CN117957368A - 电力供应电路、相关致动器以及对负载供电的方法 - Google Patents

电力供应电路、相关致动器以及对负载供电的方法 Download PDF

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CN117957368A
CN117957368A CN202280062604.1A CN202280062604A CN117957368A CN 117957368 A CN117957368 A CN 117957368A CN 202280062604 A CN202280062604 A CN 202280062604A CN 117957368 A CN117957368 A CN 117957368A
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萨尔瓦托雷·科科
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/162—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/1623—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration with control circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
    • F03G7/061—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by the actuating element
    • F03G7/0614—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by the actuating element using shape memory elements
    • F03G7/06143—Wires
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
    • F03G7/064—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like characterised by its use
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0012—Control circuits using digital or numerical techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5383—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a self-oscillating arrangement
    • H02M7/53846—Control circuits
    • H02M7/53854—Control circuits using thyristor type converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
    • H03K3/57—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback the switching device being a semiconductor device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
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Abstract

对负载(其可以是SMA部件或压电部件)供电的电力供应电路可以使用短高电压脉冲来实现负载的快速加热，并且为了符合功能要求，SMA部件或压电部件不应该通过将其直接连接至处于相对高电压的电线来被供电。还公开了：致动器，所述致动器包括本公开内容的电力供应电路和至少一个负载，所述至少一个负载包括在压电装置与形状记忆合金(SMA)部件之间选择的至少一种智能材料；以及对负载供电的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：通过闭合输入开关将电力供应电路的AC至DC电压转换器连接至AC电源以对转换器的储能电容器充电，并且同时断开输出开关以将负载与储能电容器断开；通过断开输入开关将电力供应电路的AC至DC电压转换器与AC电源断开，并且同时闭合输出开关以通过使储能电容器放电来对负载供电。

Description

电力供应电路、相关致动器以及对负载供电的方法
技术领域
本公开内容总体上涉及电动致动器，并且更具体地涉及适于向形状记忆合金(SMA)部件供电的电力供应电路，涉及包括该电力供应电路和负载的相关致动器(负载包括在压电装置与形状记忆合金(SMA)部件之间选择的至少一种智能材料)、以及对负载供电的方法。
背景技术
形状记忆合金(也称为SMA)是“记住”其原始形状并且在被加热时恢复原始形状的材料。由SMA制成的部件(例如由SMA制成的线材)的热激活可以使用被配置成迫使电流通过线材的电力供应电路经由焦耳加热由电流驱动。具有加热时恢复形状的独特特性的形状记忆合金(例如由SAES Getters S.p.A.生产的商品名为的SMA线材和弹簧)可以有效地封装到紧凑、轻便、强大并且静音的致动器中，以代替基于蜡(wax)、DC马达和电动机的替选技术。不可比拟的能量密度、集成度和设计简单性使形状记忆合金成为线性和旋转致动器的新的行业标准。
为了具有SMA致动器的快速响应，重要的是通过使用被配置成迫使电流通过SMA部件的适合的电力供应电路来快速加热SMA致动器的SMA部件。
快速SMA致动器的示例在文献US2016/0186730中公开并且在图1中示意性地示出。当通过驱动单元31使输出MOSFET闭合时，SMA部件被供电，并且流过其的电流由储能电容器(tank capacitor)C1提供，储能电容器C1由供电单元2充电。这种现有的SMA致动器具有简单的结构，尽管其被专门设计为与注入受控DC电流(通常为5安培)的低电压供电单元2一起起作用。供电电压又根据SMA致动器的电阻进行调整。
发明内容
利用该现有的致动器来控制SMA部件或压电部件由于加热SMA部件或压电部件所需的长的时间而导致缓慢的致动响应，并且大量的热量损失到环境中，这导致低效率。
根据本公开内容，用于对负载(其可以是SMA部件或压电部件)供电的电力供应电路可以使用短高电压脉冲来实现负载的快速加热，并且为了符合功能要求并且避免与过热和/或燃烧相关的部件损坏，SMA部件或压电部件不应该通过将其直接连接至处于相对高电压的电线来被供电。在这方面，如Pai等人于2017年发表在《国际电路理论与应用杂志》上的论文“cumulative current magnetizing method for a capacitor-discharged impulsemagnetizer”中描述的解决方案是不同的，因为其将相对于电源输入增加输出电压，从而导致电压响应致动器部件的损坏，并且其没有提供在负载或电连接损坏的情况下能够使电容器放电的任何安全部件。
权利要求1中限定的电力供应电路满足上述要求。
还公开了：一种致动器，该致动器包括本公开内容的电力供应电路和至少一个负载，所述至少一个负载包括在压电部件与形状记忆合金(SMA)部件之间选择的至少一种智能材料；以及一种对负载供电的方法，包括以下步骤：
·通过闭合输入开关将电力供应电路的AC至DC电压转换器连接至AC电源以对转换器的储能电容器充电，并且同时断开输出开关以将负载与储能电容器断开；
·通过断开输入开关将电力供应电路的AC至DC电压转换器与AC电源断开，并且同时闭合输出开关以通过使储能电容器放电来对负载供电。
在所附权利要求中限定优选实施方式。
附图说明
图1描绘了在DC低电压下操作的现有SMA致动器。
图2a描绘了根据本公开内容的具有单个输入开关的SMA致动器的实施方式。
图2b描绘了根据本公开内容的具有两个输入开关的SMA致动器的另一实施方式。
图3是充电阶段期间储能电容器上的电压的示例性时间图。
图4是放电阶段期间储能电容器上的电压以及输送至被供电负载的相应电压脉冲的示例性时间图。
具体实施方式
图2a和图2b中示出了适于使用短高电压脉冲对负载供电并且在被供电时不将负载直接连接至处于相对高电压的电线的电力供应电路的示例性实施方式。
电力供应电路包括主要电流路径(用字母A和B标记)，主要电流路径从电力供应电路的AC输入端子出发并且通向与被供电负载1和输出开关2连接的DC输出端子。在电路径B中，存在连接在AC输入端子与DC输出端子之间的AC至DC电压转换器3、5、6、8，其中，AC至DC电压转换器3、5、6、8被配置成接收AC输入端子上的AC电源电压，以在DC输出端子上产生相应的整流DC电压，其中，AC至DC电压转换器3、5、6、8包括功能上连接在DC输出端子之间以保持整流DC电压的储能电容器3。
作为一般规则，AC至DC电压转换器可以是任何类型。根据图2a和图2b中描绘的可选方面，AC至DC电压转换器可以包括全波二极管桥式整流器6，全波二极管桥式整流器6在功能上连接在AC输入端子与DC输出端子之间以产生作为AC电源电压的整流副本的整流DC电压(被提供给被供电负载1)。根据一方面，储能电容器3具有包括在10μF与470μF之间的电容值。
根据图2a和图2b中描绘的可选方面，AC至DC电压转换器甚至可以包括输入电容器8，输入电容器8在功能上连接在全波二极管桥式整流器6与AC输入端子之间，以限制由全波二极管桥式整流器6吸收的AC电流。根据一方面，输入电容器8可以具有包括在0.1μF与47μF之间的电容值。
辅助电阻器5与储能电容器3并联电连接，以在由于负载出现故障或其电连接损坏而无法对负载供电时使储能电容器3放电。辅助电阻器4可以具有合适的电阻值，以在到负载1的电连接和负载1本身工作时不会使储能电容器3显著地放电，但在负载1故障的情况下使储能电容器3安全地放电。根据一方面，辅助电阻器5具有包括在150KΩ至500KΩ之间的电阻值。
在另一条电流路径A中，存在开关继电器7，开关继电器7具有：励磁线圈，该励磁线圈连接在AC输入端子之间，并且被配置成每当向电路径A和B从其出发的AC输入端子施加AC电压时被通电；以及至少一个内部开关，该至少一个内部开关由励磁线圈控制并且被配置成在励磁线圈未被通电时将电力供应电路的中间端子T连接至两个DC输出端子之一。
两个电流路径A和B都同时被供电，或者都被输入开关9断开，输入开关9被配置成将AC输入端子中的至少一个连接至AC电源/从AC电源断开。当输入开关9闭合时，AC至DC转换器被通电，并且因此储能电容器3被整流DC电压充电，并且同时，开关继电器7的励磁线圈吸引继电器7的开关，以保持中间端子T断开。当输入开关9断开时，则AC至DC转换器不被通电，并且因此储能电容器3与电源端子10断开并且继电器7的开关被释放。
电力供应电路还包括至少一个驱动单元4，至少一个驱动单元4直接连接在电力供应电路的DC输出端子之一与相应的中间端子T之间。驱动单元4被配置成产生控制信号，该控制信号在至少一个相应的中间端子T没有断开时逻辑有效，并且该控制信号被提供给被配置成在控制信号逻辑有效时被接通的相应的至少一个输出开关2的控制端子。实际上，当输入开关9断开时，AC至DC转换器与AC电源端子10断开，并且同时，继电器7的开关将中间端子T连接在电力供应电路的两个DC输出端子之间的电流路径中。在该配置中，驱动单元4产生逻辑有效的控制信号，并且输出开关2将相应的负载1连接成通过DC输出端子被供电，从而允许存储在储能电容器3中的电荷流过负载1。
当输入开关9闭合时，储能电容器3由AC电源电压充电，例如，具有如图3中通过示例示出的时间曲线。在该充电阶段期间，负载1与储能电容器3断开，并且因此负载1与AC电源端子10断开。如仅作为示例的图4的时间图中所示，当输入开关9断开时，储能电容器3与AC电源端子10断开，并且输出开关2将负载1连接至DC输出端子，因此负载1被电压脉冲供电。因此，使用权利要求1中限定的电力供应电路，负载1被从相对高电压开始的放电脉冲供电，但负载1从不直接连接至AC电源端子10，因此容易满足关于不能通过到相对高电压线的直接连接供电的电负载1的安全要求。
根据一方面，AC电源的端子10处于包括在220V至240V AC之间的电压。
通常，驱动单元4可以是能够在相应的中间端子T没有断开时产生逻辑有效的控制信号的任何电路块。根据图2a和图2b中描绘的可选方面，至少一个驱动单元4是直接连接在DC输出端子与相应的中间端子T之间的电阻分压器，其中，控制信号是在电阻分压器的中间端子处提供的电压。仅作为示例，电阻分压器4包括与输出开关2共享连接节点的第一电阻4a和直接连接至中间节点T的第二电阻4b，第一电阻4a具有包括在5KΩ至10KΩ之间的值，第二电阻4b具有包括在400KΩ至450KΩ的值。
根据可选方面，图2a和图2b中描绘的驱动单元4以及作为示例的电阻分压器4从一侧连接至储能电容器3的负DC输出端子，并且从另一侧连接至中间端子T。
输出开关2可以是当控制信号有效时闭合并且当控制信号逻辑无效时断开的任何受控开关。仅作为示例，至少一个输出开关2可以是功能上被连接成在控制信号逻辑有效时被接通的晶闸管。
本公开内容的电力供应电路可以被配置成通过以下来对多个负载1供电：提供直接连接在DC输出端子与相应的多个中间端子T之间的多个驱动单元4，其中，多个驱动单元4全部被配置成产生相应的多个控制信号，所述相应的多个控制信号在相应的中间端子T没有断开时为全部逻辑有效的；提供多个输出开关2，所述多个输出开关2被配置成在相应的多个控制信号逻辑有效时被接通，并且被配置成连接要由所述DC输出端子供电的相应的多个负载1；以及提供包括多个内部开关的开关继电器7，所述多个内部开关全部由相同励磁线圈控制并且被配置成在励磁线圈未被通电时将多个中间端子T连接至DC输出端子。
本公开内容的电力供应电路可以用于实现用于对一个或更多个负载1供电的致动器，其中，负载1包括在压电装置与形状记忆合金(SMA)部件之间选择的至少一种智能材料。
根据一方面，负载1包括至少一个SMA线材，其可以由Ni-Ti合金制成，例如包括选自Hf、Pt、Cu、Nb中的一种或更多种元素的类型。
根据一方面，SMA线材具有包括在76μm至350μm之间的直径。
使用本公开内容的电力供应电路，可以实现适合于在包括在1ms至100ms之间优选地5ms至25ms之间的时间间隔内激活压电部件或SMA部件的致动器。

Claims (8)

1.一种电力供应电路，包括：
AC至DC电压转换器(3，5，6，8)，所述AC至DC电压转换器(3，5，6，8)具有AC输入端子和DC输出端子，其中，所述AC至DC电压转换器(3，5，6，8)被配置成接收所述AC输入端子上的AC电源电压以在所述DC输出端子上产生相应的整流DC电压，其中，所述AC至DC电压转换器(3，5，6，8)包括：储能电容器(3)，所述储能电容器(3)功能上连接在所述DC输出端子之间以保持所述整流DC电压；以及输入电容器(8)，所述输入电容器(8)功能上连接在全波二极管桥式整流器(6)与所述AC输入端子中的AC输入端子之间，以限制由所述全波二极管桥式整流器(6)吸收的AC电流；以及电阻器(5)，所述电阻器(5)与所述储能电容器(3)并联电连接，以在由于负载出现故障或所述负载的电连接损坏而无法对所述负载供电时使所述储能电容器(3)放电。；
至少输入开关(9)，所述至少输入开关(9)被配置成将所述AC输入端子中的至少一个AC输入端子与AC电源连接/断开；
至少一个驱动单元(4)，所述至少一个驱动单元(4)直接连接在所述电力供应电路的所述DC输出端子中的第一DC输出端子与至少一个相应的中间端子(T)之间，所述至少一个驱动单元(4)被配置成产生控制信号，所述控制信号在所述至少一个相应的中间端子(T)未被断开时逻辑有效；
至少一个输出开关(2)，所述至少一个输出开关(2)被配置成在所述控制信号逻辑有效时被接通并且被配置成连接要由所述DC输出端子供电的相应的至少一个负载(1)；
开关继电器(7)，所述开关继电器(7)具有：励磁线圈，所述励磁线圈连接在所述AC输入端子之间并且被配置成每当向所述AC输入端子施加AC电压时被通电；以及至少一个内部开关，所述至少一个内部开关由所述励磁线圈控制并且被配置成在所述励磁线圈未被通电时将所述至少一个相应的中间端子(T)连接至所述DC输出端子中的第二DC输出端子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电力供应电路，其中，所述至少一个驱动单元(4)是直接连接在所述第一DC输出端子与所述至少一个相应的中间端子(T)之间的电阻分压器，其中，在所述电阻分压器的中间端子处提供所述控制信号。
3.根据前述权利要求之一所述的电力供应电路，其中，所述全波二极管桥式整流器(6)功能上连接在所述AC输入端子与所述DC输出端子之间，以产生作为所述AC电源电压的整流副本的所述整流DC电压。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的电力供应电路，还包括与所述储能电容器(3)并联电连接的辅助电阻器(5)。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的电力供应电路，其中，所述至少一个输出开关(2)是功能上被连接成在所述控制信号逻辑有效时被接通的晶闸管。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的电力供应电路，包括：
多个驱动单元(4)，所述多个驱动单元(4)直接连接在所述第一DC输出端子与所述相应的多个中间端子(T)之间，所述多个驱动单元(4)被配置成产生相应的多个控制信号，所述相应的多个控制信号在所述相应的多个中间端子(T)未被断开时全部是逻辑有效的。
多个输出开关(2)，所述多个输出开关(2)被配置成在所述相应的多个控制信号逻辑有效时被接通并且被配置成连接要由所述DC输出端子供电的相应的多个负载(1)；
其中，所述开关继电器(7)包括多个内部开关，所述多个内部开关全部由所述励磁线圈控制并且被配置成在所述励磁线圈未被通电时将所述相应的多个中间端子(T)连接至所述第二DC输出端子。
7.一种致动器，包括：
前述权利要求之一所述的电力供应电路，以及
至少一个负载(1)，所述至少一个负载(1)包括在压电装置与形状记忆合金(SMA)部件之间选择的至少一种智能材料。
8.一种从AC电源对负载供电的方法，包括：
提供并且安装根据权利要求1至6之一所述的电力供应电路；
将负载(1)连接至所述电力供应电路的输出开关(2)；
通过闭合所述输入开关(9)将所述电力供应电路的AC至DC电压转换器(3，5，6，8)连接至所述AC电源以对功能上连接在所述电力供应电路的DC输出端子之间的储能电容器(3)充电，并且同时断开所述输出开关(2)以将所述负载(1)与所述储能电容器(3)断开；
通过断开所述输入开关(9)将所述电力供应电路的AC至DC电压转换器(3，5，6，8)与所述AC电源断开，并且同时闭合所述输出开关(2)以通过使所述储能电容器(3)放电来对所述负载(1)供电。
CN202280062604.1A 2021-09-29 2022-09-28 电力供应电路、相关致动器以及对负载供电的方法 Pending CN117957368A (zh)

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