on the adiabatic outside of box 52 and is connected by electric wire with resistance wire 53；Copper
From top to bottom through adiabatic box 52, the upper end of copper wire 54 is fixed on the top of support tube 29 to silk 54, the spring 28 that lower end is connected to
Upper end.
In the present embodiment, after copper wire 54 is fused by resistance wire 53, the stress of spring 28 is unbalance, and moment shrinks drive weight B27
Rapidly rise, weight B27 stops suddenly rising after being subject to iron ring 211 to stop, under moment very big Impulse, in steel pipe 22 certain
One or the hook formation of male joint 262 generation stretcher strain or the fracture of certain several connector 26, cause dam body unstability.In dam body
As connector 26 and steel wire rope 263 fall to the both sides of tank 4 after unstability, weight A25 moments pull all of iron wire 24
Retention device 12 is dragged to anti-runout 11, iron hoop 23, is lost in the self gravitation of baffle plate 31 and upstream acting by external hydrostatic pressure lower baffle plate 31
Weighing apparatus, the moment of dam body 3 is caved in, and baffle plate block is washed away.
The operation method of the analogue means that dam body moment unstability is burst includes following under the extreme loading condition of the present embodiment
Step：
1. initial, dam body 3 keeps stable state under fixed platform 2, anti-runout 11, tank 4 and the collective effect of copper wire 54,
Iron hoop 23, iron wire 24 and weight A25 in fixed platform 2 constitute the skeleton of dam body, and spring 28 is in copper wire 54, steel wire rope 263
With under the collective effect of support tube 29 be in maximum tension state；
When 2. testing, 51 connection circuits are turned on the power switch, resistance wire 53 gradually generates heat, the copper wire 54 in adiabatic box 52 exists
Burnt gradually under the high temperature action of resistance wire 53；
3. after copper wire 54 fuses, pulling force moment suffered by spring 28 reduces, and is stretched to spring 28 most long and drastically receives downwards
Contracting, drives weight B27 rapidly to rise in contraction process, and weight B27 stops suddenly rising after being subject to iron ring 211 to stop, strong
Under strong elastic wave percussion, the hook formation of male joint 262 of some or certain several connectors 26 draws in steel pipe 22
Stretch deformation or be broken；
4. as the hook formation of male joint 262 occurs stretcher strain or fracture, the connector 26 in steel pipe 22 is in weight B27
Come off from the two ends of steel pipe 22 with the common pulling force effect of spring 28, meanwhile, iron hoop 23 also comes off from connector 26 and loses steel wire
The fixation of rope 263, iron hoop 23 and iron wire 24 are dragged to retention device 12 and anti-runout 11 respectively by weight A25；
5. baffle plate 31 lose iron wire 24 support after, the disequilibrium under self gravitation and upstream acting by external hydrostatic pressure, only
Water material is torn, and the moment of dam body 3 caves in, and baffle plate block is washed away；
6. 51 are finally turned off the power switch, the circuit of resistance wire 53 is cut off.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that：For the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the analogue means that dam body moment unstability is burst under a kind of extreme loading condition, it is characterised in that：Including leakproof unit
(1), fixed platform (2), dam body (3), tank (4) and unstability unit (5),
The leakproof unit (1) is made up of anti-runout (11) and retention device (12), and anti-runout (11) top dead center position is provided with circle
Hole, side upper end-face edge and the bottom land (41) of anti-runout (11) are connected as one, and ground is fixed in anti-runout (11) lower end, described
In the circular hole on anti-runout (11) top, retention device (12) bottom is provided with multiple apertures to retention device (12)；
The fixed platform (2) is by base (20), support bar (21), iron ring (211), steel pipe (22), iron hoop (23), iron wire
(24), weight A (25), connector (26), steel wire rope (263), weight B (27), spring (28) and support tube (29) are constituted, described
Base (20) is fixed in support bar (21) lower end, and support bar (21) upper end is fixedly connected with steel pipe (22) lower-left end, the iron ring
(211) support bar (21) side is fixed on, iron ring (211) is centrally located at the underface of steel pipe (22) left end, the steel pipe (22)
Across tank (4), the side immediately below steel pipe (22) is provided with several transverse joints, and the connector (26) is laid through iron hoop (23)
Internal in steel pipe (22), the overall diameter of the iron hoop (23) is less than the outer straight of steel pipe (22) more than the interior diameter of steel pipe (22)
Footpath, iron hoop (23) is nested in the transverse joint of steel pipe (22) side, and described iron wire (24) one end is connected with iron hoop (23), the other end is worn
It is connected with weight A (25) after crossing some aperture of retention device (12) bottom, under the weight B (27) is suspended from iron ring (211) just
Side, weight B (27) is connected by steel wire rope (263) with the connector (26) of high order end, and the spring (28) is laid in branch vertically
In stay tube (29), the external diameter of spring (28) is equal to the internal diameter of support tube (29), and spring (28) upper end is by steel wire rope (263) and most
The connector (26) of right-hand member is connected, and support tube (29) lower end is fixed in spring (28) lower end, and steel wire rope (263) two ends are provided with
Bead, the diameter with diameter greater than steel wire rope (263) of bead, support tube (29) side is provided with the hole of semi-cylindrical, support
Base (20) is fixed in pipe (29) lower end, and the base (20) is for concrete structure and is fixed on ground；
The dam body (3) is made up of several baffle plates (31), baffle plate (31) and is spliced by some baffle plate blocks, adjacent baffle plate
Sealed with sealing material between block and between baffle plate block and the tank (4), the back side side of baffle plate (31) rely on by
Iron hoop (23) and weight A (25) are jointly on the iron wire (24) of index；
The tank (4) is divided into upstream tank (431) and downstream tank (432), and the tank (4) is by bottom land (41) and both sides
Cell wall (42) is constituted, and upstream tank (431) and downstream tank (432) are all connected with leakproof unit (1) and dam body (3), upper water
The bottom land (41) of groove (431) and bottom land (41) junction of downstream tank (432) are provided with the circular hole for installing retention device (12)；
The unstability unit (5) is made up of power switch (51), adiabatic box (52), resistance wire (53) and copper wire (54), unstability list
First (5) are arranged in the hole of support tube (29) side semi-cylindrical, and the outer layer of unstability unit (5) is adiabatic box (52), resistance wire
(53) it is arranged vertically at adiabatic box (52) internal, power switch (51) is outside and logical with resistance wire (53) installed in adiabatic box (52)
Electric wire connection is crossed, from top to bottom through adiabatic box (52), the upper end of copper wire (54) is fixed on the top of support tube (29) to copper wire (54)
End, lower end are connected to spring (28) upper end.
2. the analogue means that dam body moment unstability is burst under extreme loading condition according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The connector (26) is made up of female joint (261), steel wire rope (263) and male joint (262), and steel wire rope (263) two ends are provided with
Bead, the diameter with diameter greater than steel wire rope (263) of bead, the female joint (261) and male joint (262) of same connector it
Between with steel wire rope (263) connect, be connected with male joint (262) by female joint (261) between two adjacent connectors (26).
3. the analogue means that dam body moment unstability is burst under extreme loading condition according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
Described female joint (261) one end is laminated structure, the other end is round tube shape structure, and laminated structure is with foraminate semicircle, circle
The side of tubular structure is provided with arcuate socket and circular hole, and arcuate socket and circular hole are all communicated with the inwall of round tube shape structure, arcuate socket edge
The axially arranged of pipe and positioned at the end of round tube shape structure, circular hole is located at the top of arcuate socket and intersects with arcuate socket；Institute
State male joint (262) one end be recessed hemisphere, the other end be round tube shape structure, recessed hemisphere centre of surface position sets
There is hook formation, the round tube shape structure of male joint (262) is identical with the round tube shape structure of female joint (261), and side is also opened
There are arcuate socket and circular hole.
4. the analogue means that dam body moment unstability is burst under extreme loading condition according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：
Between the female joint (261) and male joint (262) of the same connector with steel wire rope (263) connect, connected mode be by
Steel wire rope (263) two ends bead is respectively embedded into the round tube shape structure side circular hole of female joint (261) and the pipe of male joint (262)
Shape texture edge circular hole, while steel wire rope (263) is filled in inside round tube shape structure by the arcuate socket of round tube shape structure side；
It is connected with male joint (262) by female joint (261) between described two adjacent connectors (26), connected mode is by public access
The hook formation of head (262) is hooked in the laminated structure aperture of female joint (261).
5. the analogue means that dam body moment unstability is burst under extreme loading condition according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Side immediately below the steel pipe (22) is provided with several transverse joints, and the length of transverse joint is equal to the overall diameter of the iron hoop (23), horizontal
The width of seam is equal to the overall diameter of the iron hoop (23) and the difference of interior diameter, and transverse joint is arranged perpendicular to pipe diameter parallel.
6. the analogue means that dam body moment unstability is burst under extreme loading condition according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The instability condition of the unstability unit (5) be by the switch (51) that switches on power make resistance wire (53) generate heat fusing copper wire (54) and
Realize.
7. the analogue means that dam body moment unstability is burst under extreme loading condition according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：
The spring (28) is arranged in the support tube (29), and the external diameter of spring (28) is identical with support tube (29) internal diameter, spring
(28) lubricating oil is scribbled and support tube (29) between；The spring (28) is in copper wire (54), steel wire rope (263) and support tube (29)
Collective effect under be in maximum tension state, copper wire (54) by resistance wire (53) fuse after, spring (28) stress unbalance moment
Shrink and drive weight B (27) rapidly to rise, weight B (27) stops suddenly rising after being stopped by iron ring (211), in strong bullet
Property wave impact effect under, male joint (262) hook formation of some or certain several connectors (26) draws in steel pipe (22)
Stretch deformation or be broken, cause dam body unstability.
8. the analogue means that dam body moment unstability is burst under extreme loading condition according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The weight A (25) was drawn iron wire (24) such that all baffle plates (31) keep jointly before dam body unstability with the iron hoop (23)
Inactive state, all of iron wire (24) is dragged to anti-runout (11), iron hoop (23) by weight A (25) moments after dam body unstability
Retention device (12) is dragged to, dam body (3) wink unbalance in baffle plate (31) self gravitation and upstream acting by external hydrostatic pressure lower baffle plate (31)
Between cave in, baffle plate block is washed away.
9. under extreme loading condition according to claim 3 the analogue means that dam body moment unstability is burst operation method,
It is characterized in that comprising the following steps：
1. initial, dam body (3) keeps steady under fixed platform (2), anti-runout (11), tank (4) and copper wire (54) collective effect
Determine state, the iron hoop (23), iron wire (24) and weight A (25) in fixed platform (2) constitute the skeleton of dam body, wherein, iron hoop
(23) drawn by the steel wire rope (263) in steel pipe (22), by iron hoop (23) and weight A (25), traction is stretched iron wire (24) jointly,
Spring (28) is in maximum tension state under the collective effect of copper wire (54), steel wire rope (263) and support tube (29)；
When 2. testing, turn on the power switch (51) and connect circuit, resistance wire (53) gradually generates heat, the copper wire in adiabatic box (52)
(54) burnt gradually under the high temperature action of resistance wire (53)；
3. after copper wire (54) fusing, pulling force moment suffered by spring (28) reduces, and is stretched to spring (28) most long drastically downward
Shrink, drive weight B (27) rapidly to rise in contraction process, weight B (27) by iron ring (211) after being stopped in unexpected stopping
Rise, under strong elastic wave percussion, male joint (262) hook of some or certain several connectors (26) in steel pipe (22)
There is stretcher strain or fracture in shape structure；
4. as male joint (262) hook formation occurs stretcher strain or fracture, the connector (26) in steel pipe (22) is in weight B
(27) and under the common pulling force effect of spring (28) come off from steel pipe (22) two ends, meanwhile, iron hoop (23) is also from connector (26)
Come off and lose the fixation of steel wire rope (263), iron hoop (23) and iron wire (24) are dragged to retention device respectively by weight A (25)
And anti-runout (11) (12)；
5. baffle plate (31) lose iron wire (24) support after, the disequilibrium under self gravitation and upstream acting by external hydrostatic pressure, only
Water material is torn, and dam body (3) moment is caved in, and baffle plate block is washed away；
6. finally turn off the power switch (51), the circuit of cut-out resistance wire (53)；
According to above-mentioned corresponding steps, you can realize the simulated test that dam body (3) moment bursts, by reclaiming baffle plate block, changing public
Joint (262) and copper wire (54), device is re-assemblied, dam body (3) moment unstability can be carried out and burst repetition experiment, so that deeply
Disclose the hydraulic characteristic(s) of moment dam-break water flow.
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| CN105804001A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-07-27 | 王嘉兴 | Loading method for arch dam model |
| CN107907299B (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-07-19 | 安徽理工大学 | Device and its operation method suitable for transient reliability test |
| CN110411708B (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2024-03-08 | 安徽理工大学 | Wave generating device suitable for wave simulation test and operation method thereof |
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