CN117813410A - Aluminum alloy sheet for molding and method for producing same - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy sheet for molding and method for producing same Download PDFInfo
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- CN117813410A CN117813410A CN202280053898.1A CN202280053898A CN117813410A CN 117813410 A CN117813410 A CN 117813410A CN 202280053898 A CN202280053898 A CN 202280053898A CN 117813410 A CN117813410 A CN 117813410A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims description 78
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012887 quadratic function Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010421 standard material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007545 Vickers hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
Abstract
An aluminum alloy sheet for forming is characterized in that the hardness (Hv) is measured at 1/16 of the plate thickness interval in the plate thickness direction from the 1/2 depth position to the plate surface, the hardness (Hv) is plotted on the vertical axis, the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness is plotted on the horizontal axis, the hardness distribution is plotted on the basis of the hardness distribution, the relationship between the hardness (Hv) and the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness is fitted by a linear function, and when the slope A of the linear function is obtained by a least square method, the value obtained by multiplying the slope A by the plate thickness (mm) is 10 to 28. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an aluminum alloy sheet capable of improving the effect of reducing the spring-back amount caused by the fixed press.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy sheet for forming which reduces the amount of spring back after press forming of a sheet material and a method for manufacturing the same.
Background
In the press forming of a plate material, when bending a material, if a tool is removed, a portion that is elastically deformed is recovered and the dimensional shape is poor due to rebound. For rebound, generally the harder the material will be, the greater will be its amount. Therefore, in order to suppress the dimensional shape failure, it is necessary to reduce the material strength and the elastic deformation region of the stress-strain curve.
Therefore, conventionally, in order to reduce the spring back amount, a fixed pressing (pressing) operation has been performed in which a pressing force is applied to a plate material in the plate thickness direction. By this method, the in-plane stress of the plate material can be changed in such a manner that the rebound is suppressed by changing the stress in the plate thickness direction. However, in this method, depending on the material, there is a case where the reduction in the rebound amount is small, and further measures are required.
Based on this, for example, patent document 1 discloses the following method as a method of reducing the rebound amount: by introducing flattening after the solution treatment, a layer harder than the average hardness is provided at a distance of 1/4 of the plate thickness from the plate surface layer, thereby improving the shape freezing property.
Prior art literature
Non-patent literature
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open No. 2006-283138
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
However, patent document 1 has a problem that the region harder than the average hardness becomes large. As described above, since rebound is plastic deformation associated with an elastically deformed region, a region harder than the average hardness is preferably at the lowest limit.
In this way, in order to reduce the amount of spring back in the press forming process, the strength has to be reduced. Therefore, it is not easy to manufacture aluminum alloy sheet having both high strength and low spring-back.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum alloy sheet capable of improving the effect of reducing the spring-back amount caused by the fixed press.
Solution for solving the problem
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, found that: the present invention has been completed by the completion of the present invention, since the aluminum alloy sheet has a specific tendency of hardness distribution in the thickness direction and sheet thickness, the spring-back amount can be reduced while the strength is high, and an aluminum alloy sheet having excellent shape freezing property can be obtained.
Specifically, the present invention (1) provides an aluminum alloy sheet for forming, characterized in that the hardness (Hv) is measured at 1/16 of the plate thickness interval in the plate thickness direction from the 1/2 depth position to the plate surface, the hardness (Hv) is plotted with the vertical axis being the hardness (Hv) and the horizontal axis being the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness, the hardness distribution is plotted, the relation between the hardness (Hv) and the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness is fitted by a first order function, and when the slope A of the first order function is obtained by the least square method, the slope A is multiplied by the plate thickness (mm) to obtain a value of 10 to 28.
Further, the present invention (2) provides the aluminum alloy sheet for forming (1), wherein the slope B1 of the primary function is obtained by fitting a relationship between the hardness (Hv) and the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the sheet thickness by a primary function from the plot of the distribution of the hardness from the 1/4 depth position of the sheet thickness to the sheet surface, and the absolute value of the difference (B1-B2) between the slope B1 and the slope B2 is 10 or less when the slope B2 of the primary function is obtained by a least square method from the plot of the distribution of the hardness, fitting a relationship between the hardness (Hv) and the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the sheet thickness by a primary function from the plot of the distribution of the hardness from the 1/2 depth position of the sheet thickness to the 1/4 depth position of the sheet thickness.
Further, the present invention (3) provides the aluminum alloy sheet for forming of (1) or (2), wherein the tensile strength is 140.0MPa or more.
The present invention also provides (4) an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to any one of (1) to (3), which is made of JIS5000 series aluminum alloy.
The present invention also provides (5) an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to any one of (1) to (3), which is made of JIS6000 series aluminum alloy.
Further, the present invention (6) provides a method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming, which is a method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming made of JIS5000 series aluminum alloy, wherein the method comprises at least 1 of the following steps: (1 a) setting the cold working rate to be more than 70.0%; (2a) Flattening the steel plate after stabilizing treatment, wherein the rolling reduction is 1.0-10.0%; (3a) 3 times or more of cold working passes with a reduction rate of 25.0% or less per 1 pass are performed; and (4 a) performing a treatment with a leveler after the stabilization treatment.
The present invention also provides (7) a method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming, which is characterized by comprising a JIS6000 series aluminum alloy, wherein at least 1 of the following steps is carried out: (1 b) setting the cold working rate to be 70.0% or more; (2b) Flattening with a rolling reduction of 1.0-10.0% after artificial aging treatment; (3b) 3 times or more of cold working passes with a reduction rate of 25.0% or less per 1 pass are performed; and (4 b) treating with a leveler after the solution treatment or after the artificial aging treatment.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an aluminum alloy sheet that is improved in the effect of reducing the amount of spring back caused by stationary extrusion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plot of hardness for example A.
FIG. 3 is a plot of hardness for example B.
FIG. 4 is a plot of the hardness of example C.
FIG. 5 is a plot of hardness for example D.
FIG. 6 is a plot of hardness for example E.
FIG. 7 is a plot of hardness for example F.
FIG. 8 is a plot of the hardness of example G.
FIG. 9 is a plot of hardness for comparative example H.
FIG. 10 is a plot of hardness for comparative example I.
FIG. 11 is a plot of hardness of 6000 series standard materials.
FIG. 12 is a plot of the hardness of example J.
FIG. 13 is a plot of the hardness of example K.
FIG. 14 is a plot of the hardness of example L.
FIG. 15 is a plot of hardness of 5000 series standard materials.
Detailed Description
The aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention is characterized in that the hardness (Hv) is measured at 1/16 of the plate thickness interval in the plate thickness direction from the 1/2 depth position to the plate surface, the hardness (Hv) is plotted on the vertical axis, the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position is plotted on the horizontal axis, the hardness distribution is plotted on the basis of the plot of the hardness distribution, the relation between the hardness (Hv) and the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position is fitted by a first order function, and when the slope A of the first order function is obtained by the least square method, the value obtained by multiplying the slope A by the plate thickness (mm) is 10 to 28.
The aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 1, 3 and 9. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a graph in which the hardness distribution is plotted for example B, with the vertical axis being the hardness (Hv) and the horizontal axis being the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness. Fig. 9 is a graph in which the hardness distribution is plotted for comparative example H, with the vertical axis being the hardness (Hv) and the horizontal axis being the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness.
The measurement position of hardness (Hv) will be described with reference to fig. 1. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an aluminum alloy sheet 1 for forming cut along a plane perpendicular to a sheet surface. In FIG. 1, the position indicated by reference numeral 3 is a 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness. That is, 1/2 depth position 3 of the plate thickness means: a position in the plate thickness direction 6 which is offset from the plate surface 7 by a length q of only 1/2 of the plate thickness p. The position indicated by reference numeral 5 is a 1/4 depth position of the plate thickness. That is, the 1/4 depth position 5 of the plate thickness means: a position in the plate thickness direction 6 which is offset from the plate surface 7 by a length r of only 1/4 of the plate thickness p.
The method for solving the slope a will be described. Slope a is the slope: when the hardness (Hv) is measured at 1/16 of the plate thickness from the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness to the plate surface in the plate thickness direction, and the hardness distribution is plotted with the vertical axis set as the hardness (Hv) and the horizontal axis set as the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness, the slope of the linear function obtained by fitting the relationship between the hardness (Hv) obtained by the least square method and the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness is fitted by the linear function based on the plot of the hardness distribution. First, in the cross section of the aluminum alloy sheet for forming, the hardness (Hv) is measured at intervals of 1/16 of the sheet thickness p in the sheet thickness direction 6 from the 1/2 depth position 3 to the sheet surface position 4. Next, as shown in fig. 3, the hardness (Hv) at each measurement position was plotted with the vertical axis set to hardness (Hv) and the horizontal axis set to distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness. Next, from a plot of the obtained hardness distribution, the relationship between the hardness (Hv) and the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness was fitted by a linear function, and the slope a of the linear function was obtained by a least square method. In embodiment B shown in fig. 3, the slope a is found to be 16 according to the least square method. In comparative example H, the slope a was found to be 4.9 by the least square method as shown in fig. 9, in the same manner.
In the present invention, the hardness (Hv) is measured by a method according to JIS Z2244, and is, for example, a value obtained as follows: the aluminum alloy sheet was resin-embedded, mirror-polished, and then measured under a test load of 10gf (0.098N) and a holding time of 10 seconds by a micro Vickers hardness tester (FM-110, manufactured by FUTURE-TECH CORP.) for a rolled rectangular cross section (surface perpendicular to the plate surface).
In order to measure the accurate hardness of the portion near the plate surface at a position 1/16 of the plate surface, in the present invention, when the plate thickness is small, the hardness (Hv) may be measured at a position apart from the surface by 1/16 or more of the approximate thickness.
The method for solving the slopes B1 and B2 will be described. From the plot of the distribution of hardness from the 1/4 depth position 5 to the plate surface position 4 of the plate thickness among plots of the distribution of hardness obtained when the slope a is obtained, the relationship between the hardness (Hv) from the 1/4 depth position 5 to the plate surface position 4 of the plate thickness and the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness is fitted by a linear function, and the slope B1 of the linear function is obtained by a least square method. Further, from a plot of the distribution of hardness from 1/2 depth position 3 to 1/4 depth position 5 of the plate thickness among plots of the distribution of hardness obtained when the slope a is obtained, a relation between hardness (Hv) from 1/2 depth position 3 to 1/4 depth position 5 of the plate thickness and a distance (mm) from 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness is fitted by a linear function, and the slope B2 of the linear function is obtained by a least square method.
In the aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention, based on the plot of the distribution of hardness from the 1/2 depth position to the sheet surface position of the sheet thickness obtained as described above, "the value obtained by multiplying the value of the slope A of the primary function (slope A. Times. Sheet thickness (mm)) obtained by fitting the relation between the hardness (Hv) obtained by the least square method and the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the sheet thickness" from the 1/2 depth position to the sheet surface position of the sheet thickness is 10 to 28, preferably 10 to 20, particularly preferably 12 to 17. When the value of the slope a×sheet thickness (mm) is in the above range, the amount of reduction in the spring-back amount due to the fixed extrusion increases, and the shape freezing property is excellent. On the other hand, if the value of slope a×sheet thickness (mm) is lower than the above range, the amount of reduction in spring back due to fixed compression becomes small, and shape freezing property is poor. In addition, a large amount of work hardening is required to increase the slope a, and in order to set the value of slope a×plate thickness (mm) to a value exceeding the above range, an excessively large work hardening is required to increase the slope a, or an excessively large plate thickness is required. If the plate thickness is too large, it becomes difficult to form the distribution of hardness of the aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention in the plate thickness direction.
In the present invention, based on a plot of the distribution of hardness from the 1/2 depth position to the plate surface position of the plate thickness, "a linear function having a slope A of a linear function obtained by fitting a relationship between hardness (Hv) obtained by a least square method and distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness" and a plot of the distribution of hardness from the 1/2 depth position to the plate surface position of the plate thickness by a linear function "(R 2 ) It is 0.50 or more, preferably 0.70 or more, particularly preferably 0.80 or more.
In the aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention, from the plot of the distribution of hardness from the 1/2 depth position of the sheet thickness to the sheet surface position obtained as described above, the absolute value of the difference (B1-B2) between the "obtained by fitting the relationship between the hardness (Hv) obtained by the least square method and the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness by the linear function" between the 1/4 depth position of the plate thickness and the plate surface obtained based on the plot of the distribution of the hardness from the 1/4 depth position of the plate thickness and the plate surface "between the slope B1 of the linear function and the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness and the 1/4 depth position of the plate thickness obtained based on the plot of the distribution of the hardness from the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness and the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness by the linear function" obtained by fitting the relationship between the hardness (Hv) obtained by the least square method and the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness by the linear function "is preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 8 or less. By plotting the distribution of the hardness from the 1/2 depth position to the plate surface position of the aluminum alloy plate for forming, the effect of reducing the spring-back amount due to the fixed press can be improved by making the value of the difference between the slope B1 and the slope B2 in the above-described range.
In the present invention, the reason why the hardness is measured at 1/16 of the plate thickness in the plate thickness direction is that, when the hardness is measured at 1/16 of the plate thickness in the plate thickness direction by dividing the region from the 1/4 depth position to the plate surface position and the region from the 1/2 depth position to the 1/4 depth position, the fitting linear function can be plotted at the measurement position of 4 points in each region, and the reliability of the slope value of the linear function is improved. On the other hand, for example, when the hardness is measured at 1/10 of the plate thickness in the plate thickness direction, if the case where it is difficult to measure the hardness in the vicinity of the outermost surface is considered, the fitting linear function is plotted by the measurement positions of 2 points, and the reliability of the slope value of the linear function is lowered.
The aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention has a sheet thickness of 0.4 to 5.0mm, preferably 0.8 to 2.7mm. In the aluminum alloy sheet having a sheet thickness lower than or exceeding the above range, it is difficult to form a distribution of hardness having a value of "slope A. Times. Sheet thickness (mm)" of 10 to 28, preferably 10 to 20, particularly preferably 12 to 17.
The basic components of the aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention are not particularly limited, and the aluminum alloy of the aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention may be various aluminum alloys such as 1000 series, 2000 series, 3000 series, 4000 series, 5000 series, 6000 series, 7000 series, and the like.
The aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention is preferably made of JIS5000 series aluminum alloy or JIS6000 series aluminum alloy.
More preferably, the composition of the JIS5000 series aluminum alloy is Si:0.25 mass% or less, fe:0.40 mass% or less, cu:0.10 mass% or less, mn:0.10 mass% or less, mg:2.20 to 2.80 mass percent of Cr:0.15 to 0.35 mass% of Zn:0.10 mass% or less, the balance being aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
More preferably, the composition of the JIS6000 series aluminum alloy is Si:0.20 to 0.60 mass percent of Fe:0.35 mass% or less, cu:0.10 mass% or less, mn:0.10 mass% or less, mg:0.45 to 0.90 mass%, cr:0.10 mass% or less, zn:0.10 mass% or less of Ti:0.10 mass% or less, the balance being aluminum and unavoidable impurities.
The aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention has a tensile strength of preferably 140.0MPa or more, more preferably 150.0 to 300.0MPa, particularly preferably 160.0 to 290.0MPa. The aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention has a value of "slope A×sheet thickness (mm)" of 10 to 28, preferably 10 to 20, particularly preferably 12 to 17, and further preferably has an absolute value of "slope B1-slope B2" of preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 8 or less, whereby the aluminum alloy sheet has a high tensile strength of preferably 140.0MPa or more, more preferably 150.0 to 300.0MPa, particularly preferably 160.0 to 290.0MPa, and the reduction in spring-back amount due to stationary extrusion is increased, resulting in excellent shape freezing property.
The plate thickness of example B plotted for the distribution of hardness shown in fig. 3 is 0.81mm, which is an aluminum alloy plate as follows: the JIS A6063 aluminum alloy was cast according to a conventional method, hot rolled and cold rolled according to a conventional method to a plate thickness of 0.81mm, then solution treated and artificially aged, and then flattened by 3.0% after artificially aged. As shown in fig. 3, in the plot of the distribution of hardness in example B, the hardness of the center portion of the plate thickness (1/2 depth position of the plate thickness) was the lowest, and the hardness varied linearly up to the plate surface. The slope a obtained by the least square method based on the plot of the distribution of hardness in fig. 3 is 16. Therefore, the value of "slope A. Times. Plate thickness (mm)" is 13 (16. Times. 0.81). Next, with respect to the aluminum alloy sheet of example B, 90 degree bending test was conducted at 20kgf (196) N, 100kgf (980) N, 200kgf (1961N), and as a result, the spring back amounts were 5.7 °, 3.7 °, respectively. In the aluminum alloy sheet of example B, the phenomenon of the reduction in the spring-back amount was confirmed under the condition that the load of the 90 ° bending test was large, that is, under the condition of so-called fixed press.
The plate thickness of comparative example H plotted for the distribution of hardness shown in FIG. 9 was 0.82mm, which is an aluminum alloy plate as follows: the JIS A6063 aluminum alloy was cast according to a conventional method, hot rolled and cold rolled according to a conventional method to a plate thickness of 0.82mm, then flattened by 3.0%, then solution treated, and then artificially aged. As shown in fig. 9, in the plot of the distribution of hardness of comparative example H, the slope a obtained by the least square method was 4.9. Therefore, the value of "slope A. Times. Plate thickness (mm)" is 4.0 (4.9X0.82). Next, 90 degree bending tests were conducted on the aluminum alloy sheet of comparative example H at 20kgf, 100kgf, 200kgf, and as a result, the spring back amounts were 8.7 °, 10.3 °, 8.0 °, respectively. In the aluminum alloy sheet of comparative example H, the spring-back amount was unchanged even under the condition of a large load in the 90 DEG bending test, that is, under the condition of so-called fixed press.
The aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention has excellent formability in a 90 ° bending test corresponding to a high load under a fixed press condition by setting the value of "slope a×sheet thickness (mm)" to 10 to 28, preferably 10 to 20, particularly preferably 12 to 17. In general, a hard material strongly exerts an influence of springback, and therefore, it is difficult to realize a material having high strength and excellent moldability. In such a technical background, in the aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention, a region having low hardness is formed in the sheet thickness direction, and the change in hardness in the sheet thickness direction is controlled so that the value of "slope a×sheet thickness (mm)" satisfies 10 to 28, preferably 10 to 20, particularly preferably 12 to 17, whereby the in-plane stress of the sheet material can be changed by fixed press to reduce the spring back amount, and therefore, high strength and excellent shape freezing property are obtained.
The aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention is suitably produced by the method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the first aspect of the present invention or the method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the second aspect of the present invention described below.
The method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the first aspect of the present invention is a method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming made of JIS5000 series aluminum alloy, wherein at least 1 of the following processes is performed: (1 a) setting the cold working rate to be more than 70.0%; (2a) Flattening the steel plate after stabilizing treatment, wherein the rolling reduction is 1.0-10.0%; (3a) 3 times or more of cold working passes with a reduction rate of 20.0% or less per 1 pass are performed; and (4 a) performing a treatment with a leveler after the stabilization treatment.
In the method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the first aspect of the present invention, the steps of: an aluminum alloy ingot having a composition of JIS5000 series aluminum alloy is subjected to a casting step of casting an ingot, a homogenization treatment, a hot rolling, a cold rolling, and a stabilization treatment. In the method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the first aspect of the present invention, the casting method, the homogenizing treatment method, and the stabilizing treatment method are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected.
In the method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the first aspect of the present invention, the hardness distribution in the aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the present invention described above can be exhibited by performing at least 1 of the following treatments to increase the working and to cause the work hardening to proceed in the sheet thickness direction: (1 a) setting the cold working rate to be more than 70.0%; (2a) Flattening the steel plate after stabilizing treatment, wherein the rolling reduction is 1.0-10.0%; (3a) 3 times or more of cold working passes with the rolling reduction rate of 20.0% or less per 1 time pass; and (4 a) performing a treatment with a leveler after the stabilization treatment. Any one of (1 a) to (4 a) may be implemented, or 2 or more of (1 a) to (4 a) may be implemented in combination. In the method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the first aspect of the present invention, by combining 2 or more of the above (1 a) to (4 a), it becomes easy to increase the value of the slope a.
(1a) The cold working is performed at a cold working rate of 70.0% or more, preferably 70.0 to 80.0%. The cold working ratio is the total working ratio in cold working, and is a value calculated from "cold working ratio (%) = ((plate thickness before the first pass of cold working-plate thickness after the last pass of cold working)/plate thickness before the first pass of cold working) ×100".
(2a) The stabilization treatment is followed by a leveling step in which the rolling reduction is 1.0 to 10.0%, preferably 3.0 to 10.0%. Leveling means: the reduction ratio calculated from "reduction ratio (%) = ((plate thickness before leveling-plate thickness after leveling)/plate thickness before leveling) ×100" is in the range of 1.0 to 10.0%, preferably 3.0 to 10.0%, and the plate thickness is reduced by cold working. In the method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the first aspect of the present invention, the flattening defined in (2 a) is preferably performed when the cold working ratio (total working ratio in cold working) in cold working is 30.0 or more and less than 70.0%, particularly 30.0 to 60.0%.
(3a) The cold working is performed 3 times or more for each pass with a reduction rate of 25.0% or less for 1 pass. The reduction ratio of cold working per 1 pass is a reduction ratio calculated from "reduction ratio (%) = ((plate thickness before pass-plate thickness after pass)/plate thickness before pass) ×100". In the method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the first aspect of the present invention, it is preferable to perform cold working with a reduction of 10.0 to 25.0% 3 times or more per 1 cold working pass, more preferably with a reduction of 10.0 to 20.0% per 1 cold working pass, and still more preferably with a reduction of 10.0 to 15.0% per 1 cold working pass, and still more preferably with a reduction of 6 times or more. In the method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the first aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the cold working pass defined in (3 a) is performed when the cold working rate (total working rate in cold working) is 30.0 or more and less than 70.0%, particularly 30.0 to 60.0%.
(4a) Is a step of performing a treatment with a leveler after the stabilization treatment. The leveler is a device commonly used for the purpose of correcting warpage of a thin plate, and the leveler-based process is a process of: the sheet is passed between rollers of at least 2 stages arranged in such a way that the points of action of the rollers are slightly offset with respect to the direction of travel of the sheet, and bending is applied at least 2 times in opposite directions. In the method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the first aspect of the present invention, the leveler-based treatment defined in (4 a) is preferably performed when the cold working rate (total working rate in cold working) in cold working is 30.0 or more and less than 70.0%, particularly 30.0 to 60.0%.
The method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the second aspect of the present invention is a method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming made of JIS6000 series aluminum alloy, wherein at least 1 of the following processes is performed: (1 b) setting the cold working rate to be 70.0% or more; (2b) Flattening with a rolling reduction of 1.0-10.0% after artificial aging treatment; (3b) 3 times or more of cold working passes with a reduction rate of 20.0% or less per 1 pass are performed; and (4 b) treating with a leveler after the solution treatment or after the artificial aging treatment.
In the method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the second aspect of the present invention, the steps of: an aluminum alloy ingot having a composition of JIS6000 series aluminum alloy is subjected to a casting step of casting an ingot, a homogenization treatment, hot rolling, cold rolling, a solution treatment, and an artificial aging treatment. In the method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the second aspect of the present invention, the casting method, the homogenizing treatment method, the solution treatment method, and the artificial aging treatment method are not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected.
In the method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the second aspect of the present invention, the hardness distribution in the aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the present invention described above can be exhibited by performing at least 1 of the following processes to increase the working and to cause the work hardening to proceed in the sheet thickness direction: (1 b) setting the cold working rate to be 70.0% or more; (2b) Flattening with a rolling reduction of 1.0-10.0% after artificial aging treatment; (3b) The reduction rate of each 1 pass of cold working is more than 3 passes of less than 20.0%; and, (4 b) treating with a leveler after the artificial aging treatment. Any one of (1 b) to (4 b) may be implemented, or 2 or more of (1 b) to (4 b) may be implemented in combination. In the method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the second aspect of the present invention, by combining 2 or more of the above (1 b) to (4 b), it becomes easy to increase the value of the slope A.
(1b) The cold working is performed at a cold working rate of 70.0% or more, preferably 70.0 to 80.0%. The cold working ratio is the total working ratio in cold working, and is a value calculated from "cold working ratio (%) = ((plate thickness before the first pass of cold working-plate thickness after the last pass of cold working)/plate thickness before the first pass of cold working) ×100".
(2b) Is a step of leveling the artificial aging treatment with a rolling reduction of 1.0 to 10.0%, preferably 3.0 to 10.0%. Leveling means: the reduction ratio calculated from "reduction ratio (%) = ((plate thickness before leveling-plate thickness after leveling)/plate thickness before leveling) ×100" is in the range of 1.0 to 10.0%, preferably 3.0 to 10.0%, and the plate thickness is reduced by cold working. In the method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the second aspect of the present invention, the flattening defined in (2 b) is preferably performed when the cold working rate (total working rate in cold working) in cold working is 30.0 or more and less than 70.0%, particularly 30.0 to 60.0%.
(3b) The cold working is performed 3 times or more for each pass with a reduction rate of 25.0% or less for 1 pass. The reduction ratio of cold working per 1 pass is a reduction ratio calculated from "reduction ratio (%) = ((plate thickness before pass-plate thickness after pass)/plate thickness before pass) ×100". In the method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the second aspect of the present invention, it is preferable to perform cold working with a reduction of 10.0 to 25.0% 3 times or more per 1 cold working pass, more preferably with a reduction of 10.0 to 20.0% per 1 cold working pass, still more preferably with a reduction of 10.0 to 15.0% per 1 cold working pass, and still more preferably with a reduction of 5 times or more per 1 cold working pass. In the method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the second aspect of the present invention, it is preferable to perform the cold working pass specified in (3 b) when the cold working rate (total working rate in cold working) is 30.0 or more and less than 70.0%, particularly 30.0 to 60.0%.
(4a) Is a step of treating with a leveler after solution treatment or artificial aging treatment. The leveler is a device commonly used for the purpose of correcting warpage of a thin plate, and the leveler-based process is a process of: the sheet is passed between rollers of at least 2 stages arranged in such a way that the points of action of the rollers are slightly offset with respect to the direction of travel of the sheet, and bending is applied at least 2 times in opposite directions. In the method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to the second aspect of the present invention, the leveler-based treatment defined in (4 b) is preferably performed when the cold working rate during cold working (total working rate during cold working) is 30.0 or more and less than 70.0%, particularly 30.0 to 60.0%.
The reason why the above-described hardness distribution in the aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention is exhibited in the method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the first aspect of the present invention or the method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the second aspect of the present invention is as follows.
The hardness distribution in the aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention is considered to originate from work hardening. The dislocation of the metal increases due to the processing stress, and the internal stress is accumulated. In work hardening, if the dislocations excessively increase, the dislocations may intertwine or break with each other to cause hardening of the material itself. In large-scale deformation such as hot rolling, stress is uniformly transmitted to the entire plate thickness, and therefore, the hardness distribution in the plate thickness direction does not occur. In contrast, in the cold rolling or flattening of (1 a) to (3 a) and (1 b) to (3 b), since deformation is small compared with hot rolling, work hardening is likely to occur at the surface layer and the vicinity thereof, and a hardness distribution satisfying the prescribed hardness distribution of the aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention can be formed in the sheet thickness direction. This is also evident from examples a to F. In addition, based on the above principle, in the method of bending the plate for the purpose of forcing the warping of the plate such as the levelers of (4 a) and (4 b), the plate surface layer is also work-hardened, so that a predetermined hardness distribution satisfying the aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention can be formed in the plate thickness direction. This can also be seen in example G.
Since the effect of reducing the spring-back amount in the aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention is based on the hardness distribution in the sheet thickness direction derived from work hardening, the same tendency can be obtained not only for work hardening type alloys such as JIS5000 series but also for heat treatment type alloys such as JIS6000 series. In the heat-treated alloy, a large amount of precipitates are formed before and after artificial aging, and therefore, the hardness is changed by the influence of the precipitates. However, it is considered that the hardness distribution in the plate thickness direction of the aluminum alloy plate for forming of the present invention is derived from work hardening by cold rolling, leveling, etc., and therefore, the offset of the hardness distribution itself is not affected before and after aging. This can also be seen in examples a to G.
The rebound mainly involves elastic deformation when bending the material. The lower the strength material, the narrower the elastic deformation region, and therefore, the lower the strength material, the smaller the spring-back amount. In the aluminum alloy sheet for forming of the present invention, since a soft layer is present in the center portion of the sheet thickness, the elastic deformation region of the portion is narrow, and as a result, the effect of reducing the spring-back amount can be improved. That is, it is considered that the softer layer is more widely present in the plate thickness direction, and the layer is more plastically deformed, so that the effect of reducing the rebound amount can be improved.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples shown below.
Examples
Example 1
JIS a6063 aluminum alloy and JIS 5052 aluminum alloy were cast into ingots by DC casting. Next, the JIS A6063 aluminum alloy was subjected to the homogenization treatment, hot rolling, cold rolling, solution treatment, and artificial aging treatment in this order, and the JIS 5052 aluminum alloy was subjected to the homogenization treatment, hot rolling, cold rolling, and stabilization treatment in this order, and the production conditions shown in Table 1 or Table 2 were operated in these steps, whereby the JIS A6063 aluminum alloy was subjected to the production conditions shown in Table 1, the aluminum alloy sheet having the sheet thickness shown in Table 1 was produced at 0.80mm, and the JIS 5052 aluminum alloy sheet having the sheet thickness shown in Table 2 was produced at 2.70 mm. The conditions of the homogenization treatment, the solution treatment, the artificial aging treatment, and the stabilization treatment are set to general conditions.
The differences between the conditions and the standard plate are as follows. Example a: the cold working rate is improved. Example B: after the artificial ageing treatment, a levelling with a reduction of 3.0% was carried out. Example C: the number of times of cold working is increased. Example D: the number of times of cold working is increased, and the flattening with the rolling reduction of 3.0% is implemented after the artificial aging treatment. Example E: after the artificial ageing treatment, a levelling with a reduction of 5.0% was carried out. Example F: after the artificial ageing treatment, a levelling with a reduction of 10.0% was carried out. Example G: a leveler-based treatment was performed after the solution treatment. Comparative example H: after cold rolling and before solution treatment, flattening with a reduction of 3.0% was performed. Comparative example I: the number of cold working channels is reduced. Example J: the cold rolling reduction ratio is improved. Example K: the number of times of cold working is increased. Example L: after the stabilization treatment, a leveling with a reduction of 3.0% was carried out.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
The method and evaluation criteria for each evaluation are as follows.
< hardness (Hv) measurement >
The hardness (Hv) was measured by the method according to JIS Z2244. After embedding an aluminum alloy sheet resin and mirror polishing, the hardness (Hv) was measured under a measurement condition of 10gf (0.098N) under a test load and a holding time of 10 seconds by using a mini vickers hardness tester (FM-110, manufactured by FUTURE-TECH corp.). The measurement was performed at predetermined intervals in the thickness direction, 3 points were measured for each measurement position, and the average value was taken as the hardness (Hv) at that position.
In JIS6000 series aluminum alloy sheet, measurement was performed at intervals of 0.05mm in the thickness direction, and in JIS5000 series aluminum alloy sheet, measurement was performed at intervals of 0.168mm in the thickness direction.
In addition, since the resin is affected by the vickers indentation at the outermost layer, the hardness measurement is not performed.
The results are shown in tables 3 and 4. Fig. 2 to 15 show the respective hardness distributions. Table 5 shows the slope a obtained by the least square method.
< rebound quantity (formability) >)
For evaluation of formability, 5 sheets of a sheet having a rolling direction of 60mm×a width direction of 30mm were prepared, and a 90 ° bending test was performed with a bending radius r=5.0 mm. The test load was set to 20kgf (196N), 100kgf (980N), 200kgf (1961N). After the load was removed, the angle of the plate was determined by a protractor, and the difference from 90 ° was used as the rebound amount. The rebound amount was an average value of 5 sheets.
The evaluation results are shown in table 5. A case where the decrease in the rebound amount of 200kgf was 1 ° or more compared with 20kgf was regarded as excellent moldability, and was described as "evaluation: good ", on the other hand, a case of less than 1 ° was regarded as poor in moldability, and was noted as" evaluation: difference).
As is clear from table 5, when the value obtained by multiplying the slope a of the fitting linear function by the plate thickness (mm) (slope a×plate thickness (mm)) is 10 or more based on the hardness distribution shown in fig. 2 to 15, the rebound amount of 200kgf is reduced by 1 ° or more compared with 20 kgf.
The production conditions A, B, C, D, E, F, G, J, K and L are those in which the "slope A. Times. Plate thickness (mm)" is 10 or more. On the other hand, in the case where the manufacturing conditions are H and I, since the slope of the hardness distribution in the plate thickness direction is too small, the "slope a×plate thickness (mm)" becomes lower than 10, and as a result, the rebound quantity is not considered to be reduced.
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
TABLE 5
Industrial applicability
The aluminum alloy plate of the present invention has a small spring-back amount after molding and processing, and good formability can be obtained.
Description of the reference numerals
1. Aluminum alloy plate for molding
3. 1/2 depth position of plate thickness
4. Plate surface position
5. 1/4 depth position of plate thickness
6. Plate thickness direction
7. Plate surface
p plate thickness
Length of 1/2 of q plate thickness
Length of 1/4 of r plate thickness
Claims (7)
1. An aluminum alloy sheet for forming is characterized in that the hardness (Hv) is measured at 1/16 of the plate thickness interval in the plate thickness direction from the 1/2 depth position to the plate surface, the hardness (Hv) is plotted on the vertical axis, the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness is plotted on the horizontal axis, the hardness distribution is plotted on the basis of the hardness distribution, the relationship between the hardness (Hv) and the distance (mm) from the 1/2 depth position of the plate thickness is fitted by a linear function, and when the slope A of the linear function is obtained by a least square method, the value obtained by multiplying the slope A by the plate thickness (mm) is 10 to 28.
2. The aluminum alloy sheet for forming as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that a relation between hardness (Hv) and a distance (mm) from 1/2 depth position of plate thickness is fitted by a quadratic function from a plot of the distribution of hardness from 1/4 depth position of plate thickness to a plot of the distribution of hardness, a slope B1 of the quadratic function is obtained by a least square method, and an absolute value of a difference (B1-B2) between the slope B1 and the slope B2 is 10 or less when the slope B2 of the quadratic function is obtained by a quadratic function from a plot of the distribution of hardness from 1/2 depth position of plate thickness to 1/4 depth position of plate thickness, a relation between hardness (Hv) and a distance (mm) from 1/2 depth position of plate thickness is fitted by a quadratic function from a plot of the distribution of hardness.
3. The aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tensile strength is 140.0MPa or more.
4. The aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the aluminum alloy sheet is made of JIS5000 series aluminum alloy.
5. The aluminum alloy sheet for forming according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the aluminum alloy sheet is made of JIS6000 series aluminum alloy.
6. A method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming, which is produced from a JIS5000 series aluminum alloy, wherein at least 1 of the following treatments is carried out: (1 a) setting the cold working rate to be more than 70.0%; (2a) Flattening the steel plate after stabilizing treatment, wherein the rolling reduction is 1.0-10.0%; (3a) 3 times or more of cold working passes with a reduction rate of 25.0% or less per 1 pass are performed; and (4 a) performing a treatment with a leveler after the stabilization treatment.
7. A method for producing an aluminum alloy sheet for forming, which is produced from a JIS6000 series aluminum alloy, wherein at least 1 of the following treatments is carried out: (1 b) setting the cold working rate to be 70.0% or more; (2b) Flattening with a rolling reduction of 1.0-10.0% after artificial aging treatment; (3b) 3 times or more of cold working passes with a reduction rate of 25.0% or less per 1 pass are performed; and (4 b) treating with a leveler after the solution treatment or after the artificial aging treatment.
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| PCT/JP2022/022965 WO2023013238A1 (en) | 2021-08-02 | 2022-06-07 | Aluminum alloy plate for molding and method for producing same |
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| JP2003129201A (en) * | 2001-10-18 | 2003-05-08 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Production method for aluminum alloy plate excellent in bendability, and aluminum alloy plate excellent in bendability and produced by the method |
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