CN117821103A - 一种高空速常压不临氢条件下的btx生产方法 - Google Patents
一种高空速常压不临氢条件下的btx生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117821103A CN117821103A CN202211204439.7A CN202211204439A CN117821103A CN 117821103 A CN117821103 A CN 117821103A CN 202211204439 A CN202211204439 A CN 202211204439A CN 117821103 A CN117821103 A CN 117821103A
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- aromatic hydrocarbon
- active component
- roasting
- molecular sieve
- fluidized bed
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
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- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 6
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
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- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010555 transalkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G11/04—Oxides
- C10G11/05—Crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/041—Mesoporous materials having base exchange properties, e.g. Si/Al-MCM-41
- B01J29/045—Mesoporous materials having base exchange properties, e.g. Si/Al-MCM-41 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/16—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J29/166—Y-type faujasite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/18—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the mordenite type
- B01J29/26—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the mordenite type containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/48—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/78—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J29/7815—Zeolite Beta
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/78—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J29/7869—MTW-type, e.g. ZSM-12, NU-13, TPZ-12 or Theta-3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
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Abstract
本发明公开一种生产BTX的方法,含有Cn芳烃的重整芳烃,经气化后,与裂解流化床催化剂接触,发生催化反应,所述Cn中9≦n≤14;活性元素选自第IIA族、IIIB族、IVB族、VIB族、IVA族、VA族或VIII族中的至少一种元素;分子筛选自MCM‑22、SAPO‑11、β沸石、Y沸石、PSH‑3、SSZ‑25、ITQ‑2、MCM‑56、UZM‑8、UZM‑37、丝光沸石、ZSM‑5、ZSM‑11、ZSM‑12中的至少一种。本发明可在非临氢、常压、高空速条件下进行反应。反应运行过程中,以反应原料自身气化为推动介质,不需要氢气、氮气等载气气氛,可显著节约氢气资源。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种常压不临氢反应条件下,由碳九及其以上重整重芳烃裂解合成BTX的生产方法,属于轻质芳烃制备领域。
背景技术
随着炼油能力的增加,百万吨级的大型乙烯生产基地的建设和芳烃联合装置的大型化,重芳烃的产量将大幅度提高。重整重芳烃的组成非常复杂,其中,碳十及其以上芳烃中经济价值较大的组分仅为8%,目前的碳九及其以上芳烃主要用作低价燃料,少量用作生产溶剂油或汽油的调和组分,原料利用率低,既浪费资源,污染环境,也无法充分发挥重芳烃资源应有的经济效益。BTX是指苯、甲苯、二甲苯的混合物,其中,苯主要的用途是制取乙苯、苯乙烯和环己烷,分别是工业合成树脂、合成橡胶和尼龙的主要原料;甲苯常用作溶剂、燃料、炸药;二甲苯是合成纤维和塑料的重要原料。BTX作为化学工业的基础原料,在全球范围内,芳烃生产和消费总体上呈上涨趋势,受下游衍生物产能扩张的影响,我国BTX供需增速远高于世界平均水平。因此,开发碳九及其以上重芳烃轻质化技术,制取BTX的新工艺,可充分利用所有重芳烃资源,满足BTX扩能需要,充分发挥碳十及其以上芳烃资源的经济效益。
目前,由重整重芳烃制BTX的国内外主要生产工艺有热加氢脱烷基工艺、催化加氢脱烷基技术、重芳烃烷基转移技术。
美国HRI公司开发的HDA工艺,流程简单,采用活塞流式热反应器,反应温度700-800℃,高反应温度和压力,对设备材质要求较高,导致设备投资较高。UOP、Shell等公司开发的催化加氢脱烷基技术,采用复合氧化物催化剂,反应温度570-650℃,压力5.0-6.5MPa。反应温度和压力,较热加氢脱烷基工艺有所降低,但仍然相对较高,且同样存在氢耗高、副产物收率高等特点。中国专利97106717.1、1122571C、EP731071详细介绍了重芳烃烷基转移技术,采用改性丝光沸石、β沸石、ZSM-5等为催化剂,以甲苯、碳九和碳十芳烃为原料,可有效降低反应温度、压力和氢耗,已成为碳九及其以上重芳烃加工的最成熟技术,但该技术存在反应中需以甲苯为烷基转移受体,碳十及其以上重芳烃处理能力有限,反应空速低、原料不能实现全转化等问题。
综上所述可知,随着我国芳烃联合装置及大规模乙烯装置的兴建及扩能改造,将低附加值的碳九及其以上芳烃转化为BTX轻质芳烃,对企业挖潜增效具有重要意义。而目前常用的生产工艺,均为高温高压临氢条件,存在低碳烷烃收率高、氢耗高、原料不能实现全转化等问题,导致技术经济性不足。
发明内容
石油化工过程中的重芳烃,主要来源于石脑油催化重整、催化裂化、蒸汽裂解等反应过程,本发明的重芳烃主要以来源于石脑油催化重整,组分以碳九及其以上重芳烃为主,含单环及多环芳烃。本发明要解决的问题是,克服现有重整C9+重芳烃裂解制BTX工艺中,反应条件苛刻,高温高压高氢耗,原料不能实现全转换,需用甲苯作为烷基转移受体,处理量大等问题。本发明提供了一种芳烃联合装置中,以重整碳九及其以上重芳烃为原料,生产BTX的流化床工艺,该方法通过催化剂改性,优选以重整碳九或二甲苯塔釜料为原料,不需进行碳十一及其以上芳烃的切割,在非临氢、常压、高空速的条件下,碳九及其以上芳烃物料自身气化后与催化剂接触进行流化态反应,得到BTX选择性大于55wt%的混合烃类产物。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种高空速低压非临氢条件下生产BTX的方法。该方法包括:
步骤(1)含有Cn芳烃的重整芳烃,经气化后,与裂解流化床催化剂接触,发生催化反应(优选流化床),生成含有低碳烯烃、低碳烷烃和轻质芳烃的产物I,其中,9≦n≤14,优选为9≦n≤12,更优选为9≦n≤11;
步骤(2)所述产物I经气液分离,分别得到含轻质芳烃的液相、含低碳烯烃烷烃和低碳烷烃的气相;
步骤(3)所述含轻质芳烃的液相经分离,得到含有所述的BTX的产物II。
所述裂解流化床催化剂包括载体和活性组分;所述载体为分子筛,选自MCM-22、SAPO-11、β沸石、Y沸石、PSH-3、SSZ-25、ITQ-2、MCM-56、UZM-8、UZM-37、丝光沸石、ZSM-5、ZSM-11、ZSM-12中的至少一种;优选自MCM-22、β沸石、Y沸石、丝光沸石、ZSM-5、ZSM-11、ZSM-12中的至少一种,更优选为β沸石、Y沸石、丝光沸石、ZSM-5、ZSM-11中的至少一种;所述活性组分包括至少一种活性元素的氧化物;所述活性元素选自第IIA族、IIIB族、IVB族、VIB族、IVA族、VA族或VIII族中的至少一种元素。选自Mg、Ca、Ba、Zr、Ti、Co、Mo、Ni、Pt、Pd、La、Ce、Zn、Cu、Fe、Si、P、Sn和Pb元素中一种或多种。优选自Ca、Zr、Ti、Co、Zn、Mo、Ni、Pt、Pd、La、Ce、Cu、Si、P、Sn和Pb中的至少一种,更优选为Zr、Ti、Co、Mo、Ni、La、Ce、Cu、Si和P中的至少一种。
优选,所述活性组分元素选自Mg、Ca、Ba、Zr、Ti、Co、Mo、Ni、Pt、Pd、La、Ce、Zn、Cu、Fe、Si、P、Sn和Pb中至少三种。
优选,所述活性组分元素为Mo、La、Zr。
优选,所述活性组分元素为Mo、Ni、Cu。
优选,所述活性组分元素为Mo、Ti、Zr。
优选,所述活性组分元素为Mo、Ni、Zr。
优选,所述活性组分元素为Mo、Co、Ce、Zr。
可选地,所述裂解流化床催化剂中,载体的重量与活性组分的重量比例为(5~90):(5~50);优选为(10~60):(10~40);所述活性组分的重量以活性元素氧化物的重量计算。
可选地,所述分子筛中SiO2/Al2O3的摩尔比为2~150;优选为5~50。
可选地,所述裂解流化床催化剂中还含有粘结剂,活性组分的重量与粘结剂的重量比例为(5~50):(5~90);(5~50):(20~80);所述活性组分的重量以活性元素氧化物的重量计算。
所述粘结剂选自高岭土、硅藻土、粘土、陶瓷土、二氧化硅、硅溶胶、二氧化钛、氧化铝和铝溶胶中的至少一种。
可选地,所述低碳烯烃为C2-C4烯烃;优选为C2-C3烯烃;
可选地,所述低碳烷烃为C1-6烷烃优选为C1-C4烷烃;
可选地,所述轻质芳烃为C6-C8芳烃。
所述催化反应的条件包括:
可选地,所述气化的条件包括:温度260~750℃;优选420-600℃。
可选地,所述催化反应的条件包括:含有Cn的重整芳烃的重量空速为0.5~10hr-1;优选2~8hr-1,更优选范围为3~6hr-1,和/或,反应温度为300~750℃;优选350~600℃,更优选范围为400~550℃;和/或,反应压力0.01~2.0MPa;优选0.01~1.0Mpa,更优选范围为0.1~0.6Mpa。
可选地,含有Cn芳烃的重整芳烃的来源优选为重整C9芳烃及n≥10的Cn芳烃或二甲苯塔釜料。
含有Cn芳烃的重整芳烃中,C9芳烃与n≥10的Cn芳烃的重量比为100/0~0/100,优选范围为70/30~30/70。
可选地,所述步骤3产物II中BTX的选择性大于55wt%,优选为大于65wt%。
可选地,上述催化方法采用流化态催化剂,所述催化反应在单段流化床反应器或多段流化床反应器中进行,所述产物I经气液分离后,所得液相组分在分段精馏进行进一步分离,得到含有BTX的产物II。
上述裂解流化床催化剂的制备方法是将活性组合与载体,活性组分与载体、粘结剂的混合方式采用直接捏合、等体积浸渍、过量浸渍中的至少一种。优选地,催化剂中含有分子筛载体、粘结剂、活性组分,含有5~90重量份的分子筛和5~50重量份的活性组分;优选含有10~60重量份的载体和10~40重量份的活性组分;还含有5~90重量份的粘结剂,优选为20-80重量份。
所述催化剂制备方法包括,a分子筛先经焙烧I处理,再经离子交换,得到铵型分子筛;b所述铵型分子筛与活性元素前驱液混合后,经焙烧II,得到所述裂解流化床催化剂。
可选地,所述混合选自捏合、等体积浸渍、过量浸渍中的至少一种。
可选地,所述离子交换是将分子筛置于铵离子溶液中。
可选地,所述离子交换的时间是5h~15h。
可选地,所述铵离子溶液选自氯化铵、硝酸铵、硫酸铵、碳酸铵中的至少一种的水溶液,所述铵离子溶液的浓度5wt%-50wt%,优选10wt%-40wt%。
可选地,所述活性元素前驱液选自所述活性元素的硝酸盐溶液或钼酸盐溶液;
可选地,所述活性元素前驱液中,所述活性元素的浓度为0.1-50wt%,优选为2-20wt%。
所述焙烧I的条件包括:焙烧温度350~700℃,优选450~650℃,焙烧时间2-10小时;
所述焙烧II的条件包括:焙烧温度400~600℃,优选450~550℃,焙烧时间2-10小时;
优选地,所述铵型分子筛先与粘合剂混合,经焙烧III后,再与活性元素前驱液混合;
所述焙烧III的条件包括:400~600℃,优选450~550℃,2-6小时。
具体而言,本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)现有的轻质化技术中C1-C3烷烃和烯烃在气相产物中浓度多,为55-75%,不易分离。而本发明以重整碳九,或二甲苯塔釜料(二甲苯塔釜出料的C9+重芳烃)为原料,在流化床反应器中,发生裂解反应,生成高选择性BTX,同时生成气相产物中85-95%为C1-C3低碳烃类,低碳烃类在气相产物中浓度较高,低碳烃类分离难度降低,可作为副产分离。
(2)本发明可在非临氢、常压、高空速条件下进行反应。反应运行过程中,以反应原料自身气化为推动介质,不需要氢气、氮气等载气气氛,可显著节约氢气资源。
(3)现有技术如UOP、Shell等公司开发的催化加氢脱烷基技术的低碳烃类的收率往往在15-25%,与之相比,本发明具有较强的C10+处理能力,本发明的低碳烃类收率在5-15%,具有低碳烃类收率低,无耗氢等优点,同时,该工艺条件下,可根据市场需求,采用原料不切割全转化运行,也可采用原料少量切割,优化产物分布,从而更有利于企业挖潜增效,提高技术竞争力。
(4)本发明工艺成本较低,具有工艺简单有效、容易操作、能耗物耗低等优点,可用于BTX的工业化生产。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制备催化剂所用分子筛的XRD谱图;
图2是本发明反应工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例中:
本发明中,产物的分析方法是:原料芳烃和液体产物芳烃分析采用HP5890Ⅱ色谱仪,氢火焰离子检测器,毛细管色谱柱INNOWAX,色谱柱规格为30m×320um×20um的,氮气为载气,并用火焰离子检测器进行检测。另外,进样口和检测器温度分别是473K、523K,柱炉温度是313K维持2min后以10K/min升温速率升至473K维持10min后,降温。
实施例1制备催化剂(ZSM-11+活性组分)
用SiO2/Al2O3(摩尔)=50的ZSM-11分子筛200公斤,550℃焙烧脱除有机胺,用40%硝酸铵溶液,交换10小时,至铵型分子筛后,与高岭土、铝溶胶按照40%分子筛+40%高岭土+20%氧化铝的质量比混合,打浆胶磨喷雾后,按600℃焙烧5小时后,分别以钼酸铵溶液、硝酸镧溶液和硝酸锆溶液为活性组分溶液,依次浸渍、焙烧(550℃焙烧3小时),得到活性组分负载量分别为8wt%氧化钼,2wt%氧化镧,5wt%氧化锆;制成粒径分布30~120um、磨耗指数3.6%/4小时的流化床催化剂A1。
使用流化床反应器,装填40公斤流化床催化剂A1,常温下,将重整芳烃(其中,C9芳烃与n≥10的Cn芳烃重量比为75/25)经350℃气化、分散均匀后,进入反应器的催化剂流化区间,在反应温度550℃,压力0.05MPa、重量空速3.0h-1的条件下进行反应,反应后得到含有低碳烯烃、低碳烷烃和轻质芳烃的产物I进入气液分离器,冷却至30℃进行分离,液体产物(含轻质芳烃)取样分析,其技术指标列于表1,液体产物再经分离单元,分别得到BTX(苯、甲苯、二甲苯)和未反应的n≥9的Cn芳烃。BTX作为产品排出界外,回收未反应的n≥9的芳烃返回反应器入口。
图1为实施例1所用分子筛ZSM-11的XRD谱图,图1可见,该分子筛为100%ZSM-11纯相,无杂质,分子筛的物相分析测定在在Bruker D8型X射线衍射仪上完成,仪器操作条件:Cu靶,Kα辐射源,石墨单色器,管电压40kv,管电流40mA,扫描范围5°-50°,扫描速度为2°/min。
图2为本发明的工艺流程图,来自界外的重整n≥9的Cn芳烃,与反应循环料(流化床催化剂、未反应未反应的n≥9的Cn芳烃)混合后,经脱重塔去除重组分胶质外,经热交换器气化后,进入流化床反应器,反应,得含有低碳烯烃、低碳烷烃和轻质芳烃的产物I,产物经汽提塔气液分离后,得气相产物(低碳烯烃烷烃和低碳烷烃)和液相产物;气相产物排出界外;液相产物再依次通过苯塔、甲苯塔和二甲苯塔,分别将分离得到的苯、甲苯、二甲苯排出界外,二甲苯塔塔釜的未反应n≥9的Cn芳烃返回原料脱重塔。
实施例2制备催化剂(ZSM-5+活性组分)
用SiO2/Al2O3(摩尔)=50的ZSM-5分子筛200g,550℃焙烧脱除有机胺,用20%氯化铵溶液,交换15小时,交换至铵型分子筛后,与高岭土、硅溶胶、硝酸锆溶液按照40%分子筛+45%高岭土+10%氧化硅+5%Zr的质量比混合,打浆胶磨喷雾后,按600℃焙烧5小时后,分别以钼酸铵溶液、硝酸镍溶液和硝酸铜溶液为活性组分溶液,依次浸渍、焙烧(550℃焙烧3小时),得到活性组分负载量分别为10wt%氧化钼,5wt%氧化镍,2wt%氧化铜;制成粒径分布30~120um、磨耗指数3.0%/4小时的流化床催化剂A2。
使用流化床反应器,装填40g流化床催化剂A2,常温下,将重整芳烃(其中,C9芳烃与n≥10的Cn芳烃重量比为60/40)经气化、分散均匀后,进入反应器的催化剂流化区间,在反应温度600℃,压力0.5MPa、重量空速6.0h-1的条件下进行反应,反应后得到含有低碳烯烃、低碳烷烃和轻质芳烃的产物I,经过室温冷却通入气液分离器进行分离,反应10分钟后,液体产物取样分析,其技术指标列于表1。液体产物再经分离单元,分别得到BTX(苯、甲苯、二甲苯)和未反应的n≥9的Cn芳烃。BTX为产品排出界外,回收未反应的n≥9的芳烃返回反应器入口。。
实施例3制备催化剂(ZSM-12+活性组分)
用SiO2/Al2O3(摩尔)=40的ZSM-12分子筛200g,550℃焙烧脱除有机胺,用25%硫酸铵溶液,交换12小时,交换至铵型分子筛,再用硝酸铜溶液交换至分子筛上含0.5%Cu后,与硅藻土、氧化铝、硅溶胶按照40%分子筛+40%硅藻土+10%氧化铝+10%氧化硅的质量比混合,打浆胶磨喷雾后,按600℃焙烧5小时后,分别以钼酸铵溶液、硝酸钛溶液和硝酸锆溶液为活性组分溶液,浸渍、焙烧(550℃焙烧3小时),得到活性组分负载量分别为8wt%氧化钼,1wt%氧化钛,5wt%氧化锆;制成粒径分布30~120um、磨耗指数2.7%/4小时的流化床催化剂A3。
使用流化床反应器,装填40g流化床催化剂A3,常温下,将重整芳烃(其中,C9芳烃与n≥10的Cn芳烃重量比为75/25)、气化、分散均匀后,进入反应器的催化剂流化区间,在反应温度550℃,压力0.05MPa、重量空速3.0h-1的条件下进行反应,反应后得到气体产物物流,经过冷却通入气液分离器进行分离,反应10分钟后,液体产物取样分析,其技术指标列于表1。
实施例4制备催化剂(Y沸石+活性组分)
用SiO2/Al2O3(摩尔)=5的Y分子筛200g,550℃焙烧脱除有机胺,用20%氯化铵溶液,交换5小时,交换至铵型分子筛后,与高岭土、铝溶胶及磷酸铵水溶液,按照60%分子筛+20%高岭土+20%氧化铝+1%P的质量比混合,打浆胶磨喷雾后,按600℃焙烧5小时后,分别以钼酸铵溶液、乙酸镍溶液和硝酸锆溶液为活性组分溶液,浸渍、焙烧(550℃焙烧3小时),得到活性组分负载量分别为8wt%氧化钼,7wt%氧化镍,5wt%氧化锆;制成粒径分布30~120um、磨耗指数1.8%/4小时的流化床催化剂A4。
使用流化床反应器,装填40g流化床催化剂A4,常温下,将重整芳烃(其中,C9芳烃与n≥10的Cn芳烃重量比为50/50)、气化、分散均匀后,进入反应器的催化剂流化区间,在反应温度420℃,压力1.0MPa、重量空速5.0h-1的条件下进行反应,反应后得到气体产物物流,经过冷却通入气液分离器进行分离,反应10分钟后,液体产物取样分析,其技术指标列于表1。
实施例5制备催化剂(MCM-22+活性组分)
用SiO2/Al2O3(摩尔)=30的MCM-22分子筛200g,550℃焙烧脱除有机胺,用25%硫酸铵溶液,交换20小时,交换至铵型分子筛后,与高岭土、铝溶胶按照40%分子筛+40%高岭土+20%氧化铝的质量比混合,打浆胶磨喷雾后,按600℃焙烧5小时后,分别以钼酸铵溶液、硝酸钴溶液、硝酸铈溶液和硝酸锆溶液为活性组分溶液,浸渍、焙烧(550℃焙烧3小时),得到活性组分负载量分别为8wt%氧化钼,5wt%氧化钴,0.5wt%氧化铈,5wt%氧化锆;制成粒径分布30~120um、磨耗指数3.9%/4小时的流化床催化剂A5。
使用流化床反应器,装填40g流化床催化剂A5,常温下,将重整芳烃(其中,C9芳烃与n≥10的Cn芳烃重量比为75/25)、气化、分散均匀后,进入反应器的催化剂流化区间,在反应温度400℃,压力0.6MPa、重量空速3.0h-1的条件下进行反应,反应后得到气体产物物流,经过冷却通入气液分离器进行分离,反应10分钟后,液体产物取样分析,其技术指标列于表1。
实施例6制备催化剂(丝光沸石+活性组分)
用SiO2/Al2O3(摩尔)=25的丝光沸石分子筛200g,550℃焙烧脱除有机胺,用20%氯化铵溶液,交换20小时,交换至铵型分子筛后,与高岭土、铝溶胶按照40%分子筛+40%高岭土+20%氧化铝的质量比混合,打浆胶磨喷雾后,按600℃焙烧5小时后,分别以钼酸铵溶液、硝酸镧溶液和硝酸锆溶液为活性组分溶液,浸渍、焙烧(550℃焙烧3小时),得到活性组分负载量分别为8wt%氧化钼,2wt%氧化镧,5wt%氧化锆;制成粒径分布30~120um、磨耗指数3.2%/4小时的流化床催化剂A6。
使用流化床反应器,装填40g流化床催化剂A6,常温下,将重整芳烃(其中,C9芳烃与n≥10的Cn芳烃重量比为25/75)、气化、分散均匀后,进入反应器的催化剂流化区间,在反应温度600℃,压力0.05MPa、重量空速3.0h-1的条件下进行反应,反应后得到气体产物物流,经过冷却通入气液分离器进行分离,反应10分钟后,液体产物取样分析,其技术指标列于表1。
实施例7制备催化剂(β沸石+活性组分)
用SiO2/Al2O3(摩尔)=30的β沸石分子筛200g,550℃焙烧脱除有机胺,交换至铵型分子筛后,与高岭土、铝溶胶按照40%分子筛+40%高岭土+20%氧化铝的质量比混合,打浆胶磨喷雾后,按600℃焙烧5小时后,分别以钼酸铵溶液、硝酸镧溶液和硝酸锆溶液为活性组分溶液,浸渍、焙烧(550℃焙烧3小时),得到活性组分负载量分别为8wt%氧化钼,2wt%氧化镧,5wt%氧化锆;制成粒径分布30~120um、磨耗指数3.0%/4小时的流化床催化剂A7。
使用流化床反应器,装填40g流化床催化剂A7,常温下,将重整芳烃(其中,C9芳烃与n≥10的Cn芳烃重量比为75/25)、气化、分散均匀后,进入反应器的催化剂流化区间,在反应温度600℃,压力0.05MPa、重量空速3.0h-1的条件下进行反应,反应后得到气体产物物流,经过冷却通入气液分离器进行分离,反应10分钟后,液体产物取样分析,其技术指标列于表1。
表1
通过表1的结果可以看出,采用本发明的分子筛为催化主体的催化剂具有较高的重芳烃转化率、BTX选择性和液体收率。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,包括各个技术特征以任何其它的合适方式进行组合,这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容,均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种生产BTX的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
步骤(1)含有Cn芳烃的重整芳烃,经气化后,与裂解流化床催化剂接触,发生催化反应,生成含有低碳烯烃、低碳烷烃和轻质芳烃的产物I,所述Cn中9≦n≤14;
步骤(2)所述产物I经气液分离,分别得到含轻质芳烃的液相、含低碳烯烃烷烃和低碳烷烃的气相;
步骤(3)所述含轻质芳烃的液相经分离,得到含有所述的BTX的产物II;
所述裂解流化床催化剂包括载体和活性组分;
所述载体为分子筛;
所述活性组分包括至少一种活性元素的氧化物;所述活性元素选自第IIA族、IIIB族、IVB族、VIB族、IVA族、VA族或VIII族中的至少一种元素;
所述分子筛选自MCM-22、SAPO-11、β沸石、Y沸石、PSH-3、SSZ-25、ITQ-2、MCM-56、UZM-8、UZM-37、丝光沸石、ZSM-5、ZSM-11、ZSM-12中的至少一种;
所述活性组分元素选自Mg、Ca、Ba、Zr、Ti、Co、Mo、Ni、Pt、Pd、La、Ce、Zn、Cu、Fe、Si、P、Sn和Pb元素中一种或多种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生产BTX的方法,其特征在于,
所述裂解流化床催化剂中,载体的重量与活性组分的重量比例为(5~90):(5~50);优选为(10~60):(10~40);所述活性组分的重量以活性元素氧化物的重量计算;
和/或,所述分子筛中SiO2/Al2O3的摩尔比为2~150;优选为5~50;
优选,所述活性组分元素选自Mg、Ca、Ba、Zr、Ti、Co、Mo、Ni、Pt、Pd、La、Ce、Zn、Cu、Fe、Si、P、Sn和Pb中至少三种;
优选,所述活性组分元素为Mo、La、Zr;
优选,所述活性组分元素为Mo、Ni、Cu;
优选,所述活性组分元素为Mo、Ti、Zr;
优选,所述活性组分元素为Mo、Ni、Zr;
优选,所述活性组分元素为Mo、Co、Ce、Zr。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的生产BTX的方法,其特征在于,所述裂解流化床催化剂中还含有粘结剂,活性组分的重量与粘结剂的重量比例为(5~50):(5~90);(5~50):(20~80);所述活性组分的重量以活性元素氧化物的重量计算;
优选,所述粘结剂选自高岭土、硅藻土、粘土、陶瓷土、二氧化硅、硅溶胶、二氧化钛、氧化铝和铝溶胶中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1-3所述的生产BTX的方法,其特征在于,
所述Cn中9≦n≤12;更优选为9≦n≤11。
5.根据权利要求1-4所述的生产BTX的方法,其特征在于,
所述低碳烯烃为C2-C4烯烃;优选为C2-C3烯烃;
和/或,所述低碳烷烃为C1-6烷烃优选为C1-C4烷烃;
和/或,所述轻质芳烃为C6-C8芳烃。
6.根据权利要求1-5所述的生产BTX的方法,其特征在于,
所述气化的条件包括:温度260~750℃;优选420-600℃;
所述催化反应的条件包括:含有Cn的重整芳烃的重量空速为0.5~10hr-1;优选2~8hr-1,更优选范围为3~6hr-1;
和/或,反应温度为300~750℃;优选350~600℃,更优选范围为400~550℃,和/或
和/或,反应压力0.01~2.0MPa;优选0.01~1.0Mpa,更优选范围为0.1~0.6Mpa;
优选地,所述含有Cn芳烃的重整芳烃为n≥9的重整Cn芳烃或二甲苯塔釜料;
优选地,含有Cn芳烃的重整芳烃中,C9芳烃与n≥10的Cn芳烃的重量比为100/0~0/100,优选范围为70/30~30/70。
7.根据权利要求1-6所述的生产BTX的方法,其特征在于,
和/或,所述步骤3产物II中BTX的选择性大于55wt%,优选为大于65wt%。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的生产BTX的方法,其特征在于,所述催化反应采用流化态催化剂,催化反应在单段流化床反应器或多段流化床反应器中进行。
9.权利要求1-8任一项所述的生产BTX的方法,其特征在于,所述裂解流化床催化剂的制备方法包括:
a分子筛先经焙烧I处理,再经离子交换,得到铵型分子筛;
b所述铵型分子筛与活性元素前驱液混合后,经焙烧II,得到所述裂解流化床催化剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的生产BTX的方法,其特征在于,
所述混合选自捏合、等体积浸渍、过量浸渍中的至少一种;
和/或,所述离子交换是将分子筛置于铵离子溶液中;
优选地,所述离子交换的时间5h~15h;
优选地,所述铵离子溶液选自氯化铵、硝酸铵、硫酸铵、碳酸铵中的至少一种的水溶液,所述铵离子溶液的浓度5wt%-50wt%,优选10wt%-40wt%;
所述活性元素前驱液选自所述活性元素的硝酸盐溶液或钼酸盐溶液;
所述活性元素前驱液中,所述活性元素的浓度为0.1-50wt%,优选为2-20wt%;
所述焙烧I的条件包括:焙烧温度350~700℃,优选450~650℃,焙烧时间2-10小时;
所述焙烧II的条件包括:焙烧温度400~600℃,优选450~550℃,焙烧时间2-10小时;
优选地,所述铵型分子筛先与粘合剂混合,经焙烧III后,再与活性元素前驱液混合;
所述焙烧III的条件包括:焙烧温度400~600℃,优选450~550℃,焙烧时间2-6小时。
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