CN117884552A - Forming method for improving influence of internal structure of quenched and tempered steel forging on magnetic powder inspection - Google Patents
Forming method for improving influence of internal structure of quenched and tempered steel forging on magnetic powder inspection Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of forging hot processing, and relates to a forming method for improving the influence of internal tissues of quenched and tempered steel forgings on magnetic powder inspection. The method comprises the following steps: the 35Cr2Ni4MoA/E is rapidly molded in a required direction by adopting forging fluidity, namely, a swage block is drawn to obtain a molded forging; the method for carrying out internal tissue pretreatment on the formed forging, namely stress relief annealing, and cooling according to the annealing temperature of 580-620 ℃; cooling after cooling treatment in the heat preservation, performing surface processing after heat treatment, performing physical and chemical treatment, and finally performing heat treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of forging hot processing, and relates to a forming method for improving the influence of internal tissues of quenched and tempered steel forgings on magnetic powder inspection.
Background
The 35Cr2Ni4MoA/E material is quenched and tempered steel in alloy structural steel and is mainly used for manufacturing parts bearing larger load; such as turbine shafts of aeroengines, rotor shafts of main speed reducers of helicopters and load-bearing members of landing gears of aircraft. The steel has good comprehensive mechanical properties, namely, high strength, high hardness and high plasticity and toughness. The carbon content of quenched and tempered steel is generally between 0.25% and 0.5%, and 35Cr2Ni4MoA/E belongs to medium carbon steel, and the strength is influenced by the low carbon content, the high carbon content and the insufficient toughness. The main added alloy elements of Cr, ni, mo, etc. of the steel are used to strengthen the hardenability of the steel and strengthen tempered sorbite.
Because the requirements of the 35Cr2Ni4MoA/E alloy forgings on internal structures are different, the requirements on the production method control of the forgings, namely the cooling mode after forging, are different, if the production method and the cooling mode after forging are not suitable, the changes of the internal structures of the forgings directly influence the final magnetic powder flaw detection result of the forgings, so that the product cannot meet the requirements required by final flaw detection, and the product is scrapped to generate great resource waste. Therefore, the selection of a reasonable forging method and a cooling system is particularly important for improving the internal structure of the 35Cr2Ni4MoA/E forging and the magnetic powder inspection performance, and the following is the magnetic powder inspection result of the 35Cr2Ni4MoA/E forging by the conventional forging method.
Conventional forging methods:
blanking, heating, forging, drawing, rounding, cooling, heat treatment, physicochemical, machining and flaw detection; the common forging is performed on a flat anvil, the firing is performed as required, but the forging time is long, the terminal temperature is not easy to control, and physical and chemical detection and magnetic powder detection are influenced on the forging;
the conventional treatment is long in forging time, the terminal temperature is not easy to control, and the use requirement on the magnetic powder detection of the forge piece can not be met. Therefore, a reasonable forging method is selected to shorten the forging time, and the improvement of the final forging temperature is of great importance to the structure and performance of the material. Particularly, the conventional forging method leads the free forging to be partially empty and burned after the increase of the firing time, the forging time is long, the final forging temperature is not easy to ensure, the physicochemical properties of the forging are obviously affected, and a large number of unqualified forgings are generated.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is that: the method for shortening the forging time of 35Cr2Ni4MoA/E is provided, the original structure of raw materials is improved through the change of a cooling mode after forging, and a forging forming scheme with reasonable design requirements of forgings is met by using the forging method, so that qualified and stable magnetic powder detection indexes are obtained.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a molding method for improving influence of internal tissues of quenched and tempered steel forgings on magnetic powder inspection comprises the following steps:
the 35Cr2Ni4MoA/E is rapidly molded in a required direction by adopting forging fluidity, namely, a swage block is drawn to obtain a molded forging;
the method for carrying out internal tissue pretreatment on the formed forging, namely stress relief annealing, and cooling according to the annealing temperature of 580-620 ℃;
cooling after cooling treatment in the heat preservation, performing surface processing after heat treatment, performing physical and chemical treatment, and finally performing heat treatment.
And (3) carrying out rapid forming on the 35Cr2Ni4MoA/E in a required direction by adopting forging fluidity, namely, drawing a swage block to obtain a formed forging, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
dividing the materials required by the forging into raw materials according to the volume and the like of the step size of the forging;
presetting a required swage block, wherein the required swage block is in an upper block and a lower block, namely, the two blocks are completely symmetrical, and the outline dimension of the swage block needs to meet the outline dimension of a common hammer block of required equipment;
feeding the segmented blanks into a furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 800 ℃ and heating up to 800+/-50 ℃ along with the furnace, heating up to 1130+/-20 ℃ along with the furnace, and preheating an anvil to 200-350 ℃ with the heat preservation coefficient of 0.5 min/mm; when the forging is kept warm for a set time, immediately discharging the forging, forging the forging by adopting a special swage block on a free forging hammer, and simultaneously controlling the middle final forging temperature and the forging time;
discharging the heated blank, transferring the heated blank to a preset preheated special-purpose anvil, and forging one end of the forging to the required forging size;
and immediately returning the blank with one end produced to the furnace for heating, discharging the blank with the returned furnace for heating, transferring the blank to the special-purpose swage block, and forging the other end of the forging piece to the required forging piece size to obtain the formed piece.
Stress relief annealing, comprising:
preparing a natural gas furnace or an electric furnace for annealing in advance before forging;
immediately carrying out stress relief annealing treatment on the formed part, wherein the system is that after forging, the formed part is directly transferred into a natural gas furnace at 550-630 ℃ for heat preservation for 5.5-6.5, then is cooled to 450-550 ℃ for heat preservation for 0.5-1.5 hours, is covered by high-temperature cotton at a wind-shielding position after being taken out of the furnace, is cooled to room temperature by air, and then is removed; air cooling after forging is not allowed before turning over.
After the forge piece is subjected to stress relief annealing and enters the furnace, the furnace door is not opened, the furnace door is ensured to fall to the bottom, and the dial scribing is allowed to reach the punching height of less than or equal to 50 ℃; the conventional heat treatment process must be carried out 24 hours after the stress relief annealing is completed.
The material separating method comprises the following steps:
and (3) taking the required length of the maximum section of the step shaft as a reference, respectively carrying out mechanical processing to form a waistband shape along the two sides of the maximum section of the step shaft in a ratio of 4.5/1, and smoothly transiting by using the diameter size of the required bar with a fillet R=1/10.
The method for calculating the external dimension of the swage block comprises the following steps:
the preset upper die anvil is provided with a semicircular through hole along the width direction at the center of the length, and the diameter D of the semicircular through hole Big size ＝1/2D Small size +10mm，D Small size Is the minimum diameter of the forging; the central axis of the semicircular through hole is required to coincide with the central axis of the length direction of the swage block, semicircular tangent lines are formed at 45-degree included angles on two sides of the central axis, and the diameter size of the required upper material of R=3/7 is used for smooth transition at the intersection point of the tangent lines and the swage block;
the shape and the size of the preset lower die anvil are completely symmetrical along the length direction.
Forging an end of a forging to a desired forging size, comprising:
forging one end to the required forging size by adopting a split head drawing method; the step of completing the forging process requires 1 fire, and the forging size of the required forging piece is more than 0.02% meeting the drawing size; considering the hammering reduction and the feeding of the forged piece to be controlled within the range of 1/3-1/2 as much as possible; when the rolling is pulled out, an operator is required to rotate the blank, and the blank is not allowed to be continuously and repeatedly rolled at the same forging position, so that the forging is prevented from locally organizing coarse crystals; the gap is not allowed to be stopped in the forging process, so that shorter forging time is obtained for controlling the temperature of the terminal; and measuring the size of the forging in time after the forging is finished.
The forging temperature of the split head drawing is controlled to be W of the flat anvil forging temperature Forging process ≥W Flat forging (0.5-0.6).
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the 35Cr2Ni4MoA/E material is quenched and tempered steel in alloy structural steel, and is used after being subjected to stress relief treatment after being forged by a swage block, so that the internal structure of the forging is changed as required. Finally meeting the requirements of forgings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the implementation of the present invention, the following description will briefly explain the drawings that need to be used in the examples of the present invention. It is evident that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dedicated anvil of example 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of forging steps of example 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of forging steps in example 1.
Detailed Description
A method for designing a profile film close to the appearance of a forging piece to shorten the forging time of 35Cr2Ni4MoA/E, and improving the original structure of raw materials through the change of a cooling mode after forging, wherein the method adopts a method for rapidly forming the 35Cr2Ni4MoA/E in a required direction by forging fluidity, namely, a method for drawing a profile anvil, and a method for preprocessing the internal structure of a symmetrical forging piece by adopting a reasonable cooling mode, namely, stress relief annealing, namely, cooling according to the annealing temperature of 580-620 ℃; cooling after cooling treatment in the heat preservation, performing surface processing after heat treatment, performing physical and chemical treatment, and finally performing heat treatment.
The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of taking the length of the maximum section of a step shaft as a reference, respectively machining the bar material required by the raw material into a waistband shape according to the ratio of the width to the depth of 4.5/1 along the two sides of the maximum section of the step shaft, and smoothly transitioning by using the diameter of the bar material with the round angle of R=1/10.
And step two, presetting a required swage block, wherein the required swage block is in an upper block and a lower block, namely, the two blocks are completely symmetrical, the outline dimension of the swage block needs to meet the outline dimension of a common hammer block of required equipment, and the size of a die cavity is carried out as follows.
Presetting the D of the minimum diameter of the upper swage block required by the forging piece at the center of the length Big size ＝1/2D Small size The size of +10mm sets up the semicircle through-hole along width direction, require the central axis of semicircle through-hole and the central line coincidence of swage block length direction to be the tangent line of semicircle in the both sides contained angle department of central line for 45 degrees, tangent line and swage block intersection point department with R=3/7 the diameter size smooth transition of the required group material can. The shape and the size of the preset lower die anvil are completely symmetrical along the length direction.
Step three, feeding the blank into a furnace with the heating temperature of less than or equal to 800 ℃ and heating to 800+/-50 ℃ along with the furnace, heating to 1130+/-20 ℃ along with the furnace, preheating a hammer anvil to 200-350 ℃ with the heat preservation coefficient of 0.5min/mm, immediately discharging the blank from the furnace and forging the blank on a free forging hammer after the forging piece is heat preserved for a set time, and simultaneously controlling the middle final forging temperature and forging time;
step four, forging one end of the step shaft by hammering, discharging the heated blank, and transferring the heated blank to a preset preheated special-purpose anvil, wherein the forging time is less than or equal to 1/2 of the original forging time; namely S Rotary table ≤1/2S Horizontal turning The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Forging to the required step shaft forging size by adopting a split head drawing method; the working step is generally completed by 1 fire, and the forging size of the required forging piece is more than 0.02% meeting the drawing size; the hammering reduction and the feeding of the forged piece are mainly considered to be controlled within the range of 1/3-1/2 as much as possible; the manipulator is required to rotate during the drawing and rollingThe blank is not allowed to be continuously and repeatedly rounded at the same forging position, so that the forging part is prevented from being locally organized into coarse crystals; the gap is not allowed to stop in the forging process, so that shorter forging time is obtained for controlling the terminal temperature. And measuring the size of the forging in time after the forging is finished. The terminal temperature should meet the material requirements. The forging temperature of the split head drawing is controlled to be W of the flat anvil forging temperature Forging process ≥W Flat forging (0.5-0.6).
Step five, forging the other end head of the step shaft on the hammer: immediately returning the blank produced at one end to a furnace, heating to the required forging temperature, wherein the heating requirement is that the temperature is increased to 1130+/-20 ℃ along with the furnace, the heat preservation coefficient is controlled to be 0.35-0.5 min/mm, and the transfer time is the same as that of the blank; transferring to a special-purpose anvil by adopting the method of the first step, and forging the other end to the required step shaft forging size; the forging fire, forging size and forging requirement of the second step are the same as those of the first step, the coaxiality of the forged piece after forging is mainly considered to be corrected on the hammer in time, and special template inspection can be adopted.
Step six, stress annealing
The natural gas furnace or the electric furnace should be prepared for annealing in advance before forging. The formed part is immediately subjected to stress relief annealing treatment, the formed part is directly transferred into a natural gas furnace at 600 ℃ for heat preservation for 6 hours after forging (without air cooling after forging), then is cooled to 500 ℃ for heat preservation for 1 hour, is covered by high-temperature cotton at a wind-shielding place after being discharged from the furnace, is cooled (without exposing), and is removed after air cooling to room temperature.
After the forge piece is stress-removed and annealed into the furnace, the furnace door is not opened (the furnace door is required to be guaranteed to fall to the bottom, and the drawing of the dial plate allows the punching height to be less than or equal to 50 ℃). The process must be carried out in a conventional heat treatment process 24 hours after the stress relief annealing is finished;
step seven, heat treatment: normalizing and tempering; quenching and tempering
And step eight, 100 percent of the mechanical property inspection and the magnetic powder flaw detection measurement of the forging are carried out.
Example 1
(1) The design process flow comprises the following steps: the bar for forging, sawing to obtain the required length, processing to obtain the required forging blank, forging one end, forging the other end, performing stress relief treatment, performing heat treatment and physicochemical treatment.
(2) Blank of lower technology requirement (phi 350X 855)
(3) Processing blanks of raw material blanks (see FIG. 1)
(4) Firstly, drawing a bar stock with the length of the big end phi 350 multiplied by 415 to phi 260 plus or minus 5 multiplied by 680 plus or minus 5;
dividing phi 260 plus or minus 5 multiplied by 680 plus or minus 5, and then drawing to a certain length; Φ230±5×850+10; (without bulging) (see the forging step figure 3 for details), the forging deformation is controlled to be 30% -35%;
(5) Forging fig. 2 and 3 together with 1 fire; recording the actual forging time and final forging temperature; the hot charge is returned to the furnace (the end which is not forged is placed in the rear area of the heating furnace), and the forging size of the forged small end (the end with the bar length of phi 350 multiplied by 355) is as follows: firstly, drawing a bar stock with the small end phi 350 multiplied by 355 to phi 245+/-5 multiplied by 680+/-5;
(6) Then, drawing out phi 245+/-5 multiplied by 680+/-5; Φ210±5×870±5; (without drum belly)
(7) Recording the actual forging time and final forging temperature; straightening after forging, and detecting whether the size meets the requirements of a forging diagram. The coaxiality is required to be less than or equal to 5mm; and checking the length, and allowing the length dimension of the forging to be over-plus-minus.
(8) The stress relief annealing equipment should be prepared with 1 natural gas furnace in advance. Stress relief annealing in a natural gas furnace: is performed in the middle (a). Annealing schedule: transferring the mixture into a natural gas furnace at 600 ℃ for heat preservation for 6 hours after forging, cooling to 500 ℃ for heat preservation for 1 hour, and discharging from a wind-avoiding place for air cooling to room temperature; and the special high-temperature heat-insulating cotton is covered, and the exposure is not allowed. The repair allows the furnace door with the annealed forging to be opened after the destressing annealing is put into the furnace. The rest is executed according to the original forging process. And then, forging the blank by using a reasonably designed die to finally form.
(9) The physicochemical requirements of the forging meet the requirements of the figure after the heat treatment,
finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think about various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A molding method for improving influence of internal tissues of quenched and tempered steel forgings on magnetic powder inspection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the 35Cr2Ni4MoA/E is rapidly molded in a required direction by adopting forging fluidity, namely, a swage block is drawn to obtain a molded forging;
the method for carrying out internal tissue pretreatment on the formed forging, namely stress relief annealing, and cooling according to the annealing temperature of 580-620 ℃;
cooling after cooling treatment in the heat preservation, performing surface processing after heat treatment, performing physical and chemical treatment, and finally performing heat treatment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the rapid forming of 35Cr2Ni4MoA/E in a desired direction using forging fluidity, i.e., anvil drawing, yields a formed forging, comprising:
dividing the materials required by the forging into raw materials according to the volume and the like of the step size of the forging;
presetting a required swage block, wherein the required swage block is in an upper block and a lower block, namely, the two blocks are completely symmetrical, and the outline dimension of the swage block needs to meet the outline dimension of a common hammer block of required equipment;
feeding the segmented blanks into a furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 800 ℃ and heating up to 800+/-50 ℃ along with the furnace, heating up to 1130+/-20 ℃ along with the furnace, and preheating an anvil to 200-350 ℃ with the heat preservation coefficient of 0.5 min/mm; when the forging is kept warm for a set time, immediately discharging the forging, forging the forging by adopting a special swage block on a free forging hammer, and simultaneously controlling the middle final forging temperature and the forging time;
discharging the heated blank, transferring the heated blank to a preset preheated special-purpose anvil, and forging one end of the forging to the required forging size;
and immediately returning the blank with one end produced to the furnace for heating, discharging the blank with the returned furnace for heating, transferring the blank to the special-purpose swage block, and forging the other end of the forging piece to the required forging piece size to obtain the formed piece.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the stress relief anneal comprises:
preparing a natural gas furnace or an electric furnace for annealing in advance before forging;
immediately carrying out stress relief annealing treatment on the formed part, wherein the system is that after forging, the formed part is directly transferred into a natural gas furnace at 550-630 ℃ for heat preservation for 5.5-6.5, then is cooled to 450-550 ℃ for heat preservation for 0.5-1.5 hours, is covered by high-temperature cotton at a wind-shielding position after being taken out of the furnace, is cooled to room temperature by air, and then is removed; air cooling after forging is not allowed before turning over.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the forge piece is not opened after being stress-relieved and annealed into the furnace, and the furnace door is guaranteed to fall to the bottom, and the dial scribing allows the flushing to be less than or equal to 50 ℃; the conventional heat treatment process must be carried out 24 hours after the stress relief annealing is completed.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the dispensing method comprises:
and (3) taking the required length of the maximum section of the step shaft as a reference, respectively carrying out mechanical processing to form a waistband shape along the two sides of the maximum section of the step shaft in a ratio of 4.5/1, and smoothly transiting by using the diameter size of the required bar with a fillet R=1/10.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the anvil form factor calculation method comprises:
the preset upper die anvil is provided with a semicircular through hole along the width direction at the center of the length, and the diameter D of the semicircular through hole Big size ＝1/2D Small size +10mm，D Small size Is the minimum diameter of the forging; the central axis of the semicircular through hole is required to coincide with the central axis of the length direction of the swage block, semicircular tangent lines are formed at 45-degree included angles on two sides of the central axis, and the diameter size of the required upper material of R=3/7 is used for smooth transition at the intersection point of the tangent lines and the swage block;
the shape and the size of the preset lower die anvil are completely symmetrical along the length direction.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein forging an end of the forging to a desired forging size comprises:
forging one end to the required forging size by adopting a split head drawing method; the step of completing the forging process requires 1 fire, and the forging size of the required forging piece is more than 0.02% meeting the drawing size; considering the hammering reduction and the feeding of the forged piece to be controlled within the range of 1/3-1/2 as much as possible; when the rolling is pulled out, an operator is required to rotate the blank, and the blank is not allowed to be continuously and repeatedly rolled at the same forging position, so that the forging is prevented from locally organizing coarse crystals; the gap is not allowed to be stopped in the forging process, so that shorter forging time is obtained for controlling the temperature of the terminal; and measuring the size of the forging in time after the forging is finished.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the forging temperature of the split head drawing is controlled to be W which is the forging temperature of the flat anvil Forging process ≥W Flat forging (0.5-0.6).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311525408.6A CN117884552A (en) | 2023-11-15 | 2023-11-15 | Forming method for improving influence of internal structure of quenched and tempered steel forging on magnetic powder inspection |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311525408.6A CN117884552A (en) | 2023-11-15 | 2023-11-15 | Forming method for improving influence of internal structure of quenched and tempered steel forging on magnetic powder inspection |
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| CN117884552A true CN117884552A (en) | 2024-04-16 |
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- 2023-11-15 CN CN202311525408.6A patent/CN117884552A/en active Pending
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