CN111639444B - Method for measuring and calculating sand blocking rate of debris flow blocking dam and application - Google Patents
Method for measuring and calculating sand blocking rate of debris flow blocking dam and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a debris flow blocking dam sand blocking rate measuring and calculating method and application. Aiming at the defects that the optimization thought of debris flow retaining dam sand blocking rate index measurement and calculation in the prior art mainly focuses on considering the influence of the type and the opening size of a permeable retaining dam, the debris flow channel silt flushing form factor is brought into the debris flow channel sand blocking rate measurement and calculation, and the silt flushing form is embodied into three measurable physical quantities of a post-dam silt return ratio drop, an original ditch bed ratio drop and a debris flow channel width, so that a novel debris flow retaining dam sand blocking rate measurement and calculation method is provided. The invention also provides application of the measuring and calculating method in debris flow retaining dam sand blocking performance evaluation and application in debris flow retaining dam dredging engineering. The parameters required by the measuring and calculating method and the application method can be obtained through field investigation, sampling and data collection, are convenient and simple, and are suitable for the requirement of actual engineering design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a debris flow retaining dam engineering measuring and calculating method and application thereof, in particular to a debris flow retaining dam sand blocking rate measuring and calculating method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of debris flow disaster prevention and control engineering.
Background
The blocking dam is an important construction for 'blocking' in 'stabilizing, blocking and discharging' treatment engineering of debris flow, and has been widely applied to prevention and control of debris flow disasters. The device can not only retain part of debris flow solid-phase substances, reduce the scale of the debris flow, but also stabilize the trench slope, control the erosion of the trench and inhibit the development of the debris flow. In the evaluation of the prevention and control effect of the blocking dam engineering, the effect of the blocking dam for regulating debris flow substances and energy is a main project. The sand blocking rate is a specific and important index for evaluating the sand blocking performance of the blocking dam.
In the prior art, a method for measuring and calculating the sand retention rate index comprises the steps of providing a dam measuring and calculating formula aiming at a gap dam in Han Wenbing in basic research on sand retention performance of a debris flow gap dam; sun Hao provides a sand blocking rate measuring formula for beam type grid dams in debris flow beam type grid dam sand blocking and regulation performance test research, and the like. In the optimization idea of the index measurement, the main focus is on considering the influence of the type and the opening size of the permeable barrage. In fact, the barrage is used as a construction body in the debris flow channel, has obvious influence on the erosion and deposition form of the channel, wherein the most important characteristic is that the bed specific gravity of the channel is influenced. The change of the trench bed gradient influences the dynamic condition of debris flow, and further influences the sand blocking rate of the blocking dam. Therefore, the improvement of the sand blocking rate measuring method should comprehensively consider two factors of debris flow channel conditions and dam body structures on the ground instead of simply considering the latter, but the prior art is still lack of the technical concept.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a debris flow retaining dam sand blocking rate measuring and calculating method aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the method can comprehensively consider the influence of two factors, namely debris flow channel conditions and dam body structures on the ground, on the debris flow retaining dam sand blocking rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a debris flow blocking dam sand blocking rate measuring and calculating method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is used for measuring and calculating the sand blocking rate of the debris flow blocking dam meeting the applicable conditions; the applicable conditions are as follows: density of mud-rock flow rho =1300kg/m 3 ～2100kg/m 3 And the debris flow Froude number Fr = 2.0-6.0; for the debris flow blocking dam meeting the applicable conditions, firstly, the site reconnaissance of the debris flow blocking dam and the design data collection of the blocking dam are carried out, and the width B of the debris flow channel, the height H of the blocking dam and the original channel bed gradient S of the debris flow channel are determined init And the silting ratio after dam is decreased by S dep (ii) a Then calculating the sand blocking rate omega of the blocking dam according to the formula 1:
in the formula, omega represents the sand blocking rate of the blocking dam,
S dep -the ratio of silt back-up after the dam is reduced,
h-height of the blocking dam, unit m,
b-debris flow channel width, unit m,
S init -original gully bed gradient of debris flow gully.
The principle of the debris flow blocking dam sand blocking rate measuring and calculating method is as follows:
the sand blocking rate of the debris flow blocking dam is mainly influenced by accumulated mud Sha Chong output V d (the volume of a sediment body formed when the accumulated flushed sediment is completely stopped), and the ratio drop S of the original ditch bed init (refer to the trench bed gradient of the debris flow channel before the blocking dam is built), the height H of the blocking dam and the width B of the debris flow channel, which can be expressed by formula 2:
ω＝g(H,B,V d ,S init ) Formula 2
However, to use equation 2 as the basis of the actual measurement solution, the debris flow density ρ and the froude number Fr need to be considered. The statistics of two indexes of the density rho and the Froude number Fr of the debris flow disclosed by the prior art shows that most of the high-frequency debris flow meets the requirement that the density rho =1300kg/m of the debris flow 3 ～2100kg/m 3 And Froude number Fr = 2.0-6.0. Therefore, the present invention sets the two indexes as the judgment conditions of the applicability of the measuring and calculating method. Based on formula 2, H, B and S are selected init The basic physical quantity is represented by formula 3 by dimensional analysis:
in engineering practice, extreme rainfall events can affect the statistics and determination of all mud-rock flows possibly encountered in engineering design service life, thereby affecting the accumulated silt discharge V to a certain extent d And directly investigating the accuracy of measurement and calculation. Therefore, the invention introduces the post-dam silting ratio drop S of the blocking dam dep Indirectly measuring and calculating the discharge V of accumulated silt d . Analyzing according to the principle, designing a system experiment, and establishing a vertical type 4 according to an experiment result:
the connection type 3 and the formula 4 are shown as formula 1, and the method can be used for measuring and calculating the sand blocking rate omega of the blocking dam meeting the applicable conditions.
Under preferred conditions, the above method can be optimized as follows: expanding the applicable conditions of the measuring and calculating method, further comprising the original trench bed gradient S init = 0.1-0.3 and the siltation ratio after dam is decreased by S dep ＞0。
The method for measuring and calculating the sand blocking rate of the debris flow blocking dam fully considers the influence of the debris flow scouring and silting form on the sand blocking rate of the blocking dam, so that the method can more accurately reflect the sand blocking performance of the dam in the operation evaluation of the debris flow blocking dam which is built and operated for a period of time and has obvious silting and even full silting (namely, the working condition of full reservoir), and has higher application value. Therefore, the invention further provides the application of the debris flow retaining dam sand blocking rate measurement and calculation in debris flow retaining dam sand blocking performance evaluation.
The debris flow blocking dam sand blocking rate measuring and calculating method is applied to debris flow blocking dam sand blocking performance evaluation.
The application method is particularly used for evaluating the sand blocking performance of the debris flow blocking dam under the full-warehouse working condition of the built operation.
Meanwhile, the sand blocking rate is measured and calculated by introducing a post-dam silt-back ratio drop S related to the operation performance of the blocking dam dep And the variables are variable, so that the dredging project of the retaining dam can be guided by utilizing the inverse calculation of the measuring and calculating method.
The debris flow blocking dam sand blocking rate measuring and calculating method is applied to debris flow blocking dam dredging engineering.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the single idea that the influence of two factors, namely the type of the permeable retaining dam and the size of the opening, on the sand blocking rate omega of the retaining dam is only considered in the prior art is overcome, and the scouring and silting form factor of the debris flow channel is taken into consideration. On the basis, the erosion-deposition form of the debris flow channel is embodied as the post-dam back-deposition gradient S dep Proportional drop of original ditch bed S init And measuring three physical quantities of the debris flow channel width B, thereby constructing a new debris flow blocking dam sand blocking rate measuring and calculating method. The measuring and calculating method provided by the invention has clear applicable conditions, the measuring and calculating process is more in line with scientific principles, and more accurate basis can be provided for the evaluation and design of the sand blocking performance of the blocking dam. The measurement method fully considers the scouring and silting form of the debris flow channel, and particularly introduces the silting-back ratio drop S after the dam dep The invention also provides the application of the measuring and calculating method in the debris flow retaining dam silt stopping performance evaluation and the debris flow retaining dam dredging engineering. The parameters required by the measuring and calculating method and the application method can be obtained through field investigation, sampling and data collection, are convenient and simple, and meet the requirement of actual engineering design.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example one
The debris flow channel is exposed to many times, which seriously affects the life and property safety of local people. In order to reduce debris flow disasters, beam type grid retaining dams are built in the debris flow channel circulation area. Determining the original ditch bed gradient S of the ditch section of the blocking dam according to the design data of the blocking dam init =0.25, debris flow channel width B =40m, and barrage height H =10m. The blocking dam operates for 5 years and is full of silt, and the post-dam siltation gradient S is determined through site reconnaissance dep =0.15. The method is adopted to measure and calculate the sand blocking rate omega of the blocking dam.
Actually observing and sampling, and determining the fluid density rho =1300kg/m of the debris flow 3 And the method accords with the applicable conditions of the measuring and calculating method. And (4) calculating the Fraude number Fr =5.5 of the debris flow, and also meeting the applicable conditions of the measuring and calculating method.
Reducing the ratio of the silt flowing back to the rear of the dam by S dep =0.15, height H =10m of retaining dam, width B =40m of debris flow trench, and original trench bed slope S init =0.25 for formula 1, and the calculated sand retention rate ω =0.4751.
If the sand blocking rate measuring and calculating method provided by Sun Hao in the prior art is adopted (2017, the debris flow beam type grid dam blocking critical criterion and the sand blocking performance test research thereof, formula (5)): supplementing other data (including beam spacing b =0.30m, and characteristic particle size d of silt in the debris flow) 90 =0.25m, silt particle density =2700kg/m 3 Volume concentration C of mud-rock flow v = 0.18), ω =0.3006 is calculated as follows. Therefore, the prior art needs more calculation variables, and the evaluation on the sand blocking performance of the dam body is low due to the fact that the debris flow communication silt flushing form is not considered.
Example two
The debris flow channel can burst debris flow for many times, so that the risk of silting up the channel mouth farmland and blocking the downstream main river can be avoided. In order to alleviate the debris flow disasters, a blocking dam needs to be built in the debris flow circulation area to block and store the sediment. The original trench bed gradient S of the trench section of the blocking dam init =0.15, debris flow channel width B =100m, and dam heightH =10m. In order to ensure that the downstream main river channel is not blocked, the sand blocking rate omega of the blocking dam is required to be kept above 50%.
Method for evaluating siltation gradient S behind dam by using method of the invention dep When the sand is needed to be removed, namely the silt-back ratio drop S behind the dam with the sand blocking rate of the retaining dam kept above 50 percent is kept dep What the critical value is.
Determining the density rho =2100kg/m of the debris flow fluid in the debris flow channel through actual observation sampling 3 And meets the applicable conditions of the measuring and calculating method. And (4) calculating the Fraude number Fr =4.0 of the debris flow, and also meeting the applicable conditions of the measuring and calculating method.
The sand blocking rate omega is more than or equal to 0.5, and the post-dam silt-returning ratio is reduced by S dep =0.15, height H =10m of retaining dam, width B =100m of debris flow trench, and specific drop of original trench bed S init Replacing formula 1 with 0.15, and calculating the siltation ratio drop S after dam existence dep Less than or equal to 0.0631. Namely, only the back silting ratio of the channel inner dam is ensured to be reduced by S dep The sand blocking rate omega of the blocking dam can be kept above 50% when the value is less than or equal to 0.0631, otherwise, the silt is required to be immediately removed.
The existing sand retention rate measuring and calculating formula does not consider the step S of silt return ratio after dam dep The function of calculating the back-silting ratio drop critical value through the inversion of the constraint condition of the sand blocking rate is not available, and the method cannot be applied to practical desilting engineering.
Claims (5)
1. The debris flow blocking dam sand blocking rate measuring and calculating method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method is used for measuring and calculating the sand blocking rate of the debris flow blocking dam meeting the applicable conditions; the applicable conditions are as follows: density of mud-rock flow rho =1300kg/m 3 ～2100kg/m 3 And the froude number Fr = 2.0-6.0; for the debris flow blocking dam meeting the applicable conditions, firstly, the site reconnaissance of the debris flow blocking dam and the design data collection of the blocking dam are carried out, and the width B of the debris flow channel, the height H of the blocking dam and the original channel bed gradient S of the debris flow channel are determined init And the silting ratio after dam is decreased by S dep (ii) a And then calculating the sand blocking rate omega of the blocking dam according to the formula 1:
in the formula, omega is the sand blocking rate of the blocking dam,
S dep -the ratio of silt back-up after the dam is reduced,
h-height of the blocking dam, unit m,
b-debris flow channel width, unit m,
S init -original gully bed gradient of debris flow gully.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the applicable conditions also comprise the initial ditch bed gradient S init = 0.1-0.3 and the siltation ratio after dam is decreased by S dep ＞0。
3. The method for measuring and calculating the debris flow barrage debris trapping rate of the debris flow barrage according to claim 1 or 2, and the method is applied to debris flow barrage debris trapping performance evaluation.
4. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that: the debris flow blocking dam is an established debris flow blocking dam under the working condition of a full reservoir.
5. The method for measuring and calculating the debris holding rate of the debris flow retaining dam according to claim 1 or 2 is applied to debris flow retaining dam dredging engineering.
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