CN117863692A - 兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料 - Google Patents

兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料 Download PDF

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CN117863692A
CN117863692A CN202410256519.XA CN202410256519A CN117863692A CN 117863692 A CN117863692 A CN 117863692A CN 202410256519 A CN202410256519 A CN 202410256519A CN 117863692 A CN117863692 A CN 117863692A
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wave
honeycomb
absorbing
layer
composite material
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郜鹏
张伟
梁超博
刘亚青
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North University of China
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Abstract

本发明涉及功能蜂窝夹芯复合材料制备技术领域,具体为一种兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料及其制备方法,所述复合材料依次是由透波层、吸波层和反射层复合而成;所述透波层采用低介电常数连续纤维布和树脂制备而成;所述吸波层为环氧树脂与固化剂的共混物以及吸波功能粒子气凝胶填充蜂窝,所述环氧树脂与固化剂的共混物位于靠近透波层的蜂窝孔内,所述吸波功能粒子气凝胶位于靠近反射层的蜂窝孔内;所述反射层为碳纤维布增强树脂基复合材料。透波层使得电磁波能够进入吸波结构内部,反射层防止电磁波进入干扰内部电磁环境,同时促进入射电磁波的二次吸收,提升吸收效率。

Description

兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料
技术领域
本发明涉及功能蜂窝夹芯复合材料制备技术领域,具体为一种兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
隐身技术已成为现代信息化战争中各国竞相争抢的技术高地。传统的电磁吸波材料因使用频带固化、环境要求苛刻、无法参与结构受力等固有缺陷,导致其难以满足复杂化的周边环境、战场环境提出的电磁波隐身技术要求。
蜂窝夹芯复合材料可通过微结构的设计实现电磁波的高效精准调。纤维增强树脂基复合材料除具有优异的力学性能外,还具备优良的电磁性能,可以构造超材料微结构实现吸波、透波等不同功能,因而在隐身承载一体化设计领域具有巨大的应用潜力。
发明内容
本发明为了构造超材料微结构实现吸波、透波等不同功能,提供了一种兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料及其制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料,所述复合材料依次是由透波层、吸波层和反射层复合而成;
所述透波层采用低介电常数连续纤维布和树脂制备而成;
所述吸波层为环氧树脂与固化剂的共混物以及吸波功能粒子气凝胶填充蜂窝,所述环氧树脂与固化剂的共混物位于靠近透波层的蜂窝孔内,所述吸波功能粒子气凝胶位于靠近反射层的蜂窝孔内;
所述反射层为碳纤维布增强树脂基复合材料。
作为本发明复合材料技术方案的进一步改进,所述低介电常数连续纤维布为玻璃纤维布、芳纶纤维布、石英纤维布和超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布中的一种或多种的组合。
作为本发明复合材料技术方案的进一步改进,所述蜂窝为芳纶短切纤维蜂窝、尼龙短碳纤维蜂窝或玻纤短纤维蜂窝中的一种。
本发明进一步提供了一种兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将吸波功能粒子与去离子水混合,倒入定向冷冻模具中并放入蜂窝,定向冷冻后冷干成填充有一定高度的吸波功能粒子气凝胶蜂窝;
(2)将环氧树脂、固化剂混合均匀,获得共混物,回填至吸波功能粒子气凝胶蜂窝孔中,则得到吸波层;
(3)制备透波层和反射层:按比例称取并配制树脂胶液;将一定层数的低介电常数连续纤维布以及一定层数的碳纤维布分别铺放在相应的模具上,每铺一层均需刷涂树脂胶液,达到设计厚度后,通过热压成型工艺制备得到透波层和反射层;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的透波层和反射层用胶膜分别粘接于步骤(2)得到的吸波层两侧,其中填充环氧树脂与固化剂的共混物的蜂窝一侧与透波层相邻,填充有吸波功能粒子气凝胶的蜂窝另一侧与反射层相邻,然后固化成型,则得到兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料。
作为本发明制备方法技术方案的进一步改进,所述吸波层中环氧树脂与固化剂的共混物与吸波功能粒子气凝胶的高度比为9:1~1:9。
作为本发明制备方法技术方案的进一步改进,所述环氧树脂为双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂中的一种或多种。
作为本发明制备方法技术方案的进一步改进,所述固化剂为胺类固化剂或酸酐类固化剂中的一种或多种。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下有益效果:本发明提供了一种兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料及其制备方法。透波层使得电磁波能够进入吸波结构内部,反射层防止电磁波进入干扰内部电磁环境,同时促进入射电磁波的二次吸收,提升吸收效率。本发明的原料来源广泛,成型工艺稳定且操作便捷,制得的蜂窝夹芯复合材料的吸波性能和抗冲击性能均优异,在军事和民用领域均具有很好的应用前景。
附图说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分,展示出了符合本发明的实施例,并与说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,对于本领域普通技术人员而言,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为实施例1-3制备的兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料和对比例1制备的蜂窝夹芯复合材料的电磁波反射率随电磁波频率的变化曲线。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的上述目的、特征和优点,下面将对本发明的方案进行进一步描述。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本发明的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的方式来实施;显然,说明书中的实施例只是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
本发明提供了一种兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料的具体实施例,所述复合材料依次是由透波层、吸波层和反射层复合而成;
所述透波层采用低介电常数连续纤维布和树脂制备而成;
所述吸波层为环氧树脂与固化剂的共混物以及吸波功能粒子气凝胶填充蜂窝,所述环氧树脂与固化剂的共混物位于靠近透波层的蜂窝孔内,所述吸波功能粒子气凝胶位于靠近反射层的蜂窝孔内;
所述反射层为碳纤维布增强树脂基复合材料。
在本发明提供的一个实施例中,所述低介电常数连续纤维布为玻璃纤维布、芳纶纤维布、石英纤维布和超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布中的一种或多种的组合。
在本发明提供的另外一个实施例中,所述蜂窝为芳纶短切纤维蜂窝、尼龙短碳纤维蜂窝或玻纤短纤维蜂窝中的一种。
本发明进一步提供了一种兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将吸波功能粒子与去离子水混合,倒入定向冷冻模具中并放入蜂窝,定向冷冻后冷干成填充有一定高度的吸波功能粒子气凝胶蜂窝;
(2)将环氧树脂、固化剂混合均匀,获得共混物,回填至吸波功能粒子气凝胶蜂窝孔中,则得到吸波层;
(3)制备透波层和反射层:按比例称取并配制树脂胶液;将一定层数的低介电常数连续纤维布以及一定层数的碳纤维布分别铺放在相应的模具上,每铺一层均需刷涂树脂胶液,达到设计厚度后,通过热压成型工艺制备得到透波层和反射层;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的透波层和反射层用胶膜分别粘接于步骤(2)得到的吸波层两侧,其中填充环氧树脂与固化剂的共混物的蜂窝一侧与透波层相邻,填充有吸波功能粒子气凝胶的蜂窝另一侧与反射层相邻,然后固化成型,则得到兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料。
在本发明提供的一个实施例中,所述吸波层中环氧树脂与固化剂的共混物与吸波功能粒子气凝胶的高度比为9:1~1:9。
在本发明提供的另外一个实施例中,所述环氧树脂为双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂中的一种或多种。
在本发明提供的一个实施例中,所述固化剂为胺类固化剂或酸酐类固化剂中的一种或多种。
上述制备方法中,在步骤(1)中,所述吸波功能粒子与去离子水的质量比为8:2-2:8。
在步骤(3)中,所述透波层和吸波层所使用的树脂胶液完全相同,均为低介电常数树脂。其中热压成型工艺中,热压压力为5-20MPa,热压温度为100-150℃,热压时间为0 .5-3h。
在步骤(4)中,所述固化成型工艺的固化压力为0.1-1MPa,固化温度为100-200℃,固化时间为0 .5-3h。
下面对本发明的具体实施例进行详细说明。为了便于对比,本发明如下实施例和对比例所采用的石英纤维布、碳纤维布等为同一种规格的材料。所述蜂窝的高度为5mm。
实施例1
实施例1中的具体执行步骤为:
吸波层的制备:称取负载有Fe3O4的还原氧化石墨烯(Fe3O4@rGO)吸波功能粒子50g与去离子水50g混合,倒入定向冷冻模具中并放入蜂窝,定向冷冻后冷干成填充为高度2.5mm的气凝胶蜂窝;
称取105.6g双酚A型环氧树脂E-51,加入84.48g固化剂六氢苯酐(HHPA),加入0.528g促进剂2 ,4 ,6-三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚,分散均匀后,得到树脂胶液。
通过抽真空将树脂胶液回填至气凝胶蜂窝中并将上层没有气凝胶的部分填充满,则得到填充有吸波层;
透波层的制备:将2层裁剪后的石英纤维布刷涂上述制备的环氧树脂胶液,得到预浸料;在模具上涂刷脱模剂,将得到的预浸料铺放在模具上,然后通过热压成型工艺制备得到透波层;热压工艺参数为:100℃60min和140℃120min,施加15atm的压力。
反射层的制备:裁剪5层碳纤维布,每层均均匀刷涂上述制备的环氧树脂胶液,得到预浸料;在模具上涂刷脱模剂,将预浸料铺放在模具上,然后通过热压成型工艺制备得到反射层;热压工艺参数为:100℃凝胶45min,然后140℃下固化120min,施加15atm的压力。
按照透波层、环氧树脂胶膜、吸波层、环氧树脂胶膜、反射层的顺序从上到下铺层,然后在130℃、1MPa的压力下固化1h,得到本发明的兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料。
实施例2
实施例2中的具体执行步骤为:
吸波层的制备:称取Fe3O4@rGO吸波功能粒子40g与去离子水60g混合,倒入定向冷冻模具中并放入蜂窝,定向冷冻后冷干成填充为高度2 mm的气凝胶蜂窝;
称取105 .6g双酚A型环氧树脂E-51,加入84 .48g固化剂六氢苯酐(HHPA),加入0.528g促进剂2 ,4 ,6-三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚,分散均匀后,得到树脂胶液。
通过抽真空将上述制备的环氧树脂胶液回填至气凝胶蜂窝中并将上层没有气凝胶的部分也填充满,则得到吸波层。
透波层的制备:将2层裁剪后的石英纤维布刷涂上述制备的环氧树脂胶液,得到预浸料;在模具上涂刷脱模剂,将得到的预浸料铺放在模具上,然后通过热压成型工艺制备得到透波层;热压工艺参数为:100℃60min和140℃120min,施加15atm的压力。
反射层的制备:裁剪5层碳纤维布,每层均均匀刷涂上述制备的环氧树脂胶液,得到预浸料;在模具上涂刷脱模剂,将预浸料铺放在模具上,然后通过热压成型工艺制备得到反射层;热压工艺参数为:100℃凝胶45min,然后140℃下固化120min,施加15atm的压力。
按照透波层、环氧树脂胶膜、吸波层、环氧树脂胶膜、反射层的顺序从上到下铺层,然后在130℃、1MPa的压力下固化1h,得到本发明的兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料。
实施例3
实施例3中的具体执行步骤为:
吸波层的制备:称取Fe3O4@rGO吸波功能粒子30g与去离子水70g混合,倒入定向冷冻模具中并放入蜂窝,定向冷冻后冷干成填充为高度1 .5 mm的气凝胶蜂窝;
称取105 .6g双酚A型环氧树脂E-51,加入84 .48g固化剂六氢苯酐(HHPA),加入0.528g促进剂2 ,4 ,6-三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚,分散均匀后,得到树脂胶液。
通过抽真空将上述制备的环氧树脂胶液回填至气凝胶蜂窝中并将上层没有气凝胶的部分也填充满,则得到吸波层。
透波层的制备:将2层裁剪后的石英纤维布刷涂上述制备的环氧树脂胶液,得到预浸料;在模具上涂刷脱模剂,将得到的预浸料铺放在模具上,然后通过热压成型工艺制备得到透波层;热压工艺参数为:100℃60min和140℃120min,施加15atm的压力。
反射层的制备:裁剪5层碳纤维布,每层均均匀刷涂上述制备的环氧树脂胶液,得到预浸料;在模具上涂刷脱模剂,将预浸料铺放在模具上,然后通过热压成型工艺制备得到反射层;热压工艺参数为:100℃凝胶45min,然后140℃下固化120min,施加15atm的压力。
按照透波层、环氧树脂胶膜、吸波层、环氧树脂胶膜、反射层的顺序从上到下铺层,然后在130℃、1MPa的压力下固化1h,得到本发明的兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料。
采用弓形法测试实施例1-3制备的蜂窝夹芯复合材料的反射率,所得曲线如图1所示。
对比例1
对比例1中的具体执行步骤为:
吸波层的制备:称取105 .6g双酚A型环氧树脂E-51,加入84 .48g固化剂六氢苯酐(HHPA),加入0 .528g促进剂2 ,4 ,6-三(二甲氨基甲基)苯酚,分散均匀后,得到树脂胶液。
称取Fe3O4@rGO吸波功能粒子50g与树脂胶液50g混合,倒入模具中并放入蜂窝,填充为高度2.5 mm的吸波功能粒子/树脂半填充蜂窝;
将上述制备的环氧胶液填充至吸波功能粒子/树脂半填充蜂窝中,则得到吸波层。
透波层的制备:将2层裁剪后的石英纤维布刷涂上述制备的环氧树脂胶液,得到预浸料;在模具上涂刷脱模剂,将得到的预浸料铺放在模具上,然后通过热压成型工艺制备得到透波层;热压工艺参数为:100℃60min和140℃120min,施加15atm的压力。
反射层的制备:裁剪5层碳纤维布,每层均均匀刷上述制备的环氧涂树脂胶液,得到预浸料;在模具上涂刷脱模剂,将预浸料铺放在模具上,然后通过热压成型工艺制备得到反射层;热压工艺参数为:100℃凝胶45min,然后140℃下固化120min,施加15atm的压力。
按照透波层、环氧树脂胶膜、吸波层、环氧树脂胶膜、反射层的顺序从上到下铺层,然后在130℃、1MPa的压力下固化1h,得到本发明的兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料。
采用弓形法测试对比例1制备的蜂窝夹芯复合材料的反射率,所得曲线如图1所示。
对实施例1-3和对比例1的样品按照GJB2038A–2011《雷达吸波材料反射率测试方法》进行弓形法吸波性能测试,结果如表1所示。
表1 实施例1~3与对比例1的吸波测试
吸波测试 最大反射损耗RLmax(dB) 有效吸收带宽(GHz)
对比例1 -23.29 4.06
实施例1 -17.76 8.92
实施例2 -19.43 5.46
实施例3 -17.21 4.76
从表1可以看出: 本发明制备的兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料相比对比例1制备的蜂窝夹芯复合材料,具有优异的电磁波吸收性能,不管是吸收强度还是吸波带宽,均优于对比文件1的蜂窝夹芯复合材料。
以上所述仅是本发明的具体实施方式,使本领域技术人员能够理解或实现本发明。尽管参照前述各实施例进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离各实施例技术方案的范围,其均应涵盖权利要求书的保护范围中。

Claims (7)

1.一种兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料,其特征在于,所述复合材料依次是由透波层、吸波层和反射层复合而成;
所述透波层采用低介电常数连续纤维布和树脂制备而成;
所述吸波层为环氧树脂与固化剂的共混物以及吸波功能粒子气凝胶填充蜂窝,所述环氧树脂与固化剂的共混物位于靠近透波层的蜂窝孔内,所述吸波功能粒子气凝胶位于靠近反射层的蜂窝孔内;
所述反射层为碳纤维布增强树脂基复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料,其特征在于,所述低介电常数连续纤维布为玻璃纤维布、芳纶纤维布、石英纤维布和超高分子量聚乙烯纤维布中的一种或多种的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料,其特征在于,所述蜂窝为芳纶短切纤维蜂窝、尼龙短碳纤维蜂窝或玻纤短纤维蜂窝中的一种。
4.如权利要求1至3任一权利要求所述一种兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将吸波功能粒子与去离子水混合,倒入定向冷冻模具中并放入蜂窝,定向冷冻后冷干成填充有一定高度的吸波功能粒子气凝胶蜂窝;
(2)将环氧树脂、固化剂混合均匀,获得共混物,回填至吸波功能粒子气凝胶蜂窝孔中,则得到吸波层;
(3)制备透波层和反射层:按比例称取并配制树脂胶液;将一定层数的低介电常数连续纤维布以及一定层数的碳纤维布分别铺放在相应的模具上,每铺一层均需刷涂树脂胶液,达到设计厚度后,通过热压成型工艺制备得到透波层和反射层;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的透波层和反射层用胶膜分别粘接于步骤(2)得到的吸波层两侧,其中填充环氧树脂与固化剂的共混物的蜂窝一侧与透波层相邻,填充有吸波功能粒子气凝胶的蜂窝另一侧与反射层相邻,然后固化成型,则得到兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述吸波层中环氧树脂与固化剂的共混物与吸波功能粒子气凝胶的高度比为9:1~1:9。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述环氧树脂为双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种兼具抗高速冲击和吸波隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述固化剂为胺类固化剂或酸酐类固化剂中的一种或多种。
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