CN117771604A - Broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent and application thereof - Google Patents

Broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117771604A
CN117771604A CN202311683217.2A CN202311683217A CN117771604A CN 117771604 A CN117771604 A CN 117771604A CN 202311683217 A CN202311683217 A CN 202311683217A CN 117771604 A CN117771604 A CN 117771604A
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China
Prior art keywords
decontaminating agent
liquid
powder
parts
decontaminating
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CN202311683217.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
袁必和
谈哲哲
朱渝
张英
陈先锋
丁清泉
齐聪睿
岳文静
张广毅
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Priority to CN202311683217.2A priority Critical patent/CN117771604A/en
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Abstract

The invention discloses a broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent and application thereof, comprising 25-30 parts of liquid decontaminating agent and 3-5 parts of powder decontaminating agent; the liquid decontaminating agent is sodium bicarbonate water solution with the weight percent of 1-3; the powder decontaminating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of aluminum chloride modified activated carbon and 50-60 parts of sodium polyacrylate; the liquid decontaminating agent and the powder decontaminating agent are used in a combined mode, the specific components are determined, the liquid decontaminating agent can quickly and efficiently reduce the volatilization concentration of hazardous chemicals and neutralize hazardous chemicals liquid, and the leaked typical hazardous chemicals are subjected to essential treatment; the powder decontaminating agent can rapidly solidify leaked liquid to prevent the leaked liquid from continuously flowing and diffusing, and can effectively prevent the secondary volatilization of hazardous chemical liquid, the final reaction product is gel-like, the gel-like substance is good in state and moderate in viscosity, and the broad spectrum and the safety of the hazardous chemical decontaminating agent are improved.

Description

Broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of emergency treatment of dangerous chemical leakage, in particular to a broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type dangerous chemical decontaminating agent and application thereof.
Background
Typical dangerous chemicals such as ammonia water, hydrochloric acid, methanol and the like are widely applied to places such as industry, universities, laboratories and the like, once leakage is light, events such as corrosion, poison, environmental pollution and the like are caused, and disaster accidents such as combustion, explosion and the like are caused, so that emergency treatment and control on typical dangerous chemical leakage are needed to be carried out at the first time so as to avoid damage and pollution in a larger range.
At present, for the leakage accident of typical dangerous chemicals, people generally choose a single physical method (plugging leakage, emergency adsorption, collection and transportation) or a chemical method (acid-base neutralization, emergency decontamination and dilution treatment) and other traditional means to carry out accident emergency treatment. The method has single object of decontamination, is difficult to degrade, and causes the risk of secondary accidents due to excessive use of chemical reagents.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a broad spectrum, readily degradable, composite hazard decontamination agent without the risk of secondary accidents.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the application provides a broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent and application thereof, which are used for solving the problem of how to improve the broad-spectrum property and the safety of the hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the application provides a broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent, which comprises 25-30 parts of liquid decontaminating agent and 3-5 parts of powder decontaminating agent; the liquid decontaminating agent is sodium bicarbonate water solution with the weight percent of 1-3; the powder decontaminating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of aluminum chloride modified activated carbon and 50-60 parts of sodium polyacrylate.
Preferably, the preparation method of the aluminum chloride modified activated carbon comprises the following steps: immersing the activated carbon in an aluminum chloride solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, and then centrifuging, drying and grinding to obtain the aluminum chloride modified activated carbon.
Preferably, the concentration of the aluminum chloride solution is 20-30%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the activated carbon to the aluminum chloride is 1:1-1.2.
Preferably, when the object to be decontaminated is ammonia water and/or methanol, the broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent comprises 30 parts of liquid decontamination agent and 5 parts of powder decontamination agent; the liquid decontaminating agent is 3wt% sodium bicarbonate water solution; the powder decontaminating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of aluminum chloride modified activated carbon and 60 parts of sodium polyacrylate.
Preferably, when the decontamination object is hydrochloric acid, the broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent comprises 25 parts of liquid decontaminating agent and 5 parts of powder decontaminating agent; the liquid decontaminating agent is 1wt% sodium bicarbonate water solution; the powder decontaminating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of aluminum chloride modified activated carbon and 60 parts of sodium polyacrylate.
In a second aspect, the present application provides the use of a broad spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontamination agent.
Preferably, the application method is that the liquid decontaminating agent and the powder decontaminating agent are sprayed into the decontaminating object at the same time.
Preferably, the decontaminating objects comprise one or more of ammonia water, methanol and hydrochloric acid.
The beneficial effects of this application are as follows:
the broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent has broad spectrum and universality, and can cope with the treatment of most common typical hazardous chemical substance leakage accidents, such as typical hazardous chemical substances of ammonia water, hydrochloric acid, methanol and the like;
the broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent is simple and efficient to operate, powder-liquid two-phase decontaminating agent is purposefully sprayed on the leaked hazardous chemical substance liquid according to the types and leakage amount of leakage substances in simulated actual treatment, so that the liquid can be solidified and no longer flows and diffuses, secondary pollution is avoided, and the safety is high;
the components of the scheme are simple and easy to prepare, the components of the powder decontaminating agent mainly comprise natural substances and industrial raw materials, the powder decontaminating agent is environment-friendly, nontoxic and harmless, the prepared powder decontaminating agent belongs to the environment-friendly decontaminating agent, the preparation process does not need special processing, and quantitative proportioning can be carried out according to actual requirements; the prepared liquid decontaminating agent has stable property and easy storage, and can be prepared on site according to the requirement.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The application provides a broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent, which comprises 25-30 parts of liquid decontaminating agent and 3-5 parts of powder decontaminating agent; the liquid decontaminating agent is sodium bicarbonate water solution with the weight percent of 1-3; the powder decontaminating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of aluminum chloride modified activated carbon and 50-60 parts of sodium polyacrylate.
When a single liquid decontaminating agent is used for decontaminating dangerous chemical leakage, dangerous sources cannot be cured in time, the leakage area continues to be enlarged, and the potential danger of larger pollution scope is caused, and the powder decontaminating agent is used singly and is mainly subjected to neutralization, burial, incineration and other treatments after adsorption treatment. The treatment method has complicated steps, does not essentially treat typical hazardous chemical leakage, and causes environmental pollution in the subsequent treatment methods such as incineration, burial and the like. In the application, the liquid decontaminating agent and the powder decontaminating agent are used in a combined way, the specific components are determined, the liquid decontaminating agent can quickly and efficiently reduce the volatilization concentration of hazardous chemicals and neutralize the hazardous chemicals liquid, and the leaked typical hazardous chemicals are subjected to the essential treatment; the powder decontaminating agent can rapidly solidify leakage liquid to prevent the leakage liquid from continuously flowing and diffusing, and can effectively prevent secondary volatilization of hazardous chemical liquid, so that a final reaction product is gel-like, and the gel-like substance is good in state, is not easy to desorb and is moderate in viscosity, thereby being convenient for subsequent transportation treatment of an accident site.
The preparation method of the aluminum chloride modified activated carbon comprises the following steps: immersing the activated carbon in an aluminum chloride solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, and then centrifuging, drying and grinding to obtain the aluminum chloride modified activated carbon. The activated carbon realizes the combination of the adsorbent activated carbon and aluminum chloride, and when the activated carbon is decontaminated, aluminum chloride reacts in the activated carbon modified by aluminum chloride to generate a gelatinous substance of aluminum hydroxide, the activated carbon realizes the adsorption of decontaminated objects, and meanwhile, the activated carbon modified by aluminum chloride also has the effect of solidifying leakage liquid, prevents the secondary volatilization and diffusion of the activated carbon, and improves the safety.
The aluminum chloride modified activated carbon and sodium bicarbonate have wide action objects, so that the broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent has broad spectrum, and the sodium polyacrylate is used as a gel curing agent.
In some embodiments, the concentration of the aluminum chloride solution is 20-30%; preferably, the concentration of the aluminum chloride solution is 20%.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of activated carbon to aluminum chloride is 1:1-1.2; preferably, the mass ratio of the activated carbon to the aluminum chloride is 1:1.
The broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent has wide decontamination object range: when the decontamination object is ammonia water and/or methanol, the broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent comprises 30 parts of liquid decontaminating agent and 5 parts of powder decontaminating agent; the liquid decontaminating agent is 3wt% sodium bicarbonate water solution; the powder decontaminating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of aluminum chloride modified activated carbon and 60 parts of sodium polyacrylate; when the decontamination object is hydrochloric acid, the broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent comprises 25 parts of liquid decontaminating agent and 5 parts of powder decontaminating agent; the liquid decontaminating agent is 1wt% sodium bicarbonate water solution; the powder decontaminating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of aluminum chloride modified activated carbon and 60 parts of sodium polyacrylate.
The application provides application of a broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent.
The broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical decontaminating agent is applied by spraying liquid decontaminating agent and powder decontaminating agent into decontaminating object at the same time, and then preparing.
The decontamination object of the broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent comprises one or more of ammonia water, methanol and hydrochloric acid.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Preparation of raw materials
Aluminum chloride modified activated carbon: an aqueous solution of 20% strength aluminum chloride was prepared according to 1:1 with active carbon material, soaking for 2h, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 15min, centrifuging the solution to obtain solid-liquid separation substances, extracting the solid substances, weighing and recording, then carrying out drying treatment, and grinding the dried materials into powder with the particle size of 10-20 mu m.
Example 1
A broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent comprises 30g of liquid decontaminating agent and 5g of powder decontaminating agent; the liquid decontaminating agent is 3wt% sodium bicarbonate water solution; the powder decontaminating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of aluminum chloride modified activated carbon and 60 parts of sodium polyacrylate.
Example 2
A broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontaminating agent is the same as in example 1 except that the liquid decontaminating agent is a 1wt% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution.
Example 3
A broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontaminating agent is the same as in example 1 except that it comprises 30g of liquid decontaminating agent and 3g of powder decontaminating agent.
Example 4
A broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontaminating agent is the same as in example 2 except that it comprises 30g of liquid decontaminating agent and 3g of powder decontaminating agent.
Comparative examples 1 to 4
A hazardous chemical decontaminating agent was the same as in example 1 except that the liquid decontaminating agent was pure water, 5wt% of an OP-10 aqueous solution, 10wt% of an OP-10 aqueous solution, and 3wt% of an aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate, respectively.
Comparative example 5
A hazardous chemical decontaminating agent was the same as in example 1, except that it was 35g of 3wt% aqueous sodium bicarbonate.
Comparative example 6
A hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent comprises 35g of liquid decontaminating agent, wherein the liquid decontaminating agent is pure water solution.
Comparative example 7
A hazardous chemical decontaminating agent was the same as in example 1, except that the aluminum chloride-modified activated carbon was changed to the ferric chloride-modified activated carbon.
Evaluation test
The hazardous chemical decontamination agents prepared in the examples and the comparative examples were sprayed in ammonia water at a mass ratio of 1:3, and after 10min, the residual amount of ammonia water was measured, and the decontamination rate was calculated, and the results are shown in table 1.
The testing method comprises the following steps: the concentration in the box body is monitored in real time by utilizing a gas detector; decontamination rate = (concentration change value/initial concentration) ×100%.
TABLE 1 Ammonia water decontamination rate test results
The results show that the sum of the decontamination rate of comparative example 5 and the decontamination rate of comparative example 1 is smaller than that of comparative example 6 in example 1 by taking comparative example 6 as a control, which shows that sodium bicarbonate and aluminum chloride modified activated carbon have synergistic effect on decontamination of ammonia water.
The hazardous chemical decontaminating agent prepared in the examples and comparative examples was prepared according to 1:3 was sprayed into methanol, and after 10min, the residual amount of methanol was measured, and the decontamination rate was calculated, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 methanol decontamination rate test results
Project Decontamination rate (%)
Example 1 86.8
Example 2 82
Example 3 74.8
Example 4 75.1
Comparative example 1 81.6
Comparative example 2 66.7
Comparative example 3 48
Comparative example 4 47.7
Comparative example 5 65.9
The result shows that when the ratio of the liquid decontaminating agent to the powder decontaminating agent is changed, the liquid decontaminating agent has better decontaminating effect; when the liquid decontaminating agent is replaced, the decontaminating rate is lower than that of the hazardous chemical decontaminating agent, and the hazardous chemical decontaminating agent has a good decontaminating effect on methanol.
The hazardous chemical decontamination agents prepared in the examples and the comparative examples were sprayed into brine at a mass ratio of 1:4, and after 10 minutes, the residual amount of hydrochloric acid was measured, and the decontamination rate was calculated, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 results of hydrochloric acid digestion rate test
Project Decontamination rate (%)
Example 1 94.1
Example 2 97.3
Example 4 88.6
Example 3 91.5
Comparative example 5 72.9
Comparative example 6 68.2%
The result shows that the hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent also has better decontaminating effect on hydrochloric acid, which is far greater than the effect of independently using the liquid decontaminating agent.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent is characterized by comprising 25-30 parts of liquid decontaminating agent and 3-5 parts of powder decontaminating agent; the liquid decontaminating agent is sodium bicarbonate water solution with the weight percent of 1-3; the powder decontaminating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of aluminum chloride modified activated carbon and 50-60 parts of sodium polyacrylate.
2. The broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the aluminum chloride modified activated carbon is as follows: immersing the activated carbon in an aluminum chloride solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, and then centrifuging, drying and grinding to obtain the aluminum chloride modified activated carbon.
3. The broad spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical decontaminating agent according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of the aluminum chloride solution is 20-30%.
4. The broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the activated carbon to the aluminum chloride is 1:1-1.2.
5. The broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical decontaminating agent according to claim 1, wherein when the decontaminating object is ammonia water and/or methanol, the broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical decontaminating agent comprises 30 parts of liquid decontaminating agent and 5 parts of powder decontaminating agent; the liquid decontaminating agent is 3wt% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution; the powder decontaminating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of aluminum chloride modified activated carbon and 60 parts of sodium polyacrylate.
6. The broad spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical decontaminating agent according to claim 1, wherein when the decontaminating object is hydrochloric acid, the broad spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical decontaminating agent comprises 25 parts of liquid decontaminating agent and 5 parts of powder decontaminating agent; the liquid decontaminating agent is 1wt% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution; the powder decontaminating agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of aluminum chloride modified activated carbon and 60 parts of sodium polyacrylate.
7. Use of a broad spectrum powder-liquid composite hazardous chemical decontaminating agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that the liquid and powder decontaminating agents are sprayed simultaneously into the decontaminating object.
9. The use according to claim 7, wherein the decontaminating object comprises one or more of ammonia, methanol, hydrochloric acid.
CN202311683217.2A 2023-12-09 2023-12-09 Broad-spectrum powder-liquid composite type hazardous chemical substance decontaminating agent and application thereof Pending CN117771604A (en)

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