CN117805193A - Expiration detection method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an expiration detection method and device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: setting a test flow rate and a test time period of the gas mass flowmeter; the background gas and the pre-collected expiratory sample to be detected are pumped by a miniature vacuum pump, and are respectively input into a sample inlet after being dried and the flow rate is controlled; in the baseline stabilizing time period, the three-way valve is closed, the gas circuit to be tested is closed, the background gas circuit is opened, and a first change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array is detected; in response to the test time period, the three-way valve is opened, the gas circuit to be tested is opened, the background gas circuit is closed, and a second change curve of the resistor is detected; in the period of recovering the base line, closing the three-way valve, closing the gas path to be detected, opening the background gas path, and detecting a third change curve of the resistor; determining an exhalation curve of the sample to be exhaled based on the first, second and third variation curves; based on different expiration curves, the health states of the individuals corresponding to different expiration samples to be detected are determined.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of gas sensors, and particularly relates to an expiration detection method and device.
Background
The kind and concentration of the exhaled air reflect the health status of the human body to some extent. The expiration diagnosis reflects the metabolic state of corresponding tissue cells by detecting the change of the expiration type or concentration of the human body, has great potential in the aspects of medical diagnosis and treatment monitoring, and is suitable for constructing a noninvasive and convenient disease auxiliary diagnosis method.
In the related art, there are mainly three methods of breath detection: a method for detecting a medical expiration is provided in, for example, patent CN201310092319.7, based on a spectroscopy detection method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and data processing is performed by combining chromatography column and surface acoustic wave detector analysis; secondly, a detection method based on a laser spectrum technology; thirdly, a detection method based on a sensor is provided, for example, a composite type expiration detection device is provided in patent CN201721650734.X, which is mainly applied to clinical routine detection of expired methane and hydrogen, and for example, patent CN201921371901.6 provides an expiration detection device which adopts a technology based on TiO 2 The gas sensor of the nano sensitive material can realize quantitative analysis of the concentration of common gases of human expiration including acetone and ammonia, and is mainly applied to auxiliary reference information of disease risks such as diabetes, chronic renal failure and the like. In contrast, the former two methods, although having high detection accuracy and sensitivity, are often applicable only to In detecting a single component, it is expensive. The third sensor-based detection method is relatively easy and low-cost to operate.
However, the related art still has the following problems: (1) When different individuals exhale during online detection, the condition of nonuniform flow velocity exists, and the gas detection array is difficult to finish detection of the gas to be detected under the stable air pressure; (2) The method has the advantages that a standardized process is not adopted during detection, the problems of difficult reproducibility and the like exist, and the method is often suitable for detecting specific diseases and has no universality; (3) Part of the methods involve sample pretreatment, concentration treatment is needed, the structure of the device is complex, and professional staff is often needed to operate the device; (4) Part of methods need to carry additional gas carrying cylinders, and the size and the structural complexity of the device are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks of the related art, the present invention provides an exhalation detection method and apparatus.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides an exhalation detection method comprising:
setting a gas test flow rate and a test time period of the gas mass flowmeter, wherein the test time period comprises a baseline stabilization time period, a response test time period and a baseline restoration time period;
the background gas and the pre-collected expiratory sample to be detected are pumped by a miniature vacuum pump, and are respectively input into a background gas sample inlet and a gas sample inlet to be detected after being dried and the gas mass flowmeter controls the flow rate;
Setting a three-way electromagnetic valve in a closed state in the baseline stabilization time period, closing a gas path to be detected, opening a background gas path, and detecting a first change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array;
switching the three-way electromagnetic valve to be in an open state in the response test time period, opening the gas circuit to be tested, closing the background gas circuit, and detecting a second change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array;
switching the three-way electromagnetic valve to the closed state in the baseline restoration time period, closing the gas circuit to be detected, opening the background gas circuit, and detecting a third change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array;
determining an expiration curve of the expiration sample to be measured based on the first, second and third variation curves;
and determining the health states of the individuals corresponding to the different breath samples to be detected based on the breath curves of the different breath samples to be detected.
In some embodiments, the determining the health status of the individual corresponding to the different breath samples to be tested based on the breath curves of the different breath samples to be tested includes:
Performing discriminant analysis on the expiration curves of different expiration samples to be detected by using Fisher linear discriminant functions to obtain classification results;
and determining the health state of the individual corresponding to the expiration sample to be detected based on the classification result.
In some embodiments, in the case where the different breath samples to be tested are breath samples of different individuals over the same period of time, the classification result is used to distinguish the health of the different individuals; in the case that the breath sample to be measured is a breath sample of the same individual in different time periods, the classification result is used for representing the change condition of the health degree of the same individual in different time periods.
In some embodiments, the gas test flow rate and test time period of the gas mass flowmeter, and the state of the three-way solenoid valve are switched, controlled by a host computer.
In some embodiments, the first profile of resistance of the detection gas detection array comprises:
and detecting the first change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array under the action of the background gas.
In some embodiments, the second profile of resistance of the detection gas detection array comprises:
Detecting the second change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array under the action of the first mixed gas; the ratio of the background gas to the expiratory sample to be detected in the first mixed gas is reduced along with the change of time until the ratio becomes 0.
In some embodiments, the third profile of resistance of the detection gas detection array comprises:
detecting the third change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array under the action of the second mixed gas; the ratio of the background gas to the breath sample to be detected in the second mixed gas is increased along with the change of time until the ratio becomes 1.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an exhalation detection apparatus comprising:
a parameter setting unit, configured to set a gas test flow rate and a test period of the gas mass flow meter, where the test period includes a baseline stabilization period, a response test period, and a baseline restoration period;
the sampling unit is used for pumping background gas and a pre-collected to-be-detected expired gas sample through the miniature vacuum pump, and respectively inputting the background gas sample inlet and the to-be-detected gas sample inlet after drying treatment and flow rate control of the gas mass flowmeter;
The baseline detection unit is used for setting a three-way electromagnetic valve to be in a closed state in the baseline stabilization time period, closing a gas path to be detected, opening a background gas path, and detecting a first change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array;
the response detection unit is used for switching the three-way electromagnetic valve to be in an open state in the response test time period, opening the gas circuit to be tested, closing the background gas circuit and detecting a second change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array;
the recovery detection unit is used for switching the three-way electromagnetic valve to be in the closed state in the recovery baseline time period, closing the gas circuit to be detected, opening the background gas circuit and detecting a third change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array;
the data processing unit is used for determining an expiration curve of the expiration sample to be detected based on the first change curve, the second change curve and the third change curve;
the data analysis unit is used for determining the health states of the individuals corresponding to different to-be-detected breath samples based on the breath curves of the different to-be-detected breath samples.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device comprising: at least one memory for storing a program; at least one processor for executing a memory-stored program, which when executed is adapted to carry out the method described in the first aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when run on a processor, causes the processor to perform the method described in the first aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
In a fifth aspect, the invention provides a computer program product which, when run on a processor, causes the processor to perform the method described in the first aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
According to the expiration detection method and device, the gas flow rate in the expiration sample testing process is controlled and monitored through the gas mass flowmeter, detection errors caused by non-uniform flow rates of different individuals during expiration during online monitoring are avoided, and the gas detection array can respond and detect the gas to be detected under stable air pressure; the gas pretreatment is only carried out by drying treatment and controlling the flow rate by a gas mass flowmeter, and the operation is simple; the background gas and the pre-collected expiratory sample to be detected are pumped by the miniature vacuum pump, and an additional carrier gas bottle is not needed, so that the overall volume and the structural complexity of the expiratory detection system are effectively reduced; setting two paths of gas channels, realizing gas path switching by controlling state switching of a three-way electromagnetic valve, detecting a change curve of a resistor of a gas detection array under the action of background gas, gas to be detected and mixed gas of the background gas, the gas to be detected, obtaining an expiration curve of an expiration sample to be detected, realizing consistency setting of other test parameters except the expiration sample to be detected, and finally obtaining the expiration curve which is only related to the gas type and the concentration of the expiration sample to be detected, thereby realizing judgment of the health state of an individual corresponding to the expiration sample to be detected, realizing flow rate controllable, quick and effective, simple operation, low cost and high universality of expiration detection, providing basis for early screening and later monitoring of various diseases, and having stronger applicability in basic medical institutions and individual users.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an exhalation detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of classification results provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exhalation detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a second schematic diagram of an exhalation detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The terms "first" and "second" and the like herein are used to distinguish between different objects and are not used to describe a particular order of objects. For example, the first response message and the second response message, etc. are used to distinguish between different response messages, and are not used to describe a particular order of response messages.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of an exhalation detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method at least includes the following steps (Step):
s101, setting a gas test flow rate and a test time period of a gas mass flowmeter, wherein the test time period comprises a baseline stabilizing time period, a response test time period and a baseline recovery time period.
In particular, the gas mass flow meter can be used for controlling the test flow rate of the gas, and the high-precision gas mass flow meter can effectively reduce the system error. The gas flow rate and the test time period of the gas mass flowmeter are set, so that the gas flow rate and the test time of expiration detection can be effectively controlled. The test time period can be divided into a baseline stabilizing time period, a response test time period and a recovery baseline time period according to the condition that the gas chamber contains gas, and the interval lengths of different time periods can be the same or different, and can be specifically set according to actual test requirements.
S102, extracting background gas and a pre-collected to-be-detected expired gas sample through a micro vacuum pump, and respectively inputting the background gas sample inlet and the to-be-detected gas sample inlet after drying treatment and controlling the flow rate through a gas mass flowmeter.
Specifically, the miniature vacuum pump is used as a pneumatic element for extracting the to-be-detected expired air sample and background gas, and an additional carrier gas bottle is not needed, so that the whole volume and the structural complexity of the expired air detection system are effectively reduced. Optionally, the background gas is indoor air, and is used as a reference object of the expiratory sample to be detected, so that the expiratory sample has relative stability. The background gas can be obtained according to the test requirement.
Optionally, the breath sample to be tested may be obtained in advance or in real time, and specifically, the breath of the patient or the healthy crowd may be collected as the breath sample through the gas sampling bag. The gas sampling bag can realize the non-contact acquisition of the expiratory sample to be detected, and the sample acquisition and the sample test can be respectively and independently carried out.
And the micro vacuum pump pumps the expiratory sample to be detected and the background gas, and the expiratory sample and the background gas are respectively input into the background gas sample inlet and the gas sample inlet to be detected after drying treatment and flow rate control of the gas mass flowmeter. The gas pretreatment operation is simple, and the gas can be input into the sample inlet after the drying treatment and the flow rate control through the gas mass flowmeter.
It should be noted that, the present invention is not limited to the sequence between S101 and S102, and the sequence between the two may be adjusted or performed synchronously.
S103, setting a three-way electromagnetic valve in a closed state in a baseline stabilizing period, closing a gas path to be detected, opening a background gas path, and detecting a first change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array.
And S104, switching the three-way electromagnetic valve to be in an open state in a response test time period, opening a gas circuit to be tested, closing a background gas circuit, and detecting a second change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array.
And S105, switching the three-way electromagnetic valve to be in a closed state in a baseline restoration period, closing a gas path to be detected, opening a background gas path, and detecting a third change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array.
In particular, sensor-based detection of expiration, while it is difficult to identify specific gas components in expiration, multiple sensors constitute an array in combination with pattern recognition algorithms that can achieve the response and identification of the expiration mix.
The invention is provided with two air inlet channels, comprising a gas channel to be detected and a background gas channel, and simultaneously realizes the fantasy of the gas channels by controlling the state switching of the three-way electromagnetic valve.
And in the baseline stabilizing period, setting a three-way electromagnetic valve to be closed, closing a gas passage to be detected, opening a background gas passage, and detecting a first change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array. With the advancement of time, the gas chamber is gradually filled with background gas, the concentration of the background gas gradually reaches constant due to the control of the flow rate, and the resistance of the gas detection array gradually reaches a stable state under the operation of the background gas.
In the response test time period, the three-way electromagnetic valve is switched from a closed state to an open state, at the moment, the gas circuit to be tested is switched to the open state, the background gas circuit is switched to the closed state, and a second change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array is detected. With the advancement of time, the background gas in the air chamber is continuously discharged, the gas to be detected is continuously discharged, the resistance of the gas detection array is interacted with the gas to be detected after contacting, the electrical characteristics are changed, the gas detection array enters a response stage, the air chamber is gradually filled with the gas to be detected, the concentration of the gas to be detected is gradually constant due to the control of the flow rate, and the resistance of the gas detection array is gradually stable after being changed.
And in the period of recovering the base line, the three-way electromagnetic valve is switched from an open state to a closed state, at the moment, the gas circuit of the gas to be detected is switched to the closed state, the background gas circuit is switched to the open state, and a third change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array is detected. Along with the time, the gas to be detected in the gas chamber is continuously discharged, the background gas is continuously discharged, the gas detection array analyzes and desorbs the gas to be detected adsorbed on the surface under the cleaning of the background gas, and the resistance of the gas detection array gradually returns to the baseline state detected in the baseline stabilizing period. And finally, ending the test of the expiration sample to be tested, and replacing the expiration sample to perform the next expiration test.
S106, determining an expiration curve of the expiration sample to be tested based on the first variation curve, the second variation curve and the third variation curve.
Specifically, during the test process of one breath sample, the breath curve of the breath sample to be tested is obtained through the first variation curve of the detected resistance of the gas detection array in the baseline stabilizing period, the second variation curve in the response test period and the third variation curve in the recovery baseline period, so as to be used for subsequent analysis.
S107, determining the health states of individuals corresponding to different to-be-detected breath samples based on the breath curves of the different to-be-detected breath samples.
Specifically, through carrying out statistical analysis on the expiration curves of different expiration samples to be detected, the health states corresponding to the different expiration samples to be detected can be obtained and used as early screening assistance and later monitoring assistance of a disease dispute.
The type or concentration of the gas exhaled by the human body in a healthy or unhealthy state may be changed, and the exhalation curves obtained through the above steps may be different. Even for a population that is also unhealthy, the type or concentration of exhaled air may change from one disease type to another, and from one stage to another stage of the same disease type. Thus, by taking the aforementioned exhalation profile of the breath sample, a determination of the health status of the individual can be achieved.
According to the expiration detection method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the gas flow rate in the expiration sample test process is controlled and monitored through the gas mass flowmeter, so that detection errors caused by non-uniform flow rates of different individuals during expiration during online monitoring are avoided, and the gas detection array can respond and detect the gas to be detected under stable air pressure; the gas pretreatment is only carried out by drying treatment and controlling the flow rate by a gas mass flowmeter, and the operation is simple; the background gas and the pre-collected expiratory sample to be detected are pumped by the miniature vacuum pump, and an additional carrier gas bottle is not needed, so that the overall volume and the structural complexity of the expiratory detection system are effectively reduced; setting two paths of gas channels, realizing gas path switching by controlling state switching of a three-way electromagnetic valve, detecting a change curve of a resistor of a gas detection array under the action of background gas, gas to be detected and mixed gas of the background gas, the gas to be detected, obtaining an expiration curve of an expiration sample to be detected, realizing consistency setting of other test parameters except the expiration sample to be detected, and finally obtaining the expiration curve which is only related to the gas type and the concentration of the expiration sample to be detected, thereby realizing judgment of the health state of an individual corresponding to the expiration sample to be detected, realizing flow rate controllable, quick and effective, simple operation, low cost and high universality of expiration detection, providing basis for early screening and later monitoring of various diseases, and having stronger applicability in basic medical institutions and individual users.
In some embodiments, determining the health status of the individual corresponding to the different breath samples to be tested in S107 based on the breath curves of the different breath samples to be tested specifically includes:
performing discriminant analysis on the expiration curves of different expiration samples to be detected by using Fisher linear discriminant functions to obtain classification results;
and determining the health state of the individual corresponding to the breath sample to be detected based on the classification result.
Specifically, through discriminant analysis, various characteristic values of variables in the data can be distinguished and determined to determine the type attribute. In the present invention, the data processing tool may employ a Fisher linear arbiter. The Fisher linear discrimination method can better distinguish different individuals, does not make any requirement on overall data distribution, and has better effect when processing a large number of unknown characteristics or categories.
And (3) carrying out linear discriminant analysis on expiration curves of different expiration samples to be detected to obtain a classification result, and determining the health state of an individual corresponding to the expiration sample to be detected based on the classification result.
Alternatively, in the case where the different breath samples to be tested are breath samples of different individuals within the same time period, the classification result is used to distinguish the health of the different individuals. For example, different breath samples to be tested comprise breath samples of healthy people and diseased people, and the Fisher linear discriminator can effectively distinguish the two types of people. For another example, different breath samples to be tested comprise breath samples of different types of diseased people, and the Fisher linear discriminator can effectively distinguish the two types of people on the assumption of uremic patients and lung cancer patients.
Optionally, in the case that the different breath samples to be tested are breath samples of the same individual in different time periods, the classification result is used to characterize the change of the health degree of the same individual in different time periods. For example, different breath samples to be tested are breath samples of the same individual in a diseased condition and a health recovery condition, and the Fisher linear discriminator can effectively distinguish the breath samples in different states. For another example, the different breath samples to be tested are breath samples of the same individual at different stages of the illness, and the Fisher linear discriminator can effectively distinguish the breath samples at different stages on the assumption that the breath samples are early, middle and late of the lung cancer.
Therefore, the expiration detection method provided by the invention is not limited to the diagnosis assistance of a certain disease or a certain disease.
In some embodiments, the gas test flow rate and test time period of the gas mass flow meter, and the state switching of the three-way solenoid valve are controlled by the host computer. Specifically, the gas test speed and the test time period of the gas mass flowmeter can be set through the upper computer, and the upper computer can monitor the gas test speed displayed by the gas mass flowmeter. The state switching of the three-way electromagnetic valve can also be accurately controlled by the upper computer at regular time.
In some embodiments, detecting the first change in resistance of the gas detection array in S103 specifically includes:
a first change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array under the action of background gas is detected.
Specifically, in the baseline stage, a background gas passage is opened, a gas passage to be detected is closed, background gas is gradually discharged into the gas chamber, and the resistance change of the gas detection array gradually tends to be stable along with uniform discharge of the background gas. Therefore, the gas test flow rate and the test time period cannot be set at will, the interval length setting of the baseline stabilization time period should be based on that the resistance of the gas detection array can reach the stable state, and meanwhile, the setting of the gas test flow rate also needs to be compatible with the observability of the resistance change curve and the high-efficiency requirement of the overall test, if the setting flow rate is too fast, the resistance change curve is difficult to monitor, and if the setting flow rate is too slow, the overall expiration detection time is too long.
In some embodiments, the detecting a second change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array in S104 specifically includes:
detecting a second change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array under the action of the first mixed gas; the ratio of the background gas and the expiratory sample to be detected in the first mixed gas is reduced along with the change of time until the ratio becomes 0.
Specifically, in the response stage, the background gas channel is closed, the gas channel of the gas to be detected is opened, the gas to be detected in the gas chamber is gradually discharged, the background gas is gradually discharged, the resistor of the gas detection array is interacted with the gas to be detected after contacting, the electrical characteristics are changed, and when only the gas to be detected which is discharged and discharged at a uniform speed is arranged in the gas chamber, the resistor is stabilized again. And detecting a second change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array under the action of the first mixed gas, wherein the proportion of the background gas in the first mixed gas and the expiratory sample to be detected is reduced along with the change of time until the proportion is reduced to 0, namely the gas chamber is filled with the gas to be detected.
Likewise, the interval length setting of the response test period should be based on the fact that the resistance of the gas detection array can reach a steady state.
In some embodiments, detecting a third change in resistance of the gas detection array in S105 specifically includes:
detecting a third change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array under the action of the second mixed gas; the ratio of the background gas and the expiratory sample to be detected in the second mixed gas is increased along with the change of time until the ratio becomes 1.
Specifically, in the recovery stage, the background gas channel is opened, the gas channel to be detected is closed, the gas to be detected in the gas chamber is gradually discharged, the background gas is gradually discharged, the resistance of the gas detection array is gradually desorbed under the cleaning of the background gas, the electrical characteristics of the gas to be detected adsorbed on the surface are changed, and when only the background gas which is discharged and discharged at a uniform speed in the gas chamber is discharged, the resistance is stable again. And detecting a second change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array under the action of a second mixed gas, wherein the proportion of the background gas in the second mixed gas and the expiratory sample to be detected is increased along with the change of time until the proportion is increased to 1, namely the air chamber is filled with the background gas.
Likewise, the interval length setting for the recovery baseline period should be based on the resistance of the gas detection array reaching steady state.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is further described below by using a plurality of specific examples.
Example 1:
the exhalation detection method provided by the invention provides a noninvasive large-scale early screening method for potential high-risk groups of lung cancer.
By using the expiration detection method provided by the invention, taking the expiration detection of a lung tumor patient as an example, the expiration of a subject is collected, tested and analyzed, and the method comprises the following steps:
step a, expiration collection and preparation: and collecting gas samples of lung tumor patients (benign and malignant tumors) and healthy control group calls by using a gas sampling bag, connecting the sampled gas bag to a gas sample inlet to be tested of the system, and taking indoor air as background gas.
Step b, test parameter setting: and (3) connecting WiFi of the system in the upper computer, setting the gas test flow rate to be 100sccm (mL/min), and the test time (base line, response and recovery for 2min respectively), wherein the gas flow rate is unchanged in the whole test process.
Step c, baseline stage: the three-way electromagnetic valve is in a closed state, the gas circuit of the gas to be detected is closed, the gas circuit at the background gas inlet end is smooth, the background gas is pumped by the micro vacuum pump and sequentially passes through the drying module, the gas mass flowmeter and the gas chamber and then is discharged, and the baseline resistance of the gas detection array gradually reaches a stable state under the action of background air.
Step d, response phase: after 2min, the three-way electromagnetic valve is switched to an open state under the control of the upper computer, the background gas circuit is closed, the gas circuit to be detected is opened, the expired air sample to be detected is pumped by the micro vacuum pump to sequentially pass through the drying module and the gas mass flowmeter, enter the air chamber, interact after the gas detection array contacts with the gas to be detected, change the electrical characteristics of the gas detection array and enter the response stage.
Step e, a recovery stage: after 2min, the three-way electromagnetic valve is switched to a closed state under the control of the upper computer, the gas circuit of the gas to be detected is closed, the background gas circuit is opened, the gas detection array is desorbed by the gas molecules to be detected adsorbed on the surface of the gas detection array under the cleaning of the background gas, and the resistance of the gas detection array is restored to a base line state. After 2min, the test is automatically stopped, one test is completed, and the breath sample is replaced for the next test.
Step f, data processing stage: the resistance change of the gas detection array in three stages of baseline, response and recovery is used as output data of one-time test, and Fisher linear discrimination method is utilized to process the data so as to classify the exhalations of two types of people. Fig. 2 is a box diagram of discrimination scores of lung tumor patients and a healthy control group provided by the embodiment of the invention, wherein the median of discrimination scores (black lines in the box diagram) of healthy people and lung tumor patients are completely separated, and the quartile boundaries of the median are not overlapped, so that the healthy people and lung tumor patient people can be basically distinguished.
In conclusion, the exhalation detection method provided by the invention can be used for noninvasively, rapidly and effectively distinguishing lung cancer patients from healthy people, and is hopeful to be used as an auxiliary method for clinically discovering lung cancer patients in different stages.
Example 2:
chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has become a serious chronic disease seriously jeopardizing the life and health of human body due to its high incidence rate, high complications and other characteristics. The main clinical manifestation is abnormal Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) value, and if not found in time, may progress to stage five, uremia. In clinic, the glomerular filtration rate is usually indirectly expressed by using a blood creatinine value so as to realize diagnosis, but long-time and invasive detection is usually needed, which is unfavorable for early screening and early warning of chronic kidney diseases. Meanwhile, the uremia patient has no gold standard for judging the health recovery degree after the kidney transplantation operation clinically. The expiration detection method provided by the invention provides a noninvasive real-time supervision method for the health recovery degree of uremic patients after kidney transplantation.
By using the expiration detection method provided by the invention, taking the expiration detection of uremic patients as an example, the expiration of a subject is collected, tested and analyzed, and the method comprises the following steps:
Step a, expiration collection and preparation: and collecting samples of expired air before, 7 days after and 14 days after kidney transplantation of uremic patients by using a gas sampling bag, connecting the sampled gas bag to a gas sample inlet to be tested of the system, and taking indoor air as background gas.
Step b, test parameter setting: and (3) connecting WiFi of the system in the upper computer, setting the gas test flow rate to be 100sccm (mL/min), and the test time (base line, response and recovery for 2min respectively), wherein the gas flow rate is unchanged in the whole test process.
Step c, baseline stage: the three-way electromagnetic valve is in a closed state, the gas circuit of the gas to be detected is closed, the gas circuit at the background gas inlet end is smooth, the background gas is pumped by the micro vacuum pump and sequentially passes through the drying module, the gas mass flowmeter and the gas chamber and then is discharged, and the baseline resistance of the gas detection array gradually reaches a stable state under the action of background air.
Step d, response phase: after 2min, the three-way electromagnetic valve is switched to an open state under the control of the upper computer, the background gas circuit is closed, the gas circuit to be detected is opened, the expired air sample to be detected is pumped by the micro vacuum pump to sequentially pass through the drying module and the gas mass flowmeter, enter the air chamber, interact after the gas detection array contacts with the gas to be detected, change the electrical characteristics of the gas detection array and enter the response stage.
Step e, a recovery stage: after 2min, the three-way electromagnetic valve is switched to a closed state under the control of the upper computer, the gas circuit of the gas to be detected is closed, the background gas circuit is opened, the gas detection array is desorbed by the gas molecules to be detected adsorbed on the surface of the gas detection array under the cleaning of the background gas, and the resistance of the gas detection array is restored to a base line state. After 2min, the test is automatically stopped, one test is completed, and the breath sample is replaced for the next test.
Step f, data processing stage: the resistance change of the gas detection array at three stages of baseline, response and recovery is used as output data of one test, and the data is processed by a classical discrimination method to classify expired air.
Tables 1 and 2 are tables of the abstract and corresponding Wilks' Lambda of typical discriminant functions obtained by Fisher discriminant analysis according to the embodiment of the present invention.
TABLE 1
| Function of | Eigenvalues | Percentage of variance | Cumulative percentage | Typical correlation |
| 1 | 2.852 | 66.2 | 66.2 | 0.860 |
| 2 | 27.6 | 27.6 | 93.7 | 0.737 |
| 3 | 0.270 | 6.3 | 100.0 | 0.461 |
TABLE 2
The Fisher discriminant analysis method obtains a classical discriminant function, and the classical discriminant function is output, which reflects the characteristic value, the variance percentage, the cumulative percentage and the typical correlation, the variance percentage of the discriminant function 3 is only 6.3%, and the discriminant functions 1 and 2 explain most variances. The Wickel Lambda table compares the significance of different discriminant functions, and the significance is less than 0.05, which indicates that the function judgment is significant. By combining the tables 1 and 2, the classical discriminant function group mass center map can be finally obtained, and the group mass centers before operation, 7 days after operation and 14 days after operation are completely separated by analysis, so that uremic patients can be basically distinguished between the kidney transplantation operation, 7 days after operation and 14 days after operation.
In conclusion, based on the expiration detection method provided by the invention, the health recovery degree of the uremic patient after the kidney transplantation can be evaluated noninvasively, rapidly and effectively, and the expiration detection method is expected to be an auxiliary method for clinically monitoring the health recovery degree of the uremic patient.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an exhalation detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the apparatus includes:
(1) The device is used as an air inlet and used for air inflow of an expiration sample to be detected and background air; (2) The device is a three-way electromagnetic valve, is controlled by an upper computer, and automatically switches an air inlet in the test process; (3) a power module; (4) The gas mass flowmeter is a high-precision gas mass flowmeter and is used for controlling the gas test flow rate in the test process, so that the system error is reduced; (5) And (6) a testing cavity, wherein eight channels of non-redundant sensors are arranged; (7) an air pump; (8) The control circuit module is used for being connected with an external PC end to realize the automatic control of the whole testing process; (9) The flow meter parameter setting module is a flow meter transmission and control module and is used for setting flow meter parameters; (10) And the PC end is used for receiving test data of the test cavity in real time and performing test visualization processing.
Optionally, the breath detection device is an off-line portable breath detection device, which has greater applicability in primary medical institutions and individual users.
Fig. 4 is a second schematic structural diagram of an exhalation detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the apparatus at least includes:
a parameter setting unit 401 for setting a gas test flow rate of the gas mass flow meter and a test period including a baseline stabilization period, a response test period, and a restoration baseline period;
the sampling unit 402 is configured to pump a background gas and a pre-collected breath sample to be detected through a micro vacuum pump, and input the sample to be detected and the background gas sample inlet after drying treatment and flow rate control of the gas mass flowmeter;
the baseline detection unit 403 is configured to set a three-way electromagnetic valve in a closed state during the baseline stabilization period, close a gas path to be detected, open a background gas path, and detect a first change curve of a resistance of the gas detection array;
the response detection unit 404 is configured to switch the three-way electromagnetic valve to an open state in the response test period, the gas path to be tested is opened, the background gas path is closed, and a second change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array is detected;
a recovery detection unit 405, configured to switch the three-way electromagnetic valve to the closed state in the recovery baseline period, close the gas path to be detected, open the background gas path, and detect a third change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array;
A data processing unit 406, configured to determine an exhalation curve of the to-be-detected exhalation sample based on the first variation curve, the second variation curve, and the third variation curve;
the data analysis unit 407 is configured to determine health states of individuals corresponding to different breath samples to be tested based on breath curves of the different breath samples to be tested.
In some embodiments, the data analysis unit 407 includes:
the discriminant analysis module is used for performing discriminant analysis on the expiration curves of different expiration samples to be detected through Fisher linear discriminant functions to obtain classification results;
and the determining module is used for determining the health state of the individual corresponding to the expiration sample to be detected based on the classification result.
In some embodiments, in the case where the different breath samples to be tested are breath samples of different individuals over the same period of time, the classification result is used to distinguish the health of the different individuals; in the case that the breath sample to be measured is a breath sample of the same individual in different time periods, the classification result is used for representing the change condition of the health degree of the same individual in different time periods.
In some embodiments, the gas test flow rate and test time period of the gas mass flowmeter, and the state of the three-way solenoid valve are switched, controlled by a host computer.
In some embodiments, the baseline detection unit 403 includes:
and the first detection module is used for detecting the first change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array under the action of the background gas.
In some embodiments, the response detection unit 404 includes:
the second detection module is used for detecting the second change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array under the action of the first mixed gas; the ratio of the background gas to the expiratory sample to be detected in the first mixed gas is reduced along with the change of time until the ratio becomes 0.
In some embodiments, the recovery detection unit 405 includes:
the third detection module is used for detecting the third change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array under the action of the second mixed gas; the ratio of the background gas to the breath sample to be detected in the second mixed gas is increased along with the change of time until the ratio becomes 1.
It should be understood that the detailed functional implementation of each unit/module may be referred to the description of the foregoing method embodiment, and will not be repeated herein.
It should be understood that, the foregoing apparatus is used to perform the method in the foregoing embodiment, and corresponding program modules in the apparatus implement principles and technical effects similar to those described in the foregoing method, and reference may be made to corresponding processes in the foregoing method for the working process of the apparatus, which are not repeated herein.
Based on the method in the above embodiment, the embodiment of the invention provides an electronic device. The apparatus may include: at least one memory for storing programs and at least one processor for executing the programs stored by the memory. Wherein the processor is adapted to perform the method described in the above embodiments when the program stored in the memory is executed.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the electronic device may include: processor (processor) 501, communication interface (Communications Interface) 520, memory (memory) 503, and communication bus 504, wherein processor 501, communication interface 502, and memory 503 communicate with each other via communication bus 504. The processor 501 may call software instructions in the memory 503 to perform the methods described in the above embodiments.
Based on the method in the above embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which when executed on a processor, causes the processor to perform the method in the above embodiment.
Based on the method in the above embodiments, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer program product, which when run on a processor causes the processor to perform the method in the above embodiments.
It is to be appreciated that the processor in embodiments of the invention may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), other general purpose processor, digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), field programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic device, transistor logic device, hardware components, or any combination thereof. The general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, it may be any conventional processor.
The steps of the method in the embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by executing software instructions by a processor. The software instructions may be comprised of corresponding software modules that may be stored in random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), flash Memory, read-Only Memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC.
In the above embodiments, it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed on a computer, produces a flow or function in accordance with embodiments of the present invention, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted across a computer-readable storage medium. The computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center by a wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that contains an integration of one or more available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy Disk, a hard Disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a Solid State Disk (SSD)), or the like.
It will be appreciated that the various numerical numbers referred to in the embodiments of the present invention are merely for ease of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An exhalation detection method, comprising:
setting a gas test flow rate and a test time period of the gas mass flowmeter, wherein the test time period comprises a baseline stabilization time period, a response test time period and a baseline restoration stabilization time period;
the background gas and the pre-collected expiratory sample to be detected are pumped by a miniature vacuum pump, and are respectively input into a background gas sample inlet and a gas sample inlet to be detected after being dried and the gas mass flowmeter controls the flow rate;
setting a three-way electromagnetic valve in a closed state in the baseline stabilization time period, closing a gas path to be detected, opening a background gas path, and detecting a first change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array;
Switching the three-way electromagnetic valve to be in an open state in the response test time period, opening the gas circuit to be tested, closing the background gas circuit, and detecting a second change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array;
switching the three-way electromagnetic valve to the closed state in the baseline restoration time period, closing the gas circuit to be detected, opening the background gas circuit, and detecting a third change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array;
determining an expiration curve of the expiration sample to be measured based on the first, second and third variation curves;
and determining the health states of the individuals corresponding to the different breath samples to be detected based on the breath curves of the different breath samples to be detected.
2. The breath detection method according to claim 1, wherein determining the health status of the individual corresponding to the different breath samples to be tested based on the breath curves of the different breath samples to be tested comprises:
performing discriminant analysis on the expiration curves of different expiration samples to be detected by using Fisher linear discriminant functions to obtain classification results;
and determining the health state of the individual corresponding to the expiration sample to be detected based on the classification result.
3. The breath detection method according to claim 2, wherein in the case where the different breath samples to be detected are breath samples of different individuals within the same period of time, the classification result is used to distinguish the health degree of the different individuals; in the case that the breath sample to be measured is a breath sample of the same individual in different time periods, the classification result is used for representing the change condition of the health degree of the same individual in different time periods.
4. The exhalation detection method according to claim 1, wherein a gas test flow rate and a test period of the gas mass flow meter, and a state switching of the three-way solenoid valve are controlled by a host computer.
5. The exhalation detection method according to claim 1, wherein the detecting a first variation curve of the resistance of the gas detection array comprises:
and detecting the first change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array under the action of the background gas.
6. The exhalation detection method according to claim 5, wherein the detecting a second variation curve of the resistance of the gas detection array includes:
detecting the second change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array under the action of the first mixed gas; the ratio of the background gas to the expiratory sample to be detected in the first mixed gas is reduced along with the change of time until the ratio becomes 0.
7. The exhalation detection method according to claim 6, wherein detecting a third variation curve of the resistance of the gas detection array comprises:
detecting the third change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array under the action of the second mixed gas; the ratio of the background gas to the breath sample to be detected in the second mixed gas is increased along with the change of time until the ratio becomes 1.
8. An exhalation detection apparatus, comprising:
a parameter setting unit, configured to set a gas test flow rate and a test period of the gas mass flow meter, where the test period includes a baseline stabilization period, a response test period, and a baseline restoration period;
the sampling unit is used for pumping background gas and a pre-collected to-be-detected expired gas sample through the miniature vacuum pump, and respectively inputting the background gas sample inlet and the to-be-detected gas sample inlet after drying treatment and flow rate control of the gas mass flowmeter;
the baseline detection unit is used for setting a three-way electromagnetic valve to be in a closed state in the baseline stabilization time period, closing a gas path to be detected, opening a background gas path, and detecting a first change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array;
The response detection unit is used for switching the three-way electromagnetic valve to be in an open state in the response test time period, opening the gas circuit to be tested, closing the background gas circuit and detecting a second change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array;
the recovery detection unit is used for switching the three-way electromagnetic valve to be in the closed state in the recovery baseline time period, closing the gas circuit to be detected, opening the background gas circuit and detecting a third change curve of the resistance of the gas detection array;
the data processing unit is used for determining an expiration curve of the expiration sample to be detected based on the first change curve, the second change curve and the third change curve;
the data analysis unit is used for determining the health states of the individuals corresponding to different to-be-detected breath samples based on the breath curves of the different to-be-detected breath samples.
9. An electronic device, comprising:
at least one memory for storing a program;
at least one processor for executing the memory-stored program, which processor is adapted to perform the method according to any of claims 1-7, when the memory-stored program is executed.
10. A computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that the computer program, when run on a processor, causes the processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-7.
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