CN110083898B - Evaluation method for particle size of particles of viscous debris flow regulated and controlled by window dam - Google Patents
Evaluation method for particle size of particles of viscous debris flow regulated and controlled by window dam Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for evaluating particle size of particles of a window dam regulated and controlled viscous debris flow, which comprises the following steps: obtaining particle grading curves of the debris flow in the debris flow original material and the debris flow regulated and controlled by the window dam, and respectively determining the characteristic particle size of the original material and the regulated and controlled debris flow; analyzing the debris flow particle grading curve according to a particle size analysis method, converting the particle grading curve into a debris flow particle grading curve under a phi system condition, and respectively reading the characteristic particle sizes of the original material and the regulated debris flow: calculating the comprehensive average particle diameter ratio of the debris flow: and evaluating whether the window dam has an adjusting effect on the viscous debris flow according to the calculated comprehensive average particle diameter ratio of the debris flow. The method comprehensively considers the influence of main factors such as volume weight, particle grading, opening width of the window dam, opening height of the window dam, opening rate of the window dam and the like of the debris flow on the change condition of the particle diameter ratio of the debris flow, so that the design opening parameters are closer to the application condition in the actual engineering, the pertinence is stronger, and the applicability is stronger.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of debris flow disaster prevention and control engineering, in particular to a method for evaluating the particle size regulation and control performance of a window dam aiming at viscous debris flow particles.
Background
The debris flow is a common sudden natural disaster phenomenon that a multiphase mixture saturated with a large amount of silt, stones and boulders flows along a slope surface under the action of gravity in mountainous areas, and has strong destructive power due to the characteristics of high volume weight, high flow speed, large flow, large impact force, strong sudden performance and the like in the movement process. The viscous debris flow has a large content of coarse particles and a high content of fine particles, is the most common and most harmful type in debris flow types, is widely distributed in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, chuan Dian horizontal mountain and Yugui plateau, qinba mountain area, southeast coastal area and China low mountain and hilly area, and in recent years, the construction of infrastructure is continuously and vigorously expanded to the western mountain area, so that a large number of harmful viscous debris flow ditches are more easily formed under the action of rainfall, and therefore, the treatment work of the disasters of the viscous debris flow ditches is one of key contents of future work.
At present, the prevention and control of debris flow disasters in China mainly achieve the effects of disaster prevention and disaster reduction by building a debris dam in a debris flow ditch and blocking debris flows through the debris dam, but the solid dam is poor in permeability and easy to silt up and fill up by debris flows, so that the debris flow blocking and peak eliminating functions are lost, and various permeable debris dams are developed for the purpose. The viscosity of the viscous debris flow is large, water and sand are difficult to separate, and various problems are easily caused when the viscous debris flow is regulated and controlled by a general permeable debris dam, such as the structural damage of the debris dam caused by the insufficient structural strength of the debris dam or the transitional sedimentation of the debris flow in a debris dam reservoir caused by the difficulty in separating the water and the sand of the debris flow. The window dam is one kind of permeable sand-blocking dam, which has large openings on the solid dam, is a comprehensive sand-blocking dam with drainage and blocking functions, and has been used in mud-rock flow preventing and controlling engineering in China.
The adjusting function of the particle size of the debris flow particles is one of the main functions of the transmission type sand dam. The permeation type sand blocking dam limits the overflowing of coarse particles in the debris flow through the opening of the dam body, and allows solid substances smaller than a certain particle size to pass through, so that the effects of adjusting the particle size of the solid particles in the debris flow, changing the property of the debris flow, reducing the harm of the debris flow and the like are achieved.
Adjustment of permeable sand damThe research on the particle size effect of the debris flow mainly carries out qualitative analysis on the particle size distribution and the percentage content of each particle of the debris flow at present, and the quantitative analysis mainly combines d 50 The analysis was carried out, and for viscous debris flows, the particle grading curve generally exhibits multiple peaks, using d 50 The whole condition of the particle composition of the debris flow cannot be accurately reflected, so the application effect is not good. And the quantitative analysis of the effect of the window dam on the particle size regulation of the viscous debris flow is almost in a blank stage. Therefore, the evaluation method of the window dam for the particle size regulation effect of the viscous debris flow can provide basis for the design of the particle condition of the viscous debris flow regulated and controlled by the window dam and the opening parameter of the window dam so as to adapt to engineering requirements.
Based on the particle size analysis theory in the research of the deposition environment, the invention combines the experimental data of an indoor water tank model, and the particle size of the debris flow particles is converted twice, thereby providing an empirical formula of a quantitative calculation method of the window dam for the regulation and control capability of the particle size of the viscous debris flow particles, and providing reference for the design of later actual engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the method for evaluating the effect of regulating and controlling the particle size of the viscous debris flow particles by the window dam is provided by fully considering factors such as the volume weight of the debris flow, the particle grading of the debris flow, the opening width of the window dam, the opening height, the opening ratio and the like and the correlation of the factors.
In order to solve the above problems, as an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for evaluating particle size of sticky particles regulated by a window dam, comprising:
φ＝-log 2 d formula 1
Wherein D is the diameter of the solid particles of the debris flow;
step 3, calculating the comprehensive average particle diameter ratio of the debris flow according to the following formula:
R＝-1.966+0.256b/d max +0.177h/b+1.012λ+2.751C v formula 2
In the formula: r is the comprehensive average particle diameter ratio of the debris flow, b/d max The relative opening width of the window dam, h/b the opening height-width ratio of the window dam, lambda the opening ratio, C v Is the volume concentration of the debris flow;
and 4, evaluating whether the window dam has an adjusting effect on the viscous debris flow according to the comprehensive average particle diameter ratio of the debris flow calculated in the step 3.
Therefore, the calculation method can be applied to the evaluation of the window dam on the particle size regulation and control effect of debris flow particles and the guidance of the design of the opening parameters of the window dam according to whether regulation and use are available or not.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the comprehensive average particle size ratio of the debris flow in the step 3 is determined by the following formula:
step 31, calculating the average particle size of the debris flow of the original material and the regulated debris flow respectively by adopting the following formula:
wherein, M Z Is the average particle diameter in phi system, phi 16 、φ 50 、φ 84 The particle sizes at 16%, 50%, and 84% of the cumulative mass content, respectively;
step 32, respectively converting and calculating the comprehensive average particle size of the debris flow of the original material and the regulated debris flow by adopting the following formula:
wherein L is the average particle size in millimeters, defined as the composite average particle size in mm;
step 33, calculating the comprehensive average particle diameter ratio of the debris flow by adopting the following formula:
wherein R is the comprehensive average particle diameter ratio, L d The converted comprehensive average particle size L of the downstream debris flow of the rear window dam is regulated and controlled o The converted comprehensive average particle size of the debris flow raw material is obtained;
and step 34, performing regression analysis on all factors influencing the particle size adjustment of the debris flow by adopting a multivariate linear function, a multivariate logarithmic function and a multivariate exponential function according to the R obtained in the step 33, and selecting an optimal function expression of the R from the multiple functions by comparing the coefficient of the formula and the correlation degree with the original data to obtain the optimal value of each factor parameter so as to obtain a calculation formula of the comprehensive average particle size ratio of the debris flow.
Preferably, the step 4 specifically includes: when the comprehensive average particle diameter ratio of the debris flow is more than or equal to 1, the window dam does not have the regulation effect on the viscous debris flow; when the comprehensive average particle size ratio of the debris flow is less than 1, the window dam has an adjusting effect on the viscous debris flow, and the smaller the ratio is, the more obvious the adjusting effect is.
Preferably, C v According to field survey and/or indoor tests and/or industry specifications, can be determined according to the mud-rock flow volume weight gammac.
Preferably, C v Determined by the following formula:
wherein gammac is mud stone flow volumeWeight, unit t/m 3 Determining field survey by combining relevant specifications; gamma-w is the volume weight of water in the debris flow, unit t/m 3 The value is 1.0; gamma s is the solid volume weight of the soil in the debris flow, unit t/m 3 And determining by combining field survey with relevant specifications.
Before step 1, the method further comprises the following steps: carrying out the investigation of the debris flow disaster prevention and control project on the debris flow ditch which is about to carry out the debris flow prevention and control project, and determining that the volume weight of the debris flow in the region is more than 1.80t/m 3 On the premise of (1), the method of the present invention is applicable.
By adopting the method, evaluation indexes can be provided for reasonably determining the effect of the window dam on adjusting the particle size of the viscous debris flow particles, and the method can serve disaster prevention and reduction utilities.
The innovation of the invention is that:
(1) The particle size analysis theory in the research of the deposition environment is applied to the evaluation of the window dam on the particle size regulation effect of viscous debris flow particles, the influence of the content of the debris flow particles in each interval range of the debris flow particles on the debris flow gradation can be fully reflected, and the concentration trend of the particle size of the debris flow particles can be accurately reflected.
(2) The particle size is converted for two times for the first time, so that the negative value condition in the phi-made particle size can be avoided, the result can be applied to result evaluation, and the effect of reasonably reflecting the window dam on the particle size of the debris flow particles can be obtained.
(3) Compared with the prior art, the method comprehensively considers the influence of main factors such as volume weight, particle grading, opening width of the window dam, opening height of the window dam, opening ratio of the window dam and the like on the change condition of the particle diameter ratio value of the debris flow, so that the design opening parameter is closer to the application condition in the actual engineering, the pertinence is stronger, and the applicability is stronger.
Drawings
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a front view of a window dam;
FIG. 2 schematically shows a particle size grading graph for a debris flow at millimeter particle size;
figure 3 schematically shows a particle grading diagram for a debris flow using a granulation diameter.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, but the invention can be practiced in many different ways, as defined and covered by the claims.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3. The method is applied to judging the window dam blocking type of a certain debris flow gully in Alba of Sichuan province.
A debris flow channel is positioned in the state of Alba of Sichuan province and belongs to a first-level branch of Minjiang, and the area of a drainage basin is 64.3km 2 The length of the main ditch is about 16.2km, and the average longitudinal slope ratio of the main ditch bed is reduced to 169.04 per mill. The once-occurring large-scale debris flow in the ditches causes serious economic loss and casualties. In order to prevent the debris flow from threatening the life and property safety of local villagers and the normal operation of a ditch enterprise park, disaster treatment work is carried out on the debris flow ditch, and a series of debris flow prevention and control projects are built, wherein a main ditch 3# control type sand blocking dam positioned in a midstream slope sudden change area of the debris flow ditch is a typical window dam.
Fig. 1 is a front view of a # 3 window dam. The dam body of the No. 3 window dam is made of reinforced concrete materials. Through actual measurement, the total length of the top axis of the dam of the window dam is 54.2m, the total length of the bottom axis of the dam is 30.8m, the total length of the top of an overflow port is 29.2m, the total length of the bottom of the overflow port is 24.3m, the height of the overflow port is 2.3m, the effective blocking height is 6.0m, the opening of the window dam adopts a single rectangular opening, the size of the hole is 0.6 multiplied by 0.8m, the two rows of holes are arranged in 6 holes with 7 holes on the upper side, the transverse net spacing between the single row of openings is 3.2m, the vertical net spacing is 2.0m, and the single row of openings are arranged in a 'pin' shape. The 3# dam is located in a downstream slope rapid change area of the debris flow channel, the slope of the upstream channel bed is 0.04, and the slope of the downstream channel bed is 0.15, so that the control type debris dam is a control type debris dam in the area, and is mainly arranged to control and block upstream incoming flow by using the debris dam, adjust the particle size of debris flow particles, play a role in regulating and controlling the flow of debris flow, and the like, and avoid serious scouring damage to downstream caused by direct overflowing of large stones in the upstream debris flow.
Through field investigation and field investigation, the volume weight gammac of the debris flow is determined to be 1.93t/m when P =5% (20 years meet once) 3 Mud-rock flow belongs to viscous mud-rockAnd (4) streaming. Respectively taking a plurality of debris flow samples at the upstream and downstream of the window dam and at the source to carry out particle separation and debris flow Malvern experiments, obtaining a debris flow particle grading curve (as shown in figure 2), carrying out phi system conversion on the debris flow particle grading curve to obtain a particle grading curve (as shown in figure 3) of the debris flow under the phi granulation diameter, and reading out the phi 16 ＝3.071、φ 50 ＝-1.371、φ 84 = -4.092, namely the average particle size of the upstream debris flow can be obtained
Then by the formula
Converting the average particle size into a comprehensive average particle size of millimeters to obtain Lo =1.738mm; obtained by the same method
Preparing a particle grading curve of the debris flow under the particle size, and reading out phi 16 ＝3.523、φ 50 ＝1.092、φ 84 = -3.800, namely the average particle size of the upstream debris flow can be obtained
Then passing through the formula
Converting it into millimeter comprehensive average particle diameter L d =0.829mm; and finally, substituting the parameter values into a formula 5 to obtain the debris flow comprehensive average particle diameter ratio R of 0.474 to less than 0.5, and judging that the window dam plays a good role in adjusting the particle diameter of debris flow particles.
Example two
As shown in fig. 1. The method is applied to the design of the opening parameters of the window dam of a debris flow ditch in Wenchuan county in Sichuan province.
A debris flow gully is located in Wenchuan county and is the first-level tributary of Minjiang left bank. The shape of the drainage basin is approximate to a rhombus, and the area of the drainage basin is 7.16km 2 The longitudinal length of the flowing field is 4.32km, and the average width is 1.66km. The length of the main groove is 4583m, and the average slope of the main groove is 388 ‰. The ditch is an old debris flow ditch which has very frequent debris flow activity in the region, and due to the region, the Minjiang river channel is narrow, and large-scale debris flow is generated to cause Minjiang blockage to form a Weissen lake, and the normal driving safety of a Wen expressway and a G213 line in the ditch is seriously threatened.
In order to avoid river blockage caused by the explosion of debris flow in the debris flow ditch and protect the normal driving safety of the Wen expressway at the ditch and the G213 line, a plurality of window dams are built in the ditch. The main function of building the window dam is to fully block debris flow solid matters in the debris flow ditch through the middle-upstream window dam by utilizing the step regulation function of the window dam, carry out back-silting and slope relieving by utilizing the silting function of debris flow in the window dam reservoir, reduce the flow speed, density and scale of the debris flow, block the debris flow through the downstream window dam, reduce the flow of the debris flow and reduce the harm of the debris flow. The design position of the window dam 1# dam is located in the midstream region of the ditch, the design aim is mainly to intercept coarse particles in debris flow and play a role in adjusting the particle size of the window dam, and therefore the comprehensive average particle size ratio of the debris flow needs to be reduced to be below 0.6 through the window dam.
According to the engineering design requirement, the design is carried out according to the design standard of P =5% (20 years for once). Through field investigation and indoor test, when P =5%, the volume weight of the soil body in the debris flow is gamma s =2.72t/m 3 Mud-rock flow volume weight gammac =2.02t/m 3 Are suitable for the process of the invention; the maximum particle size dmax =0.55m in the debris flow (except for debris carried by the debris flow in the trench) was determined.
Determining basic parameters of a main body structure of a window dam 1# dam body according to engineering project background, debris flow inflow conditions and channel section conditions, wherein the window dam body is made of concrete materials, the effective dam height of the window dam is designed to be 9.2m, and the cross section area below the effective dam height of the window dam in a debris flow range is 192.28m 2 . Design window dam opening all adopts single rectangle opening, and trompil number is 16, and the trompil size is 0.8 x 1.2m, is that 5 holes, well 6 holes, 5 holes arrange down on the three rows, and horizontal clear interval 1.8m between the single row opening, vertical clear interval are 1.5m, are "article" form and arrange.
The volume concentration C of the sediment in the debris flow can be calculated according to the data v =0.59, relative opening width of window dam b/d max =1.45, aspect ratio h/b =1.50, and aperture ratio λ =0.08, and the results are calculated by substituting the results into expressions 2 and 6, and calculating the entire window dam
R＝-1.966+0.256b/d max +0.177h/b+1.012λ+2.751C v ＝0.384，
The R value is less than 0.6, the window dam opening can be considered to play a good role in reducing the particle size of particles of viscous debris flow, and the width, height and opening ratio of the window dam opening can meet the design requirements.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for evaluating particle size of viscous debris flow particles regulated and controlled by a window dam is characterized by comprising the following steps
Step 1, obtaining particle grading curves of debris flow in debris flow original materials and debris flow regulated and controlled by a window dam, and respectively determining characteristic particle size d of the original materials and the regulated and controlled debris flow max 、d 16 、d 50 、d 84 Volume weight of debris flow gamma c The opening width b of the window dam, the opening height h of the window dam and the opening ratio lambda of the window dam are calculated;
step 2, analyzing the debris flow particle grading curve according to a particle size analysis method, converting the particle grading curve into a debris flow particle grading curve under a phi system condition, and respectively reading the characteristic particle size phi of the original material and the regulated debris flow 16 、φ 50 、φ 84 And adopting the following formula to perform conversion calculation on the characteristic value phi of the debris flow:
φ＝-log 2 d formula 1
Wherein D is a debris flowDiameter of solid particles, phi 16 、φ 50 、φ 84 The particle sizes at 16%, 50%, and 84% of the cumulative mass content, respectively;
step 3, calculating the comprehensive average particle diameter ratio of the debris flow according to the following formula:
R＝-1.966+0.256b/d max +0.177h/b+1.012λ+2.751C v formula 2
In the formula: r is the comprehensive average particle diameter ratio of the debris flow, b/d max The relative opening width of the window dam, h/b the opening height-width ratio of the window dam, lambda the opening ratio, C v The volume concentration of the debris flow is obtained;
and 4, evaluating whether the window dam has an adjusting effect on the viscous debris flow according to the comprehensive average particle diameter ratio of the debris flow calculated in the step 3.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the formula for calculating the comprehensive average particle size ratio of the debris flow in the step 3 is determined by the following formula:
step 31, calculating the average particle size of the debris flow of the original material and the regulated debris flow respectively by adopting the following formula:
wherein M is Z Is the average particle diameter in phi system;
step 32, respectively converting and calculating the comprehensive average particle size of the debris flow of the original material and the regulated debris flow by adopting the following formula:
wherein L is the average particle size under millimeter particle size, defined as the comprehensive average particle size in mm;
step 33, calculating the comprehensive average particle diameter ratio of the debris flow by adopting the following formula:
wherein R is the comprehensive average particle diameter ratio, L d The converted comprehensive average particle size L of the downstream debris flow of the rear window dam is regulated and controlled o The comprehensive average particle size of the converted original material of the debris flow is obtained;
and step 34, performing regression analysis on all factors influencing the particle size adjustment of the debris flow by adopting a multivariate linear function, a multivariate logarithmic function and a multivariate exponential function according to the R obtained in the step 33, and selecting an optimal function expression of the R from the multivariate linear function, the multivariate logarithmic function and the multivariate exponential function by comparing the coefficient of the formula and the correlation degree with the original data to obtain the optimal value of each factor parameter so as to obtain a calculation formula of the comprehensive average particle diameter ratio of the debris flow.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said step 4 comprises in particular: when the comprehensive average particle diameter ratio of the debris flow is more than or equal to 1, the window dam does not play a role in regulating the viscous debris flow; when the comprehensive average particle size ratio of the debris flow is less than 1, the window dam has an adjusting effect on the viscous debris flow, and the adjusting effect is more obvious when the ratio is smaller.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein C is v Determined according to site survey and/or indoor test and/or industry specification, and can be determined according to mud-rock flow volume weight gamma c And (4) determining.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein C is v Determined by the following formula:
wherein, γ c Is the volume weight of the debris flow in unit of t/m 3 Open-air survey combines correlation ruleDetermining; gamma ray w Is the volume weight of water in the debris flow and has unit t/m 3 The value is 1.0; gamma ray s Is the solid volume weight of the soil body in the debris flow with the unit of t/m 3 And determining by combining field survey with relevant specifications.
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| CN111815195B (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2023-04-18 | 四川大学 | Landslide barrier lake burst risk assessment method |
| CN113420453B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-04-25 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Debris flow damming dam breaking flood peak flow calculation method |
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