CN117758135A - Wear-resistant steel ball and production process thereof - Google Patents
Wear-resistant steel ball and production process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117758135A CN117758135A CN202311712223.6A CN202311712223A CN117758135A CN 117758135 A CN117758135 A CN 117758135A CN 202311712223 A CN202311712223 A CN 202311712223A CN 117758135 A CN117758135 A CN 117758135A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 53
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001037 White iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001349 ledeburite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of wear-resistant materials, and particularly discloses a wear-resistant steel ball and a production process thereof. Wherein, the wear-resistant steel ball comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 3.0 to 3.2 percent of C, 11 to 26 percent of Cr, 0.3 to 1.2 percent of Si, 1.2 to 2.6 percent of Mn, 0 to 1.5 percent of Ni and less than or equal to 0.1 percent of PS is less than or equal to 0.1%, cu is 0-2.0%, and the balance is iron and unavoidable impurities. The method adjusts the content of each element in the raw material of the wear-resistant steel ball and regulates the production process so that the highest surface hardness, core hardness and impact toughness of the obtained steel ball are respectively 62.7HRC, 60.8HRC and 4.8J/cm 2 The fatigue life is more than 18000 times, and the alloy has higher hardness, impact toughness and fatigue life.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of wear-resistant materials, in particular to a wear-resistant steel ball and a production process thereof.
Background
The wear-resistant steel ball is widely used in industries such as metallurgy, mineral separation, coal, cement, chemical industry and the like, the annual global consumption of the grinding ball is about 500-600 ten thousand tons, and the demand is gradually increased.
The cast grinding balls produced and formed by the casting process mainly prepare the wear-resistant steel balls with different performances and sizes by controlling the content and types of alloy elements in casting materials, a forming die and other conditions, the chromium cast iron is the most common grinding ball material, the chromium cast iron can be divided into low-chromium cast iron, medium-chromium cast iron and high-chromium cast iron according to the content of chromium, the chromium content of the low-chromium cast iron is between 0.5 and 2.5 percent, the chromium content of the medium-chromium cast iron is between 3.0 and 7.0 percent, the chromium content of the high-chromium cast iron is more than or equal to 10.0 percent, and the wear resistance of the low-carbon steel balls and the low-medium-chromium cast iron grinding balls is several times that of the low-carbon steel balls, but the breaking rate is higher. The high-chromium cast iron contains a large amount of high-hardness primary and eutectic carbides, has low crushing rate and good corrosion resistance, but has the defect of insufficient toughness, so that the application range of the high-chromium cast iron in the industrial field is limited.
In the related art, precious metal elements such as yttrium are doped into steel ball components, but the cost is increased, and the actual requirements are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the impact toughness of the wear-resistant steel ball is improved, and the wear-resistant steel ball and the production process thereof are provided.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a wear-resistant steel ball, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the wear-resistant steel ball comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 3.0 to 3.2 percent of C, 11 to 26 percent of Cr, 0.3 to 1.2 percent of Si, 1.2 to 2.6 percent of Mn, 0 to 1.5 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of S, 0 to 2.0 percent of Cu, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities.
The wear-resistant steel ball comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 3.0-3.2% of C, 11-26% of Cr, 0.3-1.2% of Si, 1.2-2.6% of Mn, 0-1.5% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.1% of P, less than or equal to 0.1% of S, 0-2.0% of Cu, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities, wherein any value in each range can be selected, and the impact toughness of the wear-resistant steel ball can be improved.
Each chemical element in the wear-resistant steel ball plays the following roles:
carbon element (C): carbon is the most core and most basic chemical element in the high chromium cast iron grinding ball. The carbon element and the iron element are combined to form cementite, and the cementite or the ledeburite component is precipitated in the matrix to form the wear-resistant component in the matrix. The carbon element is solid-dissolved in the matrix in a mode of an interstitial solid solution, so that the hardness and impact toughness of the matrix are improved.
Chromium element (Cr): chromium is the most core and most basic chemical element in high chromium cast iron grinding balls. Chromium contributes to the improvement of hardness, toughness and hardenability of cast iron. During eutectic solidification, the chromium in the alloy is mostly consumed in the carbide, so that the chromium concentration in the carbide is higher than in the austenite. In white cast iron, the eutectic temperature gradually increases as the chromium content increases. In addition, the chromium content also affects the size and shape of the eutectic carbide. Increasing the chromium content prevents the formation of graphite and also helps to increase the number of carbides. In the process, the carbide amount is changed by adjusting the carbon content, and in actual production, chromium is generally reasonably matched with carbon to achieve the aim of improving the hardness and toughness of the grinding ball.
Carbon and chromium elements, carbon is the most core and most basic chemical element in the high-chromium cast iron grinding ball, the carbide quantity can be adjusted by changing the content of C, and higher C content can form more carbide and even primary carbide, which can improve the wear resistance and reduce the toughness. In order to increase the hardness, wear resistance and impact toughness to the maximum extent, a certain amount of chromium must be added for compounding. Carbide type and Cr/C in the high-chromium cast iron grinding ball are in proper proportion, so that M 3 C carbide (840-1100)HV) toward M 7 The higher the hardness and toughness of the high chromium cast iron grinding balls, the transition of C-carbide (1300-1800 HV). However, M 3 The increase of C is to follow a certain principle, namely, the carbon content is kept within a certain range, if the carbon content is too low, carbide is reduced, the wear resistance is also deteriorated, the hardness and the wear resistance of the high-chromium cast iron grinding ball are improved by increasing the carbon content, but when the carbon content is higher than a certain value, the heat cracking resistance and the spalling resistance of the material are reduced, and the wear resistance of the material is further reduced. By changing M 3 The relative content of C can obtain the required carbide type and matrix structure.
Elemental silicon (Si): silicon is a non-carbide forming element that is primarily soluble in the matrix. Silicon can influence the form of carbide, so that the carbide is isolated, equiaxed and refined. Pearlite is easily generated when the silicon content in cast iron is too high, so that the initial property is reduced, and peeling is easily generated in the abrasion process. In addition, the addition of silicon is beneficial to deoxidizing and increasing the fluidity of molten iron during smelting. Elemental silicon affects the structure of the high chromium cast iron grinding balls in several ways. In the eutectic reaction process during solidification, the increase of the silicon content promotes the diffusion of chromium elements into carbides more, increases the precipitation amount of eutectic carbides, and reduces the carbon content in austenite. In addition, the silicon can reduce the size of a solid-liquid two-phase region, so that eutectic carbide is thinned and dispersed in austenite more, and the solid solution of silicon in austenite can play a solid solution strengthening role, so that the performance of a matrix is improved.
Manganese element (Mn): manganese is a relatively inexpensive solid solution element, usually present in substitution solid solution, and Mn has the effect of stabilizing austenite. In the high-chromium cast iron grinding ball, manganese is one of the common elements, and cannot influence the structure and carbide in the high-chromium cast iron grinding ball alone, but manganese is a strong austenite forming element, so that the size of primary and eutectic austenite phases can be thinned, and the solubility of carbon and chromium elements in austenite can be increased, thereby inhibiting pearlite formation, improving the stability of austenite and improving the hardenability of a matrix.
Nickel element (Ni): nickel expands the austenite phase region and is an alloying element that stabilizes austenite. Nickel additionCan reduce M S A, the matrix is made of austenite and martensite or other austenite decomposition products are not easy to form. However, when the nickel content is too high, supercooled austenite is difficult to avoid in the tissue, and meanwhile, the addition of nickel can also obviously improve the oxidation resistance of the high-chromium cast iron grinding ball.
As preferable: the steel ball comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 3.0 to 3.2 percent of C, 16 to 22 percent of Cr, 0.3 to 1.2 percent of Si, 1.2 to 2.6 percent of Mn, 0 to 1.5 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of S, 0 to 2.0 percent of Cu, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities. The balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.
The steel ball comprises, by weight, 3.0-3.2% of C, 16-22% of Cr, 0.3-1.2% of Si, 1.2-2.6% of Mn, 0-1.5% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.1% of P, less than or equal to 0.1% of S, 0-2.0% of Cu, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities. The balance of iron and unavoidable impurities, and any value in each range can be selected, so that the impact toughness of the wear-resistant steel ball can be improved.
As preferable: the steel ball comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 3.0 to 3.2 percent of C, 16 to 22 percent of Cr, 0.3 to 1.2 percent of Si, 1.2 to 2.6 percent of Mn, 0 to 1.5 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of S, 0 to 2.0 percent of Cu, 1.5 to 3.0 percent of Mo, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities.
By adopting the technical scheme, the molybdenum element (Mo) is added into the high-chromium cast iron grinding ball, so that the performance of the material can be improved. Molybdenum can effectively delay pearlite transformation, but the transformation temperature of martensite is rarely affected, so that more residual austenite is obtained, and the impact toughness of the high-chromium cast iron grinding ball is improved. In addition, when the molybdenum content reaches a certain degree, the matrix can be fully hardened by air cooling. Since molybdenum element is a strong carbide forming element, mo is extremely easy to form with carbon 2 C carbide with hardness of 1800-2200HV, compared with M 7 C 3 Harder, but their smaller size and wide distribution in eutectic structures can significantly improve the wear resistance of the high chromium cast iron grinding balls.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a process for producing the wear-resistant steel ball.
A production process of a wear-resistant steel ball comprises the following steps:
s1, proportioning: the raw materials are proportioned according to the components;
s2, electric furnace smelting: under the vacuum and argon conditions, heating the materials prepared in the step S1 to 1500-1800 ℃ to melt all the materials into molten iron, and stopping heating;
s3, pouring and forming: cooling the molten iron obtained in the step S2 to 1100-1500 ℃, and casting into a die to obtain a casting ball;
s4, cooling: and (3) cooling the casting ball obtained in the step (S3) to 20-25 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme, in S1, the raw materials are proportioned according to the components under the conditions of vacuum and argon, so that the content of gas and impurities can be reduced, the proportioned materials are heated to 1500-1800 ℃ to melt the substances into molten iron, and then the heating is stopped; and then cooling the molten iron to 1100-1500 ℃, so that the molten steel has better fluidity when in pouring molding, is favorable for filling a mold, can obtain good crystal structure and physical properties in the solidification process, and then cooling the casting ball by water, wherein the temperature of the steel ball can be quickly reduced by cooling by water, the deformation of the steel ball or the non-uniformity of the internal structure caused by overheating can be prevented, and the wear-resistant steel ball can be obtained by cooling to 20-25 ℃.
As preferable: the step of cooling to 1100-1500 ℃ in the S3 pouring molding further comprises a heat preservation step; the heat preservation time is 60-120s.
By adopting the technical scheme, the temperature of molten iron is regulated to be 1100-1500 ℃ and then is kept for 60-120 seconds, so that the temperature of the molten steel is uniform and stable, the high-chromium wear-resistant steel material achieves better fluidity, the molten high-chromium wear-resistant steel material can be fully mixed and achieve uniform temperature distribution, the quality and consistency of casting molding can be improved, the gas and impurities in the molten steel can be removed, and the toughness and strength of the wear-resistant steel ball can be improved.
As preferable: the S4 cooling step further comprises a heat preservation step; the heat preservation step is as follows: when the casting ball is cooled down to 800-920 ℃ from 1100-1500 ℃ by water cooling, the temperature is kept for 50-70min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the temperature is reduced to 800-920 ℃ by water cooling, so that martensite in a cast ball structure is increased, a structure is thinned, and the structure in the steel ball can be fully regulated and stabilized after heat preservation for 50-70min, thereby improving the toughness and strength of the wear-resistant steel ball.
As preferable: the water cooling step of the heat treatment step further comprises an air cooling step.
By adopting the technical scheme, the casting ball is cooled by water and then cooled by air, so that nearly spherical carbide can be promoted to be formed, carbon atoms are redistributed, the size and quantity of the carbide are reduced, small-size particles are separated out, the structure of the casting ball can be more uniform, and the residual stress of the inside of the material caused by rapid cooling in the quenching process can be relieved, so that the toughness of the material is improved.
As preferable: the air cooling step is as follows: cooling the cast ball to 400-600deg.C in flowing air of 20-25deg.C, maintaining the temperature for 50-70min, and naturally cooling to 20-25deg.C.
By adopting the technical scheme, the air cooling is adjusted to 400-600 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 50-70min, so that the structure of the cast ball can be further uniform, the residual stress in the material is further reduced, and the toughness of the material is improved.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) The method obtains the steel ball surface hardness, the steel ball core hardness and the impact toughness of the wear-resistant steel ball respectively of 61.2-61.7HRC, 59.5-60.0HRC and 3.4-3.9J/cm by adjusting the chemical component types and chemical components of the wear-resistant steel ball 2 The hardness and impact resistance toughness of the steel ball are improved.
(2) The casting and cooling steps in the production process of the wear-resistant steel ball are regulated, so that the surface hardness of the steel ball, the core hardness and the impact toughness of the obtained wear-resistant steel ball are respectively 62.0-62.7HRC, 60.2-60.8HRC and 4.2-4.8J/cm 2 Further improving the hardness and impact toughness of the steel ball.
Therefore, the content of each element in the raw material of the wear-resistant steel ball is regulated, so that Cr/C is in a proper proportion, and molybdenum element is added, and the content of each element is regulated simultaneouslyThe production process is controlled so that the surface hardness, the core hardness and the impact toughness of the obtained steel ball are respectively 62.7HRC, 60.8HRC and 4.8J/cm to the highest extent 2 And the fatigue life is more than 18000 times, and the hardness and toughness are improved to different degrees.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a production process provided herein.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below in connection with specific examples.
The following raw materials are all commercial products, and are fully disclosed in the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the sources of the raw materials.
The raw materials of each element of the steel ball comprise carbon blocks, monocrystalline silicon blocks, manganese sheets, chromium blocks and molybdenum bars, and the balance is iron blocks with the purity of 99.9 percent;
examples
The following will take the steel ball with the diameter of 10mm as an example
Example 1
The steel ball of example 1 is produced by the following production process:
s1, proportioning: according to the chemical compositions in Table 1, the raw materials are mixed according to the compositions;
s2, electric furnace smelting: vacuumizing to make the vacuum degree reach 10 -2 Pa, argon is injected, the materials prepared in the step S1 are heated to 1650 ℃ to melt all the materials into molten iron, and then heating is stopped;
s3, pouring and forming: cooling the molten iron obtained in the step S2 to 1100 ℃, and casting into a die to obtain a casting ball;
s4, cooling: and (3) cooling the casting ball obtained in the step (S3) to 25 ℃ by water to obtain the wear-resistant steel ball.
Example 2
The steel ball of example 2 is produced by the following production process:
s1, proportioning: according to the chemical compositions in Table 1, the raw materials are mixed according to the compositions;
s2, electric furnace smelting: vacuumizing to make the vacuum degree reach 10 -2 Pa, and filling argon gas, and preparing S1Heating to 1650 ℃ to melt all substances into molten iron, and stopping heating;
s3, pouring and forming: cooling the molten iron obtained in the step S2 to 1300 ℃, and casting into a die to obtain a casting ball;
s4, cooling: and (3) cooling the casting ball obtained in the step (S3) to 25 ℃ by water to obtain the wear-resistant steel ball.
Example 3
The steel ball of example 3 was prepared by the following production process:
s1, proportioning: according to the chemical compositions in Table 1, the raw materials are mixed according to the compositions;
s2, electric furnace smelting: vacuumizing to make the vacuum degree reach 10 -2 Pa, argon is injected, the materials prepared in the step S1 are heated to 1650 ℃ to melt all the materials into molten iron, and then heating is stopped;
s3, pouring and forming: cooling the molten iron obtained in the step S2 to 1500 ℃, and casting into a die to obtain a casting ball;
s4, cooling: and (3) cooling the casting ball obtained in the step (S3) to 20 ℃ by water to obtain the wear-resistant steel ball.
Examples 4 to 7
The steel balls of examples 4-7 were produced in the same manner as in example 2, except that the chemical composition of the raw materials was different, as shown in Table 1 in detail.
TABLE 1 weight percent chemical composition (%)
Examples 8 to 9
The chemical composition and production process of the steel ball of the embodiment 8 are the same as those of the embodiment 6, except that the steel ball further comprises a heat preservation step after the step of reducing the temperature to 1300 ℃ in the S3 pouring molding in the production process; the heat preservation time is respectively 60s and 120s.
Example 10
The chemical composition and production process of the steel ball of example 10 are the same as those of example 8, except that the heat is preserved for 70min when the temperature is reduced to 800 ℃ by water cooling in S4 cooling in the production process, namely the S4 cooling step is specifically as follows: and (3) cooling the casting ball obtained in the step (S3) to 800 ℃ by water cooling, preserving the heat for 70 minutes, and then cooling to 25 ℃ by water cooling.
Example 11
The chemical composition and production process of the steel ball of example 11 are the same as those of example 8, except that the heat is preserved for 50min when the temperature is reduced to 920 ℃ by water cooling in S4 cooling in the production process, namely the S4 cooling step specifically comprises: and (3) cooling the casting ball obtained in the step (S3) to 920 ℃ by water cooling, preserving heat for 50min, and then cooling to 25 ℃ by water cooling.
Example 12
The steel ball of example 12 has the same chemical composition and production process as in example 11, except that in the production process, after cooling and heat preservation of S4, air cooling is performed, i.e., the step of S4 cooling specifically comprises: and (3) cooling the casting ball obtained in the step (S3) to 920 ℃ by water cooling, preserving heat for 50min, cooling the casting ball to 400 ℃ in flowing air at 25 ℃, preserving heat for 70min, and naturally cooling to 25 ℃.
Example 13
The steel ball of example 13 has the same chemical composition and production process as in example 11, except that in the production process, after cooling and heat preservation of S4, air cooling is performed, i.e., the step of S4 cooling specifically comprises: and (3) cooling the casting ball obtained in the step (S3) to 920 ℃ by water cooling, preserving heat for 50min, cooling the casting ball to 600 ℃ in flowing air at 25 ℃, preserving heat for 50min, and naturally cooling to 25 ℃.
Comparative example
Comparative examples 1 to 2
The steel balls of comparative examples 1-2 were produced in the same manner as in example 1, except that the chemical components of the raw materials were different, as shown in Table 2 in detail.
Table 2 comparative example 1-2 Steel ball gives weight percent chemical composition (%)
Performance detection
The abrasion-resistant cast iron ball is adopted in GB/T17445.1-2010, part 1: performance the performance of the wear resistant steel balls obtained in examples 1-13 and comparative examples 1-2, respectively, was examined, and the results of the examination are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 results of testing the properties of different wear resistant steel balls
The detection results in Table 3 show that the highest surface hardness, core hardness and impact toughness of the wear-resistant steel ball obtained by the method are 62.7HRC, 60.8HRC and 4.8J/cm respectively 2 The fatigue life is more than 18000 times, and the alloy has higher hardness, impact toughness and fatigue life.
The wear-resistant steel balls obtained in examples 1-5 have fatigue life longer than 18000 times, and the steel balls in examples 4-5 have surface hardness, core hardness and impact toughness of 61.4-61.5HRC, 59.8HRC and 3.5J/cm, respectively 2 All are higher than those of the examples 1-3, which shows that when the steel balls comprise the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 3.0-3.2% of C, 16-22% of Cr, 0.3-1.2% of Si, 1.2-2.6% of Mn, 0-1.5% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.1% of P, less than or equal to 0.1% of S, 0-2.0% of Cu, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities, and the hardness and impact resistance toughness of the steel ball are improved.
The fatigue life of the wear-resistant steel balls obtained in examples 2 and 6-7 is more than 18000 times, and the surface hardness, the core hardness and the impact toughness of the steel balls in examples 6-7 are 61.6-61.7HRC, 59.9-60.0HRC and 3.8-3.9J/cm respectively 2 All are higher than those of the example 3, which shows that when the steel balls have the following chemical compositions in percentage by weight: 3.0-3.2% of C, 16-22% of Cr, 0.3-1.2% of Si, 1.2-2.6% of Mn, 0-1.5% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.1% of P, less than or equal to 0.1% of S, 0-2.0% of Cu, 0-3.0% of Mo, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities, and the hardness and impact resistance toughness of the steel ball are improved.
The wear-resistant steel balls obtained in examples 6 and 8-9 have fatigue life longer than 18000 times, and the steel balls in examples 8-9 have surface hardness, core hardness and impact toughness of 62.0-62.1HRC, 60.1-60.2HRC and 4.2-4.3J/cm, respectively 2 Compared with the embodiment 6, the steel ball is suitable for heat preservation for 60-120S after being cooled to 1100-1500 ℃ in S3 pouring molding, the hardness and impact toughness of the steel ball are improved, and the steel ball is possibly related to heat preservation for 60-120S after adjusting the temperature of molten iron to 1100-1500 ℃ so as to ensure the temperature uniformity and stability of the molten steel.
The fatigue life of the wear-resistant steel balls obtained in examples 8 and 10-11 is more than 18000 times, and the surface hardness, the core hardness and the impact toughness of the steel balls in examples 10-11 are 62.2-62.3HRC, 60.4-60.6HRC and 4.4J/cm respectively 2 Compared with the embodiment 8, the heat preservation is proper when the cast ball is cooled from 1100-1500 ℃ to 800-920 ℃ in the cooling of S4, the hardness and impact toughness of the steel ball are improved, and the heat preservation is possibly related to refining and stabilizing the structure of the cast ball by adjusting the water cooling of the cast ball from 1100-1500 ℃ to 800-920 ℃ in the cooling of S4.
The fatigue life of the wear-resistant steel balls obtained in examples 11 and 12-13 is more than 18000 times, and the surface hardness, the core hardness and the impact toughness of the steel balls in examples 12-13 are respectively 62.5-62.7HRC, 60.7-60.8HRC and 4.6-4.8J/cm 2 Compared with the embodiment 11, the method is higher than the embodiment 11, and shows that when the water cooling and temperature reducing and preserving step in the S4 cooling is followed by the air cooling step, and the air cooling step is adjusted to cool the casting ball to 400-600 ℃ in flowing air with the temperature of 20-25 ℃, the temperature is preserved for 50-70min, and then the casting ball is naturally cooled to 20-25 ℃ to be more proper, so that the hardness and impact resistance toughness of the steel ball are improved, and the method possibly comprises the air cooling step after the water cooling step for adjusting the heat treatment step of the casting ball; the casting ball is cooled to 400-600 ℃ in flowing air at 20-25 ℃, kept for 50-70min, and naturally cooled to 20-25 ℃ to reduce the residual stress in the material.
In addition, by combining the index data of the wear-resistant steel balls in comparative examples 1-2 and example 1, the content of each element is regulated in the raw materials, cr/C is in a proper proportion, molybdenum element is added, and meanwhile, the production process is regulated, so that the hardness and toughness of the obtained wear-resistant steel balls are improved to different degrees.
The present embodiment is merely illustrative of the present application and is not intended to be limiting, and those skilled in the art, after having read the present specification, may make modifications to the present embodiment without creative contribution as required, but is protected by patent laws within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The wear-resistant steel ball is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 3.0 to 3.2 percent of C, 11 to 26 percent of Cr, 0.3 to 1.2 percent of Si, 1.2 to 2.6 percent of Mn, 0 to 1.5 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of S, 0 to 2.0 percent of Cu, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities.
2. The wear resistant steel ball of claim 1, wherein the steel ball comprises the following chemical components in weight percent: 3.0 to 3.2 percent of C, 16 to 22 percent of Cr, 0.3 to 1.2 percent of Si, 1.2 to 2.6 percent of Mn, 0 to 1.5 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of S, 0 to 2.0 percent of Cu, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities.
3. The wear resistant steel ball of claim 2, wherein the steel ball comprises the following chemical components in weight percent: 3.0 to 3.2 percent of C, 16 to 22 percent of Cr, 0.3 to 1.2 percent of Si, 1.2 to 2.6 percent of Mn, 0 to 1.5 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of S, 0 to 2.0 percent of Cu, 1.5 to 3.0 percent of Mo, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities.
4. A process for producing a wear resistant steel ball as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
s1, proportioning: the raw materials are proportioned according to the components;
s2, electric furnace smelting: under the vacuum and argon conditions, heating the materials prepared in the step S1 to 1500-1800 ℃ to melt all the materials into molten iron, and stopping heating;
s3, pouring and forming: cooling the molten iron obtained in the step S2 to 1100-1500 ℃, and casting into a die to obtain a casting ball;
s4, cooling: and (3) cooling the casting ball obtained in the step (S3) to 20-25 ℃.
5. The production process of the wear-resistant steel ball according to claim 4, wherein the step of reducing the temperature to 1100-1500 ℃ in the S3 pouring molding further comprises a heat preservation step; the heat preservation time is 60-120s.
6. The process for producing the wear-resistant steel ball according to claim 4, wherein the step of S4 cooling further comprises a step of heat preservation; the heat preservation step is as follows: when the casting ball is cooled down to 800-920 ℃ from 1100-1500 ℃ by water cooling, the temperature is kept for 50-70min.
7. The process for producing the wear-resistant steel ball according to claim 6, further comprising an air cooling step after the heat preservation step.
8. The process for producing a wear resistant steel ball according to claim 7, wherein said air cooling step is: cooling the cast ball to 400-600deg.C in flowing air of 20-25deg.C, maintaining the temperature for 50-70min, and naturally cooling to 20-25deg.C.
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