CN117794672A - Method for manufacturing tool - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing tool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117794672A CN117794672A CN202280054713.9A CN202280054713A CN117794672A CN 117794672 A CN117794672 A CN 117794672A CN 202280054713 A CN202280054713 A CN 202280054713A CN 117794672 A CN117794672 A CN 117794672A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- joint
- cemented carbide
- maraging steel
- temperature
- maraging
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 229910001240 Maraging steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 30
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a tool, comprising: the maraging steel joint (1) and the cemented carbide joint (2) are joined by brazing. The invention also relates to a tool manufactured according to such a method. The method comprises the following steps: a Ni coating is deposited on the maraging steel part and then a weld repair material comprising at least 70 wt.% Cu is applied. The braze joint exhibits excellent shear strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a tool comprising joining a maraging steel joint and a cemented carbide joint by brazing. The invention also relates to a tool manufactured according to such a method.
Background
Joining steel to cemented carbide by brazing or welding is known in the art of tool manufacture. There are several challenges when joining steel to cemented carbide, such as differences in CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion), braze joint strength, undesirable hardness profile in the steel, etc.
There are several solutions that can improve each of these problems individually, but they generally lead to problems in other areas and not all of them can be resolved.
The principle of brazing is to use a filler material (filler material) that joins two workpieces when heated. There are several ways to heat the braze joint, one of the most common is to use an induction coil for induction heating. One of the benefits of using a coil is that only the local area around the braze joint is heated while the rest of the tool is unaffected. However, such localized heating may cause an undesirable hardness distribution in the steel member, which may cause problems when the steel member is provided with threads or the like for fastening a rotary tool and other cutting tools or the like.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a tool having both a strong braze joint and a steel part with a uniform hardness distribution and a high hardness and thus improved wear resistance.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of joining steel and cemented carbide which is easy to use and results in a joint with a predictable high strength and a steel component with a predictable hardness.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a tool by joining a cemented carbide joint with a maraging steel joint, comprising the steps of:
-applying a Ni-coating with a thickness of between 0.5 and 15 μm on the joining surfaces of the maraging steel joint;
-placing a weld repair material comprising at least 70 wt% Cu in contact with the joining surfaces of the cemented carbide joint and the maraging steel joint;
-subjecting the cemented carbide joint and the maraging joint and the weld repair material therebetween to an elevated temperature in a vacuum furnace at a temperature between 900 and 1200 ℃ for a period of time between 1 and 60 minutes;
-subjecting the cemented carbide joint and the maraging joint to a tempering procedure at a temperature between 300 and 600 ℃ for between 5 minutes and 12 hours.
Maraging steel is a steel hardened by precipitation of intermetallic compounds. Maraging steel suitably contains 8 to 25 wt.% Ni and a total of between 7 and 27 wt.%, preferably between 7 and 23 wt.% of one or more alloying elements selected from Co, mo, ti, al and Cr. Maraging steel generally contains less carbon than conventional steel, suitably below 0.03 wt.%. The balance being Fe and impurities.
In one embodiment of the invention the maraging steel according to the invention contains 11 to 25 wt.% Ni, preferably 15 to 25 wt.% Ni. The alloying elements are suitably: co in an amount of 7 to 15 wt%, preferably 8.5 to 12.5 wt% Co; mo in an amount of 3 to 10 wt%, preferably 3 to 6 wt%; ti in an amount of 0.1 to 1.6 wt%, preferably 0.5 to 1.2 wt%; 0 to 0.15 wt% Cr; al in an amount of 0 to 0.2 wt%; and less than 0.03 wt% C. The balance being Fe and impurities.
In one embodiment of the invention the maraging steel has a composition of 17-19 wt.% Ni, 8.5-12.5 wt.% Co, 4-6 wt.% Mo, 0.5-1.2 wt.% Ti, 0-0.15 wt.% Cr, 0-0.2 wt.% Al and less than 0.03 wt.% C. The balance being Fe and impurities.
Impurity means herein any element that may be present in the maraging steel in small amounts without any influence on the properties of the steel. The total amount of impurities is less than 0.50 wt.%, preferably less than 0.15 wt.%. Examples of such elements are Mn, P, si, B and S.
In one embodiment of the invention, the amount of Mn is less than 0.05 wt%, the amount of P is less than 0.003 wt%, the amount of Si is less than 0.004 wt%, and the amount of S is less than 0.002 wt%.
The Ni coating may be deposited using any coating technique known in the art of depositing Ni coatings, such as electroplating or PVD. The thickness of the Ni coating is between 0.5 and 20 μm, preferably between 2 and 10 μm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the Ni coating is deposited using PVD, comprising the steps of: the steel surface is first cleaned by ion etching and then the Ni coating is deposited. The exact process parameters will be determined by one skilled in the art depending on the type of deposition apparatus to be used.
The cemented carbide joint may be made of any cemented carbide common in the art. The cemented carbide comprises a hard phase embedded in a matrix of a metallic binder phase.
Cemented carbide means herein that at least 50 wt.%, suitably at least 70 wt.% of the hard phase is WC.
Suitably, the amount of metal binder phase is between 3 and 20 wt%, preferably between 4 and 15 wt% of the cemented carbide. Preferably, the main component of the metal binder phase is selected from one or more of Co, ni and Fe, and more preferably, the main component of the metal binder phase is Co.
The main component is herein intended to mean that no other elements are added to form the binder phase, however, if other components like e.g. Cr are added, they will inevitably dissolve in the binder during sintering.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cemented carbide may also comprise other components common in cemented carbide elements, selected from Cr, ta, ti, nb and V, either as elements or as carbides, nitrides or carbonitrides.
The repair welding material (sometimes also referred to as brazing material) according to the invention contains at least 70 wt.% Cu, preferably at least 80 wt.% Cu. The remaining elements may be, for example, ge, mn, ni, sn, ag to adjust the melting temperature and wettability of the materials to be joined.
In one embodiment of the invention, the weld repair material is at least 99% Cu by weight.
Suitably, the repair welding material is provided in the form of a foil or wire.
The weld repair material is provided on the joining surfaces of the cemented carbide substrate and the steel component.
The thickness of the repair welding material before the brazing process depends on the type of material, i.e. foil or wire. Typically, the foil has a thickness of between 5 and 200 μm, preferably between 15 and 100 μm.
The cemented carbide joint and the maraging joint and the weld repair material therebetween are then subjected to elevated temperatures by placing the component in a furnace having an inert or reducing environment, i.e. having a minimum amount of oxygen. Preferably, the brazing temperature in the furnace is between 900 and 1200 ℃, preferably between 950 and 1170 ℃, more preferably between 1000 and 1150 ℃. The time during which the component is subjected to the elevated temperature is between 1 and 60 minutes, preferably between 5 and 30 minutes. If the time at elevated temperature is short, there is insufficient time to form the braze joint and the desired braze joint strength is not achieved. If the time at elevated temperature is longer, it may have a negative impact on the steel properties.
Suitably, the cooling rate from the brazing temperature down to a temperature at least below the solidus temperature of the repair material, preferably below 300 ℃, is between 1 and 50 ℃/min, preferably between 3 and 10 ℃/min.
The brazing is suitably carried out in vacuum or in the presence of argon of low partial pressure. Vacuum in this context means that the pressure in the furnace is below 5 x 10 -4 Mbar, preferably below 5X 10 -5 And millibars. If argon is present, the argon pressure is below 1X 10 -2 And millibars.
After brazing, the component is subjected to an ageing step by subjecting the component to an elevated ageing temperature of between 300 and 600 ℃, preferably between 400 and 600 ℃, most preferably between 500 and 600 ℃ for a time period of between 5 minutes and 12 hours, preferably between 2 and 5 hours.
Suitably, the heating rate to the ageing temperature is between 1 and 50 ℃ per minute, preferably between 5 and 10 ℃ per minute. Suitably, the cooling rate from the ageing temperature down to a temperature preferably below 300 ℃ is between 1 and 50 ℃/min, preferably between 5 and 10 ℃/min.
The brazing furnace used according to the invention may be any furnace capable of providing well controlled conditions as described above with respect to vacuum, heating and cooling rates etc. The brazing and ageing steps may be done in the same furnace or in two separate furnaces.
In one embodiment of the invention, the ageing is performed directly after the brazing step in the same furnace as the brazing step.
In one embodiment of the invention, the ageing is performed directly after the brazing step in a furnace different from vacuum brazing.
In one embodiment of the invention, the ageing is performed in the same furnace/deposition chamber before or during the deposition of the coating.
The tool may be any tool or component of a tool common in the art, wherein the cemented carbide component is joined to the steel component by brazing. Examples are drills, end mills, tool holders such as shanks and the like.
In one embodiment of the invention, the tool is a shank for use as a tool holder for a cutting tool such as a blade, drill bit, or the like. The shank is formed from a cemented carbide component for establishing stability and a steel component necessary for establishing threads to secure the cutting tool.
The invention also relates to a tool manufactured according to the above method. The tool comprises maraging steel and cemented carbide joints and a braze joint joining the joints.
Braze joint means herein the area or mass between the cemented carbide joint and the maraging steel joint that is filled with weld repair material formed during the brazing process.
The thickness of the braze joint is suitably between 5 and 200 μm, preferably between 15 and 100 μm.
The shear strength of the braze joint is at least 200MPa, preferably at least 250MPa.
The braze joint contains Cu and most likely some Ni. After the brazing step, it is extremely difficult to detect the Ni coating. Because maraging steel joint members also contain a large amount of Ni, it is not possible to determine where any detected Ni comes from. However, the effect of the Ni coating is evident when measuring the shear strength of the braze joint.
The maraging steel part suitably has an average hardness between 350 and 600HV1, preferably between 400 and 460HV1, more preferably between 410 and 450HV 1. Hardness was measured by a vickers hardness tester with a load of 1kgf (kilo-gram force) applied and a loading time of 15 s. A pattern of 3 x 6 dimples is applied in the whole material (not the surface) of the maraging steel part. The average value is the average value of these measurement points.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a shear test apparatus, wherein 1 is a steel joining member and 2 is a cemented carbide joining member.
Fig. 2 shows an SEM image of a braze joint according to the invention, wherein a Ni-coating is deposited on the steel joint prior to brazing, where a is a cemented carbide joint member, B is a braze joint, and C is a maraging steel joint member.
Fig. 3 shows SEM images of braze joints according to the prior art, wherein no Ni coating was deposited on the steel joint prior to brazing, where a is a cemented carbide joint member, B is a braze joint, and C is a maraging steel joint member.
Example 1
Steel components in the form of cylinders made of maraging steel 1.2709 are provided, as well as cemented carbide components consisting of 10 wt.% Co, 1 wt.% other carbides and the remainder WC. The maraging steel has a hardness of about 340HV1 before brazing.
An arc PVD (physical vapor deposition) is used to deposit a Ni coating on a portion of the maraging steel part. The sample was first ion etched (100A, 1,000V bias, 3 Ah), and then Ni coatings were deposited using 90A, 30V bias and 90Ah until a thickness of 5 μm was reached.
The weld repair material is provided in the form of a foil having a thickness of 100 μm. The composition of the soldering material is 100% Cu.
The foil is placed between the maraging steel part and the cemented carbide part such that both workpieces are in contact with the foil. The assembled joined workpieces were then placed in a Shi Maici (Schmetz) vacuum oven, where the temperature was first raised to 650 ℃ at a rate of 20 ℃/min and held for 10 minutes. The workpiece was then heated to 850 ℃ at a rate of 20 ℃/min and held for 10 minutes. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to a brazing temperature of 1100 ℃ at a rate of 5 ℃/min. The brazing temperature was maintained at 1100 ℃ for 15 minutes, after which the work piece was cooled to 300 ℃ at a rate of 5 ℃/minute. After 300 ℃, it was allowed to cool naturally.
After the brazing step, the braze is subjected to an aging process, thereby increasing the hardness of the maraging steel. The work piece was placed in the same furnace as brazing, with the temperature being raised to the aging temperature at a rate of 5 ℃/min. The ageing temperature was maintained at 580 ℃ for 3 hours after which the work piece was cooled to 300 ℃ at a rate of 5 ℃/min. After 300 ℃, it was allowed to cool naturally.
The joined work piece in which the maraging steel had a Ni coating was referred to herein as invention 1, while the joined work piece in which the maraging steel did not have a Ni coating was referred to herein as comparative 1.
An SEM image of the braze of invention 1 is shown in fig. 2, and an SEM image of the braze of comparative 1 is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen in fig. 3, the braze joint contains some irregularities and defects closest to the steel part.
As demonstrated by the high shear test results, excellent wettability can be observed with no signs of thermal stress cracking.
Example 2 (comparison)
Steel components made from carbon hardened hot work steel 1.2344 are provided, as well as cemented carbide components having a composition of 10 wt.% Co, 1 wt.% other carbides, and the remainder WC.
The weld repair material is provided in the form of a foil having a thickness of 100 μm. The braze metal had a composition of 100.0 wt.% Cu. The melting temperature was 1085 ℃.
The foil is placed between the maraging steel part and the cemented carbide part and the assembled joined work piece is placed in a furnace, wherein the temperature is first raised to 650 ℃ at a rate of 20 ℃/min and held for 5 minutes. Then the temperature was increased from 650 ℃ to a brazing temperature T of 1100 ℃ at a rate of 10K/min Brazing process . Will T Brazing process A residence time of 15 minutes was maintained after which the workpiece was cooled to 850 ℃ at a cooling rate of 50K/min. Starting at 850℃with an overpressure of 2 bar and 2500 minutes -1 Is to test sample N 2 Quenching.
Subsequently, the cemented carbide-steel joint with carbon hardened hot work steel 1.2344 was aged at 630 ℃ for 2 hours, twice.
This sample is denoted herein as comparison 2.
Example 3
The joined work pieces were evaluated by measuring the shear strength of the braze joint, and the hardness of the maraging steel part and the braze joint, whether or not there were cracks, and the like were investigated. To evaluate joint strength performance, a shear test was performed on a sample using a shear device setup as shown in FIG. 1, where 1 is a steel part in the shape of a steel cylinder [ ]h=5 mm), 2 is a cemented carbide part in the shape of a cemented carbide cylinder (+.>h=5 mm). Positioning steel cylinders at shear strengthThe gap of the degree test device is thus movable only in the loading direction. Grooves etched into the device surface hold the joint components in place and ensure that evenly distributed forces are induced into the braze joint. The applied force continues to increase until the braze joint fails, and the cemented carbide cylinder shears. And then by maximum measured force with the initial engagement surface (a=78.5 mm 2 ) The limit shear strength is calculated by the quotient of (a). The repair material is not removed until the shear strength of the braze joint is measured. The same procedure was used when testing bars.
The hardness of the steel part was measured on the cross section of the maraging steel part by a vickers hardness tester, with a load of 1kgf (kilo-gram force) and a loading time of 15 s. Covering the entire contour of the steel part in cross section (about 20 x 5mm 2 ) A pattern of 3 x 6 dimples is applied.
TABLE 1
| Shear strength (MPa) | Hardness (HV 1) | |
| Invention 1 | 327 | 427 |
| Comparative 1 | 152 | 427 |
| Comparative example 2 | 17.1 | 494 |
Claims (11)
1. A method of manufacturing a tool by joining a cemented carbide joint with a maraging steel joint, comprising the steps of:
-applying a Ni-coating with a thickness between 0.5 and 15 μm on the joining surfaces of the maraging steel joint;
-placing a weld repair material comprising at least 70 wt% Cu in contact with the joining surfaces of the cemented carbide joint and the maraging steel joint;
-subjecting the cemented carbide joint and the maraging joint and the weld repair material therebetween to a brazing process at an elevated temperature in a vacuum furnace at a temperature between 900 and 1200 ℃ for a period of time between 1 and 60 minutes;
-subjecting the cemented carbide joint and the maraging joint to a tempering procedure at a temperature between 300 and 600 ℃ for between 5 minutes and 12 hours.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the weld repair material comprises at least 99 wt% Cu.
3. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the Ni coating is between 2 and 10 μm thick and is deposited using PVD techniques.
4. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the maraging steel comprises 8-25 wt% Ni, one or more alloying elements selected from Co, mo, ti, al and Cr in a total amount of between 7-27 wt%, less than 0.03 wt% C, and the balance Fe and impurities.
5. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the maraging steel comprises 11-25 wt% Ni, 7-15 wt% Co, 3-10 wt% Mo, 0.1-1.6 wt% Ti, 0-0.15 wt% Cr, 0-0.2 wt% Al, less than 0.03 wt% C, and the balance Fe and impurities.
6. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the maraging steel comprises 15-25 wt% Ni, 8.5-12.5 wt% Co, 3-6 wt% Mo, 0.5-1.2 wt% Ti, 0-0.15 wt% Cr, 0-0.2 wt% Al, less than 0.03 wt% C, and the balance Fe and impurities.
7. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the brazing process is performed at a temperature between 950 and 1170 ℃ for between 5 and 30 minutes.
8. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the tempering process is performed at a temperature between 400 and 600 ℃ for between 2 and 5 hours.
9. A tool made according to any one of claims 1-8, comprising: maraging steel joints and cemented carbide joints and braze joints joining the joints.
10. The tool of claim 9, wherein the braze joint has a shear strength of at least 200MPa.
11. The tool according to any one of claims 9-10, wherein the maraging steel joint has a composition of 8-25 wt% Ni, a total amount of between 7-27 wt% of one or more alloying elements selected from Co, mo, ti, al and Cr, less than 0.03 wt% C, and the balance Fe and impurities.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE2130220 | 2021-08-16 | ||
| SE2130220-3 | 2021-08-16 | ||
| EP21206226.9 | 2021-11-03 | ||
| PCT/EP2022/072751 WO2023020986A1 (en) | 2021-08-16 | 2022-08-15 | Method of making a tool |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117794672A true CN117794672A (en) | 2024-03-29 |
Family
ID=90400338
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202280054713.9A Pending CN117794672A (en) | 2021-08-16 | 2022-08-15 | Method for manufacturing tool |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117794672A (en) |
-
2022
- 2022-08-15 CN CN202280054713.9A patent/CN117794672A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US10156010B2 (en) | Coated cutting tool and method for producing the same | |
| US7540403B2 (en) | Controlled thermal expansion of welds to enhance toughness | |
| US11224921B2 (en) | Coated cutting tool | |
| JP2006316309A (en) | High wear resistant tough steel having excellent fatigue strength | |
| JP2020525301A (en) | Methods and systems for improving the surface fracture toughness of brittle materials, and cutting tools made by such methods | |
| Kang et al. | Investigation of EDM characteristics of nickel-based heat resistant alloy | |
| JPH0480110B2 (en) | ||
| CN105817836B (en) | Large ship engine exhaust valve and its manufacturing method | |
| WO2021167087A1 (en) | Coated tool | |
| CN117794672A (en) | Method for manufacturing tool | |
| EP1072691B1 (en) | Tool steel with excellent workability, machinability and heat treatment characteristics, and die using same | |
| CN116600928A (en) | Tool for cutting tools | |
| CN117545571A (en) | Cutting tool | |
| EP4176996A1 (en) | Method of making a tool | |
| KR100834535B1 (en) | Method for manufacturing high hardness and high toughness of hot-work tool steels | |
| JP6146030B2 (en) | Mold repair welding material | |
| WO2023020986A1 (en) | Method of making a tool | |
| JP6520518B2 (en) | Mold repair welding material | |
| CN104325061B (en) | The nickel-base alloy hammering block of a kind of side of forging band steel | |
| US20240173787A1 (en) | Tool and manufacturing method of it | |
| CN117120209A (en) | Tool and method for manufacturing the same | |
| Mulc et al. | Impact toughness of welds deposited on H13 hot work tool steel | |
| JP2951108B2 (en) | Thermal spray coating formation method | |
| Abdi et al. | The Effect of Welding Parameters on the Room and High Temperature Tribological Behavior of the Weld Overlaid Die | |
| WO2024099997A1 (en) | Cutting tool |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication |