CN117860774A - 甲钴胺与水林佳组合药物在治疗非酒精性脂肪肝炎中的应用 - Google Patents
甲钴胺与水林佳组合药物在治疗非酒精性脂肪肝炎中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了甲钴胺MeCbl与水林佳SC组合药物在治疗非酒精性脂肪肝炎NASH中的应用,本发明首次提出口服MeCbl可有效干预和治疗NASH疾病进展,并首次提出口服MeCbl与SC组合药物可在单体药物基础上协同增效治疗NASH以及肝损伤、炎症、肝纤维化和肝脏脂质沉积。本发明中MeCbl/SC组合物对NASH的治疗具有强效作用,为临床上这类难治性肝病提供新的治疗药物同时降低SC单药使用剂量,降低患者不良反应发生率与治疗成本。本发明所涉及的药物分子药代动力学及安全性资料较为详尽,新适应症的开发很快就能进入临床评估,在缩短研发周期的同时可节约开发成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,具体涉及甲钴胺与水林佳组合药物在治疗非酒精性脂肪肝炎中的应用。
背景技术
非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)是同时具有肝细胞损伤和炎症反应的肝脏脂肪变性,35%-50%的NASH患者会进展为肝硬化和肝细胞癌变,是导致终末期肝病和肝移植的主要原因之一,而临床上缺乏对因治疗药物(Pathogenesisand treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and its fibrosis.Clin MolHepatol,2023,29:77-98.)。目前围绕NASH的治疗药物研究主要集中在代谢、炎症以及纤维化等多个潜在靶点上,包括核受体激动剂、PPAR激动剂、趋化因子受体抑制剂、甲状腺激素受体-β激动剂以及GLP-1、FGF21、SGLT2抑制剂等(Novel therapeutic targets forcholestatic and fatty liver disease.Gut,2022,71:194-209.Efficacy ofperoxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists,glucagon-like peptide-1receptor agonists,or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2inhibitors for treatmentof non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:a systematic review.Lancet GastroenterolHepatol,2022,7:367-378.FGF21 protects against hepatic lipotoxicity andmacrophage activation to attenuate fibrogenesis in nonalcoholicsteatohepatitis.Elife,2023,12)。然而Ⅲ期临床研究显示,只有FXR激动剂奥贝胆酸具有一定的治疗效果,但肝纤维化2~3级NASH患者的用药风险过大,因而FDA拒绝其用于NASH临床适应症。临床试验进展显示NASH新药试验屡屡失败,主要原因在于NASH发病机制复杂,单一靶点的治疗药物存在疗效不足甚至产生明显肝毒性副作用等问题,因此,针对多个NASH疾病靶点的药物组合物可能是治疗NASH的潜在解决方案。
水林佳(SC)是一种由水飞蓟宾与卵磷脂组成的复合制剂,具有抗脂质过氧化、稳定与修复受损细胞膜的效果。水飞蓟宾作为水林佳主要活性成分可以防止毒性物质和药物等对肝脏造成损伤,促进肝细胞再生修复,被称为“天然的保肝药”。卵磷脂是一种两性分子,能够增加水飞蓟宾脂溶性,加速水飞蓟宾向肝脏转运。两者做成制剂后,水飞蓟宾的体内吸收与生物利用度得到显著提高(Silibinin Capsules improves high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hamsters through modifyinghepatic de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation.JEthnopharmacol,2017,208:24-35),但仍然存在临床用药剂量过高导致胃肠道副反应、低剂量疗效不显著等一系列问题(ARandomized Trial ofSilymarin for the Treatment of NonalcoholicSteatohepatitis.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol,2017,15(12):1940-1949.e8.Silymarinin non-cirrhotics with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis:A randomized,double-blind,placebo controlled trial,PLoS One,2019,14(9):e0221683)。甲钴胺(MeCbl)为内源性维生素B12,目前主要用于治疗周围神经系统病变,包括治疗三叉神经痛、面肌痉挛和多发性神经炎等,现已被制成片剂和注射剂广泛应用于临床。然而目前尚未有甲钴胺和水林佳组合药物干预NASH的相关报道。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供了甲钴胺(MeCbl)或者甲钴胺(MeCbl)与水林佳(SC)联用在制备用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝炎(NASH)及其演变疾病的药物中的应用,该组合药可在水林佳、甲钴胺单药基础上发挥显著协同干预NASH的治疗效果,同时组合药可有效降低水林佳的使用剂量,降低NASH治疗成本和不良反应发生率,提供一种新的NASH治疗组合药物。
本发明还提供一种用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝炎及其演变疾病的药物组合物,及其组合药物在制备治疗各类急性、慢性组织器官损伤或衰竭中的应用。
技术方案:为了实现上述目的,本发明所述甲钴胺或者甲钴胺与水林佳联用在制备用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝炎及其演变疾病的药物中的应用。
其中,所述水林佳的主要活性成分水飞蓟宾的化学结构式如下式I所示,所述甲钴胺的化学结构式如下式Ⅱ所示:
其中,所述甲钴胺或者甲钴胺与水林佳联用通过包括减轻肝损伤、炎症、肝纤维化与肝脏脂质沉积在制备用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝炎及其演变的疾病的药物中的应用。
其中,所述演变疾病包括急性肝衰竭、慢加急肝衰竭、慢性肝衰竭以及感染合并肝衰竭。
进一步地,所述疾病除NASH外,还包括NASH末期引发的肝衰竭以及合并产生的多器官衰竭,包括肾衰竭、肺衰竭和心衰竭。
其中,所述甲钴胺单独使用能够治疗非酒精性脂肪肝炎,包括减轻肝损伤、炎症、肝纤维化与肝脏脂质沉积;甲钴胺与水林佳组合药物相较于甲钴胺单独使用,能够协同增效强效干预非酒精性脂肪肝炎的肝损伤、炎症、肝纤维化与肝脏脂质沉积。
其中,所述甲钴胺和水林佳的质量组成比范围为(1-10):50。
作为优选,所述甲钴胺和水林佳的质量组成比范围为(1-3):50。
进一步地,所述甲钴胺和水林佳的质量组成比范围为1:50;所述药物组合物甲钴胺和水林佳经口服干预NASH的最佳质量比为1:50。
本发明所述用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝炎及其演变疾病的药物组合物,包括甲钴胺和水林佳作为活性成分,以及药学上可接受的载体。
其中,所述的药物组合物,包括质量比为(1-10):50的甲钴胺和水林佳。
作为优选,所述药物组合物包括质量比为(1-3):50的甲钴胺和水林佳。
其中,所述组合物包括各种以组合物制备而成的药物制剂,具体包括胶囊剂、散剂、片剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、注射剂、糖浆剂、口服液、吸入剂、软膏剂、栓剂或贴剂。
其中,需用速释缓释双层片释药,甲钴胺和水林佳药物组合物在所述剂型中口服进入机体后,水林佳瞬时释放,甲钴胺延时6~8小时释放,产生显著的协同效果。
进一步地,本发明研究表明甲钴胺与水林佳同时混合给药无明显协同增效治疗效果,当先给予水林佳后,再间隔6~8小时后给予甲钴胺会产生显著的协同效果。
进一步地,本发明提出一种甲钴胺和水林佳药物组合物的给药形式,先给予当先给予水林佳后,再间隔6~8小时后给予甲钴胺,药物组合物包括质量比为(1-3):50的甲钴胺和水林佳;或者将甲钴胺和水林佳药物组合物制成缓释药剂,保证进入机体后,水林佳瞬时释放,甲钴胺延时6~8小时释放。
作为优选,所述甲钴胺与水林佳联用在制备用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝炎及其演变疾病的药物中的应用,所述药物进入机体后水林佳瞬时释放,甲钴胺延时6~8小时释放,同时甲钴胺和水林佳的质量比为(1-3):50。
进一步地,所述药物组合物甲钴胺和水林佳还包括药学上可接受的衍生物,包括但不限于:药学上可接受的前药、盐、酯类盐,或者能直接或间接根据动物需求给药的其他任何衍生物。
本发明提出了一种新的NASH药物治疗策略,即应用水林佳与甲钴胺组合,可用于治疗NASH,属于老药新用。所述组合药中的有效成分甲钴胺单独口服能够治疗NASH,包括减轻肝损伤、炎症、肝纤维化与肝脏脂质沉积。甲钴胺与水林佳组合后经口服给药,相较于甲钴胺或水林佳单独使用能够进一步协同增效强效干预NASH。本发明所涉及的药物分子药代动力学及安全性资料较为详尽,在缩短研发周期的同时可有望开发一种全新的NASH以及NASH所引发的肝衰竭、组织器官衰竭的治疗药物。
本发明中甲钴胺(MeCbl)及MeCbl与水林佳(水飞蓟宾胶囊,SC)药物组合物在制备用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝炎(Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)药物中的应用。在蛋氨酸和胆碱缺乏高脂饮食(MCDHFD)引发的NASH模型中,首次提出口服MeCbl可有效干预NASH疾病进展,并首次提出口服MeCbl与SC组合药物可在单体药物基础上协同增效治疗肝损伤、炎症、肝纤维化和肝脏脂质沉积。本发明中MeCbl/SC组合物对NASH的治疗具有强效作用,为临床上这类难治性肝病提供新的治疗药物。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
本发明首次公开了一种甲钴胺与水林佳的组合药物及其医药用途,并首次公开了甲钴胺单独口服给药以及甲钴胺与水林佳联合给药可干预NASH中的肝损伤、炎症、肝纤维化与肝脏脂质沉积,起到治疗NASH的作用。甲钴胺与水林佳形成组合药物后相较于水林佳、甲钴胺单独给药,能够进一步协同显著增效干预和治疗NASH,证明该组合物对NASH的治疗具有强效作用,可望为临床上这类难治性肝病提供新的治疗药物,同时降低水林佳临床使用剂量,降低其不良反应发生率与患者治疗成本。本发明为老药新用,组合药物分子的药代动力学资料较为详尽,安全可靠且副作用很轻,新适应症的开发很快就能进入临床评估,缩短研发周期,节约开发成本。
附图说明
图1为MeCbl、SC单用以及MeCbl与SC两种联用方式(同一天分开灌胃联用vs两药混合后灌胃联用)对MCDHFD模型小鼠肝损伤血清生化指标的影响:谷草转氨酶(AST)(A-混合给药、C-分时间给药)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)(B-混合给药、D-分时间给药)。图中横坐标为NASH模型及口服给药各组别:Chow、MCDHFD Chow、MCDHFD Chow+SC(50mg/Kg)、MCDHFD Chow+MeCbl(1mg/Kg)、MCDHFD Chow+MeCbl(3mg/Kg)、MCDHFD Chow+MeCbl(10mg/Kg)、MCDHFDChow+SC(50mg/Kg)+MeCbl(1mg/Kg)、MCDHFD Chow+SC(50mg/Kg)+MeCbl(3mg/Kg)、MCDHFDChow+SC(50mg/Kg)+MeCbl(10mg/Kg)。图中纵坐标为小鼠血清ALT、AST水平。*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001,vs MCDHFD Chow。
图2为MeCbl、SC单用以及MeCbl联用SC对MCDHFD模型小鼠肝脏脂质合成与转运相关基因表达的影响:乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(Acca)(A)、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶(Scd)(B)、肝脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(L-fabp)(C)的mRNA相对表达水平检测实验结果图;图中横坐标为NASH模型及口服给药各组别(与图1相同),纵坐标为小鼠肝脏脂质合成与转运相关基因mRNA相对表达量。*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001,vs MCDHFD Chow。
图3为MeCbl、SC单用以及MeCbl联用SC对MCDHFD模型小鼠肝脏肝纤维化相关基因表达的影响:α1-I型胶原(Col1a1)(A)、α1-Ⅱ型胶原(Col1a2)(B)、转化生长因子-β(Tgfb)(C)、平滑肌肌动蛋白2(Acta2)(D)的mRNA相对表达水平检测实验结果图;图中横坐标为NASH模型及口服给药各组别(与图1相同),纵坐标为小鼠肝脏肝纤维化相关基因mRNA相对表达量。*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001,vs MCDHFD Chow。
图4为MeCbl、SC单用以及MeCbl联用SC对MCDHFD模型小鼠肝脏促炎因子相关基因表达的影响:肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tnfa)(A)、白介素-1β(Il1b)(B)、白介素-6(Il6)(C)。图中横坐标为NASH模型及口服给药各组别(与图1相同),纵坐标为小鼠肝脏促炎因子相关基因mRNA相对表达量。*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001,vs MCDHFD Chow。
图5为MeCbl、SC单用以及MeCbl联用SC对MCDHFD模型小鼠肝损血清生化指标与NASH疾病相关基因表达的影响,表中分组栏为MeCbl、SC单用以及MeCbl联用SC的灌胃剂量与组别,AST/ALT用于指征小鼠肝损状况,Relative Acca、Scd、L-fabp mRNA level用于指征小鼠肝脏脂质沉积的状况,Relative Col1a1、Col1a2、Tgfb、Acta2 mRNA level用于指征小鼠肝脏肝纤维化的状况,Relative Tnf-a、Il-1b、Il-6mRNA level用于指征小鼠肝脏炎症反应的状况,组合药物的协同指数(CI)用于指征组合药干预NASH病理发展的协同效应强弱。
图6为MeCbl、SC单用以及MeCbl联用SC对MCDHFD模型小鼠肝脏损伤(H&E染色)(A)、纤维化(Masson染色)(B)与脂质沉积(Oil Red O染色)(C)的影响,图中标尺为100μm。
图7为MeCbl、SC单用以及MeCbl联用SC对MCDHFD模型小鼠肝组织NAS评分的影响:NAS评分(A)、NAS评分协同指数(B)。(A)图中横坐标为NASH模型及口服给药各组别,纵坐标为小鼠NAS评分数值。(B)图中组合药物的协同指数(CI)用于指征组合药干预NAS评分的协同效应强弱。**p<0.01,***p<0.001,vs MCDHFD Chow。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。本发明不受到这些实施例的限制。本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明。
本发明具体实施方式中使用的原料、设备均为已知产品,通过购买市售获得。实验方法为常规的方法。
1.实验材料
1.1仪器与设备
各量程移液枪(Eppendorf,Germany)、Allegra 64R高速冷冻台式离心机(BECKMAN,USA)、BSA223S型,PRACTUM224-1CN型及BT125D型电子分析天平(Sartorius,Germany);微孔板恒温振荡器和旋涡混合器(其林贝尔,中国);Milli-Q纯水系统(Millipore,USA);FormaTM900Series-86℃超低温冰箱(Thermo Fisher Scientific,USA);Synergy H1全功能微孔板酶标仪(BioTek,USA);徕卡正置显微镜(DM6B)(Leica,Germany);Nanodropone超微量分光光度计(Thermo Fisher Scientific,USA);无菌1mL注射器(康德莱,中国);。
1.2试剂
水林佳(天津天士力制药股份有限公司,国药准字H20040299,中国)、甲钴胺(MCE,HY-B0586,USA);AST检测试剂盒(南京建成生物,C010-2-1,中国)和ALT检测试剂盒(南京建成生物,C009-2-1,中国);MCDHFD饲料(上海派克生物,Research Diets_A06071302,中国);通用型组织固定液(Biosharp,BL539A,中国);羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)(阿拉丁,C104984,中国);其他化学试剂均购自国药试剂有限公司(中国,上海)。
RT-PCR所需试剂包括:RNA抽提试剂盒(Takara,9108,Japan);HiScript III RTSuperMix for qPCR(+gDNA wiper)(Vazyme,R323-01,中国)和ChamQ SYBR qPCR MasterMix(Vazyme,Q331-02/03,中国);DEPC H2O(DNase、RNase free)(碧云天生物科技有限公司,R0022,中国);其他抽提RNA过程中所用乙醇氯仿等均购自国药试剂有限公司(中国,上海)。
1.3实验动物
25g 7周龄左右SPF级C57/BL6J雄性小鼠,购买自上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司。许可证号码:SCXK(沪)2022-0004。
2.实验方法
2.1溶液与药物配制
0.5% CMC-Na溶液:称量5g CMC-Na粉末,加入1L ddH2O中,40℃磁力搅拌4h至粉末全部溶解,常温储存,临用时,按照吐温-8和0.5% CMC-Na体积比为1:20,向0.5% CMC-Na加入吐温-80,并涡旋混匀。
SC(50mg/Kg小鼠体重)灌胃药液:取1粒SC(含35mg水飞蓟宾),将粉末倾于干燥洁净的玻璃研钵中,多次少量加入5.6mL 0.5% CMC-Na,仔细研磨成均质的混悬液,临用现配。
MeCbl(1/3/10mg/Kg小鼠体重)灌胃药液:分别称量6mg MeCbl粉末,加入4.8mL0.5% CMC-Na,涡旋制得10mg/Kg小鼠体重的MeCbl灌胃药液,另取两根EP管,分别标记为3mg/Kg MeCbl、1mg/Kg MeCbl,3mg/Kg MeCbl管加入3.5mL 0.5% CMC-Na,1mg/Kg MeCbl管加入3mL 0.5% CMC-Na。然后从10mg/Kg MeCbl管中取1.5mL 10mg/Kg MeCbl灌胃药液加入3mg/Kg MeCbl管中,涡旋混匀后,再从3mg/Kg MeCbl管中取1.5mL 3mg/Kg MeCbl灌胃药液加入1mg/Kg MeCbl管中,涡旋混匀。临用现配,避光操作。
SC+MeCbl混合药:在上述SC与MeCbl配药方案基础上,溶剂体积不变将药物粉末质量增加一倍后涡旋混匀,将SC与不同浓度MeCbl按1:1体积混匀制成混合药。临用现配,避光操作,同时单药也需要加等体积的溶剂。
2.2MCDHFD模型的构建
54只6周龄SPF级雄性野生型C56BL/6J小鼠,购自上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司,实验动物饲养于中国药科大学实验动物中心清洁级饲养室,恒温恒湿,昼夜节律控制,饲养温度约23-24℃,湿度在60±10%左右。所述C57BL/6J小鼠用维持饲料适应性饲养一周后,进行随机分组,造模并同时给药如下所示:
①Chow组:每日给予维持饲料和正常饮水;②MCDHFD组:每日给予MCDHFD饲料和正常饮水;③SC(50mg/Kg)组:每日给予MCDHFD饲料和正常饮水,每日9点灌胃50mg/Kg SC;④MeCbl(1mg/Kg)组:每日给予MCDHFD饲料和正常饮水,每日16点灌胃1mg/Kg MeCbl;⑤MeCbl(3mg/Kg)组:每日给予MCDHFD饲料和正常饮水,每日16点灌胃3mg/Kg MeCbl;⑥MeCbl(10mg/Kg)组:每日给予MCDHFD饲料和正常饮水,每日16点灌胃10mg/Kg MeCbl;⑦SC(50mg/Kg)+MeCbl(1mg/Kg)组:每日给予MCDHFD饲料和正常饮水,每日9点灌胃50mg/Kg SC以及每日16点灌胃1mg/Kg MeCbl;⑧SC(50mg/Kg)+MeCbl(3mg/Kg)组:每日给予MCDHFD饲料和正常饮水,每日9点灌胃50mg/Kg SC,以及每日16点灌胃灌胃3mg/Kg MeCbl;⑨SC(50mg/Kg)+MeCbl(10mg/Kg)组:每日给予MCDHFD饲料和正常饮水,每日9点灌胃50mg/Kg SC,以及每日16点灌胃灌胃10mg/Kg MeCbl。SC与MeCbl混合后同时灌胃给药处理与上述单药实验操作基本一致,仅每天9点灌胃给予单药和混合药,同时保证混合药中两种药物的给药剂量与上述组别⑦⑧⑨中分时间给药剂量一致。
每天按照上述给药方式与剂量给予小鼠药物治疗直至6周模型结束,造模6周后,小鼠眼眶静脉丛取血,取全肝,将肝大叶用于4%多聚甲醛固定,余下肝脏冷冻保存。
2.3小鼠血清AST/ALT酶活性检测
收集的各组小鼠的全血,放在室温下静置凝固1~2h后,于小型离心机上3500rpm离心10分钟,即可将全血分为上层淡黄色的血清和下层深红色的凝血块,吸取上清到新的EP管中,放于-80℃超低温冰箱保存,临用时取出血清化冻备用,同时将AST检测试剂盒和ALT检测试剂盒从4℃冰箱中取出放到室温环境以平衡温度到室温。取两块96孔酶标板,分别用于检测AST和ALT,向96孔板中对应加入AST基质液和ALT基质液,每孔20μL,共加54孔。每个样品的血清各取10μL加到新的EP管中,然后加入40μL生理盐水即得5倍稀释的血清。将稀释后的血清加到上述96孔板中。将两块96孔板放在微孔板振荡器上,350rpm,37℃振荡30min。振荡结束后取板,各反应孔加入20μL苯肼溶液,350rpm,37℃振荡20min。另外此时同步进行AST和ALT标准曲线的测试,所需试剂的加液方法按表1进行。振荡结束后取板,各反应孔加入20μL 0.4MNaOH溶液(试剂盒提供4M NaOH溶液,临用时按照1:10体积比用ddH2O进行稀释),水平轻微手动摇板2min后静置15分钟。用酶标仪读取510nm的吸光度值;用Excel绘制AST和ALT标准曲线并得到标曲方程,从而换算各反应孔的AST和ALT酶活(U/L)。
表1AST和ALT标准曲线制备
2.4小鼠肝脏NASH相关基因mRNA相对表达量检测
将保存于-80℃的肝脏取30mg左右的小块放到匀浆管中备用,切割和称取肝脏的操作全程使肝脏在冰上。然后进行如下RT-Real time PCR的操作:
2.4.1Total RNA提取
匀浆管中加入2~3粒匀浆珠,以及1mL Trizol(Takata),用冷冻研磨机按照运行时间30秒,中断时间10秒,60HZ研磨频率,共研磨5次,直至完全匀浆,没有颗粒;转移匀浆液到新的EP管,12000g 4℃离心5min,吸取上清转移到新的EP管中;向上述匀浆上清中加入200μL氯仿,剧烈振荡15秒,充分乳化无分层后静置5min;12000g 4℃离心15min,吸取200μL上清转移到新的离心管中。切勿吸到中间白色蛋白层以及底部红色Trizol层;向上述上清加入等体积预冷的异丙醇,上下轻微颠倒离心管充分混匀后,静置20min以沉淀RNA;12000g4℃离心10min,弃上清,缓慢沿着离心管壁加入1mL预冷的75%的DEPC乙醇,上下轻微颠倒洗涤离心管壁,12000g 4℃离心5min弃去乙醇,室温干燥沉淀,保证除尽乙醇,加入20μLDEPC H2O溶解RNA用nanodrop one超微量分光光度计进行RNA定量,仪器示数浓度单位为ng/μL;最终使用DEPC水将RNA浓度定为500ng/μL。
2.4.2逆转录
逆转录所用试剂盒为Vazyme产品HiScript III RT SuperMix for qPCR(+gDNAwiper),按照下表配比配制逆转录体系(单一反应所需体系量)
逆转录温度设置为:37℃,15min,85℃,5s,最终将逆转录好的cDNA储存于4℃。
2.4.3Real-time PCR反应
PCR所用试剂购自Vazyme的ChamQ SYBR qPCR Master Mix,具体体系配方为:
预混体系在Bio-Rad PCR板中预混完毕后,置于垂直PCR板离心机内将体系溶液全部离至孔板底部。PCR温控条件为:高温变性:95℃,30s;PCR反应:95℃,5s;退火温度(Tm)停留15s;72℃,30s。总计进行40个温控循环。溶解曲线:20min内,温度由95℃降至70℃,于95℃停留15s。
2.4.4Real time-qPCR数据处理
实验过程中,应同时设置内参GAPDH作为对照,所有组别扩增率应统一接近100%,5%偏差内。使用Livak法确定不同样本中目的同一基因表达的相对差异:对所有样品使用内参基因的CT值归一目标基因的CT值。
ΔCT(test)=ΔCT(target,test)-ΔCT(ref,test)
ΔCT(calibrator)=ΔCT(target,calibrator)–ΔCT(ref,calibrator)
再用校准样本的ΔCT归一化测试样本
ΔΔCT=ΔCT(test)-ΔCT(calibrator)
最终求对数值计算表达水平
2-ΔΔCT=相对表达量值。所用引物序列如下表2所示
表2RT-PCR引物
2.4.5甲钴胺联用水林佳的小鼠血清转氨酶与NASH相关基因mRNA相对表达量的协同指数计算
基于Chou-Talalay联合指数法以及CompuSyn软件分析药物组合的协同指数,化合物联用的平均协同效应指数(Combination Index,CI value)值区间及相互作用评价依据如下表3所示:
表3协同指数
2.5 MCDHFD-NASH小鼠肝脏病理切片镜检
2.5.1 H&E染色
肝脏组织用PBS清洗干净后,滤纸吸干表面水份,放入4%多聚甲醛中进行固定,包埋入石蜡切片中。将包埋好的石蜡组织切片处理,烤片(56℃过夜/85℃15min),常规复水(采用二甲苯20min、二甲苯20min、100%乙醇10min、100%乙醇10min、95%乙醇10min、80%乙醇10min、50%乙醇5min、30%乙醇5min、流水冲洗5min的流程操作)。通过苏木素5-10min、流水冲洗5min、盐酸分化液3s、流水冲洗5min、返蓝液10-30s、流水冲洗5min、伊红5min、流水冲洗5min进行染色处理。常规脱水封片操作后通过病理显微镜进行观测(50%乙醇10s、80%乙醇10s、90%乙醇10s、100%乙醇10s、100%乙醇10s、二甲苯10s、二甲苯10s,通风橱放置1min后中性树胶封片),切片置于奥林巴斯显微镜下进行观察拍照。
2.5.2Masson染色
肝脏组织用PBS清洗干净后,滤纸吸干表面水份,放入4%多聚甲醛中进行固定,包埋入石蜡切片中。将包埋好的石蜡组织切片处理,烤片(56℃过夜/85℃15min),常规复水(采用二甲苯20min、二甲苯20min、100%乙醇10min、100%乙醇10min、95%乙醇10min、80%乙醇10min、50%乙醇5min、30%乙醇5min、流水冲洗5min的流程操作)。通过苏木素5-10min、流水冲洗5min、盐酸分化液3s、流水冲洗5min、返蓝液10-30s、流水冲洗5min、丽春红酸性品红液染5-10min,蒸馏水快速漂洗。1%磷钼酸水溶液处理约3-5min。不用水洗,直接用苯胺蓝液复染5min。用1%冰CH3COOH处理1min。常规脱水封片操作后通过病理显微镜进行观测(50%乙醇10s、80%乙醇10s、90%乙醇10s、100%乙醇10s、100%乙醇10s、二甲苯10s、二甲苯10s,通风橱放置1min后中性树胶封片,切片置于奥林巴斯显微镜下进行观察拍照。
2.5.3Oil Red O染色
肝脏组织用PBS清洗干净后,滤纸吸干表面水份,制成冰冻切片,厚度为6~10μm,4%多聚甲醛固定后水洗。切片加入60%的异丙醇内侵洗2min,切片加入改良油红O染色液中,密闭染色10~15min,该过程注意避光。加入60%的异丙醇分色至背景无色,加入冰蒸馏水中稍微清洗一遍,Mayer苏木素染色液复染核5min。然后用冰蒸馏水清洗一遍,片子用滤纸吸干水分,用甘油明胶封片。切片置于奥林巴斯显微镜下进行观察拍照。
2.5.4NAS病理评分
肝脏细胞脂肪变性0-3分,气球样变0-2分,炎症0-3分,总分为8分。
(1)肝细胞脂肪变性:0分(<5%);1分(5%~33%);2分(34%~66%);3分(>66%)。
(2)小叶内炎症(20倍镜计数坏死灶):0分,无;1分(<2个);2分(2~4个);3分(>4个)。
(3)肝细胞气球样变:0分,无;1分,少见;2分,多见。
将上述肝细胞脂肪变、肝细胞气球样变和肝小叶内炎症这三项评分相加,即得出NAS评分。
实施例1
MCDHFD饮食构建NASH模型测定口服给予MeCbl/SC单药和组合药对小鼠血清转氨酶活性的抑制作用(图1)。
实验方案:NASH模型组小鼠自由饮食饲喂MCDHFD饮食6周,对照组小鼠饲喂正常维持饲料。小鼠造模时每天灌胃给予MeCbl(1/3/10mg/kg)或SC(50mg/kg)或MeCbl(1/3/10mg/kg)+SC(50mg/kg)。注意给药方式分别为SC与MeCbl混合后于上午9点灌胃给药或SC和MeCbl分别于上午9点和下午4点灌胃。造模6周后,处死小鼠并收集血清测定ALT和AST水平(具体过程采用上述实验2.3节)。
实验结果:从图1可知,低、中、高剂量(1/3/10mg/kg)MeCbl或50mg/kg SC单独口服给药相较于模型组能不同程度降低血清ALT和AST水平;低、中、高剂量MeCbl与SC混合后给药相较于单独给药不能协同降低小鼠血清ALT或AST水平;而分开灌胃联用后低、中、高剂量MeCbl联用SC相较于单独给药均能显著协同降低小鼠血清ALT水平,协同指数分别为0.107、0.575、0.219;但仅有低剂量MeCbl(1mg/kg)联用SC相较于单独给药能显著协同降低小鼠血清AST水平,协同指数为0.522,详细指标数值与协同指数见图5。
本实施例证明:SC与MeCbl混合后联用给药可能存在配伍禁忌,相较于单药无明显协同治疗效果。而分时间节点联用后在小鼠口服50mg/kg SC+1~10mg/kg MeCbl剂量范围内均可协同降低NASH模型小鼠血清ALT水平,在口服50mg/kg SC+1mg/kg MeCbl可协同降低NASH模型小鼠血清AST水平进而干预MCDHFD饮食所诱导的肝转氨酶上升,其中1mg/kgMeCbl联用50mg/kg SC的协同效果最强,并且显著强于单独使用MeCbl以及单独使用SC。
实施例2
NASH模型小鼠口服给予MeCbl/SC单药和组合药对小鼠肝脏脂质合成与转运、肝纤维化、炎症因子相关基因表达水平的影响(图2;图3;图4)。
实验方案:按实施例1方法处死小鼠并取全肝,取部分肝大叶用4%多聚甲醛固定,余下肝脏冷冻保存。将保存于-80℃的肝脏取30mg左右的小块置于匀浆管中备用,冰上操作。然后进行RT-qPCR操作流程(具体过程采用上述实验2.4节)检测肝脏中疾病相关基因的表达水平。
实验结果:从图2-4中可以看出,在MCDHFD chow组中,小鼠肝脏中脂质合成相关的Acca mRNA相对表达量升高,Scd mRNA相对表达量降低,L-fabp mRNA相对表达量升高。纤维化相关的Col1a1、Col1a2、Tgfb、Acta2 mRNA相对表达量相较于正常对照组均显著升高。炎症因子Tnfa、Il1b、Il6 mRNA相对表达量相较于正常对照组均显著升高。1~10mg/Kg MeCbl或50mg/Kg SC单独口服给药能够有限逆转上述NASH相关基因mRNA表达,而1~10mg/KgMeCbl联用50mg/Kg SC相较于MCDHFD chow组均能降低Acca mRNA相对表达量,升高ScdmRNA相对表达量,但仅有10mg/Kg MeCbl联用50mg/Kg SC相较于单独给药能强协同抑制Acca mRNA相对表达量(协同指数0.604);1或3mg/kg MeCbl联用50mg/Kg SC相较于单独给药能强协同升高Scd mRNA相对表达量(协同指数0.317、0.753);3或10mg/kg MeCbl联用50mg/Kg SC相较于单独给药能强协同抑制L-fabp mRNA相对表达量(协同指数0.478、0.640);1~10mg/Kg MeCbl联用50mg/Kg SC相较于单独给药均能强协同抑制小鼠肝脏中的Col1a1、Col1a2、Tgfb、Acta2、Tnfa和Il1b mRNA相对表达量,并具有极显著统计学差异,但并不能降低Il6 mRNA相对表达量,详细指标数值与协同指数见图5。
本实施例证明:小鼠在口服50mg/kg SC+1~10mg/kg MeCbl剂量范围内可在不同程度协同逆转NASH模型小鼠肝脏脂质合成与转运、肝纤维化、炎症因子相关基因表达变化进而干预MCDHFD诱导的NASH肝脏脂肪沉积、肝纤维化、肝损伤与炎症;而1~10mg/kg MeCbl或50mg/kg SC单独口服给药对上述肝脏中NASH相关基因的逆转作用有限。
实施例3
NASH模型小鼠口服给予MeCbl/SC单药和组合药对小鼠肝脏病理损伤的干预作用。
实验方案:按实施例1方法处死小鼠并取全肝,肝脏组织用PBS清洗干净后,滤纸吸干表面水份,利用4%多聚甲醛固定,分别进行H&E、Masson、Oil Red O染色与封片后(具体过程采用上述实验2.6节),切片置于奥林巴斯显微镜下进行观察拍照并根据NAS病理评分细则打分。
实验结果:从图6可以看出,相较于饮食对照组,MCDHFD Chow组肝损伤严重,组织间呈现出大量脂滴空泡和细胞空泡状变性,且出现大量中性粒细胞聚集;MCDHFD Chow组肝纤维化严重,组织间充斥大量胶原纤维,表明肝脏出现纤维化趋势,NASH向肝纤维化危重态演变;MCDHFD Chow组肝脏脂质沉积严重,组织内出现大量脂肪颗粒。MeCbl或SC单用虽然能一定程度减缓上述肝脏病变,但低、中、高剂量MeCbl联用SC组相较于单独给药组均能显著协同改善NASH模型小鼠肝脏脂肪沉积、肝纤维化、肝损伤与炎症病变,且具有浓度依赖性。对组织切片进行NAS病理评分,发现SC联用3mg/kg或10mg/kg MeCbl相比于模型组具有显著改善,口服50mg/kg SC+1~10mg/kg MeCbl剂量范围相较于单药NAS评分表明联用具有显著协同降低NAS分数的作用(图7)。
本实施例证明:小鼠在口服50mg/kg SC+1~10mg/kg MeCbl剂量范围内均可在不同程度协同抑制肝脏脂肪沉积、肝纤维化、肝损伤与炎症等病理变化且具有浓度依赖性,表现为NAS打分的显著降低。
综上,本发明基于MCDHFD诱导的NASH模型,通过SC与不同剂量的MeCbl组合给药,发现MeCbl作为经典的治疗周围神经病变的药物,单独口服给药能够一定程度降低NASH模型小鼠血清转氨酶活性、抑制脂质合成、炎症因子和肝纤维化相关基因表达。在此基础上,本发明通过将MeCbl与水林佳组合后口服给药发现SC与MeCbl组合药可在单药药效基础上显著协同增效干预小鼠NASH发展,组合药物产生协同治疗效果质量组成比范围为MeCbl:SC=(1~10):50,发挥强协同干预效果质量组成比范围为(1~3):50,尤其50mg/Kg SC和1mg/Kg MeCbl的组合药效最佳,可强协同降低AST、ALT酶活以及肝纤维化、部分肝脂质合成与炎症相关基因表达,有效减轻肝组织损伤、脂肪变性和纤维化病变程度,表明1:50作为最佳质量比可几乎协同逆转所有NASH指标,进而提出甲钴胺与低剂量水林佳联用在制备用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝炎及其演变疾病的药物中的应用。值得注意的是,本发明还发现SC与MeCbl不能直接组合,混合给药方案可能存在配伍禁忌无法产生协同治疗效果,需在一段时间范围内分次给药联用。
Claims (10)
1.甲钴胺或者甲钴胺与水林佳联用在制备用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝炎及其演变疾病的药物中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述甲钴胺或者甲钴胺与水林佳联用通过包括减轻肝损伤、炎症、肝纤维化与肝脏脂质沉积在制备用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝炎及其演变的疾病的药物中的应用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述演变疾病包括急性肝衰竭、慢加急肝衰竭、慢性肝衰竭以及感染合并肝衰竭。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述甲钴胺和水林佳的质量组成比范围为(1-10):50。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述甲钴胺和水林佳的质量组成比范围为(1-3):50。
6.一种用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝炎及其演变疾病的药物组合物,其特征在于,包括甲钴胺和水林佳作为活性成分,以及药学上可接受的载体。
7.根据权利要求6所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,包括质量比为(1-10):50的甲钴胺和水林佳。
8.根据权利要求6所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,包括质量比为(1-3):50的甲钴胺和水林佳。
9.根据权利要求6所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物包括各种以组合物制备而成的药物制剂,具体优选包括胶囊剂、散剂、片剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、注射剂、糖浆剂、口服液、吸入剂、软膏剂、栓剂或贴剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述剂型为速释缓释双层片,甲钴胺和水林佳药物组合物在该剂型中口服进入机体后,水林佳瞬时释放,甲钴胺延时6~8小时释放。
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