CN117754242A - Processing method of weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part - Google Patents

Processing method of weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117754242A
CN117754242A CN202410030289.5A CN202410030289A CN117754242A CN 117754242 A CN117754242 A CN 117754242A CN 202410030289 A CN202410030289 A CN 202410030289A CN 117754242 A CN117754242 A CN 117754242A
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China
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blank
cavity
processing
wall
milling
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CN202410030289.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
赵华旗
杨景
周晓波
张颖
贾红广
李泊威
张斌
文亚东
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Xian Electronic Engineering Research Institute
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Xian Electronic Engineering Research Institute
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Priority to CN202410030289.5A priority Critical patent/CN117754242A/en
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of part processing, in particular to a method for processing a part with a weak rigidity thin-wall cavity, which comprises the following steps: manufacturing a target part blank, processing a cavity on the target part blank, processing a first round hole, carrying out wax filling treatment on the cavity, sequentially processing the outer wall surface in the width direction and the surface where the material adding blank is located, carrying out comprehensive layering rough milling on the outer wall surface, carrying out finish milling, processing an assembly hole to obtain a target part, and cutting off the material adding part on the target part to obtain the thin-wall cavity part. The method enhances the rigidity and the processing stress intensity of the workpiece, eliminates the adverse factors of vibration caused by the cutting force of the cutter, and provides reliable guarantee for subsequent processing and clamping.

Description

Processing method of weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of part machining, in particular to a method for machining a part with a weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity.
Background
Currently, product processing technology has been developed toward multiple axis, high speed, compound, 3D printing, electrode, laser, and the like diversification. The processing of a high-quality part is completed, and the processing technology is the core of the processing technology and is a key factor of the success and failure of the processing of the part.
At present, when the thin-wall part shown in fig. 1 is processed, the outline dimensions of the side cover of the thin-wall part are as follows: the height is 95mm, the width is 94mm, the thickness is 70.5mm, the structure is a hexagonal thin-wall part with two large openings, and the wall thickness at the periphery is 1-1.5 mm; the steel plate is manufactured by adopting a 2A12 T4 aluminum plate, the milling direction is 101mm in height, 100mm in width, 76.5mm in thickness before processing, the mass is 1.9409kg, and the mass required by the design after processing is 0.105kg.
That is, in the case of processing such thin-walled parts as shown in fig. 7 to 10, it is necessary to remove much material, so that the strength of the parts during processing is low and the rigidity is poor, and thus the clamping of the parts during processing is also very difficult.
Accordingly, there is a need to provide a method of machining a thin-walled cavity part with low rigidity to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a processing method of a weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part, which solves the problem that the processing and clamping of the thin-wall part in the existing processing process are difficult by combining a material adding process and a wax filling process.
The processing method of the weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part adopts the following technical scheme: comprising the following steps:
acquiring the size of a material adding blank according to the size of the part blank, acquiring an actual part blank after material adding according to the size of the material adding blank, and carrying out finish machining on the actual part blank to obtain a target part blank;
processing a cavity on the target part blank, and processing a first round hole on a wall surface between an orifice of the cavity and the outer surface of the target part blank;
carrying out wax filling treatment on the cavity, clamping the surface of the material adding blank, carrying out first layered milling on the outer wall surface which is not clamped, milling the surface of the material adding blank, and processing a second round hole;
carrying out comprehensive layering rough milling on the outer wall surface, carrying out finish milling, and processing an assembly hole to obtain a target piece;
and cutting off the material adding part on the target piece to obtain the thin-wall cavity part.
Preferably, the processing chamber comprises:
rough milling is carried out on the target part blank to obtain an initial cavity, and a machining allowance of 0.3mm is reserved on the inner side wall of the initial cavity;
performing corner cleaning treatment on the initial cavity, and reserving machining allowance of 0.35mm on the inner side wall of the initial cavity;
and carrying out layered milling on the initial cavity to obtain a cavity, wherein the thickness of each layer of milling is 5mm.
Preferably, when the assembly hole is machined, machining is sequentially performed in two layers in the radial direction and the axial direction of the surface where the assembly hole is located.
Preferably, the wax filling treatment comprises: and filling the cavity processed on the target part blank with the wax liquid until the wax liquid is cooled.
Preferably, when the outer wall surface in the width direction and the surface where the gob is located are subjected to layered milling, the milling depth of each layer is 0.4mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the blank is increased on the thickness direction surface of the part blank to obtain a target part blank, wherein the height and the width of the target part blank are the same as those of the part blank.
Preferably, when the material adding part on the target piece is cut off, the target piece is clamped by adopting a mode of pressing three points by a pressing plate.
Preferably, when finish milling is performed in place, the finish milling process ensures that the thickness of the face where the assembly holes are located is 1.5mm and the thickness of the side wall of the part is 1mm.
Preferably, when the first round hole and the second round hole are machined, spot holes are drilled first, and then drilling is carried out.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the method has the advantages that when the thin-wall parts are machined, the material adding process and the wax filling process are combined, namely the material adding process is arranged on the part blank in the direction of one opening surface of the part to be machined, so that the stress intensity of the workpiece is enhanced, the follow-up machining and clamping are facilitated, then the wax filling treatment is carried out in a cavity formed after the machining, the rigidity and the machining stress intensity of the workpiece are enhanced, the adverse factors of vibration caused by the cutting force of a cutter are eliminated, and the reliable guarantee is provided for the follow-up machining and clamping.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of processing a weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a target part blank in an embodiment of a method of processing a weakly rigid thin-walled cavity part according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part processed in step S3 of the processing method of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure obtained after the step S3 of the processing method of the weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part is processed and waxed;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure obtained after processing in step S3 of the processing method de for the weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a target member obtained after processing in step S4 of the processing method of a thin-walled cavity part with weak rigidity according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a side cover obtained by processing a weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part by the processing method of the invention;
fig. 8 is a front view of the side cover in the present embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view at A-A of FIG. 8;
fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view at B-B in fig. 9.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a part blank; 2. adding a blank; 3. a cavity; 4. a wax body; 11. a first round hole; 12. a fitting hole; 21. and a second round hole.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
An embodiment of a method for processing a weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, includes:
s1, obtaining a target part blank;
specifically, the thin-walled parts shown in fig. 7 to 10 of the present embodiment are manufactured as required, and the external dimensions thereof are as follows: the dimensions of the part blank 1 are 101mm in height, 100mm in width and 76.5mm in thickness according to the machining process, and the dimension of the blank 2 is obtained according to the dimension of the part blank 1, in order to enhance the stress intensity of the workpiece, the embodiment facilitates the subsequent machining and clamping, as shown in fig. 2, the blank 2 is added in the thickness direction of the part blank 1, i.e. the dimension height and width of the blank 2 are correspondingly the same as the height and width dimensions of the part blank 1, and the thickness dimension of the blank 2 is 10mm, according to the size of the blank 2 and the size of the blank 1, the size of the actual blank is obtained after the blank is added, in this embodiment, the blank is added in the thickness direction, that is, the size of the actual blank is 101mm in height, 100mm in width, 86.5mm in thickness, the raw material is prepared to manufacture the actual blank with the height of 101mm, 100mm in width, 86.5mm in thickness, the actual blank is as shown in fig. 2, and the target blank with the height of 95mm, 94mm in width and 80.5mm in thickness is obtained.
S2, machining a cavity on the target part blank, and machining a first round hole;
specifically, the target part blank is clamped, the cavity 3 is machined on the target part blank, and the first round hole 11 is machined on the wall between the cavity opening of the cavity 3 and the outer surface of the part blank.
Wherein, the loading of the target part blank is specifically as follows: during machining, a target part blank is clamped through flat tongs, namely, the flat tongs are clamped on two corresponding surfaces in the width direction of the target part blank, and the flat tongs are also called vices for machines, are universal clamps and are commonly used for installing small-sized workpieces, are random accessories of milling machines and drilling machines, are fixed on a machine tool workbench and are used for clamping the workpieces for cutting machining, and when the flat tongs are used, a spanner is used for rotating a lever, and a movable tongs body is driven to move through a screw nut to clamp and loosen the workpieces, wherein the clamped workpieces have size requirements, and the sizes of the clamped workpieces are required to be ensured not to exceed 70 mm.
Wherein, processing cavity 3 specifically is: as shown in fig. 3, the cavity 3 is formed by machining one surface of the target part blank in the height direction, namely, rough milling the target part blank to obtain an initial cavity, and a machining allowance of 0.3mm is reserved on the inner side wall of the initial cavity; the initial cavity is subjected to corner cleaning treatment, and a machining allowance of 0.35mm is reserved on the inner side wall of the initial cavity 3; as shown in fig. 3, the initial cavity 3 is subjected to layered milling to obtain a cavity 3, wherein the thickness of each layer of milling is 5mm, specifically, in the embodiment, an end mill with the diameter of 16mm is adopted to roughly mill the cavity 3, the size of the cavity 3 is 86mm×76mm×78.5mm, the allowance of a side wall is 0.3mm, and during processing, the spindle rotation speed of the end mill with the diameter of 16mm is 12000r/min, the cutting depth is 0.8mm, and the feeding speed is 1800r/min; and then, firstly performing corner cleaning treatment by using an end milling cutter with the diameter of 10mm, reserving machining allowance of 0.35mm on the side wall, and finally, milling the outline of the cavity 3 in a layering manner, wherein the milling thickness of each layer is 5mm, so that the size of the cavity 3 is ensured.
Wherein, the processing of the first round hole 11 is specifically: as shown in fig. 3 and 10, a hole is drilled on the wall surface (the surface of the target part blank in the height direction) between the cavity opening of the cavity 3 and the outer surface of the part blank by using a center drill with a diameter of 2mm, then a drill with a diameter of 2.3mm is replaced to perform punching processing for processing first round holes 11 distributed on the wall between the cavity 3 and the outer surface of the part blank, the diameter of the first round holes 11 is 3.5mm, 4 holes are total in number of the first round holes 11, the hole depth of the first round holes 11 is greater than or equal to 1.5, 1.5 is taken in this embodiment, wherein the spindle rotation speed of the center drill with a diameter of 2mm is 3000r/min, the cutting depth is 1mm, the feeding speed is 120r/min, the spindle rotation speed of the drill with a diameter of 2.3mm is 1600r/min, the cutting depth is 1.5mm, and the feeding speed is 80r/min.
S3, wax filling treatment is carried out on the cavity, and the outer wall surface in the width direction and the surface where the material-increasing blank is located are sequentially processed;
specifically, wax filling treatment is performed in a cavity 3 processed on a target part blank, a wax body 4 is formed in the cavity 3, so that the wax body 4 forms a support for the cavity 3, the surface of a material adding blank 2 of the target part blank is clamped, then the outer wall surface in the width direction is subjected to layered washing and cutting, the washed outer wall surface is clamped, the surface of the material adding blank 2 on the target part blank is subjected to layered milling, and a second round hole 21 is processed on the surface (marked as a material adding surface) of the milled material adding blank 2.
In order to enhance the rigidity and the processing stress intensity of the processed target part blank after the cavity 3, eliminate the adverse factors of vibration caused by the cutting force of the cutter, and improve the reliability guarantee for the subsequent processing and clamping, the embodiment performs wax filling treatment, namely, the cavity 3 processed on the target part blank is filled with the wax liquid, as shown in fig. 4, until the wax liquid is cooled to form a wax body 4, the wax body 4 supports the cavity 3, and further enhances the rigidity and the processing stress intensity of the processed target part blank after the cavity 3 is processed.
The method comprises the steps of clamping a waxed target part blank by using a flat tongs, namely clamping a group of outer wall surfaces corresponding to the width direction on the target part blank, milling the two unfixed outer wall surfaces by using an end milling cutter with the diameter of 6mm, wherein the milling depth of each cutter is 0.4mm, washing and cutting 7.5mm in total on each outer wall surface, clamping the clamp on the corresponding wall surface after washing and cutting, washing and cutting the material-increasing surface by using a milling cutter with the diameter of 6mm, wherein the cutting depth is 0.4mm, the feeding speed is 3000R/min, the height dimension 94.5mm, the radius R of a fillet is 10mm, the washing and cutting depth is 11.5mm, then, drilling a point hole on the material-increasing surface by using a center drill with the diameter of 2mm, and replacing a drill bit with the center drill bit with the diameter of 2.3mm, and finishing the drilling of a second round hole 21, wherein the hole depth of the second round hole 21 is larger than or equal to 11.5, the main shaft rotation speed of the center drill with the diameter of 2.3mm, the main shaft rotation speed of 3000R/min, the cutting speed of the main shaft of 1.80R/min, and the feeding speed of the main shaft of 1.80R/min, and the cutting speed of the main shaft of 1.80R/min are guaranteed.
S4, carrying out comprehensive layering rough milling on the outer wall surface, carrying out finish milling, and processing an assembly hole to obtain a target piece;
wherein, comprehensive layering rough milling specifically is: the end mill with the diameter of 6mm is used for comprehensive layering rough milling, the depth of each cutter is 0.4mm, the blank 2 faces the side wall of the assembly hole 12, the outer peripheral surface of the assembly hole 12 and the bottom surface (the surface where the assembly hole 12 is positioned) of the target part blank, and the allowance is 0.2mm. An end mill with a diameter of 6mm is used for layered rough milling, and each cutter has a depth of 0.4mm.
The finish milling step specifically comprises the following steps: in the finish milling process, the finish milling material-increasing blank 2 faces the side wall of the assembly hole 12, the wall thickness is required to be ensured to be 1.5mm in the process of the outer peripheral surface of the assembly hole 12 and the bottom surface of the target part blank, and when a round hole at the top is processed, as shown in fig. 6 and 8, a cylinder with the diameter of 25.4mm plus (0-0.02) mm is firstly processed, the distance between the center of the cylinder and the boundary of the side wall of the part is 41 plus or minus 0.015mm, and the distance between the center of the cylinder and the surface of the part, which is far away from the material-increasing surface, is 24.5 plus or minus 0.015mm.
When the assembly hole 12 at the top end of the thin-wall part is machined, as shown in fig. 9, the assembly hole is machined by taking the center of a cylinder as a hole center, the diameter of the assembly hole is guaranteed to be in the range of 19mm+ (0-0.02) mm, the assembly hole on the outer wall of the round hole is machined by using a T-shaped cutter with the diameter of 10mm, the assembly hole is radially machined and then axially machined in sequence in a layering mode, wherein the spindle rotation speed of the T-shaped cutter is 2000r/min, the cutting depth is 1mm, and the feeding speed is 200r/min, and the target part shown in fig. 6 is obtained.
S5, cutting off the material adding part on the target piece to obtain the thin-wall cavity part.
Specifically, the target piece to be completed is taken out from the flat tongs clamping, then the target piece is clamped by adopting a pressing plate three-point pressing mode, then the material adding part 3 with the thickness of 10mm on one side of the target piece is cut off by adopting a linear cutting machine, and the processing of the thin-wall part can be completed, and the thin-wall part (side cover in the embodiment) shown in fig. 7 is obtained.
Further comprises: and detecting the flatness of the thin-wall part: the flatness of the side cover is measured by using a meter-beating measuring method, the side cover and the micrometer are placed on a standard flat plate, one side surface of the side cover is selected as a measuring surface, the standard flat plate is used as a measuring reference surface, the micrometer is used for measuring along a plurality of straight line directions of the measuring surface, and the detection results are shown in the following table 1; then, the diameter of the inner top end and the diameter of the inner bottom end of the round hole at the top of the side cover 1 are measured by a vernier caliper, and the measurement results are shown in the following table 1; next, the height of the center of the top circular hole of the side cover 1 from the rear wall boundary and the distance between the center and the side wall boundary were measured by a measuring scale, and the measurement results are shown in table 1 below, and table 1 is a detection item and result:
TABLE 1
The data in the table can be directly obtained, and the surface flatness of the side cover manufactured by adopting the processing method provided by the invention, the diameter of the round hole at the top of the side cover and the position of the round hole are all in the specified range, so that the parts processed by adopting the method provided by the invention can meet the design requirements, and the problems of poor rigidity, high precision, clamping and weight of the thin-wall weak rigid part in the processing process can be successfully solved by flexibly applying the material-increasing processing technology and the wax-filling processing technology to the invention, thereby providing references for the subsequent processing of the part of the type and having higher practicability.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. The processing method of the weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring the size of a material adding blank according to the size of the part blank, acquiring an actual part blank after material adding according to the size of the material adding blank, and carrying out finish machining on the actual part blank to obtain a target part blank;
processing a cavity on the target part blank, and processing a first round hole on a wall surface between an orifice of the cavity and the outer surface of the target part blank;
carrying out wax filling treatment on the cavity, sequentially carrying out layered milling on the outer wall surface in the width direction and the surface of the material adding blank, and then processing a second round hole on the surface of the material adding blank; clamping the surface of the material adding blank, and performing first layered milling on the outer wall surface which is not clamped;
carrying out comprehensive layering rough milling on the outer wall surface, carrying out finish milling, and processing an assembly hole to obtain a target piece;
and cutting off the material adding part on the target piece to obtain the thin-wall cavity part.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein machining the cavity comprises:
rough milling is carried out on the target part blank to obtain an initial cavity, and a machining allowance of 0.3mm is reserved on the inner side wall of the initial cavity;
performing corner cleaning treatment on the initial cavity, and reserving machining allowance of 0.35mm on the inner side wall of the initial cavity;
and carrying out layered milling on the initial cavity to obtain the cavity, wherein the thickness of each layer of milling is 5mm.
3. The method for machining a weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part according to claim 1, wherein when the assembly hole is machined, machining is sequentially performed in two layers in the radial direction and the axial direction of the surface where the assembly hole is located.
4. The method for processing a weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part according to claim 1, wherein the wax filling treatment comprises: and filling the cavity processed on the target part blank with the wax liquid until the wax liquid is cooled.
5. The method for machining a weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part according to claim 1, wherein when layered milling is performed on the outer wall surface in the width direction and the surface where the blank is located, the milling depth of each layer is 0.4mm.
6. The method for processing the part with the weak rigidity and thin-wall cavity according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the blank is increased on the thickness direction surface of the blank to obtain a target blank, and the height and the width of the target blank are the same as those of the blank.
7. The method for machining a weakly-rigid thin-wall cavity part according to claim 1, wherein the target part is clamped by means of three-point pressing by a pressing plate when the material adding part on the target part is cut off.
8. The method for machining a weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part according to claim 1, wherein the finish milling process ensures that the thickness of the surface where the assembly holes are located is 1.5mm and the thickness of the side wall of the part is 1mm when finish milling is performed in place.
9. The method for machining a weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part according to claim 1, wherein the first round hole and the second round hole are drilled after spot drilling is performed.
CN202410030289.5A 2024-01-09 2024-01-09 Processing method of weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part Pending CN117754242A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202410030289.5A CN117754242A (en) 2024-01-09 2024-01-09 Processing method of weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202410030289.5A CN117754242A (en) 2024-01-09 2024-01-09 Processing method of weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN117754242A true CN117754242A (en) 2024-03-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202410030289.5A Pending CN117754242A (en) 2024-01-09 2024-01-09 Processing method of weak-rigidity thin-wall cavity part

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