CN117959426A - 一种视神经局部药物靶向递送的方法和药物组合 - Google Patents
一种视神经局部药物靶向递送的方法和药物组合 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种视神经局部药物靶向递送的方法和药物组合,将超声、微气泡试剂和药物“三合一”,实现了在直视下实现视神经局部的药物精准递送,通过局部超声联合局部微泡可有效促进视神经局部药物递送,显著提高视神经超声处的渗透性,且呈振幅依赖性,实现了视神经损伤疾病的微创、靶向和精准治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及疾病动物模型技术领域,具体涉及一种视神经局部药物靶向递送的方法和药物组合。
背景技术
视神经汇集视网膜节细胞(Retinal ganglion cells,RGCs)轴突,将视觉信息传输到相应脑区。视神经疾病是全球首要不可逆性致盲疾病,包括青光眼性、缺血性、炎症性、外伤性视神病变。和其他中枢神经系统一样,视神经损伤后不能自主修复,损伤后中晚期均表现为RGCs变性、凋亡,目前没有有效的临床治疗,最终导致失明9,10。
视神经解剖位置深,难暴露,且毗邻组织拥挤,传统上视神经的暴露需要开颅手术联合部分脑组织切除,不具备临床应用的可行性;眼眶内的视神经虽相对好暴露,但眼眶内有大量重要神经、血管、眼外肌、脂肪等,操作空间小,难以有效调控其微环境。传统的全身药物治疗(如激素、免疫抑制剂等)副作用大,视神经损伤灶药物浓度低,难以实现微创、靶向、精准治疗。
针对上述瓶颈,本申请人前期利用现代经鼻内窥镜微创手术,原创可微创暴露视神经的大动物模型(猕猴、山羊)。然而视神经被硬脑膜包绕,硬脑膜表面递送的药物难以进入视神经深部;硬脑膜切开容易导致脑脊液漏和继发的颅内感染;视神经局部注射又会损伤密集分布的视神经纤维。
超声波能够在穿透身体深处的同时产生机械震荡,从而促进药物的深层渗透;微气泡试剂能够放大这一效应。在中枢神经系统,既往研究将微气泡试剂和药物注入血管,利用聚焦超声提高局部的血管通透性。但该方法存在如下不足:(1)高度依赖血管,在缺血性视神经病变、外伤性视神经病变(常伴有局部微循环障碍)中药物无法到达缺血的损伤灶;(2)全身使用微气泡试剂和药物,剂量大、潜在全身副作用大;(3)聚焦超声本身的聚焦性差,不能在直视下操作,容易导致空间定位不准确,极可能损伤视神经毗邻的大血管(如颈内动脉、眼动脉、海绵窦等)或重要组织(如垂体,额叶底等)。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的技术缺陷,本发明提供一种视神经局部药物靶向递送的方法和药物组合。
本发明采用的技术解决方案是:一种视神经局部药物靶向递送的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将微气泡试剂滴入暴露的视神经周围,使得微气泡试剂完全没过暴露的视神经;
(2)用超声换能器伸入微气泡试剂的液面下,在距离视神经一定距离处保持位置固定,对视神经进行超声辐照,直至微泡试剂完全消耗完毕;
(3)吸去视神经周围多余溶液,重复上述步骤 (1)将微气泡试剂滴入视神经周围,完全没过暴露的视神经的步骤,和步骤(2)超声辐照的步骤依次15-20个循环后;
(4)将所需添加的目标药物通过载体贴附在超声辐照的区域,即完成视神经局部药物给药操作。
所述的微气泡试剂为声诺维悬液。
所述的步骤(1)中微气泡试剂的给药量为0.1-0.2ml。
所述的步骤(2)中超声辐照的频率为1MHz,空占比为50%。
所述的步骤(4)中目标药物为视神经损伤疾病靶向药物。
所述的步骤(2)中超声换能器超声辐照的位置为距离视神经的0.4-0.5mm处,超声辐照的时间为30-40s。
所述的步骤(4)中通过可吸收性明胶海绵浸润所需添加的目标药物贴附在超声辐照的区域。
一种用于视神经损伤疾病视神经局部给药的药物组合物,包括视神经损伤疾病靶向药物和微气泡试剂,所述的微气泡试剂的量为0.1-0.2ml。
所述的微气泡试剂为声诺维悬液。
所述的视神经局部给药为微气泡试剂浸泡靶向视神经后超声辐照,再在视神经超声辐照处视神经损伤疾病靶向药物局部直接给药吸收。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明提供了一种视神经局部药物靶向递送的方法和药物组合,将超声、微气泡试剂和药物“三合一”,实现了在直视下实现视神经局部的药物精准递送,通过局部超声联合局部微泡可有效促进视神经局部药物递送,显著提高视神经超声处的渗透性,且呈振幅依赖性,实现了视神经损伤疾病的微创、靶向和精准治疗。
附图说明
图1是超声发射平台原理及实机图。
图2是视神经局部超声操作图(局部超声激发微泡0-30秒)。
图3是局部超声显著促进荧光染料在视神经实质的渗透。
图4是局部超声对视神经的组织功能的影响(视觉诱发电位VEP)。
图5是局部超声对局部视神经轴突密度的影响。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获的的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
自行搭建适合视神经局部给药的超声仪器系统(图1),可自定义超声波的相关参数。
实施例1经鼻内窥镜下微创暴露视神经;
SD 大鼠球后视神经暴露(1)麻醉:将大鼠放在小动物麻醉诱导盒中进行诱导麻醉,完成诱导后接入面罩,氧流量为 200-300mL/min,异氟烷浓度为 2.0 档位;(2)备皮:术前予以盐酸丙美卡因滴眼液,行眼表表面麻醉,用电动剃毛刀剃除眼眶外周毛发,局部碘伏消毒;(3)入路:手术显微镜下,剪开外眦部穹隆结膜,沿眼球后极部轻柔钝性分离,可见白色视神经;(4)扩宽:在手术显微镜下,扩宽外眦切口,暴露皮下肌肉,对眶外侧肌肉适当切除,直到允许 3mm 超声换能器进入靠近暴露的视神经;(5)鞘膜划开:若需要鞘膜划开,用眼科显微镊轻轻游离视神经。用 30G 胰岛素针轻轻划开视神经鞘膜;(6)注射:若需玻璃体腔注射,则在角巩膜缘后 1mm 处用胰岛素针轻轻穿刺,手术显微镜正视瞳孔下,进入汉密尔顿针,注射完毕后,停留 1min(严格计时器计时),防止液体反流;若需视神经内注射,则用胰岛素针轻轻扎破视神经鞘膜,用汉密尔顿针缓慢推入所需的液体量,注射完毕后停留1min(严格计时器计时),防止液体反流;(7)缝合:用 3-0 缝线缝合外眦切口,确保无持续性出血;(8)复苏:轻柔擦净眼球表面碘伏及血迹,眼表予以涂抹迪可罗眼膏预防感染,待麻醉苏醒后放回饲养笼;(9)术后若出现角膜、晶状体混浊、眼底缺血、玻血等异常状况时,予以排除。
实施例2 SD 大鼠视神经局部超声联合微泡治疗(1)手术视神经暴露如前;(2)试剂添加:在手术显微镜下用显微镊游离视神经周边组织,完整暴露视神经球后段。用 1ml注射器吸取 0.1-0.2ml声诺维悬液,滴入视神经周围,完全没过暴露的视神经;(3)超声:用1MHz 超声换能器伸入液面下,距离视神经 0.4-0.5mm 距离,保持位置固定,对视神经进行超声辐照,持续时间30-40s(严格计时器计时)直至微泡试剂完全消耗完毕;温州医科大学硕士学位论文 12 (4)更换:用脱脂棉球吸去多余溶液,再次用 1ml 注射器吸取 0.1-0.2ml声诺维悬液,滴入视神经周围,完全没过暴露的视神经,重复上述步骤 15-20个循环直至超声完成;(5)药物添加:用可吸收性明胶海绵浸润所需添加的药物,贴附在超声辐照的区域;(6)缝合:用 3-0 缝线缝合外眦切口,确保无持续性出血;(7)复苏:轻柔擦净眼球表面碘伏及血迹,眼表予以涂抹迪可罗眼膏预防感染,待麻醉苏醒后放回饲养笼;(8)术后若出现角膜、晶状体混浊、眼底缺血、玻璃体出血等异常状况时,予以排除。
实施例3控制超声辐照的频率为1MHz,空占比为50%对视神经局部超声激发微泡0-30秒,如图2所示成功激活微气泡试剂。用荧光染料检测视神经局部超声对荧光染料在视神经实质的渗透的影响,如图3、4和5所示,局部超声显著促进荧光染料在视神经实质的渗透(图3),且未对视神经的组织功能(视觉诱发电位VEP,图4)和结构(视神经轴突密度,图5)造成损伤,证明局部超声是安全有效的。
各位技术人员须知:虽然本发明已按照上述具体实施方式做了描述,但是本发明的发明思想并不仅限于此发明,任何运用本发明思想的改装,都将纳入本专利专利权保护范围内。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例,凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种视神经局部药物靶向递送的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将微气泡试剂滴入暴露的视神经周围,使得微气泡试剂完全没过暴露的视神经;
(2)用超声换能器伸入微气泡试剂的液面下,在距离视神经一定距离处保持位置固定,对视神经进行超声辐照,直至微泡试剂完全消耗完毕;
(3)吸去视神经周围多余溶液,重复上述步骤 (1)将微气泡试剂滴入视神经周围,完全没过暴露的视神经的步骤,和步骤(2)超声辐照的步骤依次15-20个循环后;
(4)将所需添加的目标药物通过载体贴附在超声辐照的区域,即完成视神经局部药物给药操作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的微气泡试剂为声诺维悬液。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(1)中微气泡试剂的给药量为0.1-0.2ml。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(2)中超声辐照的频率为1MHz,空占比为50%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(4)中目标药物为视神经损伤疾病靶向药物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(2)中超声换能器超声辐照的位置为距离视神经的0.4-0.5mm处,超声辐照的时间为30-40s。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(4)中通过可吸收性明胶海绵浸润所需添加的目标药物贴附在超声辐照的区域。
8.一种用于视神经损伤疾病视神经局部给药的药物组合物,其特征在于,包括视神经损伤疾病靶向药物和微气泡试剂,所述的微气泡试剂的量为0.1-0.2ml。
9.根据权利要求8所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的微气泡试剂为声诺维悬液。
10.根据权利要求8所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的视神经局部给药为微气泡试剂浸泡靶向视神经后超声辐照,再在视神经超声辐照处视神经损伤疾病靶向药物局部直接给药吸收。
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