CN110083898A - Window dam regulates and controls viscous mud-flow grain diameter evaluation method - Google Patents
Window dam regulates and controls viscous mud-flow grain diameter evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of window dams to regulate and control viscous mud-flow grain diameter evaluation method, include: obtain mud-rock flow initial material in and after window dam regulates and controls mud-rock flow grading curve, and respectively determine initial material and regulation after mud-rock flow characteristic diameter；Mud-rock flow grading curve is analyzed according to Analytical Methods of Grain Grade, and the mud-rock flow grading curve under the conditions of φ system is converted it into, the characteristic diameter of mud-rock flow after initial material and regulation is read respectively: calculating the comprehensive average grain diameter ratio of mud-rock flow: whether adjustment effect is played to viscous mud-flow than estimation window dam according to the comprehensive average grain diameter of calculated mud-rock flow.The present invention has comprehensively considered influence of the principal elements such as mud-rock flow bulk density, grain composition, window dam opening width, window dam open height, window dam aperture opening ratio to mud-rock flow grain diameter ratio situation of change, so that designed openings parameter is closer to the applicable cases in Practical Project, specific aim is stronger, and applicability is also stronger.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to disaster prevention field of engineering technology, specifically window dam is directed to viscous mud-flow
The evaluation method of grain size control performance.
Background technique
Mud-rock flow be a kind of common three-phase mixture for being full of a large amount of silts, stone and boulder in mountain area under the effect of gravity
Along the Sudden Natural Disasters phenomenon of hillslope overland flow, since it has high bulk density, high flow rate, big flow, punching during the motion
The features such as power is big, sudden strong is hit, thus there is very strong destructive power.Viscous mud-flow coarse granule content is more, fine particle content
It is also the maximum type of harm that height, which is most common in Types of Debris Flow, high in China Qinghai-Tibet Platean, river Yunnan Hengduanshan Mountains In China and Yunnan-Guizhou
Original, Qin_Ba mountain areas, southeastern coast and Central China In The Low Mountain-hill Region have widely distributed, and the construction of infrastructure in recent years is not in addition
It is disconnected to be extended energetically to western mountainous areas, the viscous mud-flow ditch of a large amount of harmful property is more likely formed under the action of rainfall, thus into
The control of row viscous mud-flow ditch disaster is one of key content of future work.
Currently, the prevention and treatment of China's mud-stone flow disaster passes through debris dam mainly by building debris dam in debris flow gully
Blocking for mud-rock flow is achieved the effect that prevent and reduce natural disasters, but since entity dam permeability is poor, it is easy to be filled out by mud-rock flow siltation
It is full, to lose its peak function that disappears of blocking to mud-rock flow, start to develop various infiltration type debris dams thus.Viscous mud-flow is viscous
Degree is big, and water sand is difficult to separate, and is easy to cause various problems when general infiltration type debris dam regulates and controls it, as debris dam because
Dam structure intensity deficiency occurs dam structure and destroys or because mud-rock flow water sand is difficult to that mud-rock flow occurs in debris dam library due to separation
Interior transition siltation problem etc..Window dam is one kind of infiltration type debris dam, and it is one that it, which is that some big openings are arranged in entity dam,
Kind is largely used in China's debris flow control works with the comprehensive debris dam type for arranging effect of leading and block.
Adjustment effect to mud-rock flow grain diameter is one of the major function of infiltration type debris dam.Infiltration type debris dam is logical
Coarse grained overcurrent in its dam body opening limitation mud-rock flow is crossed, and the solid matter less than a certain partial size is allowed to pass through, to reach
To the effects of adjusting mud-rock flow solid grain size, change mud-rock flow property, reduce state of debris flow disasters.
The research that mud-rock flow grain diameter effect is adjusted about infiltration type debris dam, at present mainly to the granular-grade of mud-rock flow
Match, the progress qualitative analysis of each particle percentage composition, quantitative analysis is also mainly in conjunction with d50It is analyzed, and for sticky mudstone
For stream, multi-peak is generally presented in grading curve, using d50The whole feelings of mud-rock flow grain composition can not be accurately reflected
Condition, therefore be applicable in ineffective.And it is even more several in relation to quantitative analysis of the window dam to viscous mud-flow grain diameter regulating effect
It is in blank stage.Therefore, the present invention proposes that window dam, can to the evaluation method of viscous mud-flow grain diameter regulating effect
Foundation is provided to regulate and control the design of the particle situation and window dam opening parameter of viscous mud-flow for window dam, is needed with adapting to engineering
It wants.
The present invention is based on the grain size analysis theories in STUDY OF SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT, in conjunction with indoor water tank model-test data, pass through
Mud-rock flow grain diameter is converted twice, gives quantitative calculating of the window dam to viscous mud-flow grain diameter ability of regulation and control
The empirical equation of method, to which reference can be provided for the design of later period Practical Project.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, it proposes one kind and fully considers mud-rock flow bulk density, mud-rock flow grain composition, window dam
The window dam of opening width, the factors such as open height, aperture opening ratio and its correlativity regulates and controls viscous mud-flow grain diameter effect
Evaluation method.
To solve the above problems, providing a kind of window dam regulation sticky particle partial size as one aspect of the present invention
Evaluation method, comprising:
Step 1, obtain mud-rock flow initial material in and after window dam regulates and controls mud-rock flow grading curve, and point
Not Que Ding initial material and regulation after mud-rock flow characteristic diameter dmax、d16、d50、d84, mud-rock flow bulk density γ c, window dam opening
Width b, window dam open height h, window dam aperture opening ratio λ；
Step 2, mud-rock flow grading curve is analyzed according to Analytical Methods of Grain Grade, and converts it into φ item
Mud-rock flow grading curve under part reads the characteristic diameter φ of mud-rock flow after initial material and regulation respectively16、φ50、
φ84, it is calculated using the conversion that following formula carries out debris flow characteristic value φ value:
φ=- log2D formula 1
Wherein, D is the diameter of mud-rock flow solid particle；
Step 3, the comprehensive average grain diameter ratio of mud-rock flow is calculated according to the following formula:
R=-1.966+0.256b/dmax+0.177h/b+1.012λ+2.751CvFormula 2
In formula: R is the comprehensive average grain diameter ratio of mud-rock flow, b/dmaxFor the opposed open width of window dam, h/b is window dam
Be open depth-width ratio, and λ is aperture opening ratio, CvFor mud-rock flow volumetric concentration；
Step 4, whether average grain diameter is integrated than estimation window dam to viscous mud-flow according to the calculated mud-rock flow of step 3
Play adjustment effect.
In this way, can use according to whether having and adjusting, the calculation method is applied to window dam to mud-rock flow particle
The evaluation of size control effect, and instruct the design of window dam opening parameter.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the comprehensive average grain diameter ratio of the mud-rock flow in step 3 is determined by following formula mode:
Step 31, the mud-rock flow average grain diameter of mud-rock flow after initial material and regulation is calculated separately using following formula:
Wherein, MZFor the average grain diameter under φ system, φ16、φ50、φ84Respectively indicate quality cumulative level be 16%,
50%, 84% when granularity；
Step 32, the comprehensive average grain diameter of the mud-rock flow of mud-rock flow after initial material and regulation is turned respectively using following formula
Change and calculate:
Wherein, L is the average grain diameter under millimeter partial size, is defined as comprehensive average grain diameter, unit mm；
Step 33, the calculating of the comprehensive average grain diameter ratio of mud-rock flow is carried out using following formula:
Wherein, R is comprehensive average grain diameter ratio, LdFor the comprehensive average grain of the regulation rear hatch dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches after conversion
Diameter, LoFor the synthesis average grain diameter of the mud-rock flow initial material after conversion；
Step 34, the R according to obtained in step 33, using multiple linear function, polynary logarithmic function, multivariate exponential function
Regression analysis is carried out to each factor that mud-rock flow grain diameter is adjusted is influenced, by comparing the coefficient of determination and and original number of formula
According to degree of correlation, from many kinds of function choose R optimal function expression formula, obtain the optimal value of each factor parameter, from
And obtain the calculation formula of the comprehensive average grain diameter ratio of mud-rock flow.
Preferably, the step 4 specifically includes: when the comprehensive average grain diameter ratio of mud-rock flow is more than or equal to 1, then showing
Window dam does not play adjustment effect to viscous mud-flow；When the comprehensive average grain diameter ratio of mud-rock flow is less than 1, illustrate window dam pair
Viscous mud-flow has adjustment effect, and ratio is smaller, and adjustment effect is more obvious.
Preferably, CvIt is determined according to field investigation and/or indoor test and/or industry standard, it can be according to mud-rock flow bulk density
γ c is determined.
Preferably, CvIt is determined by following formula:
Wherein, γ c is mud-rock flow bulk density, unit t/m3, the determination of field investigation combination related specifications；γ w is in mud-rock flow
The bulk density of water, unit t/m3, value 1.0；γ s is the entity bulk density of the soil body in mud-rock flow, unit t/m3, field investigation combination phase
Specification is closed to determine.
Before step 1 further include: disaster prevention is carried out to the quasi- debris flow gully for carrying out debris flow control works
Engineering investigation is greater than 1.80t/m in clear this area's mud-rock flow bulk density3Under the premise of, it is applicable in the method for the present invention.
Using the method in the present invention, viscous mud-flow grain diameter regulating effect can be mentioned for rationally determining window dam
For evaluation index, serviced by the cause of preventing and reducing natural disasters.
Innovation of the invention is:
(1) the grain size analysis theory in STUDY OF SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT is applied to window dam to adjust viscous mud-flow grain diameter
In the evaluation of effect, it can sufficiently reflect each interval range mud-rock flow granule content of mud-rock flow particle to the shadow of mud-rock flow gradation
It rings, can accurately reflect the central tendency of mud-rock flow grain diameter.
(2) first passage converts partial size twice, the negative value situation occurred in the diameter that can pelletize to avoid φ, can be by it
As a result it is applied to evaluation of result, reasonable reflection window dam can be obtained to the function and effect of mud-rock flow grain diameter.
(3) compared with prior art, the present invention comprehensively considered mud-rock flow bulk density, grain composition, window dam opening width,
Influence of the principal elements such as window dam open height, window dam aperture opening ratio to mud-rock flow grain diameter ratio situation of change, so that
For designed openings parameter closer to the applicable cases in Practical Project, specific aim is stronger, and applicability is also stronger.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 schematically shows window dam main view；
Fig. 2 schematically shows mud-rock flow grain diameter grading curve figures under millimeter partial size；
Fig. 3 schematically shows the grading curve figure using mud-rock flow under φ granulation diameter.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below, but what the present invention can be defined by the claims and cover
Multitude of different ways is implemented.
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows.The window dam that the method for the present invention is applied to Sichuan Province's Aba Prefecture debris flow gully occludes
Classification differentiates.
Certain debris flow gully is located at that Sichuan Province's Aba Prefecture is domestic, belongs to the level-one tributary of Ming River, drainage area 64.3km2, tap drain
Length about 16.2km, tap drain bed average gradient ratio are reduced to 169.04 ‰.Once extensive mud-rock flow was broken out in ditch causes serious warp
Ji loss and casualties.To avoid mud-rock flow to the security of the lives and property of local villager and the normal operation of exit or entrance of a clitch enterprise campus
It threatens, the control of disaster has been carried out to debris flow gully, a series of debris flow control works have been built, wherein being located at
The tap drain 3# control type debris dam in debris flow gully middle reaches gradient sudden turn of events area is typical window dam.
Fig. 1 is the front view of 3# window dam.3# window dam dam body is made of Reinforced Concrete Materials.After actual measurement, window
Dam dam crest axis overall length 54.2m, dam lower shaft line overall length 30.8m, push up overall length 29.2m on overflow port, and overflow port is gone to the bottom overall length
24.3m, the high 2.3m of overflow port, effectively retaining height is 6.0m, and window dam opening is open using single rectangular, pore size 0.6
× 0.8m arranges that lateral clear spacing 3.2m between single opening, vertical clear spacing is 2.0m, is in 6 holes under two rows of upper 7 holes
" product " shape arrangement.Since the dam 3# is located at debris flow gully downstream gradient sudden turn of events area, the upstream ditch bed gradient 0.04, the downstream ditch bed gradient
0.15, it is a control type debris dam of this area, setting purpose mainly controls upstream incoming flow of blocking using debris dam, right
Mud-rock flow grain diameter is adjusted, while the effects of play regulation to the overcurrent flow of mud-rock flow, avoiding in the mud-rock flow of upstream big
The direct overcurrent of block stone causes serious erosion damage to downstream.
By field investigation on-the-spot investigation, mud-rock flow bulk density γ c=1.93t/ when being determined P=5% (meeting for 20 years one)
m3, mud-rock flow category viscous mud-flow.To taken respectively at the window above and below the dam and material resource many places mud-rock flow sample carry out point with
And the experiment of mud-rock flow Malvern, it obtains mud-rock flow grading curve (as shown in Figure 2), is carried out φ conversion, can obtained
The grading curve (as shown in Figure 3) of mud-rock flow, can read φ under pelletizing diameter to φ16=3.071, φ50=-1.371,
φ84The average grain diameter of upstream mud-rock flow can be obtained in=- 4.092Pass through formula againLo=1.738mm can be obtained in the comprehensive average grain diameter of the millimeter system that is scaled to；Same method obtainsIt pelletizes under diameter
The grading curve of mud-rock flow reads φ16=3.523, φ50=1.092, φ84Upstream mudstone can be obtained in=- 3.800
The average grain diameter of streamPass through formula againThe millimeter system that is scaled to is comprehensive flat
Equal partial size Ld=0.829mm；Finally above-mentioned parameter value is brought into formula 5 to obtain the comprehensive average grain diameter ratio R of mud-rock flow is 0.474 small
In 0.5, determine that window dam has played preferable particle size adjustment function to mud-rock flow grain diameter.
Embodiment two
As shown in Figure 1.The method of the present invention is applied to the window dam opening parameter designing of Wenchuan County in Sichuan Province debris flow gully.
It is domestic that certain debris flow gully is located at Wenchuan County, is Ming River left bank level-one tributary.The Watershed form is approximately diamond shape, stream
Domain area 7.16km2, basin longitudinal length 4.32km, mean breadth 1.66km.Tap drain lengthwise 4583m, tap drain average gradient drop
388‰.The ditch is the very frequent old debris flow gully of the region debris flow, and due to this area, Ming River river is narrow, in hair
Raw fairly large mud-rock flow causes Ming River to block to form barrier lake, and seriously threatens the exit or entrance of a clitch and reflect river in Shangdong Province highway and G213 route
Normal traffic safety.
To avoid the debris flow gully because blocking up river caused by outburst mud-rock flow, and the exit or entrance of a clitch is protected to reflect river in Shangdong Province highway and G213 route
Normal traffic safety, intend building more window dams in the ditch.The main function for building window dam is the ladder for utilizing window dam
Grade regulating and controlling effect, first sufficiently blocks to mud-rock flow solid matter in debris flow gully by middle and upper reaches window dam, recycles
Mud-rock flow siltation effect carries out gentle slope of back-silting in window dam library, reduces mud-rock flow overcurrent flow velocity, density and scale, under
The window dam of trip blocks to mud-rock flow, and rising reduces debris flow and landslips, mitigates state of debris flow disasters effect.The design of the dam window dam 1#
Present position is located at the ditch In The Middle Reaches, and purpose of design, which essentially consists in, intercepts big particle in mud-rock flow, plays window dam
Particle size adjustment function, therefore the comprehensive average grain diameter ratio of mud-rock flow need to be reduced to 0.6 or less by the window dam.
According to engineering design requirements, it is designed according to the design standard of P=5% (meeting for 20 years one).Pass through field investigation
With indoor test, soil body entity bulk density γ s=2.72t/m in mud-rock flow when P=5%3, mud-rock flow bulk density γ c=2.02t/m3,
It is suitble to the method for the present invention；Determine that (megalith carried in ditch through mud-rock flow removes the largest particles partial size dmax=0.55m in mud-rock flow
Outside).
According to engineering project background, mud-rock flow incoming flow situation and channel section situation, the dam window dam 1# dam body master is determined
The basic parameter of body structure, window dam dam body are made of concrete material, and the effective height of dam 9.2m in design window dam, mudstone flows through
Flow the following cross sectional area 192.28m of the effective height of dam of window dam in range2.Design window dam opening is all opened using single rectangular
Mouthful, aperture number 16, bore size is 0.8 × 1.2m, in upper 5 hole of three rows, in 6 holes, lower 5 holes arrange, between single opening
Lateral clear spacing 1.8m, vertical clear spacing are 1.5m, are arranged in " product " shape.
Mud-rock flow silt volumetric concentration C can be calculated by above-mentioned datav=0.59, window dam opposed open width b/
dmax=1.45, be open depth-width ratio h/b=1.50, aperture opening ratio λ=0.08, and acquired results are substituted into formula 2, formula 6, whole to window dam
Body can be calculated
R=-1.966+0.256b/dmax+0.177h/b+1.012λ+2.751Cv=0.384,
R value is less than 0.6, it is believed that this kind of window dam opening can play preferable mud-rock flow grain diameter to viscous mud-flow
Reduction effect, window dam opening width, window dam open height, window dam aperture opening ratio are able to satisfy design requirement.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of window dam regulates and controls viscous mud-flow grain diameter evaluation method, which is characterized in that including
Step 1, obtain in mud-rock flow initial material and after window dam regulates and controls mud-rock flow grading curve, and it is true respectively
The characteristic diameter d of mud-rock flow after determining initial material and regulating and controllingmax、d16、d50、d84, mud-rock flow bulk density γc, window dam opening width
B, window dam open height h, window dam aperture opening ratio λ；
Step 2, mud-rock flow grading curve is analyzed according to Analytical Methods of Grain Grade, and converted it under the conditions of φ system
Mud-rock flow grading curve, respectively read initial material and regulation after mud-rock flow characteristic diameter φ16、φ50、φ84, adopt
It is calculated with the conversion that following formula carries out debris flow characteristic value φ value:
φ=- log2D formula 1
Wherein, D is the diameter of mud-rock flow solid particle；
Step 3, the comprehensive average grain diameter ratio of mud-rock flow is calculated according to the following formula:
R=-1.966+0.256b/dmax+0.177h/b+1.012λ+2.751CvFormula 2
In formula: R is the comprehensive average grain diameter ratio of mud-rock flow, b/dmaxFor the opposed open width of window dam, h/b is window dam opening
Depth-width ratio, λ are aperture opening ratio, CvFor mud-rock flow volumetric concentration；
Step 4, whether viscous mud-flow is played according to the comprehensive average grain diameter of the calculated mud-rock flow of step 3 than estimation window dam
Adjustment effect.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the calculating of the comprehensive average grain diameter ratio of mud-rock flow in step 3
Formula is determined by following formula mode:
Step 31, the mud-rock flow average grain diameter of mud-rock flow after initial material and regulation is calculated separately using following formula:
Wherein, MZFor the average grain diameter under φ system, φ16、φ50、φ84Respectively indicating quality cumulative level is 16%, 50%, 84%
When granularity；
Step 32, conversion meter is carried out to the comprehensive average grain diameter of the mud-rock flow of mud-rock flow after initial material and regulation respectively using following formula
It calculates:
Wherein, L is the average grain diameter under millimeter partial size, is defined as comprehensive average grain diameter, unit mm；
Step 33, the calculating of the comprehensive average grain diameter ratio of mud-rock flow is carried out using following formula:
Wherein, R is comprehensive average grain diameter ratio, LdFor the comprehensive average grain diameter of regulation rear hatch dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches after conversion, LoFor
The synthesis average grain diameter of mud-rock flow initial material after conversion；
Step 34, the R according to obtained in step 33, using multiple linear function, polynary logarithmic function, multivariate exponential function to shadow
Ring mud-rock flow grain diameter adjust each factor carry out regression analysis, by comparing formula the coefficient of determination and with initial data
Degree of correlation chooses the optimal function expression formula of R from many kinds of function, obtains the optimal value of each factor parameter, thus
To the calculation formula of the comprehensive average grain diameter ratio of mud-rock flow.
3. method according to claims 1 and 2, which is characterized in that the step 4 specifically includes: when mud-rock flow is comprehensive flat
When equal partial size ratio is more than or equal to 1, then show that window dam does not play adjustment effect to viscous mud-flow；When mud-rock flow is comprehensive
When average grain diameter ratio is less than 1, illustrate that window dam has adjustment effect to viscous mud-flow, and ratio is smaller, adjustment effect is more obvious.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein CvAccording to field investigation and/or indoor test and/or industry
Specification determination, can be according to mud-rock flow bulk density γcIt determines.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein CvIt is determined by following formula:
Wherein, γcFor mud-rock flow bulk density, unit t/m3, the determination of field investigation combination related specifications；γwFor the appearance of water in mud-rock flow
Weight, unit t/m3, value 1.0；γsFor the entity bulk density of the soil body in mud-rock flow, unit t/m3, field investigation combination related specifications
It determines.
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| CN111815195B (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2023-04-18 | 四川大学 | Landslide barrier lake burst risk assessment method |
| CN113420453A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-09-21 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Debris flow damming dam bursting flood peak flow calculation method |
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