CN117986376A - Ii-Key杂合体及其在制备肿瘤疫苗中的应用 - Google Patents
Ii-Key杂合体及其在制备肿瘤疫苗中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种Ii‑Key杂合体,所述Ii‑Key杂合体包括:1)Ii蛋白的LRMK残基;2)HER‑2/neu的MHC II类表位;3)可选的中间化学结构。所述的中间化学结构共价连接HER‑2/neu的MHC II类表位的N末端和Ii蛋白的LRMK残基的C末端元件。本发明的Ii‑Key杂合体在刺激免疫应答方面的效力增加,取得更好的预防和治疗效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及一种Ii-Key杂合体及其在制备肿瘤疫苗中的应用。
背景技术
慢性人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)是一种无包膜环状DNA病毒,可引起人类的上皮细胞的增值性病变。根据病毒核苷酸序列的变异将人乳头瘤病毒分为100多个型别,不同型别的病毒引起不同的病变。HPV6、HPV11型等为低危型,可引起泌尿生殖道良性病变。HPV16、HPV18、HPV31、HPV33、HPV45、HPV58等为高危型,感染导致多种疾病,如宫颈癌、肛门癌等。宫颈癌是女性发病率和死亡率较高的恶性肿瘤,对女性的健康具有极大的危害。我国女性宫颈癌患者的数量呈逐年上升的趋势,发病率居中国女性恶性肿瘤的第二位。
HER-2/neu由原癌基因erbB-2/neu表达,是人类表皮生长因子受体家族的成员,是具有内源性蛋白酪氨酸激酶(protein tyrosine kinase,PTK)活性的膜受体,包括信号肽、胞外区、跨膜区、胞内区四个部分,编码一种相对分子质量为185000的跨膜蛋白。目前发现的表皮生长因子受体族包括四个分型:HER1(EGFR);HER2;HER3(ErbB-3);HER4(ErbB-4),HER1、HER2、HER4拥有相似的分子结构和结构域,它们不同的配体通过级联传导影响肿瘤的生物学特性,包括细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移和分化。HER-2/neu基因位于17q21染色体上,作为癌基因表达在细胞膜上。HER-2/neu过度表达时,可引起组织血管生成速度快,进而导致肿瘤的生长迅速,恶性程度高。该蛋白在人类多种癌中高表达,如:乳腺癌、肺癌、肾癌、卵巢癌、宫颈癌等。HER-2的过度表达在宫颈癌细胞表面的发生率和已明确的预后价值,意味着该受体代表一个新的重要的治疗靶点。通过限制过度表达的HER-2的异常功能来改善HER-2阳性宫颈癌病人的病程已成为一种新的治疗策略。HER-2/neu阳性已被作为癌症预后不良的指标之一。
MHCⅡ类分子是由总体结构相似的α链和β链非共价结合的异二聚体,α链略重于β链,只存在于巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、B淋巴细胞等抗原呈递细胞表面以及胸腺上。MHCⅡ类分子的重链和轻链首先在内质网中组装成三聚体,其抗原肽结合区结合约15个氨基酸多肽后蛋白酶水解其γ链,MHCⅡ类分子与抗原肽结合形成稳定的复合物后转运到细胞表面,最后呈递给CD4+T细胞,引发细胞免疫。
恒定链(Invariant china,Ii)分子的结构由三个部分组成,从N段到C段依次为胞浆区(cytoplasmic domain)、跨膜区(transmembrane domain)以及内质网腔区(lumenaldomain)。Ii是Ⅱ型跨膜蛋白,在内质网中其N端位于细胞质内,而C端在内质网腔中;位于细胞表面时,其N端在细胞质中,C端在细胞膜外。Ii是MHCⅡ类分子的重要伴侣蛋白分子,在MHCⅡ类分子的三聚体形成,九聚体组装和参与机体呈递外源性抗原肽,将外源性抗原转运细胞膜表面的过程中发挥着重要作用。在抗原递呈细胞内主要参与主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)Ⅱ类分子与抗原肽复合物的装配,其关键活性基团(Ii-Key)在此过程中发挥重要作用。
发明内容
本发明的术语和声明:
1、如本文所用,冠词“一个”“一种”和“所述”:除非以其它方式明确地限定到一个(种)对象,否则包括复数的对象。
2、如本文所用,术语“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“具有”、“可以”、“含有”及其变化形式的意义是不排除另外组成或结构的可能性的开放式连接词语或术语。
3、如本文所用,术语“佐剂”指添加至本文所描述的疫苗中的以增强抗原的免疫原性的任何分子、元素、物质。
4、如本文所述,术语“抗原”指由接种目标的免疫系统识别且诱导免疫反应的物质。
5、如本文所述,术语“抗体”指机体由于抗原的刺激而产生的具有保护作用的蛋白质。
6、如本文所述,术语“疫苗”指在药学上可接受的载体中(例如佐剂)包含抗原或免疫原性物质的组合物。
7、如本文所用,术语“蛋白质”:是指至少两个共价连接的氨基酸,其包括蛋白质、多肽、寡肽和肽。该术语还包括蛋白质的表达后修饰,如糖基化、乙酰化、磷酸化等。该术语还包括指对天然蛋白质或多肽的氨基酸序列的修饰如缺失、替换、插入后所得的变体。
8、如本文所用,术语“氨基酸”:包含天然氨基酸、合成氨基酸、以及以类似于天然氨基酸的方式起作用的氨基酸类似物和氨基酸模拟物。天然氨基酸是由遗传密码编码的氨基酸。氨基酸类似物是指具有与天然存在的氨基酸相同的基本化学结构。氨基酸在本文中可以由其通常已知的三字母符号或由IUPAC-IUB生物化学命名法委员会(BiochemicalNomenclature Commission)所推荐的单字母符号来提及。
9、如本文所用,术语“位或位置”:是指蛋白质序列中的位置。在大多数情况下,除非另有说明,位置编号(其在下文中更充分地讨论)是相对于成熟蛋白质或酶(例如,排除信号肽)的第一个氨基酸的。
10、如本文所用,术语修饰:是指多肽序列中的氨基酸取代、插入、和/或缺失或对与蛋白质化学连接的部分的改变。
11、如本文所用,术语载体:是指可以在宿主细胞中自主复制的载体,其优选为多拷贝载体。此外,载体通常具有用于选择转化体的抗生素抗性基因等标志物。此外,载体可以具有用于表达引入的基因的启动子和/或终止子。载体可以是例如病毒载体,源自细菌质粒的载体,源自酵母质粒的载体,源自噬菌体的载体,粘粒,噬菌粒等。基因工程载体是指使得目的基因能够在细胞中表达的载体,并通常为包括编码蛋白质或多肽的多核苷酸并且可操作地连接至表达控制序列的直链或环状DNA分子。
12、如本文所用,术语“过表达”是指基因上调表达,即该基因被过度的转录、翻译,终基因表达产物超过正常水平。
13、如本文所用,术语“残基”是指在蛋白质的序列中,氨基酸之间的氨基和羧基脱水成键,而剩下的没有脱水成键的基团就叫残基。
本发明技术方案包括:
一方面,本发明提供了一种Ii-Key杂合体。
所述Ii-Key杂合体包括:
(1)Ii蛋白的LRMK残基;
(2)HER-2/neu的MHC II类表位;
(3)可选的中间化学结构;
所述Ii蛋白的LRMK残基的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示;
所述HER-2/neu的MHC II类表位的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示;
所述的中间化学结构共价连接HER-2/neu的MHC II类表位的N末端和Ii蛋白LRMK残基的C末端元件。
可选择的,所述的Ii-Key杂合体包括:
(1)Ii蛋白的LRMK残基;
(2)编码相同杂合体的DNA;
(3)可选的中间化学结构;
可选择的,中间化学结构可以包括一个或多个表位/决定簇,限定范围内的总长度在很大程度上由表位/决定簇的同一性和决定簇决定。
优选地,所述的中间化学结构选自MHCⅡ类表位或其一部分和/或抗体识别的决定簇或其一部分。
优选地,所述中间化学结构包括5-氨基戊酸(AVA)。在一些实施例中,中间化学结构可以由AVA、Ala-Ala和Gly-Gly;或;AVA、Ala-Ala-Ala和Gly-Gly;或;前述物质的其他生物可接受的功能等价物组成。
优选地,所述的中间化学结构是共价连接的原子基团,当原子基团线性排列时,会延伸到相同排列方式的20个氨基酸的长度。
优选地,所述的中间化学结构可以包括交替单元,所述交替单元的序列包括由S、O或N中断的亲油性序列、疏水性序列和脂肪族序列。
优选地,所述的中间化学结构可以包括短链脂肪,所述的短链脂肪包括异丙烯、聚丙烯、异丁烯、丁烯。
优选地,所述的Ii蛋白LRMK残基的C末端元件包括以与MHCⅡ类和/或Ⅰ类分子的抗原肽结合位点结合的多肽或模拟肽结构的形式呈现的MHCⅡ类和/或Ⅰ类呈现的表位。
优选地,所述Ii蛋白的LRMK残基与HER-2/neu的MHC II类表位的N末端连接。
进一步优选地,所述连接的形式包括聚亚甲基桥、Ii蛋白LRMK残基从C段延伸的天然序列、或MHC II类表位从N端延伸的序列。
优选地,所述Ii蛋白的LRMK残基(SEQ ID NO:1)与HER-2/neu的MHCⅡ类表位(SEQID NO:2)之间的长度为2-20个氨基酸残基的长度。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种核酸,所述核酸编码上述的Ii-Key杂合体。
优选地,所述核酸为未经修饰的或经过化学修饰的RNA;
进一步优选地,所述经过化学修饰的RNA上的化学修饰包括核糖环修饰,磷酸二酯键骨架修饰和碱基修饰。
又一方面,本发明提供了一种疫苗。
所述的疫苗结构性和/或组成性地包含上述的Ii-Key杂合体和/或上述的核酸。
优选地,所述Ii-Key杂合体和/或核酸通过疫苗接种来刺激CD 4+T细胞激活并支持对HER-2/neu蛋白特异的CTL反应。
优选地,所述疫苗中还可以包括佐剂。
进一步优选地,所述佐剂包括但不限于二甲基双十八烷基溴化铵(DDA)、前列腺素E2、α干扰素、短小棒状杆菌、水包油乳液、油包水乳液、生物可降解的纳米颗粒、单磷酰脂A(MPL)、氢氧化铝、磷酸铝、磷酸铝钾、非离子嵌段聚合物或共聚物、弗氏不完全或完全佐剂、脂蛋白、IL-12、粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、ISA-720、ISA-51、脂质体、树突状细胞。
再进一步优选地,所述佐剂选自DDA、MPL、氢氧化铝、磷酸铝、磷酸铝钾、脂蛋白、IL-12、GM-CSF中的至少一种。
更进一步优选地,所述佐剂选自GM-CSF、脂蛋白、IL-12中的至少一种。
最优选地,所述佐剂为GM-CSF。
所述疫苗中还可以包括冷冻干燥稳定剂。
优选地,所述冷冻干燥稳定剂包括但不限于碳水化合物,如甘露醇、淀粉、蔗糖,蛋白质及其衍生物。
又一方面,本发明提供了上述的Ii-Key杂合体和/或上述的核酸在制备预防和/或治疗HER-2/neu过表达癌症的疫苗中的应用。
优选地,所述HER-2/neu过表达癌症包括但不限于乳腺癌、肺癌、肾癌和卵巢癌、宫颈癌。
进一步优选地,所述HER-2/neu过表达癌症为宫颈癌。
又一方面,本发明提供了一种药物组合物。
所述药物组合物中包括上述的Ii-Key杂合体和/或上述的核酸。
所述的药物剂型包括但不限于片剂、丸剂、注射剂、胶囊、锭剂、糖锭剂、颗粒、粉剂、糖浆剂、乳剂、混悬液、乳膏、软膏、喷雾剂、栓剂。
所述的药物组合物中还包括医学上可接受的载体。
优选地,所述医学上可接受的载体包括但不限于崩解剂、填充剂、助流剂、润滑剂、甜味剂、稳定剂。
进一步优选地,所述崩解剂包括但不限于交联聚维酮、低取代羟丙纤维素、预胶化淀粉、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羧丙基淀粉。
进一步优选地,所述填充剂包括但不限于乳糖、甘露醇、预胶化淀粉、玉米淀粉、丙烯酸树脂、乙基纤维素、氧化镁、碳酸镁、蔗糖、碳酸钙、微晶纤维素、羧丙甲纤维素。
进一步优选地,所述助流剂选自二氧化硅、微粉硅胶中的至少一种。
进一步优选地,所述润滑剂包括但不限于硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸富马酸钠、滑石粉、硬脂酸钙、聚乙二醇。
进一步优选地,所述甜味剂包括但不限于三氯蔗糖、阿斯巴甜、纽甜、甜菊素、羟糖氯、糖精钠、果糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、木糖醇、山梨醇、饴糖、红糖、黑糖、甜菊醇糖苷。
进一步优选地,所述稳定剂包括但不限于苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、马来酸、乳酸、山梨酸、乙酸、丙酸、琥珀酸、水杨酸、草酸、苯磺酸、盐酸半胱氨酸、L-天冬氨酸、谷氨酸。
优选地,所述药物组合物的给药方式可以以固体剂型或液体剂型口服给药,所述固体剂型例如胶囊、片剂、锭剂、糖锭剂、颗粒和粉剂,所述液体剂型例如酏剂、糖浆剂、乳剂、分散体和混悬液。药物组合物还可以以无菌液体剂型例如分散体、混悬液或溶液胃肠外给药。可以用于将药物组合物进行给药的其它剂型还有用于局部给药的软膏、乳膏、滴剂、经皮贴剂或粉剂;用于眼睛给药的眼用溶液或混悬液形式,即滴眼液;用于吸入或鼻内给药的喷雾剂或粉末组合物,或用于直肠或阴道给药的乳膏、软膏、喷雾剂或栓剂。片剂和胶囊都可以被制备成缓释产品以在数小时内提供药物的持续释放。压制片剂可以包糖衣或包膜衣以掩盖任何令人不愉快的味道和保护该片剂不受空气影响,或者可以包肠溶衣用于在胃肠道内选择性崩解。用于口服给药的液体剂型可包含着色剂和矫味剂以增加患者的接受性。一般而言,水、合适的油、盐水、右旋糖(葡萄糖)水溶液、以及相关的糖溶液和二醇类如丙二醇或聚乙二醇是合适的胃肠外溶液的载体。用于胃肠外给药的溶液优选包含活性成分的水溶性盐、合适的稳定剂和根据需要使用的缓冲物质。抗氧化剂例如单独或组合的亚硫酸氢钠、亚硫酸钠或抗坏血酸是合适的稳定剂。还可以使用柠檬酸及其盐和EDTA钠。此外,胃肠外溶液还可以包含防腐剂,例如苯扎氯铵、尼泊金甲酯或尼泊金丙酯和氯丁醇。对于吸入给药而言,本发明的药物组合物可以方便地从加压包装或喷雾器中以喷雾剂形式递送。该药物组合物还可以以进行配制的粉末形式递送,该粉末组合物可以在吹入粉末吸入器装置的帮助下吸入。
再一方面,本发明提供了一种预防和/或治疗宫颈癌的疫苗,其特征在于,所述疫苗中包括上述的Ii-Key杂合体和/或上述的核酸。
本发明的有益效果包括:
(1)本发明的Ii-Key杂合体在刺激免疫应答方面的效力增加,取得更好的预防和治疗效果。
(2)将Ii-Key部分与HER-2/neu的MHC II类表位连接以产生Ii-Key杂合体,本发明将HER-2/neu的抗原表位引入II类MHC结合槽,抗原可以直接被呈递给免疫系统,刺激T淋巴细胞反应。
附图说明
图1为实施例2中Ii-Key杂合体干预后宫颈癌细胞膜的受损情况,其中,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001。
具体实施方式
实施例1IFN-γELISPOT测定
1、Ii-Key杂合体对小鼠的免疫
取6-8周的C57小鼠,随机分为4组,每组8只,即对照组、Ii-Key杂合体低剂量组(1μg,记为IH1)、Ii-Key杂合体中剂量组(10μg,记为IH10)、Ii-Key杂合体高剂量组(20μg,记为IH20)、IH-NC空载组:其含有与非HER-2/neu序列(SEQ ID NO.3)融合的杂交肽。在初次免疫的前一天在小鼠背部皮下接种100μl肿瘤细胞悬液,1×107/只。小鼠在皮下移植瘤攻击1天后开始免疫,每隔7天免疫1次,于d1、d8、和d15共免疫3次。免疫的方法是采用给小鼠股四头肌肌肉进行注射,实验组和对照组分别注射相应的病毒颗粒109PFU/100μl/只,PBS空白组注射PBS溶液100μl/只。
2、免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞悬液的制备
末次免疫后10天,断颈处死小鼠,置于75%乙醇中浸泡3min,置于超净台上。无菌条件下取脾,将脾组织剪碎后过200目筛,将筛网预先放入5ml的淋巴细胞分离液的35mm培养皿中。把含有脾细胞的分离液移入15ml离心管中,覆盖1000μl RPMI1640培养基。800g离心30min。离心后取中层漂浮白膜物,加入10ml RPMI1640培养基。1000rpm离心10min,细胞重悬于新RPMI1640培养基中,计数。
3、ELIspot检测
(1)细胞培养
①活化预包被板:加入200μl/孔RPMI1640培养基,室温静置10min后倾倒液体。
②加入细胞悬液:将调整好浓度的细胞悬液(细胞浓度为1×105cells/孔)加入各孔,每组设置3个重复孔。
③加入刺激物:每孔加入10μlIH-NC,实验孔每孔加入10μl Ii-Key杂合体。
④补充培养基体积:所有样品孔加入100μlRPMI1640。
⑤孵育:加完所有样品后置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱16h。
(2)检测
①裂解细胞:倾倒孔内溶液,加入预冷的ddH2O,200μl/孔,4℃放置10min。
②洗板:倾倒孔内液体,加入1×Washing buffer,200μl/孔,洗涤5次,后在吸水纸上拍干。
③检测抗体的孵育:将预稀释的酶标亲和素加入各孔,100μl/孔,37℃孵育1h。
④洗板:倾倒孔内液体,加入1×Washing buffer,200μl/孔,洗涤5次,后在吸水纸上拍干。
⑤酶联亲和素的孵育:将预稀释的酶标亲和素加入各孔,100μl/孔,37℃孵育1h。
⑥洗板:倾倒孔内液体,加入1×Washing buffer,200μl/孔,洗涤5次,后在吸水纸上拍干。
⑦显色:将显色液加入各孔,100μl/孔,在37℃培养箱中静置25min。
⑧终止显色:倾倒孔内液体,揭开底座板,用去ddH2O洗涤孔板5次,将板晾干。
⑨ELIspot板斑点计数:记录斑点的各种参数,使用ImmunospotS5 Micro计数斑点,并使用Immunospot 4.0分析软件对结果进行分析。
实验结果如下表1:
表1各组小鼠脾淋巴细胞IFN-γ的ELIspot斑点数目检测
实验分组 | 斑点数 | P值 |
PBS组 | 6.54±2.515 | - |
IH-NC空载组 | 6.54±3.214 | >0.05 |
IH1杂合体 | 124±10.154* | <0.05 |
IH10杂合体 | 153±12.256* | <0.05 |
IH20杂合体 | 155±23.041* | <0.05 |
实验结果显示,IH1杂合体、IH10杂合体和IH20杂合体免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞检测到特异性T细胞免疫,IH1杂合体作为刺激物时,IFN-γ分泌细胞形成的斑点数为124±10.154个/1×105个脾淋巴细胞;IH10杂合体作为刺激物时,IFN-γ分泌细胞形成的斑点数为153±12.256个/1×105个脾淋巴细胞;IH20杂合体作为刺激物时,IFN-γ分泌细胞形成的斑点数为155±23.041个/1×105个脾淋巴细胞。IH-NC空载组和PBS组免疫小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞被检测出的特异性斑点数目分别为6.54±3.214个/1×105个脾淋巴细胞和6.54±2.515个/1×105个脾淋巴细胞,相较杂合体的低、中、高组明显减少,统计学上具有显著的差异性(p<0.05)。
实施例2乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)实验检测Ii-Key杂合体干预后宫颈癌细胞膜的受损情况
实验步骤:
(1)取状态良好的宫颈癌Hela和CaSki细胞进行消化,重悬细胞后进行计数,按5000个/孔的量将细胞均匀的铺到96孔板中,置于培养箱中过夜孵育。
(2)将100μl不同浓度的Ii-Key杂合体按照不同浓度加入96孔板中,放入培养箱继续培养48h。
(3)向各孔中依次加入10μl Working Solution,室温下避光孵育20min;
(4)在每孔中加入50μl Stop Solution(避光加入),后用酶标仪测定490nm的吸光度。
(5)根据OD值计算不同浓度干预后对宫颈癌细胞产生的损伤率,进行统计学分析。
为了研究Ii-Key杂合体对细胞膜的影响,我们通过LDH实验检测细胞膜的受损情况,观察当细胞膜受损时,胞内的乳酸脱氢酶释放到细胞膜外的情况。我们的实验结果如图1所示:Ii-Key杂合体的低、中、高剂量组的LDH的释放量增加,且和对照组相比均具有显著性,表明细胞死亡率增加。
Claims (12)
1.一种Ii-Key杂合体,其特征在于,所述Ii-Key杂合体包括:
(1)Ii蛋白的LRMK残基;
(2)HER-2/neu的MHC II类表位;
(3)可选的中间化学结构;
所述Ii蛋白的LRMK残基的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示;
所述HER-2/neu的MHC II类表位的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示;
所述的中间化学结构共价连接HER-2/neu的MHC II类表位的N末端和Ii蛋白的LRMK残基的C末端元件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的Ii-Key杂合体,其特征在于,所述Ii蛋白的LRMK残基与HER-2/neu的MHC II类表位的N末端连接。
3.一种核酸,其特征在于,所述核酸编码权利要求1-2任一项所述的Ii-Key杂合体。
4.一种疫苗,其特征在于,所述的疫苗结构性和/或组成性地包含权利要求1-2任一项所述的Ii-Key杂合体和/或权利要求3所述的核酸。
5.根据权利要求4所述的疫苗,其特征在于,所述疫苗还包括佐剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的疫苗,其特征在于,所述佐剂选自DDA、MPL、氢氧化铝、磷酸铝、磷酸铝钾、脂蛋白、IL-12、GM-CSF中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的疫苗,其特征在于,所述佐剂为GM-CSF。
8.权利要求1-2任一项所述的Ii-Key杂合体和/或权利要求3所述的核酸在制备预防和/或治疗HER-2/neu过表达癌症的疫苗中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述HER-2/neu过表达癌症包括乳腺癌、肺癌、肾癌、卵巢癌、宫颈癌。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述HER-2/neu过表达癌症为宫颈癌。
11.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物中包括权利要求1-2任一项所述的Ii-Key杂合体和/或权利要求3所述的核酸。
12.一种预防和/或治疗宫颈癌的疫苗,其特征在于,所述疫苗中包括权利要求1-2所述的Ii-Key杂合体和/或权利要求3所述的核酸。
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