CN117967313A - Overhead roof-hanging and roof-breaking method for temporary tunnel - Google Patents
Overhead roof-hanging and roof-breaking method for temporary tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN117967313A CN117967313A CN202410372577.9A CN202410372577A CN117967313A CN 117967313 A CN117967313 A CN 117967313A CN 202410372577 A CN202410372577 A CN 202410372577A CN 117967313 A CN117967313 A CN 117967313A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for roof suspension and roof breaking of a temporary empty roadway, and relates to the field of coal mining. The method comprises the following steps: after the last working face is mined, and at the initial stage or before the working face adjacent to the working face is tunneled, two directional drilling holes are constructed in the overhead area of the to-be-treated overhead roadway, main body parts of the two directional drilling holes extend along the trend of the overhead roadway, the main body part of the first directional drilling hole is positioned in the vertical plane of the overhead side wall of the coal pillar between the two working faces, and the main body part of the second directional drilling hole is positioned in the overhead area of the to-be-treated overhead roadway; vertical topping is implemented by utilizing the first directional drilling; and carrying out fracturing fracture on the suspended roof of the temporary-treatment overhead roadway by using the second directional drilling. The method has simple working procedures and small workload, so the efficiency is high, and the roadway tunneling speed can be improved; the method is used for treating the overhead of the temporary drift from the source in advance actively without damaging the top plate above the coal pillar, so that the treatment engineering and the tunneling engineering are safer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a method for hanging and breaking a roof of a temporary empty roadway.
Background
Currently, in the mining of an underground coal mine, a long-wall stoping mode of two roadways enclosing a working surface is generally adopted, as shown in fig. 1, in a coal seam 100 between a top plate 200 and a bottom plate 300, a first roadway 111 and a second roadway 112 enclose a first working surface 110, a third roadway 121 and a fourth roadway 122 enclose a second working surface 120, and a coal pillar 130 is left between the second roadway 112 and the third roadway 121 for supporting the top plate 200. When a face is mined and a roadway is excavated and serviced for an adjacent face, for example, as shown in fig. 2, when a goaf 400 is formed after the first face 110 is mined out, a roof 200 and a pillar 130 are easily damaged and a roadway deformation disaster accident is caused when a third roadway 121, i.e., a temporary roadway, is excavated and serviced for the second face 120.
In the prior art, when a temporary tunnel is tunneled, a passive reinforcement support mode is generally adopted to improve the tunnel strength so as to avoid tunnel deformation disaster accidents as much as possible, but the efficiency is low, the safety is low, and the support workload is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for hanging and breaking a roof of a temporary-empty roadway, which aims to solve the technical problems of low efficiency, low safety and large supporting workload in the prior art that the roadway strength is improved by adopting a passive reinforcement supporting mode so as to avoid the occurrence of roadway deformation disaster accidents as much as possible.
The invention provides a method for hanging and breaking roof of a temporary empty roadway, which comprises the following steps:
after the last working face is mined, and at the initial stage or before the working face adjacent to the working face is driven, two directional drilling holes are constructed in the overhead area of the to-be-treated overhead roadway, the main body parts of the two directional drilling holes extend along the trend of the overhead roadway, the main body part of the first directional drilling hole is positioned in the vertical plane of the overhead side wall of the coal pillar between the two working faces, and the main body part of the second directional drilling hole is positioned in the overhead area of the to-be-treated overhead roadway;
Vertical topping is implemented by utilizing the first directional drilling;
And after vertical roof cutting is completed, carrying out fracturing fracture on the overhead roadway to be treated by utilizing the second directional drilling.
Further, when the directional drilling is constructed, if the temporary tunnel is already started to be tunneled, and the temporary tunnel and the surrounding parts thereof are provided with drilling and fracturing working spaces, the temporary tunnel or the surrounding top plate openings are drilled.
Further, when the overhead roadway or the top plate openings around the overhead roadway are drilled, the directional drilling holes are drilled towards the overhead area of the overhead roadway to be treated along the upward direction of 30-60 degrees.
Further, when the directional drilling is constructed, if the temporary tunnel and the surrounding area thereof are provided with drilling operation space and no fracturing operation space, the directional drilling is drilled underground, and a through well is constructed so as to convey fracturing fluid to the underground through the through well.
Further, when the directional drilling is constructed, if the temporary tunnel is not started to be tunneled, or the temporary tunnel is started to be tunneled but the temporary tunnel and the surrounding area thereof do not have a drilling and fracturing operation space, the directional drilling is constructed underground on the ground.
Further, the lengths of the main body parts of the two directional drilling holes are 500-1000 m.
Further, when the directional drilling is constructed, drilling is started from the same position.
Further, when vertical roof cutting is performed, perforating charges are adopted to upwards and downwards perforate along the vertical plane where the empty side wall of the coal pillar is located in the first directional drilling hole, and water injection fracturing is performed to expand cracks.
Further, after vertical roof cutting is completed and before fracturing and breaking are carried out, determining whether grouting is carried out on the overhead area of the temporary overhead roadway according to the stability and compactness of the overhead area of the temporary overhead roadway to be treated: and if the crack exists in the overhead area of the temporary blank roadway to be treated and the number of the cracks reaches the preset number or the size of the cracks reaches the preset size, grouting into the cracks by using the second directional drilling hole.
Further, the step of determining whether to grouting the overhead area of the temporary empty roadway according to the condition of the overhead area of the temporary empty roadway, further comprises: if the surrounding rock in the overhead area of the temporary drift is stable, grouting is not performed.
The overhead roof-hanging and roof-breaking method for the empty roadway provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
According to the overhead roof breaking method for the overhead roadway, regional treatment is carried out on the overhead region of the overhead roadway to be treated in the initial stage or before the overhead roadway is driven, namely, two directional drilling holes are constructed, one is used for carrying out vertical roof cutting, and the other is used for carrying out fracturing breaking on the overhead roadway to be treated after the vertical roof cutting is finished, so that the working procedure is simple, the workload is small, the efficiency is high, and the roadway driving speed can be improved; compared with a passive reinforcement supporting mode, the method provided by the invention can be used for treating the overhead of the temporary tunnel in advance and actively from the source, and the roof above the coal pillar can not be damaged, so that the treatment engineering and the tunneling engineering are safer.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is one of the schematic cross-sectional views of a prior art coal mine perpendicular to the direction of recovery;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic cross-sectional view of a prior art coal mine perpendicular to the direction of recovery;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for roof suspension and roof breaking of a temporary empty roadway, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a directional borehole drilled in a temporary drift suspension roof breaking method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a directional borehole drilled in a temporary drift roof-suspension method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a through well in a roof-suspension method for a temporary empty roadway according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a directional borehole drilled on the ground in the overhead roof breaking method of a temporary empty roadway according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vertical roof cutting in the overhead roof breaking method of the overhead roadway provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of grouting in the overhead roof breaking method of the overhead roadway provided by the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of fracturing in the overhead breaking method of the overhead roadway provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a overhead roof of a temporary empty roadway after the overhead roof of the temporary empty roadway is broken by using the overhead roof breaking method provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
100-coal bed; 110-a first working surface; 111-a first roadway; 112-a second lane; 120-a second work surface; 121-a third roadway; 122-fourth lane; 130-coal pillar;
200-top plate;
300-a bottom plate;
400-goaf;
500-directional drilling; 510-first directional drilling; 520-second directional drilling;
600-through well.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The embodiment provides a roof suspension and roof breaking method of a temporary tunnel, as shown in fig. 3 to 11, comprising the following steps:
S100, after the last working face is mined, and at the initial stage or before the working face is driven to face, two directional drilling holes 500 are constructed in the overhead area of the to-be-processed overhead roadway, main body parts of the two directional drilling holes 500 extend along the trend of the to-be-processed overhead roadway, main body parts of the first directional drilling holes 510 are located in the vertical plane where the overhead side wall of the coal pillar 130 between the two working faces is located, and main body parts of the second directional drilling holes 520 are located in the overhead area of the to-be-processed overhead roadway.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the lengths of the main portions of the two directional drillings 500 are 500 m-1000 m, and the punching height of the second directional drillings 520 is up to the top of the overhanging region to be processed. Further, for the whole temporary tunnel, if the tunneling length of the tunnel is more than 500-1000 m, after the construction of the section is finished, the construction of the next section can be continued according to the site situation, namely, the operation can be repeated until the suspended roof of the whole temporary tunnel is treated at one time; of course, the roadway can be tunneled after one section of the suspended ceiling is processed, and the lower section of the suspended ceiling is processed after the corresponding roadway is tunneled, namely, the suspended ceiling processing and the corresponding roadway tunneling are intermittently processed.
S200, vertical topping is performed by using the first directional drilling 510. Vertical roof cutting can ensure that fracturing fluid and fracturing cracks cannot be expanded to the position above the coal pillar 130, so that the top plate 200 above the coal pillar 130 can be protected.
And S300, after vertical roof cutting is completed, performing fracturing fracture on the overhead of the temporary-treatment overhead roadway by using the second directional drilling 520. After the fracturing is completed, the temporary tunnel tunneling is carried out, so that the safety is improved, and meanwhile, the suspended ceiling with the thickness of 500-1000 m is treated at one time, and other supplementary supporting operations are not needed.
According to the overhead roof breaking method for the overhead roadway, regional treatment is carried out on the overhead region of the overhead roadway to be treated at the initial stage or before the initial stage of tunneling the overhead roadway, namely, two directional drilling holes 500 are constructed, one is used for carrying out vertical roof cutting, the other is used for carrying out fracturing breaking on the overhead roadway to be treated after the vertical roof cutting is completed, the working procedure is simple, the workload is small, the efficiency is high, and the tunneling speed of the roadway can be improved; moreover, compared with the passive reinforcement supporting mode, the method provided by the embodiment is used for treating the overhead of the temporary tunnel in advance and actively from the source, and the top plate 200 above the coal pillar 130 is not damaged, so that the treatment engineering and the tunneling engineering can be safer.
Specifically, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, after vertical roof cutting is completed and before fracturing is performed, according to the stability and compactness of the overhead area of the temporary empty roadway to be treated, it is determined whether grouting is performed on the overhead area of the temporary empty roadway to be treated: if the crack exists in the overhead area of the temporary blank roadway to be treated and the number of the cracks reaches the preset number or the size of the cracks reaches the preset size, grouting into the cracks by using the second directional drilling 520; if the surrounding rock in the overhead area of the temporary drift is stable, grouting is not needed. In the specific implementation, if the suspended roof area is affected by geological structure or mining disturbance, more cracks exist, so that the pressure maintaining and fracturing effects of subsequent fracturing are affected, and grouting is performed on the top plate 200. The grouting operation can ensure the stability and compactness of the suspended ceiling area, thereby ensuring the effective pressure of the fracturing fluid and the fracturing effect of the fracturing area.
After fracturing, the cantilever roof may effectively break along the kerf lines, as shown in fig. 11. After the suspension burst is broken, the fracturing of the coal pillar 130 can be relieved, so that the stability of the roadway top plate 200 and the coal pillar 130 is ensured; secondly, the broken suspension roof can support the overlying strata to a certain extent after breaking, and the stress environment of the temporary tunnel is further optimized.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, when the directional drilling 500 is constructed, if the temporary tunnel is already started to be driven, and the temporary tunnel and the surrounding thereof are provided with working spaces for drilling, grouting and fracturing, the temporary tunnel or the surrounding roof can be drilled.
More specifically, when drilling holes in the overhead roadway or surrounding roof openings, the directional drilling holes 500 may be drilled in the upward direction of 30 ° to 60 ° toward the overhead area of the overhead roadway to be treated.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, when the directional drilling 500 is constructed, if the temporary tunnel and the surrounding area thereof have drilling space, no grouting and fracturing space, the directional drilling 500 is set downhole, and the through well 600 is constructed so that the fracturing fluid is conveyed downhole through the through well 600. Because the drilling machine is only needed to drill the well, and equipment such as a fracturing pump, a grouting pump and the like needed by fracturing and grouting are large in size, if the temporary tunnel and surrounding areas thereof only have the drilling machine working space, but do not have the fracturing pump and the grouting pump working space, the downhole drilling machine can drill the setting directional drilling 500, meanwhile, the through well 600 is constructed, the fracturing pump and the grouting pump are placed on the ground, and the fracturing fluid and the grouting fluid are sent to the downhole through the through well 600.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, when the directional drilling 500 is constructed, if the temporary tunnel is not already started or the temporary tunnel is already started but the temporary tunnel and the surrounding area thereof have no working space for drilling and fracturing, the directional drilling 500 is constructed underground on the ground. That is, if the temporary roadway is not yet excavated, or the preliminary excavation does not have a drilling machine or a pump station working space, the directional drilling 500 can be constructed underground, and the drilling is also required to be constructed to the suspended roof area to be treated.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the directional drilling 500 is constructed, drilling is started from the same position. Of course, when two directional drillings 500 are being constructed, they may be drilled from different locations on the top plate 200.
Specifically, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, when vertical roof cutting is performed, perforating charges may be used to perforate upward and downward in the first directional drilling 510 along a vertical plane where the empty sidewall of the coal pillar 130 is located, and water injection fracturing is performed to expand the fracture. Namely, after the directional drilling 500 is constructed to the broken roof area, the roof 200 is firstly subjected to the lancing operation, the lancing surface needs to be kept vertical, then, perforating charges can be adopted to perforate in the upper direction and the lower direction along the empty side plane of the coal pillar 130, water is injected to perform fracturing, and the expansion of the fracture is promoted.
In summary, in the overhead breaking method for the overhead of the overhead roadway provided by the embodiment, before or in the initial stage of the tunneling of the overhead roadway, the directional drilling 500 is utilized to perform vertical overhead cutting, top plate grouting and fracturing breaking on the overhead area of the overhead roadway to be processed, so that the overhead roadway overhead is advanced, actively and regionally treated from the source, and the safety and tunneling speed of the construction such as the treatment and tunneling of the overhead roadway can be ensured; the working procedure is simple, the efficiency is high, and the tunneling speed of the roadway can be further improved; in addition, the method has strong applicability, can be used for cracked top plates and complete top plate conditions, and does not damage the top plate 200 above the coal pillar 130.
Finally, it is further noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to the embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The overhead roof breaking method for the overhead roadway is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
After the last working face is mined, at the initial stage or before the working face adjacent to the working face is driven, two directional drilling holes (500) are constructed in the overhead area of the working face to be processed, main body parts of the two directional drilling holes (500) extend along the trend of the working face, the main body part of a first directional drilling hole (510) is positioned in a vertical plane where the overhead side wall of a coal pillar (130) between the two working faces is positioned, and the main body part of a second directional drilling hole (520) is positioned in the overhead area of the working face to be processed;
Performing vertical topping with the first directional drilling (510);
And after vertical roof cutting is completed, performing fracturing fracture on the overhead roadway to be processed by utilizing the second directional drilling (520).
2. The overhead roof breaking method of the overhead tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that when the directional drilling (500) is constructed, if the overhead tunnel is already started to be driven, and the overhead tunnel and the surrounding thereof are provided with drilling and fracturing working spaces, the overhead tunnel or the surrounding roof is drilled.
3. The overhead roof breaking method of the overhead roadway according to claim 2, characterized in that the directional drilling (500) is drilled in the upward direction of 30 ° -60 ° toward the overhead area of the overhead roadway to be treated when drilling the overhead roadway or the surrounding roof openings thereof.
4. The overhead hanging roof breaking method of the temporary tunnel according to claim 1, wherein when the directional drilling (500) is constructed, if the temporary tunnel and the surrounding thereof are provided with a drilling operation space and no fracturing operation space, the directional drilling (500) is drilled down-hole, and a through well (600) is constructed to convey fracturing fluid down-hole through the through well (600).
5. The overhead roof breaking method of a goaf according to claim 1, characterized in that when constructing the directional drilling (500), the directional drilling (500) is constructed downhole on the ground if the goaf has not been started or has been started but the goaf has no working space for drilling and fracturing around it.
6. The overhead roof breaking method of a temporary tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the length of the main body portions of two of the directional drillings (500) is 500m to 1000m.
7. The overhead roof breaking method of a temporary tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that drilling is started from the same position when the directional drilling (500) is constructed.
8. The overhead roof breaking method of the overhead roadway of claim 1, wherein when vertical roof cutting is performed, perforating is performed upwards and downwards in the first directional drilling hole (510) along a vertical plane where the overhead side wall of the coal pillar (130) is located by using perforating charges, and water injection fracturing is performed to expand cracks.
9. The overhead roof breaking method of a temporary overhead roadway according to claim 1, wherein after vertical roof cutting is completed and before fracturing breaking is performed, determining whether grouting is performed on the overhead area of the temporary overhead roadway according to the stability and compactness of the overhead area of the temporary overhead roadway to be treated:
And if cracks exist in the overhead area of the temporary drift to be treated and the number of the cracks reaches the preset number or the size of the cracks reaches the preset size, grouting into the cracks by using the second directional drilling holes (520).
10. The overhead crossing method of claim 9, wherein the step of determining whether to grouting the overhead region of the overhead crossing is to be treated according to conditions under which the overhead region of the overhead crossing is to be treated, further comprises: if the surrounding rock in the overhead area of the temporary drift is stable, grouting is not performed.
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| CN202410372577.9A CN117967313B (en) | 2024-03-29 | 2024-03-29 | Overhead roof-hanging and roof-breaking method for temporary tunnel |
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