CN112318950A - 一种高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料 - Google Patents

一种高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料 Download PDF

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CN112318950A
CN112318950A CN202011200810.3A CN202011200810A CN112318950A CN 112318950 A CN112318950 A CN 112318950A CN 202011200810 A CN202011200810 A CN 202011200810A CN 112318950 A CN112318950 A CN 112318950A
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electromagnetic
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lattice structure
resin
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伍茂松
郑生全
冀航
邓峰
陆凤波
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China Ship Development and Design Centre
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料，其由电磁防护层和覆盖在电磁防护层上下表面的蒙皮层构成，所述电磁防护层由多层点阵结构电磁防护层叠加得到，每层点阵结构电磁防护层由带尖端突起的结构单元呈蜂窝点阵分布得到的点阵结构材料及其上涂覆的电磁吸收损耗涂层组成，并且从上至下各层点阵结构电磁防护层中电磁吸收损耗涂层质量百分含量逐渐增加，呈梯度分布，电磁防护层内部空隙由轻质高透波树脂基增强材料填充。本发明提供的高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料各电磁防护层厚度/总体厚度在室温固化条件下更易精确控制、电磁吸收性能的可控性更强，同时通过浇注轻质高透波树脂基增强材料提升了材料结构力学性能。

Description

一种高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料
技术领域
本发明属于吸收天线辐射波的装置技术领域，具体涉及一种高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料。
背景技术
随着电子科学技术的快速发展和应用，各种微电子器件在舰船装备中广泛使用，使得现代化通信装备系统的电磁敏感度越来越高，强电磁脉冲对电子通信设备构成的威胁倍受人们的重视，因此在强电磁环境中设置电磁脉冲防护是很有必要的。现有的电磁脉冲防护结构材料一般由薄层泡沫、蜂窝、橡胶等电磁防护层按照一定的厚度和叠加顺序经热压而成，具有一定的力学强度和电磁吸收特性，其特点是能够将不同薄层电磁防护层按照阻抗匹配设计依次叠加、热压成为整体，为宽频强电磁吸收设计提供更多的设计维度。但现有的电磁脉冲防护结构材料普遍存在力学性能(平压强度、弯曲强度等)和电性能较差，同时，电磁脉冲防护结构材料在成型过程中，容易受热传导不均匀引起层间结合力差，高温高压下材料塌陷变形引起电性能与设计值差异较大，加之泡沫、蜂窝、橡胶等材料自身结构力学较差，导致材料成型后的整体结构力学及其电性能指标均难以满足实际应用要求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术中存在的上述不足，提供一种高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料，运用室温固化工艺技术将每层基于点阵结构设计的电磁防护层按设计厚度精确铺设、叠加，且每层铺设完成后在点阵结构内部浇注轻质高透波树脂基增强材料，具有性能稳定性好、宽频带强电磁吸收、高结构强度等特点。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供的技术方案是：
提供一种高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料，其由电磁防护层和覆盖在电磁防护层上下表面的蒙皮层构成，所述电磁防护层由多层点阵结构电磁防护层叠加得到，每层点阵结构电磁防护层由带尖端突起的结构单元呈蜂窝点阵分布得到的点阵结构材料及其上涂覆的电磁吸收损耗涂层组成，并且从上至下各层点阵结构电磁防护层中电磁吸收损耗涂层质量百分含量逐渐增加，呈梯度分布，电磁防护层内部空隙由轻质高透波树脂基增强材料填充。
按上述方案，所述结构单元材质为聚碳酸酯、芳纶纸、金属(如铝、铁)中的一种，结构单元边长1.8～3mm。
按上述方案，所述电磁防护层中从上至下各层点阵结构电磁防护层中电磁吸收损耗涂层质量百分含量由2～5％增加至10～25％。
优选的是，所述电磁防护层由2～5层点阵结构电磁防护层复合得到。
优选的是，所述电磁防护层厚度为10～25mm。
优选的是，所述蒙皮层厚度为0.3～0.5mm。
按上述方案，所述蒙皮层由增强材料与树脂材料复合得到，所述增强材料为石英纤维布、高硅氧布、高强玻璃布中的一种，所述树脂材料为环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚氨酯树脂、有机硅树脂中的一种，树脂材料中添加有室温固化剂，蒙皮层中树脂材料的质量百分比为35～60％。
按上述方案，所述磁吸收损耗涂层由铁钴粉、羰基铁粉、铁硅铝粉、乙炔炭黑中的一种掺入环氧树脂得到的混合物复合(浸渍或涂覆)在点阵结构材料表面再固化得到，环氧树脂中添加有室温固化剂。
按上述方案，所述铁钴粉、羰基铁粉、铁硅铝粉、乙炔炭黑均为微米级，优选10～100微米。
按上述方案，所述乙炔炭黑在混合物中的质量百分比为10～25％，所述铁钴粉、羰基铁粉、铁硅铝粉在混合物中的质量百分比为75～85％。
按上述方案，所述轻质高透波树脂基增强材料由轻质透波材料与室温固化树脂复合得到，所述轻质透波材料为玻璃微球、酚醛微球、有机硅微球的一种，粒径40～80μm，轻质透波材料在轻质高透波树脂基增强材料中的质量百分比为40～50％。轻质透波材料主要作用是减小轻质高透波树脂基增强材料的密度，且具有较好的透波性能。
按上述方案，所述室温固化树脂为室温固化环氧树脂或室温固化乙烯树脂。
本发明还包括上述高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
1)制备点阵结构电磁防护层：在多块由带尖端突起的结构单元呈蜂窝点阵分布得到的点阵结构材料表面分别复合一层电磁吸收损耗涂层，得到多块点阵结构电磁防护层，且各块点阵结构电磁防护层表面电磁吸收损耗涂层的质量百分含量逐渐增加；
2)将蒙皮层铺设于脱模布上，在蒙皮层上铺设多层点阵结构电磁防护层，从上至下各层点阵结构电磁防护层的电磁吸收损耗涂层的质量百分含量逐渐增加，并在各层点阵结构电磁防护层表面间隙浇筑轻质高透波树脂基增强材料，最后在多层点阵结构电磁防护层表面铺设一层蒙皮层，固化得到高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料。
按上述方案，步骤1)所述复合方式为浸渍或涂覆方法。
按上述方案，步骤2)所述固化工艺条件为：室温(15～35℃)下放置7天，或60～80℃下放置1天。
本发明采用宽频强电磁吸收与高结构强度兼容设计技术方案，提出一种新型高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料，不仅可以实现宽频强电磁吸收与高结构强度的室温固化成型，无需加温加压成型步骤，极大地提高了成型速度，更适合批量化生产。且与传统的基于薄层泡沫、蜂窝、橡胶等电磁防护层热压加工而成的电磁脉冲防护结构材料相比，各电磁防护层厚度/总体厚度在室温固化条件下更易精确控制、电磁吸收性能的可控性更强，同时通过浇注轻质高透波树脂基增强材料提升了材料结构力学性能。实际操作中为实现宽频强电磁吸收功能，按照高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料实际使用外形和尺寸要求，在满足有限厚度条件下可依据阻抗匹配原理设计出多层具有质量梯度的电磁防护层、上下表面蒙皮层，并确定电磁防护层及蒙皮层每层对应的厚度。
本发明的有益效果在于：1、与传统的基于薄层泡沫、蜂窝、橡胶等电磁防护层热压加工而成的电磁脉冲防护结构材料相比，本发明提供的高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料各电磁防护层厚度/总体厚度在室温固化条件下更易精确控制、电磁吸收性能的可控性更强，同时通过浇注轻质高透波树脂基增强材料提升了材料结构力学性能。2、本发明制备方法能够根据装备外形和尺寸需要，采用基于柔性点阵结构设计的大尺寸曲面室温固化成型工艺，可以实现宽频强电磁吸收与结构承载的室温固化成型，减少加温加压成型的步骤，极大地提高了成型速度。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1所制备的高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料的结构示意图；
图2为实施例1蜂窝点阵分布的点阵结构材料平面结构示意图。
图中，1、7为上下表面蒙皮层；2为轻质高透波树脂基增强材料；3、4、5、6为表面涂敷有不同质量百分含量电磁吸收损耗涂层的点阵结构电磁防护层。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细描述。
一种高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料，其结构示意图如图1所示，它由上下表面蒙皮层1和7、轻质高透波树脂基增强材料2和表面涂敷有不同质量百分含量电磁吸收损耗涂层的点阵结构电磁防护层3、4、5、6构成。
所述的点阵结构电磁防护层3、4、5和6是带尖端突起的结构单元呈蜂窝点阵分布得到的点阵结构材料(材质为聚碳酸酯、芳纶纸、金属中的一种)及其上涂覆的电磁吸收损耗涂层(铁钴涂层、羰基铁涂层、铁硅铝涂层、乙炔炭黑涂层中的一种)复合得到，且从上至下各层中电磁吸收损耗涂层质量百分含量逐渐增加，呈梯度分布。
所述的蒙皮层是石英纤维布、高硅氧布、高强玻璃布中的一种与环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚氨酯树脂、有机硅树脂中的一种复合而成的材料。
所述的轻质高透波树脂基增强材料是轻质透波材料玻璃微球、酚醛微球、有机硅微球的一种与室温固化环氧树脂、室温固化乙烯树脂中的一种按一定比例混合而成的复合材料。
实施例1
一种高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料，制备步骤如下：
1)在4块聚碳酸酯材质的点阵结构材料(由边长2.5mm、厚度5mm、带尖端突起的结构单元呈蜂窝点阵分布得到，平面结构示意图如图2所示，尺寸300mm×300mm×21mm)表面浸渍乙炔炭黑涂层材料(由平均粒径10μm的乙炔炭黑掺入环氧树脂得到，环氧树脂中添加有室温固化剂，乙炔炭黑涂层材料中乙炔炭黑质量百分含量为20％)并室温固化得到4块点阵结构电磁防护层，通过调整浸渍次数的方式使4块点阵结构电磁防护层中乙炔炭黑涂层的质量百分含量分别为5％、8％、11％及15％，即得到点阵结构电磁防护层3、4、5、6；
2)将5层高硅氧纤维布铺设于脱模布上，将室温固化聚氨酯树脂刮涂于铺设的纤维布上，保持表面刮涂平整，形成下表面蒙皮层7(聚氨酯树脂占质量比45％)，再将上述制备的点阵结构电磁防护层6、5、4、3依次铺设、叠加，在每层叠加完成后将轻质高透波树脂基增强材料2(平均粒径粒径40μm的玻璃微球与室温固化乙烯树脂充分搅拌混合得到，其中玻璃微球质量百分比为40％)浇注于点阵结构电磁防护层表面，并用刮刀将表面刮平整，再将5层石英纤维布铺设于点阵结构电磁防护层3上，将室温固化聚氨酯树脂刮涂于铺设的石英纤维布上形成蒙皮层1(聚氨酯树脂占质量比45％)。最后，在蒙皮层1上盖上脱模布，表面压实并确保平整，室温静置7天固化完全即获得宽频强电磁吸收与高结构强度兼容设计的高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料。
本实施例中点阵结构电磁防护层3、4、5、6和蒙皮层1、7对应的厚度分别为5mm、5mm、5mm、5mm、0.5mm及0.5mm，总厚度21.0mm。经测试，本实施例制备的高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料在8-18GHz范围内电磁波损耗吸收率≥99％，平压强度和弯曲强度分别为≥50.0MPa和43.5MPa，强度较现有电磁脉冲防护结构材料提升10倍左右。

Claims (10)

1.一种高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料，其特征在于，其由电磁防护层和覆盖在电磁防护层上下表面的蒙皮层构成，所述电磁防护层由多层点阵结构电磁防护层叠加得到，每层点阵结构电磁防护层由带尖端突起的结构单元呈蜂窝点阵分布得到的点阵结构材料及其上涂覆的电磁吸收损耗涂层组成，并且从上至下各层点阵结构电磁防护层中电磁吸收损耗涂层质量百分含量逐渐增加，呈梯度分布，电磁防护层内部空隙由轻质高透波树脂基增强材料填充。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料，其特征在于，所述结构单元材质为聚碳酸酯、芳纶纸、金属中的一种，结构单元边长1.8～3mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料，其特征在于，所述电磁防护层中从上至下各层点阵结构电磁防护层中电磁吸收损耗涂层质量百分含量由2～5％增加至10～25％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料，其特征在于，所述电磁防护层由2～5层点阵结构电磁防护层复合得到；
所述电磁防护层厚度为10～25mm；
所述蒙皮层厚度为0.3～0.5mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料，其特征在于，所述蒙皮层由增强材料与树脂材料复合得到，所述增强材料为石英纤维布、高硅氧布、高强玻璃布中的一种，所述树脂材料为环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚氨酯树脂、有机硅树脂中的一种，树脂材料中添加有室温固化剂，蒙皮层中树脂材料的质量百分比为35～60％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料，其特征在于，所述磁吸收损耗涂层由铁钴粉、羰基铁粉、铁硅铝粉、乙炔炭黑中的一种掺入环氧树脂得到的混合物复合在点阵结构材料表面再固化得到，环氧树脂中添加有室温固化剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料，其特征在于，所述轻质高透波树脂基增强材料由轻质透波材料与室温固化树脂复合得到，所述轻质透波材料为玻璃微球、酚醛微球、有机硅微球的一种，粒径40～80μm，轻质透波材料在轻质高透波树脂基增强材料中的质量百分比为40～50％；
所述室温固化树脂为室温固化环氧树脂或室温固化乙烯树脂。
8.一种权利要求1-7任一所述的高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：
1)制备点阵结构电磁防护层：在多块由带尖端突起的结构单元呈蜂窝点阵分布得到的点阵结构材料表面分别复合一层电磁吸收损耗涂层，得到多块点阵结构电磁防护层，且各块点阵结构电磁防护层表面电磁吸收损耗涂层的质量百分含量逐渐增加；
2)将蒙皮层铺设于脱模布上，在蒙皮层上铺设多层点阵结构电磁防护层，从上至下各层点阵结构电磁防护层的电磁吸收损耗涂层的质量百分含量逐渐增加，并在各层点阵结构电磁防护层表面间隙浇筑轻质高透波树脂基增强材料，最后在多层点阵结构电磁防护层表面铺设一层蒙皮层，固化得到高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1)所述复合方式为浸渍或涂覆方法。
10.根据权利要求8所述的高强度电磁脉冲防护结构材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2)所述固化工艺条件为：室温下放置7天，或60～80℃下放置1天。
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