CN111241757A - Dam break three-dimensional numerical simulation method for uranium tailing pond based on computational fluid mechanics - Google Patents
Dam break three-dimensional numerical simulation method for uranium tailing pond based on computational fluid mechanics Download PDFInfo
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- CN111241757A CN111241757A CN202010024896.2A CN202010024896A CN111241757A CN 111241757 A CN111241757 A CN 111241757A CN 202010024896 A CN202010024896 A CN 202010024896A CN 111241757 A CN111241757 A CN 111241757A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dam break three-dimensional numerical simulation method for a uranium tailing pond based on computational fluid mechanics, and belongs to the field of uranium tailing pond safety. The method comprises the following steps: collecting basic data of a uranium tailing pond, and establishing a three-dimensional model of a uranium tailing pond area, a dam body and a river channel in a certain downstream range by using three-dimensional modeling software; dividing grids of the three-dimensional model in regions, and determining boundary conditions of the top of the uranium tailing pond and a downstream river channel; selecting a numerical simulation solving method; comparing the result of the numerical simulation with the test result of the model, verifying, calibrating and optimizing the numerical model; a calculation scheme is drawn up, and the optimized three-dimensional numerical model is adopted to calculate the dam break influence consequences of different dam break types; and analyzing the reliability and the rationality of the calculation result, and providing relevant data of the flow field, the debris flow depth, the flow and the flow speed change process of the calculation area. The three-dimensional numerical simulation is applied to dam break research of the uranium tailing reservoir, the method is low in cost, short in period and high in simulation precision, and dam break influence of the uranium tailing reservoir can be visually checked.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of uranium tailing pond safety, in particular to a dam break three-dimensional numerical simulation method of a uranium tailing pond based on computational fluid dynamics.
Background
A great amount of non-compacted tailing sand and clarified water are stored in the uranium tailing pond, so that the tailing dam has a high infiltration line, and a dam break accident can happen when a large storm flood is encountered. Compared with uranium tailing ponds in other industries, the uranium tailing pond is used as a large radioactive radiation pollution source formed by storing a large amount of uranium tailings, once a dam break accident occurs, a large amount of radioactive tailings are lost outside the pond, the downstream environment radiation pollution is caused, and the downstream ecological environment and public health are seriously harmed.
The common research means for uranium tailing pond dam break analysis mainly comprises a theoretical formula method, a model test method and the like. The theoretical formula method is simple in form, is mainly suitable for two-dimensional calculation, and often has a large error with the actual situation; the model test has high accuracy through practice test, but the model test has high cost and long test period, and the scale effect exists, so that the model test can not be used for accurately researching a plurality of problems concerned in engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a computational fluid dynamics-based three-dimensional numerical simulation method for dam break of a uranium tailing pond, which provides a solution for comprehensively and specifically researching dam break influence of the uranium tailing pond, namely a method for carrying out three-dimensional numerical simulation research on dam break of the uranium tailing pond based on computational fluid dynamics.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a dam break three-dimensional numerical simulation method for a uranium tailing pond based on computational fluid mechanics specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting data: collecting basic data of a uranium tailing pond, wherein the basic data comprises but is not limited to uranium tailing pond design drawings, safety analysis reports and actually measured topographic maps;
s2, establishing a model: establishing three-dimensional models of a uranium tailing pond area, a dam body and a river channel in a certain downstream range by using three-dimensional modeling software, wherein the three-dimensional models correspond to basic data of the uranium tailing pond;
s3, setting a model: dividing the meshes of the three-dimensional model in regions according to a model mesh division method; determining boundary conditions of the top of the uranium tailing pond and a downstream river according to the actual boundary;
s4, numerical solution: selecting an applicable turbulent flow mathematical model, a control equation discrete method and a free surface tracking method as a solving method of numerical simulation;
s5, comparison and verification: comparing the result of the numerical simulation with the test result of the model, and verifying, rating and optimizing the numerical model according to the comparison result;
s6, simulation calculation: a calculation scheme is drawn up, an optimized three-dimensional numerical model is adopted to carry out three-dimensional numerical simulation on dam break of the uranium tailing pond, and the influence effect of dam break of different dam break types is calculated;
s7, analysis result: and analyzing the reliability and the rationality of the calculation result, and giving out relevant data of the uranium tailing reservoir site and the flow field, the debris flow depth, the flow and the flow speed change process of the downstream calculation area.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
s201, selecting simulation software: selecting applicable numerical simulation software according to project requirements and software functions and characteristics;
s202, establishing a three-dimensional model: according to a certain uranium tailing pond drawing and actually measured 1: 1000, establishing an initial three-dimensional model of a uranium tailing pond area, a dam body and a river channel within a certain downstream range by using three-dimensional modeling software.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S3 specifically includes the following steps:
s301, dividing a model grid: determining a model mesh division method, namely dividing three-dimensional model meshes in regions, wherein the meshes adopt structured meshes; to uranium tailings dam body downstream direction be the x direction, the direction of gravity is the z direction, and the size of net is: x is 6.0m, z is 2.0 m; the grid density of key areas at the dam site of the uranium tailing pond and the position where the downstream river channel changes severely is improved so as to improve the numerical simulation precision;
s302, determining a boundary condition: and determining the boundary conditions of the top of the uranium tailing pond and the downstream river channel by adopting standard boundary constraint conditions.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the boundary conditions of the top of the uranium tailing pond and the downstream river are as follows: the top surface of the model is set as a pressure inlet boundary, the bottom edge and the peripheral side surfaces are set as solid side walls with zero normal speed and no slippage, the outlet direction of the river channel is free outflow and is set as a pressure outlet boundary; the downstream of the tailing pond is paddy field and bush, and the roughness n value of the underlying surface is 0.03 in the downstream river channel.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S4 specifically includes
S4, numerical solution: and selecting an RNG k-epsilon turbulence mathematical model, a finite volume method discrete control equation and a VOF free surface tracking method as a numerical simulation solving method.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S6 specifically includes
S6, simulation calculation: according to the possible dam break type, considering the flood meeting different standards and the water level before the dam, and drawing up a calculation scheme; and (3) performing three-dimensional numerical simulation on dam break of the uranium tailing pond by adopting the optimized three-dimensional numerical model, and calculating the influence effect of dam break of different dam break types.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S7 specifically includes
S7, analysis result: analyzing the reliability and the rationality of the calculation result, and giving out relevant data of the uranium tailing warehouse site and the flow field, the debris flow depth, the flow and the flow speed change process of a downstream calculation area; according to population, social and economic development conditions of each downstream residential point of the uranium tailing pond, analyzing the submergence range of dam break debris flow and the influence degree on each downstream residential point, building and facilities, and estimating the loss possibly caused by the dam break debris flow.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the three-dimensional numerical simulation is applied to the dam break research of the uranium tailing pond, the method is low in cost, short in period and high in simulation precision, and the dam break influence of the uranium tailing pond can be visually checked.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a dam break three-dimensional numerical simulation method for a uranium tailings pond based on computational fluid dynamics;
FIG. 2 is a cloud of the distribution of the depth of the debris flow in the entire dam break;
FIG. 3 is a flow process line of a total dam break site.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a dam break three-dimensional numerical simulation method for a uranium tailings pond based on computational fluid dynamics, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting data: collecting basic data of a uranium tailing pond, wherein the basic data comprises but is not limited to uranium tailing pond design drawings, safety analysis reports and actually measured topographic maps; when the data is used, the data is carefully analyzed and checked, the problems are carefully examined and the data is timely traded with departments providing the data.
When the terrain is actually measured, the method that the unmanned aerial vehicle carries the camera to shoot can be adopted, the unmanned aerial vehicle control circuit comprises a positioning circuit and a height detection circuit, shooting images or videos of the same place are obtained at different heights according to the same positioning information, a terrain data acquisition model is established based on deep neural network and image processing technology training, the images or videos are input into an intelligent model, relevant data of the terrain is output, and the efficiency of actually measuring the terrain is improved.
S2, establishing a model: establishing three-dimensional models of a uranium tailing pond area, a dam body and a river channel in a certain downstream range by using three-dimensional modeling software, wherein the three-dimensional models correspond to basic data of the uranium tailing pond;
step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
s201, selecting simulation software: selecting applicable numerical simulation software according to project requirements and software functions and characteristics; the numerical simulation software chosen in this example was Flow 3D.
S202, establishing a three-dimensional model: according to a certain uranium tailing pond drawing and actually measured 1: 1000 topographic map, and establishing a three-dimensional model in the range of 5000 m of the uranium tailing pond area, the dam body and the downstream river channel by using three-dimensional modeling software, wherein the total width of the model is 3000m, and the length of the model is 4000 m.
Specifically, a three-dimensional modeling software CATIA can be adopted to establish a three-dimensional terrain model of a tailing pond area and a downstream river: establishing a terrain curved surface according to an actually measured topographic map by using Autodesk Civil 3D software, extracting topographic coordinates and elevations of a reservoir area and a downstream river channel, and exporting the coordinates and elevations to point cloud data; entering a digital Shape Editor module of the CATIA, importing point cloud data, filtering and repairing the point cloud data; generating a mesh grid surface according to the imported point cloud data, and analyzing, checking and repairing the mesh surface; entering a Quick Surface reconfiguration module to generate a physical ground Surface; and entering a Part module, projecting the terrain boundary onto the datum plane to be used as a sketch boundary, and stretching the sketch to the curved surface to form a three-dimensional terrain entity.
S3, setting a model: dividing the meshes of the three-dimensional model in regions according to a model mesh division method; determining boundary conditions of the top of the uranium tailing pond and a downstream river according to the actual boundary;
step S3 specifically includes the following steps:
s301, dividing a model grid: determining a model mesh division method, namely dividing three-dimensional model meshes in regions, wherein the meshes adopt structured meshes; to uranium tailings dam body downstream direction be the x direction, the direction of gravity is the z direction, and the size of net is: x is 6.0m, z is 2.0 m; the grid density of key areas at the dam site of the uranium tailing pond and the position where the downstream river channel changes severely is improved so as to improve the numerical simulation precision, and the total number of grids is about 1750 ten thousand.
S302, determining a boundary condition: and determining the boundary conditions of the top of the uranium tailing pond and the downstream river channel by adopting the actual boundary conditions. The boundary conditions of the top of the uranium tailing pond and the downstream river channel are as follows: the top surface of the model is set as a pressure inlet boundary, the bottom edge and the peripheral side surfaces are set as solid side walls with zero normal speed and no slippage, and the outlet direction of the river channel is free outflow and is set as a pressure outlet boundary. The downstream of the tailing pond is paddy field, bush and the like, the underlying surface condition is more complex, and the roughness n value is 0.03 in the downstream river channel.
The debris flow generated by dam break of the tailing pond can be assumed to be a special movement form between fluid and granular particles, can be approximately described by adopting an energy equation and a continuous equation of fluid flow, and a numerical model adopts the following basic assumption: (1) the basement rock and surrounding mountain bodies in the tailing pond area are watertight boundaries; (2) in the dam-break debris flow evolution process, the volume deformation of single particles is not considered; (3) the dam break debris flow is isotropic continuous medium fluid, and the flow of the dam break debris flow conforms to the rule of a Bingham flow model; (4) and (4) the scouring of the dam-break debris flow to the downstream river channel is not considered.
S4, numerical solution: selecting an applicable turbulent flow mathematical model, a control equation discrete method and a free surface tracking method as a solving method of numerical simulation;
s5, comparison and verification: comparing the result of the numerical simulation with the test result of the model, and verifying, rating and optimizing the numerical model according to the comparison result; in the embodiment, an RNG k-epsilon turbulence mathematical model, a finite volume method discrete control equation and a VOF free surface tracking method are selected as the solving method of numerical simulation.
The VOF method defines a volume function F, and if the unit body is filled with fluid, F is 1; if there is no fluid in the unit, F is 0; the unit body contains fluid and air at the same time, 0<F<The specific value of 1, F is determined by the proportion of the volume of fluid in the cell, if the liquid phase is represented by phase w, αwRepresenting the volume fraction of the liquid phase, the state of which can be represented as αwα where the grid is liquidw0, no fluid in the mesh; 0<αw<1, the grid contains both fluid and airAnd (4) qi.
S6, simulation calculation: a calculation scheme is drawn up, an optimized three-dimensional numerical model is adopted to carry out three-dimensional numerical simulation on dam break of the uranium tailing pond, and the influence effect of dam break of different dam break types is calculated; according to the dam break type, taking into consideration the flood meeting different standards and the water level in front of the dam, a calculation scheme is drawn up; and (3) performing three-dimensional numerical simulation on dam break of the uranium tailing pond by adopting the optimized three-dimensional numerical model, and calculating the influence effect of dam break of different dam break types.
S7, analysis result: and analyzing the reliability and the rationality of the calculation result, and giving out relevant data of the uranium tailing reservoir site and the flow field, the debris flow depth, the flow and the flow speed change process of the downstream calculation area. According to population, social and economic development conditions of each downstream residential point of the uranium tailing pond, analyzing the submergence range of dam break debris flow and the influence degree on each downstream residential point, building and facilities, and estimating the loss possibly caused by the dam break debris flow. The cloud picture of the instantaneous full dam break debris flow depth distribution of the uranium tailings pond is shown in figure 2, and the maximum flow at the instantaneous full dam break dam site can reach 52000 m3S, see FIG. 3.
The invention provides a dam break three-dimensional numerical simulation method of a uranium tailing pond based on computational fluid mechanics, which is low in cost, short in period and high in simulation precision, and can visually check dam break influence of the uranium tailing pond. The invention has the following advantages:
1) filling the blank of simulating dam break method of uranium tailing pond by using numerical method
The invention provides a dam break three-dimensional numerical simulation method for a uranium tailing pond based on computational fluid mechanics, and fills the blank of simulating the dam break method for the uranium tailing pond by using a numerical method.
2) Low cost
The numerical simulation method does not need to purchase test equipment, materials and the like, and the cost of personnel, equipment and the like is greatly lower than that of a dam break model test of the uranium tailing pond.
3) Short cycle
And the numerical simulation simulates the flow speed, the depth, the influence range and the like of the dam break debris flow by establishing a three-dimensional numerical model of the dam break of the uranium tailings reservoir. The time from establishing a numerical model and simulating to obtaining a simulation result and analyzing is only a few days, which is far shorter than the time required by the dam break model test.
4) Without effect of scale reduction
The numerical simulation can directly carry out dam break research on the uranium tailing pond prototype without considering the inevitable scale effect in the model test, and obtain more direct and detailed data.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A dam break three-dimensional numerical simulation method for a uranium tailing pond based on computational fluid mechanics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting data: collecting basic data of a uranium tailing pond, wherein the basic data comprises but is not limited to uranium tailing pond design drawings, safety analysis reports and actually measured topographic maps;
s2, establishing a model: establishing three-dimensional models in a uranium tailing pond area, a dam body and a downstream river channel within a certain range by using three-dimensional modeling software, wherein the three-dimensional models correspond to basic data of the uranium tailing pond;
s3, setting a model: dividing the meshes of the three-dimensional model in regions according to a model mesh division method; determining boundary conditions of the top of the uranium tailing pond and a downstream river according to the actual boundary;
s4, numerical solution: selecting an applicable turbulent flow mathematical model, a control equation discrete method and a free surface tracking method as a solving method of numerical simulation;
s5, comparison and verification: comparing the result of the numerical simulation with the test result of the model, and verifying, rating and optimizing the numerical model according to the comparison result;
s6, simulation calculation: a calculation scheme is drawn up, an optimized three-dimensional numerical model is adopted to carry out three-dimensional numerical simulation on dam break of the uranium tailing pond, and the influence effect of dam break of different dam break types is calculated;
s7, analysis result: and analyzing the reliability and the rationality of the calculation result, and giving out relevant data of the uranium tailing reservoir site and the flow field, the debris flow depth, the flow and the flow speed change process of the downstream calculation area.
2. The computational fluid dynamics-based three-dimensional numerical simulation method for dam break of uranium tailings ponds according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 specifically comprises the following steps:
s201, selecting simulation software: selecting applicable numerical simulation software according to project requirements and software functions and characteristics;
s202, establishing a three-dimensional model: according to a certain uranium tailing pond drawing and actually measured 1: 1000, establishing an initial three-dimensional model of a uranium tailing pond area, a dam body and a river channel within a certain downstream range by using three-dimensional modeling software.
3. The computational fluid dynamics-based three-dimensional numerical simulation method for dam break of uranium tailings ponds according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 specifically comprises the following steps:
s301, dividing a model grid: determining a model mesh division method, namely dividing three-dimensional model meshes in regions, wherein the meshes adopt structured meshes; to uranium tailings dam body downstream direction be the x direction, the direction of gravity is the z direction, and the size of net is: x is 6.0m, z is 2.0 m; the grid density of key areas at the dam site of the uranium tailing pond and the position where the downstream river channel changes severely is improved so as to improve the numerical simulation precision;
s302, determining a boundary condition: and determining the boundary conditions of the top of the uranium tailing pond and the downstream river channel according to the actual boundary conditions.
4. The computational fluid dynamics-based three-dimensional numerical simulation method for dam break of the uranium tailings pond according to claim 3, wherein boundary conditions of the top of the uranium tailings pond and a downstream river are as follows: the top surface of the model is set as a pressure inlet boundary, the bottom edge and the peripheral side surfaces are set as solid side walls with zero normal speed and no slippage, the outlet direction of the river channel is free outflow and is set as a pressure outlet boundary; the downstream of the tailing pond is paddy field and bush, and the roughness n value of the underlying surface is 0.03 in the downstream river channel.
5. The computational fluid dynamics-based three-dimensional numerical simulation method for dam break of uranium tailings ponds according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 specifically comprises
S4, numerical solution: and selecting an RNG k-epsilon turbulence mathematical model, a finite volume method discrete control equation and a VOF free surface tracking method as a numerical simulation solving method.
6. The computational fluid dynamics-based three-dimensional numerical simulation method for dam break of uranium tailings ponds according to claim 1, wherein the step S6 specifically comprises
S6, simulation calculation: according to the possible dam break type, considering the flood meeting different standards and the water level before the dam, and drawing up a calculation scheme; and (3) performing three-dimensional numerical simulation on dam break of the uranium tailing pond by adopting the optimized three-dimensional numerical model, and calculating the influence effect of dam break of different dam break types.
7. The computational fluid dynamics-based three-dimensional numerical simulation method for dam break of uranium tailings ponds according to claim 1, wherein the step S7 specifically comprises
S7, analysis result: analyzing the reliability and the rationality of the calculation result, and giving out relevant data of the uranium tailing warehouse site and the flow field, the debris flow depth, the flow and the flow speed change process of a downstream calculation area; according to population, social and economic development conditions of each downstream residential point of the uranium tailing pond, analyzing the submergence range of dam break debris flow and the influence degree on each downstream residential point, building and facilities, and estimating the loss possibly caused by the dam break debris flow.
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| CN113591414B (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2023-10-13 | 浙江理工大学 | Rectifying effect judging method suitable for flow valve |
| CN113849893A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2021-12-28 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Method for calculating washout rate of bedrock |
| CN115099092A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-23 | 西安理工大学 | Tailing pond seepage calculation method based on three-dimensional modeling |
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