CN117947127A - Preparation method and application of sophorolipid with specific functional structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of sophorolipid with a specific functional structure, and discloses a specific extraction method which comprises fermentation culture, standing layering, separation and purification to obtain 6 sophorolipids with different configurations, wherein the sophorolipids with specific configuration are monoacetylacrylic acid type sophorolipids and diacetylacrylic acid type sophorolipids, and the proportion of the sophorolipids with specific configuration is greatly improved compared with the traditional extraction method; the sophorolipid with specific configuration has outstanding relieving and itching relieving functions, and the effects of relieving and itching relieving of the product can be improved by improving the extraction method and increasing the proportion of the sophorolipid with specific configuration in the sophorolipid extract or refining the sophorolipid with specific configuration and adding the sophorolipid into the product with the relieving and itching relieving functions.

Description

Preparation method and application of sophorolipid with specific functional structure

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of biosurfactants, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of sophorolipid with a specific functional structure.

Background

Sophorolipids (Sophorolipids, SLs), which are a class of glycolipid biosurfactants mainly produced by fermentation of bumblebee candida (Candida bombicola) by using grease and sugar as carbon sources, are one of the biosurfactants with the most application potential at present. The natural sophorolipid is not only an excellent and safe surfactant, but also has the general performances of solubilization, emulsification, wetting, foaming, dispersion, surface tension reduction and the like of the conventional surfactant, and is also found to have a plurality of physiological and biochemical effects, such as antibacterial property, relieving function, oil control function and the like; based on the characteristics of no toxicity, 100% biodegradability, temperature resistance, high salt resistance, wide pH range and environmental friendliness, the modified starch can be applied to various fields of home care, energy environment protection, foods, medicines, cosmetics and the like, and the purpose of partially or completely replacing chemically synthesized surfactants is achieved.

Sophorolipids are composed of two parts, hydrophilic sophorose and hydrophobic saturated or unsaturated long-chain hydroxy fatty acids, there are more than 20 primary structures and more than 100 secondary structures, one major configuration difference of natural sophorolipids is lactone or acid, this difference being mainly whether the carboxyl group at the end of the sophorolipid fatty acid side chain remains free or forms a lactone with the hydroxyl group of the sugar ring side chain. Sophorolipids of different structures have different physicochemical properties, for example, deacetylation of the side chains of the glycocyclic chains of sophorolipid molecules can significantly increase the hydrophilic properties of sophorolipids; the PH sensitivity of acid type sophorolipids is higher than that of lactone type sophorolipids; however, the structure-activity research on sophorolipids is not yet so much, more sophorolipids are utilized in the prior art, and more sophorolipids are utilized in the natural acid type and lactone type sophorolipids, for example, patent CN115475126B discloses a composition with both oil control and soothing effects and application thereof, and the extracted lactone type sophorolipids are applied to cosmetics with the oil control and soothing effects, so that the effects of inhibiting sebum secretion and inhibiting inflammatory factor expression can be achieved; patent CN113151020B discloses a feed fermentation method of high acid-producing sophorolipid, which can selectively produce high acid-producing sophorolipid, so that the proportion of the acid-producing sophorolipid in the product is stabilized at about 80%; acid type sophorolipids have the ability to reduce surface activity, but currently, sophorolipids of a specific configuration having a function other than surface activity reduction are not well known, and thus, finding a sophorolipid configuration which is more prominent in functionality and better in efficacy is an important development direction for researchers in this field.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problem of insufficient research on sophorolipids with specific configurations and with antipruritic and soothing functions in the technology, the invention provides a preparation method and application of sophorolipids with specific functional structures.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for preparing sophorolipid with a specific functional structure, comprising the steps of:

Taking candida as a production strain, taking vegetable oil and grease as a fermentation substrate, and fermenting to produce the sophorolipid surfactant; after fermentation, separating and purifying the fermentation product and collecting sophorolipids of various configurations;

wherein the plant oil comprises arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid ester;

the method for enriching the fermentation substrate with the arachidonic acid and the arachidonic acid ester comprises the following steps:

(1) Directly adding arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid ester in the fermentation process;

(2) The plant oil rich in the arachidonic acid and the arachidonic acid ester is selected and enriched in the fermentation process by an enrichment mode.

Further, the arachidonic acid ester is methyl arachidonate.

Further, in the fermentation product, comprises monoacetylacrylic acid type sophorolipid and diacetyl arachidonic acid type sophorolipids.

Further, the sophorolipid of each component is collected as follows:

Separating and purifying the fermentation product to obtain a sophorolipid primary product; and separating and purifying the sophorolipid primary product by a preparative liquid chromatograph, collecting sophorolipid solution components of each configuration, distilling under reduced pressure, concentrating and drying to obtain sophorolipid solution finished products of different configurations.

The invention also provides application of the sophorolipid with a specific functional structure prepared by the method in products for relieving and relieving itching, wherein the products comprise one or more of shampoo, scalp care product and medicines.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

(1) Through common fermentation substrates, conventional fermentation methods and simple operation steps, under the condition of not increasing production cost, can significantly improve monoacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetylacetportion and the bisis the ratio of the aceto-arachidonic acid type sophorolipid in the fermentation product, acetylarachidonic acid type sophorose the ratio of fat in the fermentation product,

(2) The ratio of the sophorolipid in the configuration of the arachidonic acid to the sophorolipid obtained by the total fermentation can be effectively improved by a method for enriching the arachidonic acid and the arachidonic acid ester or a method for directly adding the arachidonic acid and the arachidonic acid ester, and the ratio of the sophorolipid in the configuration of the arachidonic acid to the sophorolipid obtained by the total fermentation can be improved by approximately 10 times compared with the fermentation method in the prior art by the method.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general molecular formula of the natural sophorolipids of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a mass spectrum of a molecular fragment of diacetyl linoleate (configuration 1) of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a mass spectrum of a molecular fragment of diacetyl oleic acid type sophorolipid (configuration 2) of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a mass spectrum of monoacetylacrylic acid-type sophorolipid (configuration 3) molecular fragments of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a mass spectrum of diacetyl arachidonic acid type sophorolipid (configuration 4) molecular fragments of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a mass spectrum of diacetyl eicosanoid type sophorolipid (configuration 5) molecular fragments of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a mass spectrum of a molecular fragment of diacetyl oleic acid lactone type sophorolipid (configuration 6) of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the cytotoxicity trend of sophorolipids of different configurations according to the present invention at different concentrations;

FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of the effect of different configurations of sophorolipids of the invention on inflammatory factor IL-6;

FIG. 10 is a chromatogram of the primary product of sophorolipid obtained in example 1 and example 6 of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a preparation method of the invention.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to fig. 1-11 for a more clear description of the invention.

In the following description, example details are given to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all embodiments of the invention. It should be understood that the detailed description is intended to illustrate the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention.

It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof.

It should be noted that: specific configurations of sophorolipids in the present invention include monoacetylacetylalkylarachidone acid type sophorolipids and diacetyl arachidonic acid type sophorolipids. Please refer to fig. 1-11.

Example 1

A preparation method of sophorolipid with a specific functional structure comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparation of a culture medium:

Seed culture medium: adding water, glucose and yeast powder to make the glucose concentration 5g/L and the yeast concentration 10g/L, adjusting pH to 5.0, sterilizing the prepared seed culture medium at 115 deg.C for 30min, and preserving for use;

Fermentation medium: adding water, glucose, yeast powder and rapeseed oil to ensure that the concentration of glucose is 100g/L, the concentration of yeast is 10g/L and the concentration of rapeseed oil is 100g/L, sterilizing the prepared fermentation medium at 115 ℃ for 30min, and preserving for later use;

(2) Seed culture:

Inoculating Candida bear peak ATCC 22214 into seed culture medium according to the proportion of one-ring lawn per 20mL, fermenting and culturing at 30deg.C and 200rpm for 48h to obtain primary seed liquid; inoculating the initial seed liquid into a new sterilized seed culture medium according to the inoculum size of 5% by volume, and fermenting and culturing for 48h at the temperature of 30 ℃ and the rotating speed of 200rpm to obtain a finished seed liquid;

(3) Fermentation culture:

Inoculating the finished seed liquid into a fermentation medium according to the inoculum size of 3% of the mass ratio, adjusting the PH value to 4.5, setting the fermentation temperature to 28 ℃, and starting fermentation; in the fermentation process, after the glucose content is lower than 20g/L, glucose liquid is fed, the glucose concentration in a fermentation tank is maintained to be not lower than 10g/L, and rapeseed oil is fed at a feeding speed of 5 g/(L.h) for 72-216 h of fermentation; stopping fermentation when fermenting for 240 h; after fermentation, heating the fermentation tank to 100 ℃ and maintaining for 5min, cooling to 15 ℃ and standing until fermentation liquid is layered;

(4) Separating:

the fermentation liquor is divided into four layers, the lowest layer is saccharomycete mud, the middle layer is sophorolipid layer, the next upper layer is fermentation liquor water solution layer, and the uppermost layer is unconverted oil layer;

collecting sophorolipid layers when each layer is slowly discharged through a liquid separation window at the bottom of the fermentation tank to obtain sophorolipid solution;

(5) Purifying:

Adding purified water twice the mass of the sophorolipid solution, stirring for 30min at 300rpm, standing for 5h for layering, and discarding the water phase; repeating the above operation for one time, adding 1% (w/w) active carbon into the obtained solution, stirring for 1h, decolorizing, removing impurities, filtering to remove active carbon, and vacuum concentrating the filtrate at 60deg.C to obtain sophorolipid primary product;

(6) Separation and identification:

The general structural formula of the natural sophorolipid is shown in figure 1, and the sophorolipid primary product is separated and purified by single component peak through Agilent 1260 Infinicity II preparative liquid chromatography; the separated sophorolipids are classified according to the type (R1) of the side chain fatty acid, are classified into diacetyl type, monoacetyl type and non-acetyltype according to the hydrogen in the acetyl or hydroxyl group of the glycosyl side chain (R2, R3), and are classified into lactone type and acid type according to whether the carboxyl group at the tail end of the R1 fatty acid and the hydroxyl group at the glycosyl side chain H1 form a lactone ring; the types, structures and ratios of the separated sophorolipids are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

The steps are carried out by enriching the arachidonic acid and the arachidonic acid ester as fermentation substrates; wherein the content of sophorolipid is 61.4% of the original sophorolipid product, and the rest is liposoluble component in culture medium, converted oil, etc. Wherein the acid type sophorolipid has a configuration of 1-5, and accounts for about 90.6% of the original sophorolipid product.

In the method, the proportion of the sophorolipid with a specific configuration in the sophorolipid primary product is selectively improved by setting the proportion of the culture medium and the feeding amount of glucose and rapeseed oil, and the proportion of the acid type sophorolipid in the sophorolipid primary product is obviously improved by the table; the preparation type liquid chromatography is used for separation, so that sophorolipids with different configurations can be collected after analysis is finished, the time cost can be greatly saved, and the operation steps are simplified.

Example 2

The different configurations of sophorolipids in example 1 were tested for cytotoxicity as follows:

HaCaT cells are selected as test cells, 100uL of each well is added in a 96-well plate at the concentration of 6.6X10 ⁴/mL of cell suspension, the culture is carried out for 24 hours, after the iron wall of the HaCaT cells is replaced, culture mediums of drugs to be tested with different concentrations are added in a mode of replacing the culture mediums (containing serum), after the culture is continued for 6 hours, 10uL of CCK-8 solution is added to each well for testing according to the method of a CCK8 kit (produced by Biyun/Beyotime, C0037) instruction, and the cell viability is determined based on the colorimetric change of WST-8 oxidation.

Wherein, the test is provided with 7 groups of dosing tests; the sophorolipids of 6 configurations isolated in example 1 are respectively numbered 1-6, and the sophorolipid primary product of the mixture of various configurations obtained in the step (5) of the example is numbered 7; adding corresponding medicaments to the groups 1-7 respectively, setting 5 parallel medicaments for each medicament concentration of each group, and setting blank control correspondingly; relative cell activity was calculated as follows:

Relative cell viability (%) = [ a (dosing) -a (blank) ]/[ a (0 dosing) -a (blank) ]100

A (dosing): absorbance of wells with cells, CCK-8 solution and drug solution

A (blank): absorbance of wells with medium and CCK-8 solution without cells

A (0 dosing): absorbance of wells with cells, CCK-8 solution without drug solution

FIG. 8 is obtained, wherein the cytotoxicity of sophorolipids of configurations 1,2,6 is similar to that of the as-spun sophorolipids, with no significant cytotoxicity (cell relative viability > 90%) below 3.125 mg/L; configuration 3,4,5 has lower sophorolipid cytotoxicity than the naive sophorolipid, and configuration 3,4,5 has no significant cytotoxicity (cell relative activity > 90%) at a concentration below 12.5 mg/L; it can be seen that the sophorolipids of configurations 3,4,5 are safer than those of configurations 1,2,6 and the as-spun sophorolipids.

Example 3

The effect of different types of sophorolipids on the expression level of the TRPV1s receptor can be tested in comparison with the effect of different types of sophorolipids on the expression level of the TRPV1s receptor in example 1 by measuring the expression level of the TRPV1mRNA in a qPCR mode by using HaCaT cells as a test cell model.

The method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) Cell culture: selecting HaCaT cells as test cells, adding the test cells and 5mLDMEM culture medium (containing 10% fetal bovine serum+1% of double antibody) into a culture flask, carrying out passage every 2-3 days, and when the cell growth fusion degree reaches 80%, using 0.25% pancreatin to digest and blow the cells uniformly; transferring the cell suspension into a 12-hole plate, uniformly mixing and standing; plating by using a 12-hole cell culture plate, wherein the cell density is 3.5X10 ⁵ cells/hole, setting the condition of an incubator to be 37 ℃ after all cells are settled, placing the incubator to culture with 5% CO ₂, and culturing for 24 hours until the cells are attached to the wall;

(2) The experimental group is set up:

blank Control (BC): haCaT cells cultured normally for 49 h;

Negative Control (NC): after cell wall-attached culture for 24 hours, adding capsicum flat (final concentration 1 umol/L) and continuing to culture (1+24) hours;

Positive control: after cell wall-attached culture for 24 hours, adding capsaicine (the final concentration is 1 umol/L) for incubation for 1 hour, and then adding capsaicin (the final concentration is 1 umol/L) for continuous culture for 24 hours;

drug addition test: cell adherence culture for 24h, adding 7 groups of 6 specific configuration sophorolipids obtained in example 1 and sophorolipid primary products (final concentration 3 mg/L) mixed by various configuration sophorolipids obtained in example 1 respectively, incubating for 1h, adding capsaicin (final concentration 1 umol/L), and continuously culturing for 24h;

(3) Extracting total RNA of cells by adopting a Trizol method, wherein the concentration of the Trizol reagent is 100-300ng/uL, reverse transcription is carried out by adopting a reverse transcription kit (purchased from Wohano Sieve), the RNA ration is about 1ug, and the reaction system is 20 mu L; 2. Mu.L of cDNA1:2 was diluted and qRT-PCR was performed, and CT values of each group are shown in Table 2:

TABLE 2

The results show that the sophorolipid primary product has no obvious effect on the up-regulation of capsaicin on the expression of TRPV 1;

sophorolipids of configuration 1, configuration 5 and configuration 6 play a promoting role in the upregulation of TRPV1 expression by capsaicin;

configuration 2 is similar to the sophorolipid primary, with no significant effect on the upregulation of capsaicin expression for TRPV 1;

sophorolipids of configuration 3 and configuration 4 play an inhibitory role in the upregulation of TRPV1 expression by capsaicin.

According to the known research, the skin phenomena such as burning, stinging, itching and the like generated by the skin are all similar to a capsaicin receptor: TRPV1 is involved, TRPV1 receptors are often expressed in nociceptive neurons, primarily involved in nociceptive signaling and pain regulation mechanisms; the TRPV1 receptor antagonist can be combined with the TRPV1 receptor, so that the induction of substances such as capsaicin and the like on the TRPV1 receptor is inhibited, sensitive skin can be effectively relieved, and the stinging and burning sensation of the sensitive skin can be inhibited. Sophorolipids of configuration 1, configuration 5, configuration 6, promote the upregulation of capsaicin expression at TRPV1 receptors, increasing skin sensitivity; however, the sophorolipids of configuration 3 and configuration 4 inhibit the up-regulation of capsaicin expression on the TRPV1 receptor, and reduce the sensitivity of skin.

Example 4

The effect of different configurations of sophorolipids on inflammatory factor release in example 1 was tested.

Adopting a Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced macrophage inflammation model as a test model, and inducing macrophage RAW264.7 to generate inflammatory factors IL-6 by using LPS (endotoxin) 1 ug/mL;

The test is provided with:

blank Control (BC): untreated macrophages;

negative control group (NC): only treated with LPS without any added functional ingredients;

positive control group (PC): treated with LPS and added with 3mg/L dexamethasone,

The experimental groups, the 6 sophorolipids with specific configuration and the sophorolipid primary products mixed by 1 sophorolipid with multiple configuration obtained in the example 1 are respectively divided into a group, seven groups are added, and after LPS treatment, the corresponding sophorolipids (the final concentration is 3 mg/L) are added into each group;

The expression level of IL-6 was measured by ELISA kit, and the results are shown in FIG. 9: the sophorolipid primary product has weak inhibition effect on IL-6, sophorolipids with 1, 2 and 6 have no obvious inhibition effect on IL-6, and sophorolipids with 5 have certain effect of down regulating the release of IL-6; configuration 3 and configuration 4 have obvious effect of relieving inflammation, which can lower the release level of inflammatory factors IL-6.

Example 5

The itching relieving effect of sophorolipids of different conformations was tested by using histamine phosphate-induced guinea pig itching model as test model to test for itching inhibition. The test method is as follows:

(1) Preparation of guinea pigs with pruritus model: selecting clean guinea pigs with body mass of 250-280g and male and female half, shearing the right back instep of the guinea pigs 48h before the experiment, and dehairing with dehairing agent, wherein the dehairing skin area is about 1cm < 2 >; after the experiment is started, the skin at the hairless part of the guinea pig is gently scratched by fine sand paper to make the hairless part red, 30 mu L of 0.05% histamine phosphate is smeared at the wound part of each guinea pig to the extent that the hairless part does not bleed, whether the guinea pig has pruritus reaction (namely, the action of licking the wound part of the right hind foot) within 30 minutes is observed, and the operation is repeated until the pruritus reaction occurs;

(2) Test grouping:

Grouping the prepared guinea pigs, wherein each group comprises 4 male and female half;

blank control: the right back instep of the guinea pig is not treated;

negative control: physiological saline is smeared on the right back of the guinea pig;

positive control: coating dexamethasone cream on the right back of the guinea pig;

Test group: the coated drugs were respectively 6 sophorolipids of specific configuration and 1 sophorolipid primary product of multi-configuration mixture obtained in example 1, divided into seven groups; each group is coated with a configuration emulsion containing 2% (w/w) of the corresponding sophorolipid;

When the pruritus model guinea pig shows pruritus reaction, namely licking the wound surface part of the right foot, recording the times of pruritus reaction within 30min, and calculating the pruritus inhibition rate according to a formula:

Pruritus inhibition ratio= (number of pruritus reactions _{Blank control} -number of pruritus reactions _{Test group} )/number of pruritus reactions _{Blank control}

The test results are shown in Table 3: TABLE 3 Table 3

Test group	Number of pruritus (30 min)	The pruritus inhibition rate is%
			Blank control	154±33	-
Negative control (normal saline)	165±38	-7.14％
			Positive control (dexamethasone cream)	95±25	38.31％
2% Sophorolipid emulsion	146±30	5.19％
			2% Configuration 1 sophorolipid emulsion	163±31	-5.84％
2% Configuration 2 sophorolipid emulsion	170±12	-10.39％
			2% Configuration 3 sophorolipid emulsion	92±25	40.26％
2% Configuration 4 sophorolipid emulsion	105	31.82％
			2% Configuration 5 sophorolipid emulsion	137	11.04％
2% Configuration 6 sophorolipid emulsion	177	-14.94％

It can be seen that the sophorolipid primary product and the sophorolipid of configuration 5 have no obvious effect of inhibiting itch; the sophorolipids of configuration 1, configuration 2 and configuration 6 have a slight promoting effect on itching similar to the negative control, while the sophorolipids of configuration 3 and configuration 4 have a remarkable inhibiting effect on itching, and the inhibiting effect of configuration 3 is even greater than that of dexamethasone cream, so that the sophorolipids have great potential for adding to antipruritic products.

As can be seen from examples 1 to 5, the difference in the effects of the sophorolipids of different configurations in the sophorolipid primary product is large, and the sophorolipids of different configurations may even have opposite effects, which may be a major cause of insignificant efficacy of the antipruritic and soothing products added with the sophorolipids; the sophorolipids of the configuration 3 and the configuration 4 have the functions of reducing the cell sensitivity and down regulating the release of IL-6 inflammatory factors, have better antipruritic effect, and particularly the sophorolipid of the configuration 3 has remarkable antipruritic effect, and the sophorolipids of the configuration 3 and the configuration 4 have good application prospect, and the product added with the sophorolipids of the configuration 3 and the configuration 4 as main functional components has great market potential.

Example 6

As a modification of example 1, in the fermentation in the step (3), the feeding rate of rapeseed oil was changed to 4 g/(L.h), and methyl arachidonate was simultaneously fed while feeding rapeseed oil in a fed-batch amount of 1 g/(L.h). The composition of sophorolipid HPLC-MS obtained in example 1 and example 6 is shown in FIG. 10:

The retention time of the sophorolipid of configuration 4 (diacetyl arachidonic acid type) was 6.56min, and the sophorolipid of configuration 4 was 36% higher than that of example 1 in the sophorolipid primary product prepared by the method of example 6.

Repeating the itching inhibition test in example 5 on the sophorolipid primary product obtained in example 6, the itching inhibition rate of the sophorolipid primary product in example 6 is improved by 35.6% compared with that in example 1, which is far higher than that obtained in example 1; therefore, the proportion of sophorolipid in the fermentation product can be increased by directly adding methyl arachidonate.

The invention has the advantages that:

1) The preparation method of the sophorolipid with the specific configuration is disclosed, so that the ratio of the sophorolipid with the specific configuration in the sophorolipid extract can be effectively improved, and the relieving and itching-relieving effects of the sophorolipid extract can be effectively improved;

2) The structure of sophorolipid with a specific configuration is disclosed, and the significance of the efficacy is confirmed through experiments; the sophorolipid with a specific configuration has small cytotoxicity, can obviously reduce the sensitivity of cells and inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors, has obvious effect of inhibiting itch, and has great market potential for developing corresponding skin care products, shampoos and medicines.

The above disclosure is only a few specific embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes that can be thought by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method for preparing sophorolipid with a specific functional structure, comprising the steps of:

Taking candida as a production strain, taking vegetable oil and grease as a fermentation substrate, and fermenting to produce the sophorolipid surfactant; after fermentation, separating and purifying the fermentation product and collecting sophorolipids of various configurations;

wherein the plant oil comprises arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid ester;

the method for enriching the fermentation substrate with the arachidonic acid and the arachidonic acid ester comprises the following steps:

(1) Directly adding arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid ester in the fermentation process;

(2) The plant oil rich in the arachidonic acid and the arachidonic acid ester is selected and enriched in the fermentation process by an enrichment mode.

2. The method for producing sophorolipids with specific functional structures according to claim 1, wherein the arachidonic acid esters are methyl esters of arachidonic acid.

3. The method for producing sophorolipid having a specific functional structure according to claim 1, wherein: the fermentation product comprises monoacetylacrylic acid type sophorolipid and diacetylacrylic acid type sophorolipid.

4. The method for producing sophorolipids with specific functional structures according to claim 1, wherein the step of collecting sophorolipids of each component is as follows:

Separating and purifying the fermentation product to obtain a sophorolipid primary product; and separating and purifying the sophorolipid primary product by a preparative liquid chromatograph, collecting sophorolipid solution components of each configuration, distilling under reduced pressure, concentrating and drying to obtain sophorolipid solution finished products of different configurations.

5. Use of sophorolipids with specific functional structures, obtained according to the method of any one of claims 1-4, in products with soothing and antipruritic functions.

6. The use of sophorolipids with specific functional structures according to claim 5, characterized in that said products comprise one or several of head care products, pharmaceutical products.