CN117910837A - Method for determining dam break process of barrier lake and Excel application program - Google Patents

Method for determining dam break process of barrier lake and Excel application program Download PDF

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CN117910837A
CN117910837A CN202410317732.7A CN202410317732A CN117910837A CN 117910837 A CN117910837 A CN 117910837A CN 202410317732 A CN202410317732 A CN 202410317732A CN 117910837 A CN117910837 A CN 117910837A
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dam break
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barrier lake
depth
dam
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CN117910837B (en
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巨江
刘少斌
赵莹
兰志良
张若羽
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PowerChina Northwest Engineering Corp Ltd
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of emergency disposal of mountain torrent geological disasters and barrier lakes, and discloses a barrier lake dam break process determining method and an Excel application program, wherein the method comprises the steps of determining the longitudinal section flushing depth and the transverse section flushing width of a dam break at each moment according to a preset dam break control equation, a dam break depth calculation formula and a dam break width calculation formula by combining a reservoir regulation equation and a dam flow formula; and drawing a dam break process line of the barrier lake according to the longitudinal section flushing depth and the transverse section flushing width of the dam break at each moment. The invention can accurately forecast the flow rate of the crumple, the scouring depth of the longitudinal section, the widening of the cross section, the flow rate and flow velocity process line of the crumple, the water level falling process line of the crumple bottom Gao Chengji reservoir, and the width and water surface width change process line of the crumple bottom, thereby determining the excavation depth and width of the chute at the first time, reducing the inundation loss of the downstream flood peak flow rate and formulating a reasonable danger-proof evacuation scheme.

Description

Method for determining dam break process of barrier lake and Excel application program
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of emergency disposal of high-risk barrier lakes in the field of mountain torrent geological disasters, and discloses a barrier lake dam break process determining method and an Excel application program.
Background
The existing dam break models of barrier lakes are divided into two categories: one class is the river dynamics method, the most representative of which is the DB module in the Mike11 software. The Mike software first assumes that the crumbs are cut down horizontally in the direction of water flow, see fig. 1. Equation isWherein/>For single wide sand transmission rate,/>Is the elevation of the ulcer opening,/>For the length of the crumple in the water flow direction,/>Is the sediment porosity,/>Is time. In practice, the crumple is reduced in the longitudinal ratio, which is seriously inconsistent with Mike software assumption, and results in erroneous calculation results. In addition, mike software hypothesizes that in turn will crumple stretching/>And depth/>Bundled together, see FIG. 2, i.e./>This is not practical. When dam break calculation of some engineering is carried out, the break mouth punching depth is found to be finished, but the widening is still continued, and the punching depth and the widening are two independent variables.
The other is soil mechanics method, such as exponential model or hyperbolic model, which is to assume that the erosion undercut of the crumple changes along with the shear force of water flow, namely，/>Wherein/>Is the depth of water,/>For water surface ratio drop,/>Is clear water volume weight,/>Is the erosion elevation of the crumple. The model is simple and practical, but the basic principle is wrong, and the change rule of the undercut depth of the crumple opening along the time is also only given, but the change of the undercut depth along the water flow direction is not given, and the crumple opening is still horizontally undercut. Therefore, many students supplement the assumptions such as the broken longitudinal section broken line method (corresponding to the longitudinal section schematic diagram of the dam body is shown in fig. 3), the broken line method (corresponding to the longitudinal section schematic diagram of the dam body is shown in fig. 4), the circular arc landslide curve (corresponding to the longitudinal section schematic diagram of the dam body is shown in fig. 5), and the like, so that model parameters are too many, human factors are greatly affected, the calculation result is far from actual measurement data, and regularity errors occur. Cross-sectional broadening is assumed to be similar to Mike software, as is the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for determining a dam break process of a barrier lake and an Excel application program, so as to solve a plurality of technical problems of the existing dam break model.
The first aspect of the invention provides a method for determining a dam break process of a barrier lake, comprising the following steps:
presetting a dam break control equation of a barrier lake and a calculation formula of the flushing depth and the width of a breach;
Determining the longitudinal section flushing depth and the transverse section flushing width of the burst opening at each moment by combining a reservoir regulation equation and a weir flow equation according to the burst control equation, the burst opening depth calculation equation and the burst opening width calculation equation;
And drawing a dam break process line of the barrier lake according to the longitudinal section flushing depth and the transverse section flushing width of the dam break at each moment.
Preferably, the dam break process line of the barrier lake is drawn according to the longitudinal section flushing depth and the transverse section flushing width of the dam break at each moment, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
And drawing a dam break process line of the barrier lake according to the longitudinal section flushing depth and the transverse section flushing width of the dam break at each moment and combining the stock capacity and the upstream-downstream slope ratio of the barrier lake.
Preferably, the dam break process line of the barrier lake comprises at least one of a flow and flow rate process line of a break, a water level falling process line of a reservoir at the bottom Gao Chengji of the break, and a width and water surface width change process line of the bottom of the break.
Preferably, after the dam break process line of the barrier lake is drawn according to the longitudinal section flushing depth and the transverse section flushing width of the break at each moment, the method further comprises:
and drawing the erosion shape of the longitudinal section and the erosion shape of the cross section of the crumple according to the scouring depth of the longitudinal section and the scouring width of the cross section of the crumple at each moment.
Preferably, the longitudinal section flushing depth of the breach in the dam break control equation changes with time and distance.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the breach depth is determined according to the dam height, the scouring coefficient and the water flow process.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the width of the crumple is determined according to the initial width of the crumple, the widening coefficient and the scouring coefficient.
Preferably, the scouring coefficient is determined according to the dry volume weight, the median particle diameter and the single-width flow rate of the ulcer of the barrier lake.
The second aspect of the invention provides an Excel application program, which stores the dam break process determining method of the barrier lake.
Preferably, the initial moment of the dam break of the barrier lake in the procedure is determined according to the horizontal projection length of the downstream slope of the barrier lake dam body and the initial scouring coefficient.
Compared with the prior art, the method for determining the dam break process of the barrier lake and the Excel application program have the following beneficial effects:
The erosion depth of the longitudinal section of the crumple calculated by the method accords with the distribution of an error function, is highly consistent with experimental and prototype observation data, and is horizontally and parallelly cut down in the longitudinal section calculated by the traditional model, and is inconsistent with practice.
The process for calculating the cross section widening of the crumple is not limited by depth, and accords with engineering practice; the existing model relates width to depth binding to be inconsistent with actual dam break.
The dam break process determining method and Excel application program of the invention can accurately forecast the flow rate of the breaking mouth, the flushing depth of the longitudinal section, the widening of the cross section, the flow rate and flow velocity process line of the breaking mouth, the water level falling process line of the reservoir at the bottom Gao Chengji of the breaking mouth and the width and water surface width change process line of the breaking mouth, thereby determining the excavation depth and width of the discharging groove at the first time, reducing the inundation loss of the flow of the downstream flood peak and making a reasonable danger prevention evacuation scheme.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a dam with hypothetical breach in Mike software;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a dam with hypothetical breach in Mike software;
FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a dam with hypothetical dog-leg in an geomechanical process;
FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a dam with hypothetical ray-break in an geomechanical process;
FIG. 5 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a dam with hypothetical circular arc breach in the geomechanical process;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method of determining a dam break process of a barrier lake of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of a dam opening of a barrier lake according to the invention as a function of time and distance;
FIG. 8 is a process line for the breach flow of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a process line of the breach flow rate of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a line of the reservoir level drop process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a process line of the vent elevation change in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 12 is a process line of the vent top width of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional shape of a vent in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as the particular system architecture, techniques, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for determining a dam break process of a barrier lake, as shown in fig. 6 and fig. 7, including:
and step 1, presetting a dam break control equation of a barrier lake, a formula for calculating the depth of a breach and a formula for calculating the width of the breach.
According to the river dynamics traceability flushing theory, the embodiment of the invention considers that the flushing depth of the longitudinal section of the dam burst opening of the barrier lake changes along with time and distance, as shown in fig. 7, so that a dam burst control equation as shown in a formula (1) is provided for the burst process:
（1）
In the method, in the process of the invention, For the flushing depth of the longitudinal section of the crumple,For the flow path of the water flow,In order to be the dam break time,Is the scouring coefficient.
The formula for calculating the depth of the crumple according to the embodiment of the invention is determined according to the dam height, the scouring coefficient and the water flow, and the formula for calculating the depth of the crumple is shown as formula (2):
（2）
In the method, in the process of the invention, Flushing depth for the longitudinal section of the crumple; Is a dam height; As a function of the error, ，；Is a scouring coefficient; the dam break time is set; is a water flow process.
The formula for calculating the width of the crumple according to the embodiment of the invention is determined according to the initial width, the widening coefficient and the scouring coefficient of the crumple, and the formula for calculating the width of the crumple is shown as formula (3):
（3）
In the method, in the process of the invention, In order to widen the cross section of the crumple,For the initial crush port cross-sectional width,In order to widen the coefficient of the band,In order to have a scouring coefficient,Is time.
Stretching coefficient of crumpleReflecting the widening speed in the process of cutting the crumple, the larger the value is, the quicker the widening is, the inversion is carried out according to the actual measurement data,Wherein the coefficient of broadeningCan also be set according to the actual measurement data.
And 2, determining the longitudinal section flushing depth and the transverse section flushing width of the burst opening at each moment according to a burst control equation, a burst depth calculation formula and a burst width calculation formula and combining a reservoir regulation equation and a weir flow formula.
In the embodiment of the invention, the reservoir regulation equation is shown as formula (4):
（4）
In the method, in the process of the invention, Is used for blocking the stock volume of the lake,In order to be the dam break time,Is the warehouse-in flow; Is the delivery flow.
In the embodiment of the invention, the weir flow formula is shown as formula (5):
（5）
In the method, in the process of the invention, In order to achieve the flow rate of the warehouse-out,As a flow coefficient of the water, the water is mixed with water,For the width of the water surface of the crumple,For the cross section of the crumple opening to widen, namely the bottom of the crumple opening is wide,For the water level in the reservoir,In order to ensure that the inlet elevation of the crumple opening,The embodiment of the invention considers the complex body type of the earth-rock dam and the taking after the side shrinkage of the earth-rock dam due to the gravity acceleration。
The embodiment of the invention is combined with Jie Gong formulas (2), (3), (4) and (5) to obtain the longitudinal section flushing depth and the transverse section flushing width of the crumple at each moment.
In the process of joint decomposition, the scouring coefficient is determined according to the dry volume weight of the barrier lake body, the median particle diameter and the single-width flow of the crumbs.
Illustratively, the flush coefficient is as in equation (6):
（6）
In the method, in the process of the invention, In order to have a scouring coefficient,For the single wide flow rate, the flow rate is equal to the single wide flow rate,The dry volume weight of the barrier lake body is=2.0 t/m3~2.4 t/m3。
In view of complex change of relation between underwater repose angle of sediment and particle size of sediment, coefficientIs not easy to determine, so the embodiment of the invention refers to the unit water flow powerThe concept is, among other things,Is used for blocking the stock volume of the lake,For water level ratio drop, coefficient is calculatedIs rewritten intoForm of the invention. Wherein the method comprises the steps ofFor sinking at a speed ofCounting; Is the median particle diameter of barrier lake body, so as to Counting; Acceleration of gravity to And (5) counting.
By way of example only, and in an illustrative,The rock-fill particle diameter of the rock-fill dam main material area is d=0.05-0.3 m, thenThe flush coefficient may be set based on actual measurement data.
The single wide flow rate of the crumpleAccording to the reservoir outlet flow of barrier lakeDetermining as shown in formula (7):
（7）
In the method, in the process of the invention, For the width of the water surface of the crumple,Is the cross section of the crumple is widened.
The invention converts the unsteady flow process into the step constant flow regardless of whether the warehouse-in flow is the constant flow or the unsteady flow, and calculates the longitudinal section of the ulcer according to the constant flow in each period. The flushing profile at any time is from time 0 to time 0Accumulated scouring depth at time, scouring coefficientAlso from time 0 to timeAverage value of time and single wide flowIs to influence the scouring coefficientIs a sensitive factor of (a). The embodiment of the invention will eachSingle wide flow of time periodTime-weighted averaging to obtain accumulated durationAverage single wide flow in，. Wherein the method comprises the steps ofIn order to accumulate the duration of time,Is the firstThe time period during which the first time period,Is the firstThe single wide flow of the crumple corresponding to the moment。
And step3, drawing a dam break process line of the barrier lake according to the longitudinal section flushing depth and the transverse section flushing width of the dam break at each moment.
According to the embodiment of the invention, after the longitudinal section flushing depth and the transverse section flushing width of the burst opening at each moment are obtained, the dam break process line of the barrier lake can be drawn by combining the reservoir capacity and the upstream-downstream slope ratio of the barrier lake.
The dam break process line of the barrier lake comprises at least one of a flow and flow speed process line of a break, a water level falling process line of a reservoir at the bottom Gao Chengji of the break and a width and water surface width change process line of the bottom of the break.
Further, after the longitudinal section flushing depth and the transverse section flushing width of the crumple opening at each moment are obtained, the longitudinal section erosion shape and the transverse section erosion shape of the crumple opening can be drawn.
The second aspect of the present invention provides an Excel application program, which stores the method for determining a dam break process of a barrier lake described above.
The Excel application program can be used for dam break emergency rescue of a barrier lake, excel calculation is used, a user's threshold is reduced, calculation curves (a flow and flow velocity process line of a crumple, a water level falling process line of a crumple bottom Gao Chengji reservoir, a width and water surface width change process line of the crumple bottom, a longitudinal section erosion shape of the crumple and a cross section erosion shape) can be synchronously output, and rationality of results can be timely analyzed.
When the method for determining the dam break process of the barrier lake is used in an Excel application program, the reservoir water quantity balance constraint in the method selects display format differential time, and the front time period and the rear time period become a recurrence relation, namely; Wherein,Is the firstThe stock volume of the barrier lake at the moment,Is the firstTime-of-day barrier reservoir volume. Considering that the erosion datum point after dam break is lifted by sediment accumulation, the dam height is reduced to 0.9。
Fitting a water level-reservoir capacity relation curve into a quadratic function, and directly inputting coefficients a, b and c; the time step before the peak flood flow is recommended to be small,The flood peak flow error is within 1.9%; the time step after the flood peak flow is properly amplified.
The actual engineering dam break is started after the water flow overflows the top, the starting moment of the mathematical model is the coordinate 0 point, the time difference of virtual flushing from the origin to the dam top exists, and the longer the dam of the barrier lake along the water flow direction, the larger the time difference is. To eliminate the time difference, the initial moment of the dam break of the barrier lake according to the embodiment of the invention is based on the horizontal projection length of the downstream slope (along the water flow direction) of the barrier lake dam bodyAnd initial scour coefficient determination, in particular using a traceable scour length calculation formula/>Inverse calculation/>Unified subtraction in time series, where the scouring coefficient/>The average over the first few time periods is taken approximately.
Coefficient of the breach slopeInfluence the water surface width and collapse amount of the crumple, influence the flow, and actually measure the side slope coefficients of two sides of the crumple by a model testThe field investigation data show that the collapse gradient of the water slope is generally。The method is used for calculating the water surface width of the crumple, the cross section of the crumple is trapezoid, and the top width is wide。
The erosion depth of the longitudinal section of the crumple calculated by the method accords with the distribution of an error function, is highly consistent with experimental and prototype observation data, and is horizontally and parallelly cut down in the longitudinal section calculated by the traditional model, and is inconsistent with practice.
The process of calculating the cross section widening of the crumple is not limited by depth, meets engineering practice, and the prior model associates crumple width and depth binding with no compliance with actual dam break.
The method for determining the dam break process of the barrier lake and the Excel application program can accurately forecast the flow and the flow speed of the breaking mouth, the scouring depth of the breaking mouth, the scouring width, the falling change process line of the reservoir water level and the like in time, so that the excavation depth and the width of the discharging groove are determined at the first time, the inundation loss of the downstream flood peak flow is reduced, and a reasonable danger-prevention evacuation scheme is formulated.
The effect of the present invention, in which the dam break process determination method of the barrier lake and the Excel application program are stored, will be verified in more specific embodiments.
Examples
Tang Gushan the dam body of the barrier lake has the water flow direction of 803 m, the width of 611 m, the height of 82.65 to 124.4 m, the square quantity of about 2037 ten thousand cubic meters and the water level difference of 60.0m between the upstream and the downstream. The water storage capacity of Tang Gushan barrier lakes reaches 2.2 hundred million m 3 in 6 th month and 6 th year of 2008, and about zero 8 minutes is reached in 7 th month and 7 th year of 2008, and the water discharge grooves of the barrier lakes start to discharge water, and the water discharge elevation is 740.30m to 740.40 m. 30 minutes of the water reaches the maximum water level 743.1 m in 1 day of 6 months, the maximum storage capacity is 3.2 hundred million m 3, and the flood disaster is most likely to occur in the downstream caused by collapse.
Fig. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 show the process line of time-dependent change of the calculated and measured burst flow, flow rate, reservoir water level, burst bottom elevation, burst top width and final burst cross-sectional shape, respectively, and it is found that the calculated and measured data are well matched, and the trend change rule is completely consistent. While the prior art (the soil mechanics model) is reasonable in flow and flow speed change process lines, the reservoir water level, the breach elevation drop process lines and the breach top width change process lines seem to be problematic in regularity, and the longer the time, the larger the deviation, which is caused by model equation distortion.

Claims (10)

1. A method for determining a dam break process of a barrier lake, comprising:
presetting a dam break control equation, a breach depth calculation formula and a breach width calculation formula of a barrier lake;
Determining the longitudinal section flushing depth and the transverse section flushing width of the burst opening at each moment by combining a reservoir regulation equation and a weir flow equation according to the burst control equation, the burst opening depth calculation equation and the burst opening width calculation equation;
And drawing a dam break process line of the barrier lake according to the longitudinal section flushing depth and the transverse section flushing width of the dam break at each moment.
2. The method for determining a dam break process of a barrier lake according to claim 1, wherein the drawing of the dam break process line of the barrier lake according to the longitudinal section flushing depth and the transverse section flushing width of the crumple at each moment specifically comprises:
And drawing a dam break process line of the barrier lake according to the longitudinal section flushing depth and the transverse section flushing width of the dam break at each moment and combining the stock capacity and the upstream-downstream slope ratio of the barrier lake.
3. A method of determining a dam break process of a barrier lake according to claim 2 wherein the dam break process line of the barrier lake comprises at least one of a flow and velocity process line of a breach, a drop process line of a water level at a bottom Gao Chengji of the breach, and a change process line of a width of the bottom of the breach and a width of a water surface.
4. The method of determining a dam break process of a barrier lake according to claim 1, wherein after drawing a dam break process line of the barrier lake according to the longitudinal section flushing depth and the cross section flushing width of the crumple at each time, further comprising:
and drawing the erosion shape of the longitudinal section and the erosion shape of the cross section of the crumple according to the scouring depth of the longitudinal section and the scouring width of the cross section of the crumple at each moment.
5. A method of determining a dam break process of a barrier lake according to claim 1 wherein the longitudinal profile flushing depth of the breach in the dam break control equation varies with time and distance.
6. The method for determining a dam break process of a barrier lake according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the breach depth is determined according to a dam height, a scouring coefficient and a water flow process.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the calculation formula of the width of the breach is determined according to the initial width of the breach, the widening coefficient and the scouring coefficient.
8. A method of determining a dam break process of a barrier lake according to claim 7 wherein the scouring factor is determined from the dry bulk weight, median particle size and the single wide flow rate of the breach of the barrier lake.
9. An Excel application program, characterized in that a barrier lake dam break process determination method according to any one of claims 1-8 is stored.
10. The Excel application program according to claim 9, wherein the initial moment of dam break of the barrier lake in the program is determined according to the horizontal projection length of the downstream slope of the barrier lake dam body and the initial scouring coefficient.
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