CN117912915A - Composite fuse power-off connection structure and battery pack - Google Patents
Composite fuse power-off connection structure and battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN117912915A CN117912915A CN202410294801.7A CN202410294801A CN117912915A CN 117912915 A CN117912915 A CN 117912915A CN 202410294801 A CN202410294801 A CN 202410294801A CN 117912915 A CN117912915 A CN 117912915A
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- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a composite fusing electric connection structure and a battery pack, wherein the composite fusing electric connection structure comprises an insulating body, a first fusing unit and a second fusing unit; the first fusing unit comprises a first conductor, a second conductor and a first fusing structure; one end of the first conductor is arranged in the first conductor accommodating part, and one end of the second conductor is arranged in the second conductor accommodating part; the first fusing structure is arranged in the fusing channel; the two sides of the first fusing structure are respectively in thermal communication with and electrically connected with the first conductor and the second conductor; the first end of the first channel and the first end of the second channel of the insulating body are respectively communicated with two ends of the fusing channel; the insulating body is internally provided with a containing cavity; the second fusing unit comprises a second fusing structure and a parallel conductor; one end of the second fusing structure is electrically connected with the first conductor or the second conductor, and the other end of the second fusing structure is electrically connected with the parallel conductor; the second fusing structure includes a safety valve; the safety valve is capable of closing the second passage in a non-blown state of the second fuse structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power batteries, in particular to a composite fusing electric connection structure and a battery pack.
Background
The whole thermal runaway of the battery pack is caused by the thermal runaway of a certain single battery, and is one of the main reasons for secondary disasters caused by the explosion of the battery pack; the method is characterized in that measures are implemented on the thermal runaway phenomenon of the single battery as soon as possible so as to realize early discovery and early isolation, reduce the thermal influence of the single battery on the peripheral normal single battery and slow down the speed increase of the thermal runaway process of the single battery, and the method is a technical problem which is urgently needed to be solved in the industry.
The current approach to isolating thermal runaway batteries mainly includes:
1. When a certain battery in the parallel circuit is in thermal runaway, a normal battery connected in parallel with the battery can flow back current to the thermal runaway battery through the parallel circuit, and the suddenly increased parallel current can fuse the overcurrent fusing device electrically connected with the thermal runaway battery, so that the thermal runaway battery is electrically isolated in the parallel circuit;
2. and when the thermal runaway battery is overheated due to superposition of external series current by internal short-circuit current, heat can be fused by the series bus to be electrically connected with the thermal runaway battery over-temperature fusing device, so that the thermal runaway battery is electrically isolated in a parallel-series circuit.
To realize complete electrical isolation of the thermal runaway battery in the series-parallel array, namely, form a 'thermal runaway battery island', the acceleration influence of the parallel circuit/series circuit on the thermal runaway process of the thermal runaway battery is blocked, and two different fusing devices are required to be simultaneously connected, so that more connecting assemblies and complicated connecting processes are caused, and the two fusing devices are combined into one comprehensive fusing device in the industry, and two functions can be simultaneously realized; in order to ensure that the temperature fusing device only plays a role in protecting the overheat fusing after being connected into the serial circuit and the battery in the serial circuit works normally, the early failure of the fusing device caused by external temperature factors is avoided, and the temperature fusing device is also a technical problem which needs to be solved in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a composite fuse-break connection structure and a battery pack, and aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
In one aspect, the invention provides a composite fusing electrical connection structure, which comprises an insulating body, a first fusing unit and a second fusing unit;
The first fusing unit comprises a first conductor, a second conductor and a first fusing structure; a first conductor accommodating channel is arranged in the insulating body; the first conductor accommodating channel comprises a fusing channel, and a first conductor accommodating part and a second conductor accommodating part which are positioned at two sides of the fusing channel; one end of the first conductor is arranged in the first conductor accommodating part and is in sealing connection with the first conductor accommodating part, and one end of the second conductor is arranged in the second conductor accommodating part and is in sealing connection with the second conductor accommodating part; the other ends of the first conductor and the second conductor are used for series electric connection of batteries;
The first fusing structure is arranged in the fusing channel; the two sides of the first fusing structure are respectively in thermal communication with the first conductor and the second conductor and are electrically connected with each other for over-temperature fusing between the first conductor and the second conductor;
The insulating body also comprises a first channel and a second channel; the first end of the first channel and the first end of the second channel are respectively communicated with two ends of the fusing channel; the insulating body is internally provided with an accommodating cavity capable of accommodating the first fusing structure; the accommodating cavity is communicated with the second end of the first channel;
The second fusing unit comprises a second fusing structure capable of overcurrent fusing and a parallel conductor; one end of the second fusing structure is electrically connected with the first conductor or the second conductor, and the other end of the second fusing structure is electrically connected with the parallel conductor; the parallel conductors are used for parallel electrical connection of the batteries; the second fusing structure includes a safety valve; the safety valve is capable of closing the second channel in a non-blown state of the second fuse structure, the first fuse structure being capable of maintaining an electrical connection between the first conductor and the second conductor when the safety valve closes the second channel; the safety valve can open the second channel when the second fusing structure is in overcurrent fusing, so that the second channel positioned on the inner side of the safety valve is exposed to a pressure environment higher than the pressure in the accommodating cavity, and the melted first fusing structure can flow into the accommodating cavity under the action of pressure difference to cut off the electric connection between the first conductor and the second conductor.
In the composite fusing electric connection structure, a spacing space is arranged between the safety valve and the first end of the second channel; the pressure in the interval space is equal to the pressure in the accommodating cavity.
In the composite fusing electric connection structure, the second end of the second channel is communicated with the outside; the pressure in the accommodating cavity is less than one atmosphere.
In the composite fusing electric connection structure, the invention further comprises a cleaning block;
The cleaning block is arranged in the second channel; the cleaning block has elasticity and can elastically abut against the inner wall of the second channel to seal the second channel; when the first fusing structure is in a molten state and the safety valve opens the second channel, the cleaning block can move in the second channel and the fusing channel under the action of pressure difference, or move in the second channel, the fusing channel and the first channel under the action of pressure difference, so as to push the molten first fusing structure into the accommodating cavity.
In the composite fusing electric connection structure, the cleaning block is clamped between the safety valve and the first fusing structure, and the cleaning block is made of an insulating material.
In the composite fusing electric connection structure of the present invention, the safety valve and the first fusing structure clamp the cleaning block; the pressure in the space between the safety valve and the first fusing structure is equal to the pressure in the accommodating cavity, and the safety valve and the first fusing structure are both in vacuum.
In the composite fusing electrical connection structure of the present invention, the cleaning block has a compressed state and a free state; the cleaning block is in the compressed state in the fusing channel, the second channel and the first channel, and is in the free state in the accommodating cavity, so that the cleaning block expands to seal the channel opening of the first channel after entering the accommodating cavity.
In the composite fusing electric connection structure, the second channel and the fusing channel are in smooth transition; or a smooth transition between the second channel, the fusing channel, and the first channel.
In the composite fusing electric connection structure, the second fusing structure and the parallel conductors are of strip-shaped sheet structures, and the second fusing structure comprises a connection section and a fusing section with the width smaller than that of the connection section; the fuse section includes the safety valve; the parallel conductors are the same width as the connecting sections.
In the composite fusing electric connection structure of the present invention, the connection section and the fusing section are plural in number, and the connection section and the fusing section are alternately arranged.
In the composite fuse electrical connection structure of the present invention, the connection section and/or the parallel conductors can be folded in the width direction to reduce the width occupied thereby.
In the composite fuse electrical connection structure of the present invention, the second fuse structure is located within the insulating body.
In the composite fusing electric connection structure, a communication port is arranged between the first channel and the fusing channel, and the communication port is positioned on the top surface of the fusing channel.
In the composite fusing electric connection structure, the inner wall of the first channel is provided with the heat conductor, heat conduction can be carried out between the heat conductor and the first fusing structure, and the melting point of the heat conductor is larger than that of the first fusing structure.
In the composite fuse electrical connection structure of the present invention, the heat conductor includes an arch structure having a certain height along the extending direction of the first channel.
In the composite fuse electrical connection structure of the present invention, the first fuse structure is configured to fill the fuse channel.
In the composite fusing electric connection structure, a third fusing structure is filled in the second channel;
The third fusing structure is arranged between the safety valve and the first fusing structure, the third fusing structure in a non-melting state seals the second channel, the end part of the third fusing structure can conduct heat with the first fusing structure, and the melting point of the third fusing structure is higher than that of the first fusing structure.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a battery pack, which includes a plurality of unit cells, a plurality of composite fuse electrical connection structures described above, a first bus bar, and a second bus bar;
Each single battery comprises a first pole and a second pole; the plurality of single batteries are arranged in an array to form a battery pack comprising a plurality of battery rows;
The first and second conductors of the composite fuse-break electrical connection structure between the first and second poles of the adjacent single batteries between the battery rows are electrically connected in series;
adjacent single batteries in the battery row are electrically connected in parallel through the parallel conductors adjacent to the composite fuse-break connection structure;
The first pole of the single battery positioned in the first battery row and the second pole of the adjacent single battery positioned in the adjacent battery row are electrically connected in series through the first conductor and the second conductor of the composite fuse-break electrical connection structure; the second poles of the single batteries in the battery row of the first row are electrically connected in parallel through the first bus bar and output; and the first poles of the single batteries or the first conductors or the second conductors in the battery rows at the tail row are electrically connected in parallel through the second bus bars and output.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
The invention mainly provides a composite fusing electric connection structure, which is based on a serial fusing structure which can electrically connect batteries in series between a first conductor, a first fusing structure and a second conductor of a first fusing unit, wherein the parallel fusing structure which can realize parallel connection between the batteries is formed by the second fusing structure of the second fusing unit and a parallel conductor, and the parallel conductor and the first conductor or the second conductor are respectively connected by the second fusing structure, so that the serial fusing and the parallel fusing are combined, the serial fusing and the parallel fusing can be realized simultaneously, the structure is simple, and the access process is simple when the composite fusing electric connection structure is applied; and, form the relief valve based on the second fusing structure in the second passageway, when the relief valve seals the second passageway, can restrict fused first fusing structure and get into and hold the chamber to keep the electricity to first conductor and second conductor and connect, the relief valve is opened and is made the second passageway expose in the environment that is higher than holding chamber pressure, and fused first fusing structure just can get into and hold the chamber, from this, has avoided the early inefficacy of first fusing structure because of external environment temperature leads to.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments are briefly described below to form a part of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the description thereof illustrate the present invention and do not constitute undue limitations of the present invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a composite fuse electrical connection structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite fuse electrical connection structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first conductor, a second conductor, a first fuse structure, and a second fuse unit connection structure of the composite fuse electrical connection structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a composite fuse electrical connection structure of the present invention with a cleaning block;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 5A in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a composite fuse electrical connection structure of the present invention with a cleaning block and a third fuse structure;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the battery pack of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the battery pack of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the battery pack of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
A. The composite fusing electric connection structure comprises an insulating body; 11. a first conductor receiving channel; 111. a fusing channel; 112. a first conductor accommodating section; 113. a second conductor accommodating section; 12. a first channel; 13. a second channel; 131. a through port; 14. a receiving chamber; 2. a first fusing unit; 21. a first fusing structure; 22. a first conductor; 23. a second conductor; 3. a second fusing unit; 31. a second fusing structure; 311. a safety valve; 312. a connection section; 313. a fuse section; 32. a parallel conductor; 4. cleaning the block; 5. a heat conductor; 6. a third fusing structure; B. a single battery; C. a first bus bar; D. and a second bus bar.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention and corresponding drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the term "or" is generally employed in its sense including "and/or" unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; the magnetic connection can be mechanical connection or magnetic connection; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, in the description of the present application, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the application provides a composite fuse-break connection structure and a battery pack.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a composite fuse electrical connection structure, as shown in fig. 1,2, 3 and 4, which includes an insulating body 1, a first fuse unit 2 and a second fuse unit 3; the first fusing unit 2 includes a first conductor 22, a second conductor 23, and a first fusing structure 21; a first conductor accommodating passage 11 is provided in the insulating body 1; the first conductor accommodating channel 11 includes a fusing channel 111, and a first conductor accommodating part 112 and a second conductor accommodating part 113 located at both sides of the fusing channel 111; one end of the first conductor 22 is arranged in the first conductor accommodating part 112 and is in sealing connection with the first conductor accommodating part 112, and one end of the second conductor 23 is arranged in the second conductor accommodating part 113 and is in sealing connection with the second conductor accommodating part 113; the other ends of the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23 are used for series electrical connection of the batteries; the material of the insulating body 1 can be selected from high temperature resistant plastics such as PE (Polyethylene), PP (Polypropylene) and PS (Polystyrene ).
The first fusing structure 21 is disposed in the fusing channel 111; the two sides of the first fusing structure 21 are respectively and electrically connected with the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23 for over-temperature fusing between the two; a first channel 12 and a second channel 13 also included in the insulating body 1; the first end of the first channel 12 and the first end of the second channel 13 are respectively communicated with two ends of the fusing channel 111; the insulating body 1 has a housing chamber 14 therein capable of housing the first fusing structure 21; the receiving chamber 14 communicates with the second end of the first passage 12.
The second fusing unit 3 includes a second fusing structure 31 and a parallel conductor 32 capable of overcurrent fusing; one end of the second fusing structure 31 is electrically connected to the first conductor 22 or the second conductor 23, and the other end is electrically connected to the parallel conductor 32; the parallel conductors 32 are used for parallel electrical connection of the cells; the second fusing structure 31 includes a relief valve 311; the safety valve 311 is capable of closing the second channel 13 in the non-fused state of the second fusing structure 31, and the first fusing structure 21 is capable of maintaining an electrical connection between the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23 when the safety valve 311 closes the second channel 13; the relief valve 311 is capable of opening the second passage 13 when the second fusing structure 31 is excessively fused, so that the second passage 13 located inside the relief valve 311 is exposed to a pressure environment higher than the pressure in the accommodating chamber 14, which may be an atmospheric pressure environment or an external pressure system; the melted first fusing structure 21 is able to flow into the accommodating chamber 14 under the effect of the pressure difference to sever the electrical connection between the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23; when the safety valve 311 is opened, the fusing passage 111 and the accommodating cavity 14 can be communicated with the outside, and when the safety valve 311 closes the second passage 13, the fusing passage 111 and the accommodating cavity 14 in the safety valve 311 form a closed space; since the second fusing structure 31 is over-current fusing, the melting point thereof is much higher than that of the first fusing structure 21.
According to the composite fusing electric connection structure, based on the fact that a serial fusing structure capable of electrically connecting batteries in series is formed among the first conductor 22, the first fusing structure 21 and the second conductor 23 of the first fusing unit 2, the parallel fusing structure capable of realizing parallel connection among the batteries can be formed by the second fusing structure 31 and the parallel conductor 32 of the second fusing unit 3, and the parallel conductor 32 and the first conductor 22 or the second conductor 23 are respectively connected by the second fusing structure 31, so that serial fusing and parallel fusing are combined, serial fusing and parallel fusing can be simultaneously realized, the structure is simple, and an access process is simple when the composite fusing electric connection structure is applied; and, based on the second fusing structure 31 forming the safety valve 311 in the second passage 13, when the safety valve 311 closes the second passage 13, it is possible to restrict the melted first fusing structure 21 from entering the accommodating chamber 14 to maintain the electrical connection to the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23, and when the safety valve 311 is opened such that the second passage 13 is exposed to an environment higher than the pressure of the accommodating chamber 14, the melted first fusing structure 21 can enter the accommodating chamber 14, thereby avoiding early failure of the first fusing structure 21 due to the external environment temperature.
In some preferred embodiments, the first fusing structure 21 is a low melting point metal, such as a melting temperature in the range of 50-85 ℃; wherein, the temperature above 50 ℃ is the non-optimal working and storage temperature of the lithium battery, and 80 ℃ is the highest environmental temperature applied in a hot zone under the non-thermal management state; when thermal runaway occurs, it melts preferentially to the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23 electrically connected thereto to break the electrical connection between the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23 to achieve isolation.
In some preferred embodiments, the first fusing element 2 and the second fusing element 3 are insulated from each other except for the electrical connection point between one end of the second fusing structure 31 and the first conductor 22 or the second conductor 23; and the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23 are insulated from the battery except for the electrical connection points of the series battery.
In some preferred embodiments, when the relief valve 311 closes the second channel 13, the first fusing structure 21 is capable of maintaining an electrical connection between the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23 by controlling the pressure value of the space of the second channel 13 within the relief valve 311 such that the melted first fusing structure 21 does not flow into the accommodating chamber 14 under the pressure difference between both sides when the relief valve 311 is not opened, such as setting the pressure within the relief valve 311 to be the same as the accommodating chamber 14 or lower than the pressure within the accommodating chamber 14; preferably, at this time, the communication port between the first channel 12 and the fusing channel 111 is disposed on the top surface of the fusing channel 111, so that the melted first fusing structure 21 can be further prevented from flowing into the accommodating cavity 14; or by reducing the area of the communication port of the first passage 12 and the fusing passage 111, the first fusing structure 21 is prevented from flowing into the accommodating chamber 14 based on the surface tension of the melt; or by other prior art means, that the melted first fusing structure 21 does not move when the relief valve 311 is not opened.
In some preferred embodiments, the relief valve 311 has a clearance space between it and the first end of the second channel 13; the pressure in the space is equal to the pressure in the accommodating cavity 14; preferably, the communication port of the first channel 12 communicating with the fusing channel 111 is disposed on the top surface of the fusing channel 111, so as to further prevent the melted first fusing structure 21 from flowing into the accommodating cavity 14.
In some preferred embodiments, the second end of the second channel 13 communicates with the outside world; the pressure in the holding chamber 14 is less than one atmosphere; when the relief valve 311 is opened, the melted first fusing structure 21 can flow into the accommodating chamber 14 by the pressure difference of both sides.
In some preferred embodiments, when the safety valve 311 closes the second channel 13, the safety valve 311 may be optionally disposed between the first end and the second end of the second channel 13, or the second end of the second channel 13 is in communication with the outside, the safety valve 311 closes the channel opening of the second end, or the safety valve 311 is attached to and insulated from the first fusing structure 21; wherein preferably the relief valve 311 is located between the first and second ends of the second channel 13.
In some preferred embodiments, the first fusing structure 21 fills the fusing channel 111, when the relief valve 311 is opened, the melted first fusing structure 21 can move toward the accommodating chamber 14 under a pressure difference of both sides; or the cleaning block 4 is arranged in the second channel 13, when the safety valve 311 is opened, the cleaning block 4 moves under the action of pressure difference, so that the melted first fusing structure 21 moves towards the accommodating cavity 14; or the communication ports of the first channel 12 and the fusing channel 111 are arranged on the bottom surface of the fusing channel 111, the channel port of the first channel 12 is closed by the first fusing structure 21, when the safety valve 311 is opened, the fused first fusing structure 21 moves towards the accommodating cavity 14, and other schemes can be realized that when the safety valve 311 closes the second channel 13, the first fusing structure 21 keeps the electrical connection between the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23, and when the safety valve 311 is opened, the fused first fusing structure 21 can enter the accommodating cavity 14.
In some preferred embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the composite fused electrical connection structure further includes a cleaning block 4; the cleaning block 4 is arranged in the second channel 13; the cleaning block 4 has elasticity and can elastically abut against the inner wall of the second channel 13 and seal the second channel 13; when the first fusing structure 21 is in a molten state, the cleaning block 4 can move in the second passage 13 and the fusing passage 111 under the pressure difference between both ends, or move in the second passage 13, the fusing passage 111 and the first passage 12 under the pressure difference to push the molten first fusing structure 21 into the accommodating chamber 14. Based on the arrangement of the cleaning block 4, the cleaning block 4 has a relatively fixed shape, no channeling problem occurs, and the melted first fusing structure 21 can be pushed into the accommodating cavity 14, so that electrical isolation failure or incomplete electrical isolation of the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23 caused by the fact that the first fusing structure 21 in a molten state remains in the fusing channel 111 is avoided; and the first fusing structure 21 in a molten state is prevented from being contacted with the outside air based on the arrangement of the cleaning block 4, so that the first fusing structure 21 in the molten state is prevented from being cooled by the outside air and being solidified again to prevent the cleaning block 4 from moving normally, the first fusing structure 21 in the molten state is further ensured to be pushed to the accommodating cavity 14, and the problem that electrical isolation between the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23 is invalid or incomplete is avoided.
Preferably, the cleaning block 4 is made of insulating material for maintaining the temperature of the end portion in the second channel 13, so as to keep the heat dissipated outwards through the cleaning block 4 smaller than the heat dissipated outwards in other parts of the second channel 13.
Preferably, the cleaning block 4 is sandwiched between the safety valve 311 and the first fusing structure 21, and the cleaning block 4 is made of an insulating material; based on the cleaning block 4 being filled between the safety valve 311 and the first fusing structure 21, the volume of the space between the safety valve 311 and the first fusing structure 21 is reduced, and the molten first fusing structure 21 is prevented from flowing into the accommodating chamber 14 when the safety valve 311 is not opened. Further preferably, the safety valve 311 and the first fusing structure 21 clamp the cleaning block 4; the pressure in the space between the relief valve 311 and the first fusing structure 21 is equal to the pressure in the accommodating chamber 14, and both are vacuum.
Preferably, the cleaning block 4 has a compressed state and a free state; the cleaning block 4 is in a compressed state in the fusing channel 111, the second channel 13 and the first channel 12 and in a free state in the receiving chamber 14, so that the cleaning block 4 expands to close the channel opening of the first channel 12 after entering the receiving chamber 14. Firstly, the cleaning block 4 is in a compressed state in the fusing channel 111, the second channel 13 and the first channel 12, so that on one hand, the pressure difference of two sides is ensured, and on the other hand, the thorough pushing of the fused first fusing structure 21 is ensured; and expands to a free state in the accommodating chamber 14, the first fusing structure 21 flowing into the accommodating chamber 14 can be prevented from flowing back into the fusing channel 111 again, and the cutting effect on the electrical connection between the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23 is ensured.
Preferably, the cleaning block 4 is less forced to switch from the free state to the compressed state, i.e. is more deformable, such as a foam material.
Specifically, when the second end of the second channel 13 communicates with the outside, the safety valve 311 closes the through-opening 131 of the second end, the cleaning block 4 is disposed in the safety valve 311; when the relief valve 311 is provided between the first end and the second end of the second passage 13, the cleaning block 4 may be alternatively provided inside or outside the relief valve 311.
In some preferred embodiments, a smooth transition between the second channel 13 and the fusing channel 111, or between the second channel 13, the fusing channel 111, and the first channel 12, reduces resistance to movement of the cleaning block 4; specifically, an arc-shaped transition structure is formed between the second channel 13 and the fusing channel 111, or between the second channel 13, the fusing channel 111 and the first channel 12.
Preferably, the second channel 13, the fusing channel 111 and the first channel 12 have the same cross-sectional area, and form a continuous channel; or the sectional areas of the second channel 13, the fusing channel 111 and the first channel 12 are sequentially increased, and the connection part is smoothly transited, so that the resistance of the cleaning block 4 at the connection part of the channels is reduced, and the cleaning block can smoothly pass through.
In some preferred embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the second fusing structure 31 and the parallel conductors 32 are each an elongated sheet-like structure, and the second fusing structure 31 includes a connection section 312 and a fusing section 313 having a smaller width than the connection section 312; the fuse section 313 includes a relief valve 311; the shunt conductor 32 is the same width as the connecting section 312. The second fusing structure 31 and the parallel conductor 32 are made of copper, aluminum, nickel, silver, gold, etc.; the portion of the fusing section 313 closing the second passage 13 forms a relief valve 311; because the width of the fusing segment 313 is smaller than the connecting segment 312, the fusing segment 313 is more prone to over-current melting than the connecting segment 312; the fusing section 313 melts the second channel 13 to be opened and based on the parallel conductor 32 and the connection section 312 being wider than the fusing section 313, the fusing section 313 fuses more easily than the parallel conductor 32 and the connection section 312.
Preferably, the connection sections 312 and the fusing sections 313 are plural in number, and the connection sections 312 and the fusing sections 313 are alternately arranged.
In some preferred embodiments, the connection segment 312 and/or the shunt conductor 32 can be folded in a width direction, such as by 2-3 layers, to reduce its occupied width, and by the folded arrangement, the width of the shunt conductor 32 is increased to increase its current carrying capacity to prevent it from being blown.
In some preferred embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the second fusing structure 31 is located within the insulating body 1; based on the second fusing structure 31 being provided in the insulative housing 1, the portion located in the insulative housing 1 is not in contact with the air, and the portion forming the safety valve 311 is exposed to the air, such as the second passage 13 being directly connected to the atmosphere, or the second passage 13 having the air or oxygen therein; when the overcurrent is fused, oxygen in the air can support combustion based on the contact of the safety valve 311 with the air, so that the safety valve 311 is promoted to be partially fused, the safety valve 311 is ensured to be fused first, and the second channel 13 is opened.
In some preferred embodiments, the parallel conductors 32 are located within the insulating body 1, and both ends extend out of the insulating body 1 to electrically connect the cells in parallel; a part of the parallel conductor 32 is provided in the insulating body 1 to increase the structural integrity.
Preferably, the extending direction of the parallel conductors 32 and the extending direction of the first conductors 22 or the second conductors 23 are in a cross shape or a cross shape; the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23 extend in the same direction.
In some preferred embodiments, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, a communication port is formed between the first channel 12 and the fusing channel 111, and the communication port is located on the top surface of the fusing channel 111; to ensure that the melted first fusing structure 21 does not easily enter the first passage 12 without a pressure difference between both ends.
In some preferred embodiments, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the inner wall of the first channel 12 is provided with a heat conductor 5, such as a metal conductor; the heat conductor 5 and the first fusing structure 21 can conduct heat, for example, the end part of the heat conductor 5 is in direct contact with the first fusing structure 21; the melting point of the heat conductor 5 is greater than the melting point of the first fuse structure 21. Under the condition of external vibration, the melted first fusing structure 21 is splashed onto the inner wall of the first channel 12 and then solidifies and adheres to the inner wall of the first channel 12, at this time, the flow resistance is increased, and based on the heat conductor 5 arranged on the inner wall of the first channel 12, the heat conduction between the heat conductor and the first fusing structure 21 can be performed quickly, and the temperature of the heat conductor is approximately consistent with that of the first fusing structure 21, so that the melted first fusing structure 21 ejected onto the inner wall of the first channel 12 due to splashing can be ensured, and the heat conductor can fall back to the fusing channel 111 in a melted state, so that the flow resistance can be reduced.
Preferably, the heat conductor 5 comprises an arch-shaped structure having a certain height along the extension of the first channel 12; i.e. the heat conductor 5 is arranged along the surface of the first channel 12, the specific height can be determined according to the actual requirements; more preferably, the heat conductor 5 is a cylindrical structure attached to the surface of the first channel 12 and having an opening at the top and bottom, and at this time, the inner walls close to the first fusing structure 21 are covered by the heat conductor 5, so that the first fusing structure 21 can be prevented from splashing and solidifying on the inner walls of the first channel 12 to the greatest extent, and the flow is affected; more preferably, the heat conductor 5 is embedded in the first channel 12, and the surface of the heat conductor 5 is flush with the inner wall of the first channel 12.
In some preferred embodiments, as shown in fig. 7, the communication port of the first passage 12 communicating with the fusing passage 111 is located at the top surface of the fusing passage 111; the first channel 12 is inverted U-shaped; the accommodating chamber 14 is located below the fusing channel 111, and the size of the accommodating chamber 14 is larger than that of the fusing channel 111. Based on the communication port being provided on the top surface of the fusing channel 111, the melted first fusing structure 21 is not easy to enter the first channel 12 under the condition that the pressure difference between the two ends is zero; when the battery pack works, vibration exists, the melted first fusing structure 21 can splash due to vibration, a communication port is arranged on the top surface of the fusing channel 111, the accommodating cavity 14 is arranged below the fusing channel 111, the first channel 12 is arranged in a reversed U shape, so that the highest top surface of the first fusing structure 21 entering the accommodating cavity 14 after entering the accommodating cavity 14 is far away from the top of the reversed U shape, and the melted first fusing structure 21 is not easy to rebound back into the fusing channel 111; due to the larger volume of the receiving cavity 14, which has a lower temperature than the fusing channel 111 and/or the first channel 12, the solidification of the easily melted first fusing structure 21 and/or the third fusing structure 6 is restricted and the interior of the receiving cavity 14 is restricted.
In some preferred embodiments, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the first fusing structure 21 is configured to fill the fusing channel 111; the first fusing structure 21 is preferably in the shape of an elongated bar.
In some preferred embodiments, as shown in fig. 7, the second channel 13 is filled with a third fusing structure 6; the third fusing structure 6 is disposed between the safety valve 311 and the first fusing structure 21, the third fusing structure 6 in a non-molten state seals the second passage 13, and an end of the third fusing structure 6 can conduct heat with the first fusing structure 21, such as directly contact with the first fusing structure 21 for conducting heat; the third fusing structure 6 has a higher melting point than the first fusing structure 21 to ensure that the third fusing structure 6 reaches the melting point after the first fusing structure 21 is partially or completely melted. When the external ambient temperature increases, normal operation of the first fusing structure 21 is affected, for example, the external ambient temperature is higher than the melting temperature of the first fusing structure 21, so that undesired melting occurs and the electrical connection state of the external conductor is cut off. Such occurrence can be avoided by providing the third fusing structure 6 having a higher melting point than the first fusing structure 21, making it less meltable; and the third fusing structure 6 closes the second channel 13, so that even if the first fusing structure 21 is melted, the melted first fusing structure 21 does not flow into the accommodating cavity 14 because the melting temperature of the third fusing structure 6 is not reached, and the electric conduction state of the first fusing structure 21 to the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23 is maintained, so that the first fusing structure 21 can be pushed into the accommodating cavity 14 only after the third fusing structure 6 is melted, and the influence of the external environment on the first fusing structure 21 is reduced.
Preferably, the contact area of the third fuse structure 6 with the first fuse structure 21 is smaller than the contact area of the first fuse structure 21 with the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23. That is, the heat transfer area of the third fusing structure 6 and the heat transfer area of the first fusing structure 21 are smaller than the heat transfer area of the first fusing structure 21 and the heat transfer areas of the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23, so that the third fusing structure 6 is ensured not to melt before the first fusing structure 21.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a battery pack employing the composite fuse-de-coupling structure of embodiment 1 described above.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, wherein fig. 8 is a battery pack composed of cylindrical batteries, and fig. 9 is a battery pack composed of prismatic batteries; the battery pack includes a plurality of unit cells B, and the composite fuse electrical connection structure a of the above embodiment 1 forms a series-parallel battery pack between the plurality of unit cells B. The unit cell B may be a cylindrical cell or a prismatic cell.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, the battery pack includes a plurality of unit cells B, a plurality of composite fuse-break connection structures a in embodiment 1, a first bus bar C, and a second bus bar D;
each single battery B comprises a first pole and a second pole; the plurality of single batteries B are arranged in an array to form a battery pack comprising a plurality of battery rows;
The first pole and the second pole of the adjacent single batteries B between the battery rows are electrically connected in series through an A first conductor 22 and a second conductor 23 of the composite fusing electric connection structure;
the adjacent single batteries B in the battery row are electrically connected in parallel through the parallel conductors 32 of the adjacent composite fusing electrical connection structure A;
The first pole of the single battery B in the first battery row is electrically connected with the second pole of the adjacent single battery B in the adjacent battery row in series through the first conductor 22 and the second conductor 23 of the composite fusing electric connection structure A; the second poles of the single batteries B in the first battery row are electrically connected in parallel through a first busbar C and output; the first poles of the single cells B or the first conductors 22 or the second conductors 23 in the cell rows of the last row are electrically connected in parallel by the second bus bar D and output.
The following description will be made with reference to examples of how the composite fuse electrical connection structure a isolates a thermal runaway unit cell B when the thermal runaway unit cell B occurs in the battery pack of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 10, taking a battery array of 4-3 strings of 12 unit batteries B as an example, the serial numbers of the unit batteries B in the battery array are as follows:
C11、C21、C31、C41；
C12、C22、C32、C42；
C13、C23、C33、C43。
The top poles of C11, C21, C31 and C41 are connected in parallel through a first bus bar C, and the shell poles of C13, C23, C33 and C43 are connected in parallel through a second bus bar D; the top poles of C12, C22, C32, C42 and C13, C23, C33, C43 are electrically connected in parallel through the parallel conductors 32 of the second fusing unit 3 of the composite fusing electric connection structure A to form a parallel battery row; the top pole and the shell pole among C11, C12, C13, C21, C22, C23, C31, C32, C33, C41, C42 and C43 are electrically connected in series through the first conductor 22, the first fusing structure 21 and the second conductor 23 of the composite fusing electric connection structure A to form a series battery column, and a series-parallel battery pack is formed.
The maximum overcurrent of the second fusing structure 31 is I 1, the maximum overcurrent of the parallel conductor 32 is 3I 1, the maximum current of the series battery is I 2, and the through hole 131 is connected to the atmosphere, so that one side of the safety valve 311 is exposed to the atmosphere. The normal temperature of the single battery B is 25 ℃, and the temperature is gradually increased to be close to 100 ℃ after thermal runaway. The melting temperature of the first fusing structure 21 is set to 70 degrees.
Taking the example that the single battery B numbered as C32 is in thermal runaway (internal short circuit), the single battery B of C32 is in thermal runaway, and C12, C22 and C42 start to flow current back to C32 through the parallel conductor 32 and the second fusing structure 31 of the composite fusing and disconnecting structure A between C31 and C32; when the outflow current on the second fusing structure 31 of each single battery B exceeds 0.33I 1, the inflow current of C32 through the second fusing structure 31 exceeds I 1, the second fusing structure 31 of the composite fusing-off connection structure A between C31 and C32 is fused, the parallel conductor 32 does not exceed the maximum overcurrent current and remains intact, and the C12, C22 and C42 are still connected in parallel; c32 is electrically isolated by the parallel battery rows; triggering an alarm once;
Because the second fusing structure 31 of the composite fusing-off connection structure a between C31 and C32 is fused, the safety valve 311 is opened, and the first fusing structure 21 is directly connected to the atmospheric pressure through the second passage 13; under the combined action of internal short-circuit current and series current of a series battery column, the temperature of C32 continues to rise (I 2 R), when the temperature of a top pole and a shell pole of C32 reaches or exceeds 71 degrees, the temperature is respectively conducted to the first fusing structures 21 of two composite fusing electric connection structures A through the first conductors 22 of the composite fusing electric connection structure A between C31 and C32 and the second conductors 23 of the composite fusing electric connection structure A between C31 and C32, so that the first fusing structures 21 of the composite fusing electric connection structure A between C31 and C32A, C and C33 are fused, but only the safety valve 311 of the composite fusing electric connection structure A between C31 and C32 is opened, so that only the first fusing structure 21 of the composite fusing electric connection structure A between C31 and C32 is fused, and electrical isolation between C32 and C31 is realized; triggering a secondary alarm.
Because other batteries in the parallel battery row where the thermal runaway single battery B (C32) is located are cut off to the backward current of the single battery B (C32), the C31 and C32 batteries of the series battery row where the thermal runaway single battery B (C32) is located are bypassed, and the normal series current of the primary series battery passing through the C32 thermal runaway battery is cut off, the two acceleration factors mainly accelerating the thermal deterioration of the thermal runaway battery are removed, and once the alarm is removed, the thermal runaway battery enters the thermal growth under the action of only internal reasons, the speed is obviously slowed down, the risk of the whole thermal runaway of the battery pack caused by the overquick growth of the thermal runaway of the current single battery is avoided, and precious time is obtained for manual intervention in later period.
When I 1=I2, the second fusing structure 31 and the first fusing structure 21 of the composite fusing and disconnecting structure A between C31 and C32 are disconnected, the composite fusing and disconnecting structure A between C32 and C33 is intact; c32 and C12 are disconnected; the shell pole of C31 and the top pole of C32 are fused, the parallel battery rows where C12 and C11 are located are all 4-1=3, the other parallel battery rows are all 4, and the whole battery pack can continue to work.
When the number of parallel batteries of the parallel battery rows is large enough, the total capacity of M-1 batteries is very close to the total capacity of M batteries, and after a certain single battery B is subjected to thermal runaway and is formed into a battery island, the influence on the total voltage and the total capacity of the whole battery pack is very small, and the whole battery pack is self-adaptive to the occurrence of the thermal runaway single battery.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many forms may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims, which are to be protected by the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. The composite fusing electric connection structure is characterized by comprising an insulating body, a first fusing unit and a second fusing unit;
The first fusing unit comprises a first conductor, a second conductor and a first fusing structure; a first conductor accommodating channel is arranged in the insulating body; the first conductor accommodating channel comprises a fusing channel, and a first conductor accommodating part and a second conductor accommodating part which are positioned at two sides of the fusing channel; one end of the first conductor is arranged in the first conductor accommodating part and is in sealing connection with the first conductor accommodating part, and one end of the second conductor is arranged in the second conductor accommodating part and is in sealing connection with the second conductor accommodating part; the other ends of the first conductor and the second conductor are used for series electric connection of batteries;
The first fusing structure is arranged in the fusing channel; the two sides of the first fusing structure are respectively in thermal communication with the first conductor and the second conductor and are electrically connected with each other for over-temperature fusing between the first conductor and the second conductor;
The insulating body also comprises a first channel and a second channel; the first end of the first channel and the first end of the second channel are respectively communicated with two ends of the fusing channel; the insulating body is internally provided with an accommodating cavity capable of accommodating the first fusing structure; the accommodating cavity is communicated with the second end of the first channel;
The second fusing unit comprises a second fusing structure capable of overcurrent fusing and a parallel conductor; one end of the second fusing structure is electrically connected with the first conductor or the second conductor, and the other end of the second fusing structure is electrically connected with the parallel conductor; the parallel conductors are used for parallel electrical connection of the batteries; the second fusing structure includes a safety valve; the safety valve is capable of closing the second channel in a non-blown state of the second fuse structure, the first fuse structure being capable of maintaining an electrical connection between the first conductor and the second conductor when the safety valve closes the second channel; the safety valve can open the second channel when the second fusing structure is in overcurrent fusing, so that the second channel positioned on the inner side of the safety valve is exposed to a pressure environment higher than the pressure in the accommodating cavity, and the melted first fusing structure can flow into the accommodating cavity under the action of pressure difference to cut off the electric connection between the first conductor and the second conductor.
2. The composite fuse electrical connection structure of claim 1, wherein a clearance space is provided between the relief valve and the first end of the second channel; the pressure in the interval space is equal to the pressure in the accommodating cavity.
3. The composite fuse electrical connection structure of claim 1 or 2, wherein a second end of the second channel communicates with the outside; the pressure in the accommodating cavity is less than one atmosphere.
4. The composite fuse electrical connection structure of claim 1 or 2, further comprising a purge block;
The cleaning block is arranged in the second channel; the cleaning block has elasticity and can elastically abut against the inner wall of the second channel to seal the second channel; when the first fusing structure is in a molten state and the safety valve opens the second channel, the cleaning block can move in the second channel and the fusing channel under the action of pressure difference, or move in the second channel, the fusing channel and the first channel under the action of pressure difference, so as to push the molten first fusing structure into the accommodating cavity.
5. The composite fuse cutout connection structure of claim 4, wherein the cleaning block is sandwiched between the safety valve and the first fuse structure, and the cleaning block is an insulating material.
6. The composite fuse electrical connection structure of claim 5, wherein the relief valve and the first fuse structure clamp the purge block; the pressure in the space between the safety valve and the first fusing structure is equal to the pressure in the accommodating cavity, and the safety valve and the first fusing structure are both in vacuum.
7. The composite fuse cutout connection structure of claim 4, wherein the purge block has a compressed state and a free state; the cleaning block is in the compressed state in the fusing channel, the second channel and the first channel, and is in the free state in the accommodating cavity, so that the cleaning block expands to seal the channel opening of the first channel after entering the accommodating cavity.
8. The composite fuse electrical connection structure of claim 1, wherein a smooth transition between the second channel and the fuse channel; or a smooth transition between the second channel, the fusing channel, and the first channel.
9. The composite fused electrical connection structure of claim 1 wherein the second fused structure and the parallel conductors are each an elongated sheet-like structure, the second fused structure comprising a connection section and a fused section having a width less than the connection section; the fuse section includes the safety valve; the parallel conductors are the same width as the connecting sections.
10. The composite fuse-de-energized connection structure of claim 9, wherein the connection segments and the fuse segments are plural in number, the connection segments and the fuse segments being alternately arranged.
11. The composite fuse-de-energized connection structure of claim 9, characterized in that the connection segments and/or parallel conductors can be folded in the width direction to reduce the width they occupy.
12. The composite fuse electrical connection structure of claim 1, wherein the second fuse structure is located within the insulating body.
13. The composite fuse electrical connection structure of claim 1, wherein a communication port is provided between the first channel and the fuse channel, the communication port being located on a top surface of the fuse channel.
14. The composite fuse electrical connection structure of claim 1 or 13, wherein a heat conductor is disposed on an inner wall of the first channel, heat conduction between the heat conductor and the first fuse structure is enabled, and a melting point of the heat conductor is greater than a melting point of the first fuse structure.
15. The composite fuse cutout connection structure of claim 14, wherein the thermal conductor comprises an arch structure having a height along the first channel extension direction.
16. The composite fuse electrical connection structure of claim 1, wherein the first fuse structure is configured to fill the fuse channel.
17. The composite fuse electrical connection structure of claim 1, wherein a third fuse structure is filled in the second channel;
The third fusing structure is arranged between the safety valve and the first fusing structure, the third fusing structure in a non-melting state seals the second channel, the end part of the third fusing structure can conduct heat with the first fusing structure, and the melting point of the third fusing structure is higher than that of the first fusing structure.
18. A battery pack comprising a plurality of single cells, a plurality of composite fused electrical connection structures of any of claims 1-17, a first bus bar, and a second bus bar;
Each single battery comprises a first pole and a second pole; the plurality of single batteries are arranged in an array to form a battery pack comprising a plurality of battery rows;
The first and second conductors of the composite fuse-break electrical connection structure between the first and second poles of the adjacent single batteries between the battery rows are electrically connected in series;
adjacent single batteries in the battery row are electrically connected in parallel through the parallel conductors adjacent to the composite fuse-break connection structure;
The first pole of the single battery positioned in the first battery row and the second pole of the adjacent single battery positioned in the adjacent battery row are electrically connected in series through the first conductor and the second conductor of the composite fuse-break electrical connection structure; the second poles of the single batteries in the battery row of the first row are electrically connected in parallel through the first bus bar and output; and the first poles of the single batteries or the first conductors or the second conductors in the battery rows at the tail row are electrically connected in parallel through the second bus bars and output.
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