CN117748109A - Millimeter wave phased array antenna unit adopting electromagnetic coupling feed mode - Google Patents
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 75
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 4
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a millimeter wave phased array antenna unit adopting an electromagnetic coupling feed mode, and belongs to the technical field of phased array antennas. The microwave radiation patch comprises a microwave medium substrate, a square radiation patch, a strip radiation patch and a metal floor, wherein the square radiation patch and the strip radiation patch are positioned on the upper surface of the microwave medium substrate, and the metal floor is positioned on the lower surface of the microwave medium substrate; the feed metallization through hole at the feed point penetrates through the microwave dielectric substrate and the strip-shaped radiation patch, the diameter of the feed metallization through hole is larger than that of the feed metal probe, and the feed metal probe directly penetrates through the feed metallization through hole. The feeding metal probe and the feeding metalized through hole are non-contact, electromagnetic energy is fed to the strip-shaped radiation patch in an electromagnetic coupling feeding mode, and the soldering-free feeding mode can reduce the influence of a bonding pad on the performance of an antenna unit, and is good in maintainability and easy to assemble and disassemble; the antenna unit has the advantages of low profile, wide frequency band, wide scanning angle and the like, and is suitable for being applied to a tile type millimeter wave two-dimensional active phased array.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of phased array antennas, and particularly relates to a millimeter wave phased array antenna unit adopting an electromagnetic coupling feed mode, which is suitable for being applied to a tile type millimeter wave two-dimensional active phased array.
Background
In modern electronic equipment, millimeter wave frequency band has the advantages of large available bandwidth resource, good anti-interference capability, strong equipment miniaturization potential, all-weather operation and the like. Therefore, along with the continuous promotion of chip components and technology integration technology, the application range of millimeter wave phased array technology is wider and wider in the fields of radar detection, electronic countermeasure, communication and the like. In particular to a millimeter wave two-dimensional active phased array, which has become an important direction for the research and development of the phased array technical field in recent years by virtue of the advantages of rapid two-dimensional beam scanning, flexible beam forming capability, high transmission rate, spatial resolution and the like. Of course, millimeter wave two-dimensional active phased arrays are difficult to develop, the technical threshold is relatively high, and some problems are unavoidable. For example, in millimeter wave frequency band, the unit interval is small, the integration level is high, the maintainability is poor, the technical implementation is closely related to the process capability, and the selection of a proper integrated architecture is important to improve the reliability and maintainability; the design of the antenna unit is to solve the problems of wide frequency band, wide angle scanning, low cost, easy device integration and the like, and a planar antenna with low profile and easy integration is a preferred form.
The antenna elements are the basic elements that make up the active phased array, and their performance directly determines the overall array performance. The common antenna unit forms of the broadband two-dimensional phased array comprise a horn antenna, a half-wave oscillator, a microstrip yagi antenna, a gradual change slot line antenna and the like. The common horn antenna has high frequency bandwidth and efficiency, but larger size; the bandwidth of the half-wave vibrator is generally not more than 20%, and the section is high; the microstrip yagi antenna has wider beam width but narrow bandwidth; the bandwidth of the gradual change slot line antenna can reach several octaves, and the directional diagram is relatively stable in the whole working bandwidth, but the section is high. In addition, the magneto-electric dipole antenna is an antenna element form which has been used in recent years, and has the advantages of wide band, high gain, wide beam, and the like. The magneto-electric dipole antenna is composed of an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole. The electric dipole is a half-wave vibrator, and the length of the electric dipole is slightly half of the working wavelength; the magnetic dipole behaves as a quarter-wavelength patch antenna. Structurally, electric dipoles and magnetic dipoles are crossed, and E planes and H planes of the electric dipoles and the magnetic dipoles are overlapped in a main plane. If the electric dipole and the magnetic dipole obtain the same-amplitude and same-phase excitation, the magnetic dipole antenna forms a heart-shaped directional diagram on the E plane and the H plane, and the consistency is good. Due to its own structural characteristics, the antenna pattern remains uniform within a certain frequency band with little variation in-band gain.
As an antenna in the form of a microstrip patch, a forced feeding mode is generally adopted for feeding the magneto-electric dipole antenna, namely, a metal probe penetrates through a dielectric substrate and then is connected with a radiation patch, and then the welding quality is improved in a soldering mode. However, such conventional processing inevitably leaves pads at the feeding positions of the radiating patches. In the millimeter wave band, the physical size of an antenna element for a two-dimensional active phased array is small (generally less than 5mm by 5 mm), and the influence of a bonding pad on the performance of the antenna element is not negligible, which can cause the performance of the antenna element to deteriorate or even fail. It can be seen how to improve the feed quality of millimeter wave phased array antenna units is of paramount importance. In addition, the soldering reliably connects the antenna unit with the metal probe, is not easy to disassemble, and reduces the maintainability of the antenna unit to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:
aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a millimeter wave phased array antenna unit adopting an electromagnetic coupling feed mode in order to improve the feed quality and maintainability of the millimeter wave phased array antenna unit.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the millimeter wave phased array antenna unit adopting an electromagnetic coupling feed mode is characterized in that the phased array antenna unit is in a microstrip magneto-electric dipole mode and comprises a microwave dielectric substrate, a feed metal probe, a feed metalized through hole, a radiation patch and a metal floor;
the radiation patch is positioned on the front surface of the microwave dielectric substrate, and the metal floor is positioned on the back surface of the microwave dielectric substrate; the position of the radiation patch is provided with the feed metallization through hole; the feed metal probe passes through the feed metalized through hole to carry out non-contact feed on the radiation patch in an electromagnetic coupling mode.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the diameter of the feed metal probe is smaller than that of the feed metalized through hole, and the feed metal probe and the feed metalized through hole are in physical non-contact, and electromagnetic coupling is carried out on the feed metal probe and the inner wall of the metalized through hole, so that effective feed of the strip-shaped radiation patch is realized.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the radiation patch comprises a square radiation patch and a strip-shaped radiation patch (3), wherein the square radiation patch comprises 2X 2 four metal patches arranged in a mirror image manner, and each metal patch is provided with three grounding metallized through holes penetrating through a microwave medium substrate; the strip-shaped radiation patch is fed in a non-contact mode by a feeding metal probe penetrating through the feeding metal through hole in an electromagnetic coupling mode.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the three grounding metalized through holes are in a group and are arranged in an L shape, so that the square radiation patch is connected with the metal floor.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the diameter of the grounding metallized through holes is 0.3mm, and the spacing is 0.5mm.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the feed metalized through holes penetrate through the microwave dielectric substrate and the strip-shaped radiation patches, so that the inner walls of the metalized holes are connected with the strip-shaped radiation patches.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the diameter of the feed metallization through hole is 0.35mm.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the diameter of the feed metal probe is 0.25mm, and the feed metal probe directly passes through the feed metalized through hole and is 0.1mm higher than the upper surface of the microwave dielectric substrate or the strip-shaped radiation patch.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: and isolating rings with the diameter of 1.0mm are etched at the positions corresponding to the feed metallization through holes on the metal floor.
The tile type millimeter wave two-dimensional active phased array is characterized by comprising M multiplied by M antenna units which are arranged, wherein each antenna unit is connected with a radio frequency channel of an active receiving and transmitting assembly.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a millimeter wave phased array antenna unit adopting an electromagnetic coupling feed mode, which is in a micro-strip magneto-electric dipole mode and comprises a microwave medium substrate, square radiation patches, strip radiation patches and a metal floor. The square radiation patch and the strip radiation patch are positioned on the upper surface of the microwave dielectric substrate, and the metal floor is positioned on the lower surface of the microwave dielectric substrate; the square radiation patch is a 2 multiplied by 2 quaternary array, and penetrates through the microwave medium substrate through the grounding metallized through hole, so that the conduction connection between the square radiation patch and the metal floor is realized; the feed metallization through hole at the feed point penetrates through the microwave dielectric substrate and the strip-shaped radiation patch, the diameter of the feed metallization through hole is larger than that of the feed metal probe, and the feed metal probe directly penetrates through the feed metallization through hole. The feed metal probe and the feed metalized through hole are non-contact, electromagnetic energy is fed to the strip-shaped radiation patch in an electromagnetic coupling feed mode, and forced feed is not needed by adopting a conventional soldering mode. The soldering-free feeding mode can reduce the influence of the bonding pad on the performance of the antenna unit, and has good maintainability and easy disassembly. In addition, the phased array antenna unit disclosed by the invention has the advantages of low profile, wide frequency band, wide scanning angle and the like, and is suitable for being applied to a tile millimeter wave two-dimensional active phased array. Has the following technical effects:
1. the antenna unit adopts a non-contact electromagnetic coupling feed mode, so that the influence of soldering on the electrical performance of the antenna unit is avoided, and the feed quality is improved.
2. The antenna unit can be easily separated from the T/R assembly in structure without removing the bonding pad, improving maintainability of the antenna unit and the T/R assembly.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, like reference numerals being used to refer to like parts throughout the several views.
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional view of a millimeter wave phased array antenna unit according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a cut-away view of a millimeter wave phased array antenna unit according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of a millimeter wave phased array antenna unit in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 4 is a rear view of a millimeter wave phased array antenna unit in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a feed structure of a millimeter wave phased array antenna unit according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a feed structure of a conventional microstrip patch antenna unit as a comparison;
fig. 7 is a 5×5 planar array of millimeter wave phased array antenna elements according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an active standing wave ratio curve of a 5×5 planar array center cell;
fig. 9 is a radiation pattern curve of a 5 x 5 planar array center cell.
In the drawings and written description, reference numerals designate respective components of the invention, and throughout the drawings and written description, like reference numerals designate like components. In particular, the reference numerals in the above figures are explained as follows: the microwave antenna comprises a 1-microwave dielectric substrate, a 2-square radiation patch, a 3-strip radiation patch, a 4-feed metal probe, a 5-feed metallized through hole, a 6-grounding metallized through hole, a 7-metal floor, an 8-isolation ring and a 9-metallized hole inner wall.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
The invention solves the problems as follows:
the millimeter wave phased array antenna unit is based on a magneto-electric dipole antenna form, is designed to adopt a single-layer double-sided copper-clad printed board, and adopts a high-performance domestic microwave medium substrate. Structurally, the antenna unit comprises a microwave dielectric substrate, a square radiation patch, a strip radiation patch and a metal floor. As array elements of a millimeter wave two-dimensional active phased array, each antenna element is connected to a radio frequency channel of an active transceiver component (T/R component). The T/R component is of an airtight packaging structure, and a radio frequency interface between the T/R component and the antenna unit is a metal probe. Therefore, as the microstrip patch antenna, the designed feeding port of the magneto-electric dipole antenna unit can only be at the bottom (bottom feed), and a metal probe penetrates through the microwave dielectric substrate and is connected with the strip-shaped radiation patch, so that the feeding is completed. In order to improve the feed quality and avoid adopting a soldering process, the invention provides a non-contact electromagnetic coupling feed mode on the basis of optimally designing the feed structure of an antenna unit.
Specifically, at the feed point position of the antenna unit, a metallized through hole with the diameter larger than 0.1mm of the metal probe is formed on the microwave dielectric substrate. The inner wall of the through hole is metallized, so that the metallized through hole can be electrically connected with the strip-shaped radiation patch on the upper surface of the microwave medium substrate, and then an isolating ring is reserved at the position corresponding to the feeding point on the lower surface of the microwave medium substrate. Because the diameter of the metal probe is smaller than that of the metallized through hole, the metal probe can directly pass through the metallized through hole and the microwave medium substrate and is 0.1mm higher than the upper surface of the microwave medium substrate. The annular cylindrical resonant cavity is arranged between the metal probe and the inner wall of the metalized through hole, and the annular cylindrical resonant cavity and the metal probe can be used for efficiently coupling electromagnetic energy, so that the energy output by the radio frequency channel of the T/R component through the metal probe is coupled to the inner wall of the metalized through hole, and the strip-shaped radiation patch is further fed. It can be seen that both the metal probe and the metallized through hole are physically non-contact, and the feeding of the strip-shaped radiation patch is completely and indirectly realized by electromagnetic coupling between the metal probe and the inner wall of the metallized through hole.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention will be provided with reference to specific examples.
The embodiment is a millimeter wave phased array antenna unit adopting an electromagnetic coupling feed mode, and the technical requirements to be met or adapted as an array unit are as follows:
a) Operating frequency: ka wave band, bandwidth 4GHz;
b) Array format: a rectangular grid array;
c) Polarization mode: horizontally polarizing;
d) Scanning range: the azimuth plane (E plane) -45 degrees to +45 degrees and the pitching plane (H plane) -30 degrees to +30 degrees are two-dimensionally swept.
According to the operating frequency and scanning range requirements, the spacing of the phased array antenna elements, i.e., the overall dimensions of the antenna elements, is generally determined with reference to the following formulas.
λ min -the highest operating frequency corresponds to the wavelength, (mm);
θ max -maximum electrical scan angle (°).
Therefore, in order to secure a certain design margin, the pitch of the azimuth plane (E plane) of the antenna element is 4.8mm, and the pitch of the elevation plane (H plane) is 5.5mm.
Referring to fig. 1, the phased array antenna unit of the invention is a single-layer double-sided copper-clad plate and structurally comprises a microwave dielectric substrate 1, square radiation patches 2, strip-shaped radiation patches 3 and a metal floor 7. Wherein, the microwave medium substrate 1 is made of RA300B high-performance microwave plates of Ruilong technology, the dielectric constant is 2.94, and the thickness is about 0.8mm; the square radiation patch 2 and the strip radiation patch 3 are positioned on the upper surface of the microwave dielectric substrate 1 and are coated with copper on the top layer; the metal floor 7 is positioned on the lower surface of the microwave dielectric substrate 1 and is coated with copper as a bottom layer. The phased array antenna unit is a magnetic electric dipole in a microstrip form, and the radiator comprises a square radiation patch 2 and a strip radiation patch 3. Further, the external dimensions of the phased array antenna unit were 4.8mm×5.5mm (y direction, x direction).
Referring to fig. 2, the square radiating patch 2 is conductively connected with the metal floor 7 through a grounding metallized through hole 6 with the diameter of 0.3 mm. The strip-shaped radiation patch 3 is fed in a contactless manner by means of electromagnetic coupling by a feed metal probe 4 passing through a feed metallized through hole 5. The diameter of the feed metallization through hole 5 is 0.35mm, and the diameter of the feed metallization through hole is 0.25mm larger than the diameter of the feed metal probe 4, so that the feed metallization through hole 5 can penetrate through the microwave dielectric substrate 1 and the strip-shaped radiation patch 3.
Referring to fig. 3, the square radiation patch 2 includes 2×2 four metal patches arranged in mirror image, and each metal patch has three grounded metallized through holes 6 penetrating the microwave dielectric substrate 1. The ground metallization vias 6 have a diameter of 0.3mm and a pitch of 0.5mm, and the three ground metallization vias 6 are in a group and arranged in an "L" shape such that the square radiating patch 2 is connected to the metal floor 7. The strip-shaped radiation patch 3 is electromagnetically coupled and fed by a feeding metal probe 4, and the two are not in physical contact.
Referring to fig. 4, at the feeding point of the metal floor 7, an isolating ring 8 with a diameter of 1.0mm is etched, so that the inner wall of the feeding metalized through hole 5 is not conducted with the metal floor 7, and the center of the feeding metal probe 4, the feeding metalized through hole 5 and the isolating ring 8 is a point, namely, the centers of the three points are concentric.
Referring to fig. 5, the phased array antenna element feed structure is shown. Specifically, a feed metallization through hole 5 with the diameter of 0.35mm penetrates through the microwave dielectric substrate 1 and the strip-shaped radiation patch 3. The inner wall 9 of the metallized hole is connected to the strip-shaped radiating patch 3, whereas the inner wall 9 of the metallized hole is insulated from the metal floor 7 due to the presence of the spacer ring 8 having a diameter of 1.0 mm. The feed metal probe 4 with the diameter of 0.25mm directly passes through the feed metallization through hole 5 and is 0.1mm higher than the upper surface of the microwave dielectric substrate 1 or the strip-shaped radiation patch 3, and the isolating ring 8 with the diameter of 1.0mm is etched on the metal floor 7. The diameter of the feed metal probe 4 is smaller than that of the feed metalized through hole 5, the feed metal probe 4 and the feed metalized through hole are in physical non-contact, and the feed of the strip-shaped radiation patch 3 is indirectly realized by electromagnetic coupling between the feed metal probe 4 and the metalized hole inner wall 9.
Referring to fig. 6, a feed structure of a conventional microstrip patch antenna element is given by way of comparison. Generally, through holes are arranged on the microwave medium substrate, isolating rings are arranged on the bottom metal floor, and the diameter of the through holes is equal to that of the feed metal probes. The feeding metal probe passes through the through hole and is soldered with the radiation patch on the top layer so as to complete feeding. In the millimeter wave frequency band, the bonding pad has a great influence on the electrical performance of the antenna unit, and the bonding pad is not easy to remove, so that the maintainability of the antenna unit is reduced.
Referring to fig. 7, the phased array antenna units are used as basic array elements to perform array formation, so as to obtain a 5×5 planar two-dimensional array antenna, wherein the spacing between the antenna units is 4.8mm×5.5mm (y direction, x direction). The characteristics of the array of the antenna units can be calculated in a simulation mode by adopting a 5×5 small array, and whether the array is suitable for being used as an array unit of a phased array antenna is further evaluated. Further, as can be seen from the simulation results of fig. 8 and fig. 9, 1) the active standing wave ratio is smaller than 1.8 in the required phase scanning range of azimuth plane (E plane) ±45° and pitch plane (H plane) ±30° when the phased array antenna unit is located in the array in the 33-37 GHz working frequency band, and the active standing wave ratio has good broadband matching performance; 2) The beam shapes of the unit azimuth plane and the pitching plane in the array are gentle at the top and good in symmetry, the beam width of the E plane is larger than 90 degrees, the beam width of the H plane is larger than 70 degrees, no blind spot exists in the direction diagram, and the wide-angle scanning requirement can be met; 3) The antenna element gain is greater than 5dBi in the operating band with medium gain.
In summary, the phased array antenna unit disclosed by the invention has novel feeding mode, has the performances of easy maintenance, low profile, wide frequency band, wide angle scanning and the like, and is suitable for being applied to a tile millimeter wave two-dimensional active phased array.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The millimeter wave phased array antenna unit adopting an electromagnetic coupling feed mode is characterized in that the phased array antenna unit is in a microstrip magneto-electric dipole mode and comprises a microwave dielectric substrate (1), a feed metal probe (4), a feed metalized through hole (5), a radiation patch and a metal floor (7);
the radiation patch is positioned on the front surface of the microwave dielectric substrate (1), and the metal floor (7) is positioned on the back surface of the microwave dielectric substrate (1); the position of the radiation patch is provided with the feed metallization through hole (5); the feed metal probe (4) passes through the feed metalized through hole (5) to carry out non-contact feed on the radiation patch in an electromagnetic coupling mode.
2. A millimeter wave phased array antenna unit employing electromagnetic coupling feeding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the feeding metal probe (4) is smaller than the diameter of the feeding metallized through hole (5), both being physically non-contact, the feeding metal probe (4) being electromagnetically coupled with the inner wall (9) of the metallized hole to effect efficient feeding of the strip-shaped radiating patch (3).
3. The millimeter wave phased array antenna unit adopting the electromagnetic coupling feed mode according to claim 1, characterized in that the radiation patch comprises a square radiation patch (2) and a strip radiation patch (3), the square radiation patch (2) comprises 2 x 2 metal patches arranged in a mirror image manner, and each metal patch is provided with three grounding metallized through holes (6) penetrating through a microwave dielectric substrate (1); the strip-shaped radiation patch (3) is fed in a non-contact mode through electromagnetic coupling by a feeding metal probe (4) penetrating through the feeding metalized through hole (5).
4. A millimeter wave phased array antenna unit employing electromagnetic coupling feeding according to claim 3, characterized in that the three ground metallized through holes (6) are a group of three ground metallized through holes (6) and are arranged in an "L" shape, such that the square radiating patch (2) is connected with the metal floor (7).
5. A millimeter wave phased array antenna unit with electromagnetic coupling feed according to claim 4, characterized in that the diameter of the ground metallized via (6) is 0.3mm and the pitch is 0.5mm.
6. The millimeter wave phased array antenna unit adopting the electromagnetic coupling feed mode according to claim 1, wherein the feed metallized through hole (5) penetrates through the microwave dielectric substrate (1) and the strip-shaped radiation patch (3) so that the inner wall (9) of the metallized hole is connected with the strip-shaped radiation patch (3).
7. A millimeter wave phased array antenna unit with electromagnetic coupling feed as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that the feed metallised via (5) has a diameter of 0.35mm.
8. The millimeter wave phased array antenna unit adopting the electromagnetic coupling feeding mode according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the feeding metal probe (4) is 0.25mm, and the feeding metal probe directly passes through the feeding metalized through hole (5) and is 0.1mm higher than the upper surface of the microwave dielectric substrate (1) or the strip-shaped radiation patch (3).
9. Millimeter wave phased array antenna unit with electromagnetic coupling feed according to claim 1 characterized in that spacer rings (8) with a diameter of 1.0mm are etched on the metal floor (7) at the corresponding positions of the feed metallized through holes (5).
10. A tile millimeter wave two-dimensional active phased array comprising M x M arranged antenna elements according to any one of claims 1 to 9, each antenna element being connected to a radio frequency channel of an active transceiver assembly.
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| CN202311725221.0A CN117748109A (en) | 2023-12-14 | 2023-12-14 | Millimeter wave phased array antenna unit adopting electromagnetic coupling feed mode |
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| CN202311725221.0A CN117748109A (en) | 2023-12-14 | 2023-12-14 | Millimeter wave phased array antenna unit adopting electromagnetic coupling feed mode |
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