CN109732283B - Machining method of large thin-wall workpiece - Google Patents
Machining method of large thin-wall workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- CN109732283B CN109732283B CN201910025792.0A CN201910025792A CN109732283B CN 109732283 B CN109732283 B CN 109732283B CN 201910025792 A CN201910025792 A CN 201910025792A CN 109732283 B CN109732283 B CN 109732283B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method of a large-scale thin-wall workpiece, which belongs to the field of machining and comprises the following steps: step 1: fixing the workpiece on a workbench by using an A-side flange of the large-sized thin-wall workpiece; step 2: turning the inner wall of a large thin-wall workpiece, wherein the middle position inside the large thin-wall workpiece is turned into a straight platform, and a tapered inner wall is arranged above the straight platform; and step 3: turning over the large thin-wall workpiece, and fixing the workpiece on a workbench by using a B-side flange of the large thin-wall workpiece in the same manner as the step 1; and 4, step 4: and (3) lathing the inner wall of the large thin-wall workpiece, wherein the inner wall of the large thin-wall workpiece is lathed to be a tapered inner wall and is superposed with the inner wall in the step (2).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machining, in particular to a machining method of a large thin-wall workpiece.
Background
The thin-wall workpiece is processed, and is especially used for a thin-wall complex cavity with large aperture, high dimensional accuracy and heavy structure, and the processing difficulty is very high due to the structural limitation. The machining allowance is large, the requirement for coordination of the appearance is high, and the relative rigidity is low, so the machining manufacturability is poor, and practice shows that three outstanding problems exist in the machining process of the thin-wall workpiece: machining vibration, local cutter relieving deformation and overall machining deformation.
The scheme aims at the workpiece with the characteristics of long length, large diameter, complex structural profile structure, large change of curvature of arc line according to a special rule, thin wall thickness and the like, as shown in the figure, the workpiece comprises two A, B flange surfaces, a tapered inner wall and a workpiece on an outer side wall, the machining precision requirement is high, the diameter size precision requirement is high, in order to meet the requirements, technicians adopt a conservative multi-step cutting machining mode with small cutting amount, a series of technical problems of equipment configuration, machining parameters, cutter chattering, polishing, size control and the like are solved, and the machining quality and the machining efficiency are always not guaranteed.
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention designs and manufactures a processing method of a large-sized thin-wall workpiece by combining years of design and use experience in the related field and assisting with over-strong professional knowledge, so as to overcome the defects.
Disclosure of Invention
For the problems in the prior art, the machining method for the large-sized thin-wall workpiece provided by the invention can avoid machining vibration, local cutter back-off deformation and overall machining deformation, and simultaneously ensures the machining efficiency and the machining quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a processing method of a large thin-wall workpiece comprises the following steps:
step 1: fixing the workpiece on a workbench by using an A-side flange of the large-sized thin-wall workpiece;
step 2: turning the inner wall of a large thin-wall workpiece, wherein the middle position inside the large thin-wall workpiece is turned into a straight platform, and a tapered inner wall is arranged above the straight platform;
and step 3: turning over the large thin-wall workpiece, and fixing the workpiece on a workbench by using a B-side flange of the large thin-wall workpiece in the same manner as the step 1;
and 4, step 4: and (3) lathing the inner wall of the large thin-wall workpiece, wherein the inner wall of the large thin-wall workpiece is lathed to be a tapered inner wall and is overlapped with the inner wall in the step (2).
Preferably, before step 2, turning the end face of the flange at the side B and reserving allowance to determine the final reference surface of the flange at the side B, when the inner wall of the large thin-wall workpiece is turned, turning the final reference surface of the flange at the side B of the large thin-wall workpiece and the end face of the flange at the side B to be a straight platform, and after step 2, turning the allowance at the end face of the flange at the side B to ensure the position of the final reference surface of the flange at the side B;
before the step 4, turning the end face of the flange on the side A and reserving allowance to determine the final reference surface of the flange on the side A; and (4) turning the inner wall of the large thin-wall workpiece, turning the space between the final reference surface of the flange at the side A of the large thin-wall workpiece and the end surface of the flange at the side A to be a straight platform, and after the step 4, turning the allowance of the end surface of the flange at the side A to ensure the position of the final reference surface of the flange at the side A.
Preferably, the flange end faces on the A side and/or the B side are machined by using an elongated turning tool.
Preferably, after the step 1, fixing a balancing weight on a workbench in advance according to a theoretical calculation numerical value to balance a structure on the outer side wall of the large thin-wall workpiece, reserving machining allowance for trial run of the end face of the flange on the B side and the outer circle of the large thin-wall workpiece, measuring the jumping values of the outer circle and the end face of the flange on the B side, and adjusting the balancing weight;
in step 3, the machining allowance is reserved for trial run of the end face of the flange on the side A and the outer circle of the large thin-wall workpiece, the jump of the outer circle is measured, and the balancing weight is adjusted.
Preferably, the run-out of the outer circle and/or the B-side flange end face is measured by gauging.
Preferably, after the step 2 and the step 4, the special polishing machine is switched, the angle of the polishing sheet is adjusted to be matched with the taper of the inner wall, and the tapered inner wall in the step 2 and the step 4 is polished.
Preferably, at least 3 groups of equal-height blocks are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the A, B side flange of the large thin-wall workpiece in the step 1 and the step 3, and a lever pressing plate is arranged at the upper part of the A, B side flange.
Preferably, the end face and the outer circle run-out of the A, B side flange are required to be less than 0.01 mm.
Preferably, the allowance of the end face of the A, B side flange is 4-10 mm.
Preferably, the machining parameters when the tapered inner wall of the large thin-wall workpiece is turned in the step 2 and the step 4 are as follows: feeding amount: 0.20-0.35mm, rotation speed: 20-30r/min, feed: 0.20-0.30 mm.
Preferably, the polishing parameters are: feeding amount: 1.5-2.5mm, machine tool speed: 20-30r/min, rotation speed of a polishing machine: 2000-3000r/min, extrusion amount: 0.05mm-0.50 mm.
Preferably, when the allowance of the end face of the flange is turned, the flange is turned outwards from the inner hole side of the large thin-wall workpiece.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. in order to avoid machining vibration, the vibration generation is restrained by combining the balancing weight capable of absorbing vibration, the turning parameters are adjusted at the same time, the relation between the cutting depth and the rotating speed of the main shaft is reasonably adjusted, the machining of a cavity with a thin wall, a large caliber and a large caliber change is realized, and the deviation of the machining size is controlled within 0.02 mm.
2. The turning parameters and the polishing parameters are reasonably utilized to complement each other, so that the processing efficiency is improved, the processing quality is ensured, and the roughness of the inner hole of the large-sized thin-wall workpiece is controlled within 0.8 mu m.
3. The invention utilizes the allowance and the straight platform between the end part of the flange and the inside of the large-sized thin-wall workpiece, thereby not only facilitating the formation of reference measurement, but also improving the strength of the workpiece processed in the process.
4. The mode of both ends processing has avoided the cutter vibrations that the cutter arbor overlength arouses to the influence of processing.
5. The equal-height blocks are utilized to support the workpiece pad, the pressing device corresponds to the equal-height blocks, clamping deformation is prevented, and position accuracy is guaranteed.
6. When the flange end face allowance is turned, the flange is turned outwards from the inner hole side of the large thin-wall workpiece, so that burrs are prevented from being left after turning, and a sharp corner is guaranteed to be reserved at the orifice of the flange of the large thin-wall workpiece.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one end turning process of a large thin-walled workpiece;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a large thin-walled workpiece with a polished inner wall at one end;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another end turning process of a large thin-walled workpiece;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the polishing of the inner wall of the other end of a large thin-walled workpiece.
In the figure: 1-equal-height block, 2-support rod, 3-lever press plate, 4-balancing weight, 5-lengthened turning tool, 6-special polishing machine, 7-B side flange final reference surface, 8-B side flange end surface allowance, 9-straight platform, 10-A side flange final reference surface, 11-A side flange end surface allowance, 12-A side flange and 13-B side flange.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A processing method of a large thin-wall workpiece comprises the following steps:
step 1: a side flange 12 of a large thin-wall workpiece is used for fixing the workpiece on a workbench, as shown in fig. 1, 4 groups of equal-height blocks 1 and lever pressing plates 3 are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the side flange 12 of the large thin-wall workpiece in the embodiment, a supporting rod 2 is arranged in the middle of the lever pressing plate 3, the equal-height blocks 1 are used for supporting the workpiece in a cushioning manner, the lever pressing plate 3 corresponds to the equal-height blocks 1, the workpiece is pressed by utilizing the lever action, the clamping deformation is prevented, the position accuracy is ensured, and the lever pressing plate 3 can also adopt a device for fixing a flange, such as a pressing clamp or a magnetic pressing device, which is commonly used;
step 2: turning the inner wall of a large thin-wall workpiece, wherein the middle position inside the large thin-wall workpiece is turned into a straight platform 9, the upper part of the straight platform 9 is turned into the inner wall with the taper, and the optimal turning parameters when the inner wall with the taper is turned are as follows: feeding amount: 0.20-0.35mm, rotation speed: 20-30r/min, feed: 0.20-0.30mm, and the processing can ensure that the roughness of the inner wall is within 1.6 mu m;
and step 3: turning over the large thin-wall workpiece, and fixing the workpiece on a workbench by using a B-side flange 13 of the large thin-wall workpiece in the same manner as the step 1 as shown in FIG. 3;
and 4, step 4: turning the inner wall of the large thin-wall workpiece, wherein the inner wall of the large thin-wall workpiece is turned into a tapered inner wall and is overlapped with the inner wall in the step 4, and the cutting parameters and the final result in the process are the same as those in the step 4;
before step 2, turning the end face of a B-side flange 13 by using a lengthened turning tool and reserving allowance, preferably enabling the end face of the B-side flange 13 to reserve allowance of 4-10mm, simultaneously determining a final reference face 7 of the B-side flange to determine an initial position of an inner wall with taper, turning a straight platform 9 between the final reference face 7 of the B-side flange of the large thin-wall workpiece and the end face of the B-side flange 13 when turning the inner wall of the large thin-wall workpiece, after step 2, turning the allowance 8 of the end face of the B-side flange to ensure the position of the final reference face 7 of the B-side flange, simultaneously controlling the roughness of the end face of the B-side flange 13 to be within 3.2, and keeping a sharp corner at the orifice of the B-side flange 13 of the large thin-wall workpiece;
before step 4, turning the end face of the flange 12 on the side A by using an elongated lathe tool and reserving a margin, wherein the margin is the same as the margin reserved on the end face of the flange 13 on the side B, and determining a final reference surface 10 of the flange on the side A so as to determine the initial position of the inner wall with the taper; and then turning the inner wall of the large thin-wall workpiece, turning a straight platform 9 between the final reference surface 10 of the A-side flange of the large thin-wall workpiece and the end surface of the A-side flange 12, and after the step 4, turning the end surface allowance 11 of the A-side flange to ensure the position of the final reference surface 10 of the A-side flange, wherein the requirement is the same as the requirement for processing the end surface of the B-side flange 13.
After the step 1, fixing a balancing weight 4 on a workbench in advance according to a theoretical calculation numerical value to balance a structure on the outer side wall of the large thin-wall workpiece, reserving machining allowance for trial run of the end face of the flange 13 on the B side and the outer circle of the large thin-wall workpiece, measuring the jumping values of the outer circle and the end face of the flange 13 on the B side by drawing a table, and adjusting the balancing weight 4; in step 3, the end face of the flange 12 on the side A and the outer circle of the large thin-wall workpiece are trial run with machining allowance, the runout of the outer circle is measured by striking a meter, and the balancing weight 4 is adjusted. The two steps require the runout of the end face and the excircle of the flange to be less than 0.01 mm.
After the step 2 and the step 4, the special polishing machine 6 is switched, as shown in fig. 2, the angle of the polishing sheet is adjusted to match with the taper of the inner wall, the tapered inner wall in the step 2 and the step 4 is polished, and at this time, the optimal polishing parameters when the tapered inner wall is polished are as follows: feeding amount: 1.5-2.5mm, machine tool speed: 20-30r/min, rotation speed of a polishing machine: 2000-3000r/min, extrusion amount: 0.05mm-0.50mm, and the processing can ensure that the roughness of the inner wall is within 0.8 mu m;
according to the processing method, the A, B flange end face straight platform 9 structures on two sides are convenient for forming reference measurement, meanwhile, the strength of a processed workpiece in the process is improved, and the deviation of calibers of two ends and the inner side of a final large thin-wall workpiece is ensured to be less than 0.02 mm; meanwhile, the turning parameters and the polishing parameters are reasonably utilized to complement each other, so that the processing efficiency is improved, the processing quality is ensured, and the roughness of the inner hole of the large-sized thin-wall workpiece is controlled within 0.8 mu m.
It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should also be understood that various alterations, modifications and/or variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art after reading the technical content of the present invention, and all such equivalents fall within the protective scope defined by the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A processing method of a large thin-wall workpiece is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: fixing the workpiece on a workbench by using an A-side flange of the large-sized thin-wall workpiece;
step 2: turning the end face of a flange at the side B and reserving allowance, determining the final reference face of the flange at the side B, turning the inner wall of a large thin-wall workpiece, turning the middle position in the large thin-wall workpiece to be a straight platform, turning the tapered inner wall above the straight platform, and turning the final reference face of the flange opening at the side B of the large thin-wall workpiece and the end face of the flange at the side B to be the straight platform;
and step 3: turning off the allowance of the end face of the flange at the side B to ensure the final reference surface position of the flange at the side B, then overturning the large thin-wall workpiece, and fixing the workpiece on a workbench by using the flange at the side B of the large thin-wall workpiece in the same manner as the synchronous step 1;
and 4, step 4: and (2) lathing the end face of the flange at the side A and leaving the allowance, determining the final reference surface of the flange at the side A, lathing the inner wall of the large thin-wall workpiece, lathing the tapered inner wall inside the large thin-wall workpiece, coinciding with the inner wall in the step (2), lathing the gap between the final reference surface of the flange opening at the side A of the large thin-wall workpiece and the end face of the flange at the side A to be a straight platform, and finally lathing the allowance of the end face of the flange at the side A to ensure the position of.
2. The machining method of the large thin-wall workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) machining the end face of the flange on the side A and/or the side B by using a lengthened turning tool.
3. The machining method of the large thin-wall workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the step 1, fixing a balancing weight on a workbench in advance according to a theoretical calculation numerical value to balance a structure on the outer side wall of the large thin-wall workpiece, taking machining allowance to trial run the end face of the flange at the side B and the outer circle of the large thin-wall workpiece, measuring the jumping values of the outer circle and the end face of the flange at the side B, and adjusting the balancing weight;
in step 3, the machining allowance is reserved for trial run of the end face of the flange on the side A and the outer circle of the large thin-wall workpiece, the jump of the outer circle is measured, and the balancing weight is adjusted.
4. The machining method of the large thin-wall workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: and after the step 2 and the step 4, switching the polishing machines, adjusting the angle of the polishing sheet to be matched with the taper of the inner wall, and polishing the tapered inner wall in the step 2 and the step 4.
5. The machining method of the large thin-wall workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: at least 3 groups of equal-height blocks are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the A, B side flange of the large thin-wall workpiece in the steps 1 and 3, and a lever pressing plate is arranged at the upper part of the A, B side flange.
6. The machining method of the large thin-wall workpiece according to claim 3, characterized in that: A. the jumping requirement of the end face and the excircle of the flange at the B side is less than 0.01 mm.
7. The machining method of the large thin-wall workpiece according to claim 2, characterized in that: A. the allowance left on the end face of the flange at the side B is 4-10 mm.
8. The machining method of the large thin-wall workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: the machining parameters when the tapered inner wall of the large thin-wall workpiece is turned in the step 2 and the step 4 are as follows: feeding amount: 0.20-0.35mm, rotation speed: 20-30r/min, feed: 0.20-0.30 mm.
9. The machining method of the large thin-wall workpiece according to claim 4, characterized in that: the polishing parameters were: feeding amount: 1.5-2.5mm, machine tool speed: 20-30r/min, rotation speed of a polishing machine: 2000-3000r/min, extrusion amount: 0.05mm-0.50 mm.
10. The machining method of the large thin-wall workpiece according to claim 2, characterized in that: and when the allowance of the end face of the flange is turned, turning the flange outwards from the inner hole side of the large-sized thin-wall workpiece.
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| CN110253228B (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2020-10-27 | 南京高精船用设备有限公司 | Method for ensuring manufacturing precision of large combined thin-wall box |
| CN114178875B (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2023-03-24 | 香港城市大学深圳研究院 | Machining tool, turning and milling equipment and turning and milling method for aero-engine swirler |
| CN114682815A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-07-01 | 苏州市华盛源机电有限公司 | Large hollow cylinder casing end cover hole drilling system and drilling method |
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| CN104289870B (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2017-01-18 | 安徽应流机电股份有限公司 | Machining process of thin-wall groove milling stainless steel part |
| CN104384876B (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-08-24 | 哈尔滨东安发动机（集团）有限公司 | High class gear manufacture method |
| CN105563183B (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2018-07-20 | 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 | A kind of processing technology for the finishing of thin-wall aluminum alloy cone |
| CN106239195B (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2019-03-08 | 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 | A kind of supporting tool of casing part |
| CN106624664B (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-09-21 | 温州市达安仪表设备有限公司 | A kind of finish forge formula heavy caliber Venturi tube processing technology |
| CN107350500B (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2018-11-02 | 中航飞机起落架有限责任公司 | A kind of method of deep hole processing |
| CN109366237B (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2020-06-02 | 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 | Turning tool |
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Effective date of registration: 20220523 Address after: 276800 99 Rizhao Road, Rizhao Economic and Technological Development Zone, Rizhao City, Shandong Patentee after: SHANDONG HAOMAI HEAVY INDUSTRY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 261500 Haomai Industrial Park, 5655 Kangcheng street, Gaomi Economic Development Zone, Weifang City, Shandong Province Patentee before: HIMILE MECHANICAL MANUFACTURING Co.,Ltd. |