CN117964138A - 一种基于反硝化脱氮技术的污水处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于反硝化脱氮技术的污水处理方法,该方法包括以下主要步骤:首先进行预处理以去除污水中的悬浮物和大颗粒物质;接着,采用A/O过程,先在厌氧池进行反硝化将溶解性硝态氮转化为氮气,随后流入好氧池进行硝化将氨氮转化为硝态氮;应用膜生物反应器技术,利用生物反应器降解有机物;实施短程硝化反硝化,通过控制溶氧和回流比,使得部分硝态氮直接转化为氮气;对产生的污泥进行厚化、消化、脱水处理;使用臭氧与紫外线对污水进行高效氧化消毒;最后,检验出水水质以确保其达到排放标准或回用要求,旨在提高污水处理效率,降低能耗,同时改善出水水质。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环境工程技术领域,具体涉及一种基于反硝化脱氮技术的污水处理方法。
背景技术
在现有的污水处理技术中,尤其是涉及氮污染控制的技术,通常面临处理效率不高、能耗较大等问题。本发明提出了一种改进的污水处理方法,旨在通过结合反硝化和硝化过程以及使用高效的生物反应器技术,提高污水处理的效率和效果。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明公开了一种基于反硝化脱氮技术的污水处理方法,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种基于反硝化脱氮技术的污水处理方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理去除污水中的悬浮物和大颗粒物质;
(2)采用A/O过程,先将污水进入厌氧池进行反硝化将溶解性硝态氮转化为氮气,然后流入好氧池进行硝化将氨氮转化为硝态氮;
(3)应用膜生物反应器技术,采用生物反应器降解有机物;
(4)实施短程硝化反硝化,通过控制溶氧和回流比,使得部分硝态氮直接转化为氮气;
(5)对前序步骤产生的污泥进行厚化、消化、脱水处理;
(6)使用臭氧与紫外线对污水进行氧化消毒;
(7)检验出水水质以确保达到排放标准或回用要求,根据需要进行排放或回用。
作为本发明的一种改进,所述步骤(1)具体为:污水首先流经粗格栅,去除大颗粒杂质,然后通过细格栅,去除小颗粒杂质;再于沉淀池内通过减缓流速,使得沉积物沉降到池底。
作为本发明的一种改进,所述步骤(2)中厌氧池溶解氧为0 mg/L,pH为6.0~7.5,温度为20~30℃。
作为本发明的一种改进,所述步骤(2)中好氧池溶解氧为2~4 mg/L,pH为6.5~8.5,温度为20~35℃,NO3-浓度为20~40 mg/L。
作为本发明的一种改进,所述步骤(3)具体为:污水进入生物反应器,与活性污泥混合,微生物降解污水中的有机物和氮化合物,再通过膜过滤,在整个过程中,在生物反应器中进行曝气和搅拌保持污水和活性污泥的混合。
作为本发明的一种改进,所述生物反应器内控制温度为15~30℃,pH为6.5~8.5,溶解氧为2~3 mg/L。
作为本发明的一种改进,所述膜处理使用微滤或超滤膜,孔径为0.03~0.4μm。
作为本发明的一种改进,所述步骤(4)溶解氧浓度为0.2~1.5 mg/L,回流比为25~100%。
作为本发明的一种改进,所述步骤(5)具体为:首先,污泥通常通过重力沉淀或离心进行厚化,接着在35~55℃下于密闭消化器中进行厌氧消化15~20d,最后,污泥通过带式压滤机、离心机或螺旋压榨机进行脱水。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明通过结合A/O过程和短程硝化反硝化技术,本发明有效提高了污水中氮的去除率。这种方法使得氨氮更高效地转化为氮气,减少了氮的排放。传统的污水处理过程中,硝化和反硝化需要大量的能量和有机物。本发明通过优化这些过程,显著降低了整个系统的能耗和运行成本。
(2)本发明利用膜生物反应器技术,可以更有效地去除污水中的悬浮固体、有机物和病原体,从而大幅提高出水水质,满足更严格的排放标准。同时对污泥进行处理,本发明中的污泥处理步骤通过厚化、消化和脱水过程,有效减少了污泥的总量,降低了污泥处理和处置的成本。
(3)本发明通过减少氮的排放和提高有机物的去除效率,本发明有助于减轻对水体环境的污染压力,促进可持续环境管理。本发明的设计允许根据不同的污水特性和处理要求调整操作参数,如溶解氧浓度、pH值和温度等,提供了更大的操作灵活性和适应性。
综上所述,本发明不仅提高了污水处理的效率和出水水质,而且降低了运行成本和环境影响,是一种高效、经济、环保的污水处理方法。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式,进一步阐明本发明,应理解下述具体实施方式仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
本发明所述的一种基于反硝化脱氮技术的污水处理方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:预处理去除污水中的悬浮物和大颗粒物质
污水首先流经粗格栅,去除大颗粒杂质,然后通过细格栅,去除小颗粒杂质;再于沉淀池内通过减缓流速,使得沉积物沉降到池底。
步骤二:A/O过程
采用A/O过程,先将污水进入厌氧池进行反硝化将溶解性硝态氮转化为氮气,然后流入好氧池进行硝化将氨氮转化为硝态氮;其中厌氧池溶解氧为0 mg/L,pH为6.0~7.5,温度为20~30℃;好氧池溶解氧为2~4 mg/L,pH为6.5~8.5,温度为20~35℃,NO3-浓度为20~40mg/L。
步骤三:应用膜生物反应器技术,采用生物反应器降解有机物
污水进入生物反应器,与活性污泥混合,微生物降解污水中的有机物和氮化合物,再通过膜过滤,在整个过程中,在生物反应器中进行曝气和搅拌保持污水和活性污泥的混合。
所述生物反应器内控制温度为15~30℃,pH为6.5~8.5,溶解氧为2~3 mg/L;所述膜处理使用微滤或超滤膜,孔径为0.03~0.4μm。
步骤四:实施短程硝化反硝化
通过控制溶氧和回流比,使得部分硝态氮直接转化为氮气;其中溶解氧浓度为0.2~1.5 mg/L,回流比为25~100%。
步骤五:污泥处理
对前序步骤产生的污泥进行厚化、消化、脱水处理:首先,污泥通常通过重力沉淀或离心进行厚化,接着在35~55℃下于密闭消化器中进行厌氧消化15~20d,最后,污泥通过带式压滤机、离心机或螺旋压榨机进行脱水。
步骤六:使用臭氧与紫外线对污水进行氧化消毒
步骤七:检验出水水质以确保达到排放标准或回用要求,根据需要进行排放或回用
本发明提供的基于反硝化脱氮技术的污水处理方法工作原理如下:
(1) 预处理阶段:在预处理阶段,污水首先通过粗格栅和细格栅,其中格栅的作用是物理拦截,去除大型漂浮和悬浮物。随后,水流进入沉淀池,在重力作用下,较重的固体颗粒沉降到池底,从而实现固液分离。
(2)A/O过程:A/O过程包括两个主要环节:厌氧环节和好氧环节。在厌氧池中,缺氧条件促进反硝化细菌的活动,将溶解性硝态氮还原为氮气。接着,污水流入好氧池,在充足氧气的条件下,硝化细菌将氨氮转化为硝态氮。
(3)膜生物反应器技术:膜生物反应器(MBR)技术结合了生物处理和膜分离技术。在生物反应器中,微生物降解污水中的有机物和氮化合物。同时,膜过滤技术能有效分离和去除悬浮固体和微生物,从而提供高质量的出水。
(4)短程硝化反硝化:短程硝化反硝化过程通过控制溶氧和回流比,促进部分硝态氮在厌氧或低氧条件下直接还原为氮气。这一过程减少了传统硝化-反硝化过程中的能耗和有机物需求。
(5)污泥处理:污泥处理包括厚化、消化和脱水三个步骤。厚化通过物理方法减少污泥体积,消化过程中厌氧细菌降解有机物质,将其转化为沼气等有用物质,最后,通过机械方法如压滤或离心进行脱水,进一步减少污泥体积。
(6)氧化消毒:使用臭氧和紫外线进行高效的氧化消毒。臭氧是一种强氧化剂,能够分解水中的有机物和病原体。紫外线则通过破坏微生物的DNA来实现消毒效果。
(7)出水排放或回用:在整个处理过程结束后,经过严格的水质检验,确保水质达到了排放或回用的标准,然后根据需求进行排放或回用。
需要说明的是,仅仅说明了本发明的技术思想,不能以此形状限定本发明的保护范围,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰均落入本发明权利要求书的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种基于反硝化脱氮技术的污水处理方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理去除污水中的悬浮物和大颗粒物质;
(2)采用A/O过程,先将污水进入厌氧池进行反硝化将溶解性硝态氮转化为氮气,然后流入好氧池进行硝化将氨氮转化为硝态氮;
(3)应用膜生物反应器技术,采用生物反应器降解有机物;
(4)实施短程硝化反硝化,通过控制溶氧和回流比,使得部分硝态氮直接转化为氮气;
(5)对前序步骤产生的污泥进行厚化、消化、脱水处理;
(6)使用臭氧与紫外线对污水进行氧化消毒;
(7)检验出水水质以确保达到排放标准或回用要求,根据需要进行排放或回用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于反硝化脱氮技术的污水处理方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)具体为:污水首先流经粗格栅,去除大颗粒杂质,然后通过细格栅,去除小颗粒杂质;再于沉淀池内通过减缓流速,使得沉积物沉降到池底。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于反硝化脱氮技术的污水处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中厌氧池溶解氧为0 mg/L,pH为6.0~7.5,温度为20~30℃。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于反硝化脱氮技术的污水处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中好氧池溶解氧为2~4 mg/L,pH为6.5~8.5,温度为20~35℃,NO3 -浓度为20~40 mg/L。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于反硝化脱氮技术的污水处理方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)具体为:污水进入生物反应器,与活性污泥混合,微生物降解污水中的有机物和氮化合物,再通过膜过滤,在整个过程中,在生物反应器中进行曝气和搅拌保持污水和活性污泥的混合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种基于反硝化脱氮技术的污水处理方法,其特征在于:所述生物反应器内控制温度为15~30℃,pH为6.5~8.5,溶解氧为2~3 mg/L。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种基于反硝化脱氮技术的污水处理方法,其特征在于:所述膜处理使用微滤或超滤膜,孔径为0.03~0.4μm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于反硝化脱氮技术的污水处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)溶解氧浓度为0.2~1.5 mg/L,回流比为25~100%。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于反硝化脱氮技术的污水处理方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)具体为:首先,污泥通常通过重力沉淀或离心进行厚化,接着在35~55℃下于密闭消化器中进行厌氧消化15~20d,最后,污泥通过带式压滤机、离心机或螺旋压榨机进行脱水。
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