CN115693117A - Polarization diversity antenna based on SIW loudspeaker and EBG loading element antenna - Google Patents
Polarization diversity antenna based on SIW loudspeaker and EBG loading element antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave antennas, in particular to a polarization diversity antenna based on an SIW (substrate integrated waveguide) horn and an EBG (electromagnetic band gap) loaded element antenna, which is convenient to process, stable, reliable and small in size, and is characterized by comprising a horizontal polarization port and a vertical polarization port for realizing vertical and horizontal dual polarization diversity functions, wherein the two polarization ports are respectively used for the SIW horn antenna and the EBG loaded printed symmetrical element antenna with an electromagnetic band gap structure, the SIW horn antenna radiates vertical polarized waves, and the printed symmetrical element antenna and the SIW horn antenna are arranged in parallel to radiate horizontal polarized waves; the metal copper foil on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate of the SIW horn antenna is used as a metal reflection floor for printing the symmetrical oscillators, and the EBG structure is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate of the SIW horn antenna, so that the boundary condition of the printed symmetrical oscillators is changed, and the two polarization ports can work normally.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of microwave antennas, in particular to a polarization diversity antenna which is convenient to process, stable, reliable and small in size and is based on a SIW loudspeaker and an EBG loaded dipole antenna.
Background art:
in electronic systems such as radar, communication, telemetry, remote sensing, etc., polarization information of electromagnetic waves is getting more and more attention and is being widely used. Polarization diversity antennas are one of the commonly used types of antennas to achieve polarization sensitivity in electronic systems. The dual-polarized antenna generally adopts vertical and horizontal dual polarization or left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization. For a vertical dual-polarized antenna and a horizontal dual-polarized antenna, two polarization ports can respectively sense two orthogonal or approximately orthogonal polarization components of electromagnetic waves, and the polarization diversity effect is achieved. On aircraft carrier platforms, polarization diversity antennas must have a miniaturized structure due to the limitations of the antenna installation space. When the antenna is installed on the surface of a carrier platform, the polarization diversity antenna needs to have a characteristic of low section, and needs to consider the requirements of reliability, simplicity and the like of the structure under the condition of meeting the indexes of a dual-polarized working mode and electrical performance, so that the design of the polarization diversity antenna with low section, low cost and simple structure has important practical significance.
The invention content is as follows:
aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides the polarization diversity antenna based on the SIW loudspeaker and the EBG loaded dipole antenna, which is suitable for being applied to an aircraft antenna installation platform and saves the installation space.
The invention is achieved by the following measures:
a polarization diversity antenna based on an SIW horn and an EBG loaded dipole antenna is characterized by comprising a horizontal polarization port and a vertical polarization port to realize vertical and horizontal dual polarization diversity functions, wherein the two polarization ports are respectively used for the SIW horn antenna and the EBG loaded printed dipole antenna with an electromagnetic band gap structure, the SIW horn antenna radiates vertical polarization waves, and the printed dipole antenna and the SIW horn antenna are arranged in parallel to radiate horizontal polarization waves; the metal copper foil on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate of the SIW horn antenna is used as a metal reflection floor for printing the symmetrical oscillators, and the EBG structure is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate of the SIW horn antenna, so that the boundary condition of the printed symmetrical oscillators is changed, and the two polarization ports are ensured to work normally;
a SIW horn radiator in the SIW horn antenna is placed on a carrier platform, a dielectric substrate is parallel to the surface of the carrier platform and radiates vertical polarized waves, two rows of metalized vertical conductive via hole arrays are processed and manufactured on the dielectric substrate with metal layers coated on two sides, the two rows of metalized conductive via hole arrays are utilized to simulate a waveguide narrow wall, metal through holes are uniformly distributed in an upper layer of medium and a lower layer of medium to form an SIW resonant cavity, electromagnetic energy can be efficiently transmitted in the SIW resonant cavity, and the distance between the metal through holes on two sides is W 1 The substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna comprises a waveguide structure composed of substrate integrated waveguides and a horn structure composed of metal via holes, upper and lower metal surfaces, wherein the relative dielectric constant epsilon is adopted r FR-4 material of 4.3 as a dielectric substrate, and an antenna having an overall size of W × (L) 1 +L 2 + L) waveguide width of W 1 The caliber width is W 2 The waveguide length and the horn length are (L) respectively 1 +L 2 ) And L, when the period between the metal conductive through holes is small enough, the substrate integrated waveguide structure can be equivalent to a rectangular medium filled waveguide, and the diameter d of the metallized conductive through hole and the punching period p meet the following inequality relation:
d/λ 0 <0.1(1)，d<p<2d (2) wherein λ 0 Is a free space wavelength; waveguide structure for single-mode transmission, width W 1 Equivalent waveguide width W 1 ' the following relationship should be satisfied:
in the formula, h 0 Is the thickness of the dielectric substrate;
the SIW horn antenna adopts a 50 omega coaxial line for feeding, the feeding point is positioned on the central axis of the horn, and the impedance matching between the coaxial line and the antenna is realized by adjusting the distance from the feeding point to the bottom end of the waveguide and the insertion depth of the inner core of the coaxial line, so that the return loss of the antenna is minimized;
calculating formula of equivalent broadside width of SIW:
the EBG loaded printed dipole antenna with the electromagnetic band gap structure is a balun-fed printed dipole antenna horizontal polarization radiator which is used as a polarization port 1, the printed dipole is rectangular, the two dipoles are positioned on the same side of the dielectric substrate, and a gap between the two dipoles is gap; exciting the printed symmetrical vibrator by adopting a coplanar strip line (CPS), and uniformly converting and connecting the CPS and the printed symmetrical vibrator by adopting straight lines; the printed dipole and the SIW dielectric substrate are placed in parallel, and when the upper layer metal copper foil of the SIW dielectric substrate is directly used as a reflecting floor of the horizontal printed dipole, due to the mirror effect of the surface of the metal conductor, when the printed dipole is close to the reflecting floor, the dipole antenna is difficult to radiate effectively; in order to reduce the distance between the horizontal printed oscillator and the SIW dielectric substrate, an EBG structure is loaded above the SIW dielectric substrate, the boundary condition of the printed dielectric substrate is adjusted, the section height of the whole antenna is reduced under the condition of ensuring the radiation performance of the horizontal printed oscillator, and meanwhile, the radiation performance of the SIW horn is not greatly influenced.
The invention adopts mushroom-shaped EBG, adopts an array consisting of a limited number of EBG units, the mushroom-shaped EBG is a metal-dielectric EBG structure, wherein, an upper layer metal copper foil of an SIW dielectric substrate is used as a metal floor of the EBG structure, square metal patches are periodically arranged on the top side of one dielectric substrate, each metal patch is in short circuit connection with a metal grounding plate at the bottom side through a metal cylindrical conductive via hole, the EBG structure can be equivalent to a parallel LC resonance loop, and the impedance of the parallel LC resonance loop is
Wherein L and C are determined by the following formula
In the formula f 0 Is EBG resonance frequency, BW is resonance bandwidth, eta is free space wave impedance with a value of 120 pi, epsilon 0 And mu 0 The dielectric constant and magnetic conductivity of the vacuum are shown, a is the side length of the EBG metal patches, g is the gap width between the metal patches, and epsilon r H is the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate and h is the height of the dielectric substrate.
In the printed dipole antenna loaded with the electromagnetic band gap structure EBG, in order to feed the printed dipole by adopting the microstrip line, a converter from the microstrip line to the CPS from balance to unbalance, namely a balun, is adopted, the balun has the function of impedance transformation at the same time, the input end of the balun is connected with the microstrip line, the microstrip line is connected with the microstrip line of the input port through a continuous straight line gradual change line, and the other arm at the input end of the balun is grounded by adopting a bent line and a metal through hole, so that impedance matching is realized.
In summary, the present invention provides a design scheme of a combined polarization diversity antenna based on a SIW horn and an EBG loaded printed dipole and an antenna structure apparatus, which adopts a combined low-profile structure to implement a horizontal and vertical polarization diversity operating mode. Two polarization ports of the antenna are respectively an SIW (substrate integrated waveguide) horn and a printed dipole radiator, an EBG (electromagnetic band gap) structure is arranged between the SIW horn and the printed dipole, the boundary condition of the dipole is changed, and the low-profile effect of the antenna is further realized. The SIW horn antenna and the printed dipole are arranged in parallel, an EBG structure is loaded between the SIW horn antenna and the printed dipole, the distance between the SIW horn antenna and the printed dipole is effectively reduced, the height of the antenna is reduced, meanwhile, vertical and horizontal polarization diversity effects can be realized through two polarization ports, the polarization isolation degree between the ports is high, and the antenna scheme is suitable for being applied to a dual-polarization low-profile antenna mounting platform, such as an aircraft carrier platform. The polarization diversity antenna scheme designed in the invention has the advantages of simple design, easy processing and realization, low cost and contribution to engineering application. The combined polarization diversity antenna device based on SIW horn and EBG loading printing dipole is suitable for being applied to a dual-polarization radar system, an electronic countermeasure system and a wireless communication system, and has important application value.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention, in which fig. 1 (a) is a perspective view, fig. 1 (b) is a front view, fig. 1 (c) is a rear view, fig. 1 (d) is a left view, fig. 1 (e) is a right view, fig. 1 (f) is a schematic top view, and fig. 1 (g) is a bottom view.
Fig. 2 shows a structure of a SIW horn antenna radiator (polarization port 2), wherein 2 (a) is a perspective view, 2 (b) is a front view, and 2 (c) is a rear view.
Fig. 3 is a structural view of a printed element antenna radiator (polarized port 1), in which fig. 3 (a) is a perspective view, fig. 3 (b) is a front view, and fig. 3 (c) is a rear view.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the EBG, in which 4 (a) is a perspective view, 4 (b) is a front view, and 4 (c) is a bottom view.
Fig. 5 shows an equivalent circuit of the EBG structure, fig. 5 (a) shows a side view of the EBG structure, and fig. 5 (b) shows an equivalent LC resonance circuit.
Fig. 6 shows the circuit characteristic simulation results of the antenna port, where fig. 6 (a) shows the VSWR of port 1, fig. 6 (b) shows the VSWR of port 2, and fig. 6 (c) shows the isolation simulation between ports.
Fig. 7 shows a three-dimensional gain pattern, fig. 7 (a) shows a three-dimensional axial ratio pattern, fig. 7 (b) shows a three-dimensional gain pattern, fig. 7 (c) shows a gain pattern in the xoz plane, fig. 7 (d) shows an axial ratio pattern in the xoz plane, fig. 7 (e) shows a gain pattern in the yoz plane, and fig. 7 (f) shows an axial ratio pattern in the yoz plane, as a result of simulation of radiation characteristics of the port 1 at a frequency of 6 GHz.
Fig. 8 shows a simulation result of radiation characteristics of port 2 at a frequency of 6GHz in the embodiment of the present invention, where fig. 8 (a) shows a three-dimensional gain pattern, fig. 8 (b) shows a three-dimensional axial ratio pattern, fig. 8 (c) shows a gain pattern in a xoz plane, fig. 8 (d) shows an axial ratio pattern in a xoz plane, fig. 8 (e) shows a gain pattern in a yoz plane, and fig. 8 (f) shows an axial ratio pattern in a yoz plane.
Reference numerals: the antenna comprises a printed dipole antenna radiator 1, a printed dipole antenna radiator 2, a feed balun of the printed dipole antenna radiator 3, an SIW loudspeaker 4, a metal conductive via hole array of the SIW loudspeaker 5, a coaxial line feed port of the SIW loudspeaker 6, a coplanar stripline 7, a grounding conductive via hole 8 and a straight line microstrip gradually-changing line 9.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The invention provides a design scheme and a device of a combined polarization diversity antenna based on an SIW loudspeaker and an EBG loading printing symmetrical dipole, aiming at the technical requirements of a polarization diversity electronic system on an antenna device. The antenna device is provided with a horizontal polarization port and a vertical polarization port, and the vertical and horizontal dual-polarization diversity functions are realized. In consideration of the installation requirement of a carrier platform, in order to realize the structural characteristic of low profile, two polarization ports of the polarization diversity antenna device designed by the invention are respectively an SIW (substrate integrated waveguide) horn and an Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) loading printed dipole antenna. The SIW horn antenna radiates vertically polarized waves and has the characteristic of low profile. The printed dipole antenna and the SIW horn antenna are arranged in parallel and radiate horizontal polarized waves; in general, if the height of the dipoles from the metal conductive plane is small, the radiating efficiency of the horizontal polarization is low due to the mirror principle of the electromagnetic field, and the dipole antenna is difficult to operate. In the invention, the metal copper foil on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate of the SIW horn antenna is used as a metal reflection floor of the printed symmetrical oscillator, and in order to realize effective radiation of the horizontally polarized printed symmetrical oscillator under the condition of low section, the EBG structure is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate of the SIW horn antenna, so that the boundary condition of the printed symmetrical oscillator is changed, the radiation efficiency of the printed symmetrical oscillator is improved, the distance between the printed symmetrical oscillator and the upper surface of the dielectric substrate of the SIW horn antenna is reduced, and the normal work of two polarized ports is ensured. The structural configuration of the two polarization ports can realize a better polarization diversity effect, is suitable for the antenna to be installed on the surface of a carrier platform, even can realize conformal installation with some carrier surfaces, and realizes the integrated design of the antenna and the carrier installation platform. The two polarized radiation ports of the invention adopt different types and structures, and the two polarized radiation ports can be designed relatively independently, thereby reducing the design difficulty. The whole polarization diversity antenna has simple structure, is easy to process and assemble and is suitable for practical engineering application. The combined polarization diversity antenna structure model based on SIW horn and EBG loading printing dipole is shown in figure 1. Fig. 2 is a structural view of the SIW horn antenna radiator (polarized port 2), and fig. 3 is a structural view of the printed element antenna radiator (polarized port 1). In fig. 1, 1 is an EBG structure, 2 is a printed dipole antenna radiator, 3 is a feeding balun of the printed dipole antenna radiator, 4 is an SIW horn, 5 is a metal conductive via array of the SIW horn, and 6 is a coaxial feeding port of the SIW horn.
The invention designs a SIW horn radiator which is arranged on a carrier platform, wherein a dielectric substrate is parallel to the surface of the carrier platform and radiates a vertical polarized wave. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation principle of the complementary antenna, wherein fig. 2 (a) shows a view-angle model diagram of the SIW horn radiator. Fig. 2 (b) and (c) show front and rear views, respectively, of the SIW horn radiator. Substrate integrated waveguide and waveguideCompared with the metal waveguide, the metal waveguide has the characteristics of compact structure, small volume, easy integration and the like. The substrate integrated waveguide technology is that two rows of metalized vertical conductive via arrays are processed and manufactured on a dielectric substrate with metal layers coated on two sides, and the two rows of metalized vertical conductive via arrays are utilized to simulate a waveguide narrow wall. Through evenly arranging the metal through holes in the upper layer of medium and the lower layer of medium, a SIW resonant cavity is formed, electromagnetic energy can be efficiently transmitted in the SIW resonant cavity, and the distance between the metal through holes on two sides is W 1 . The substrate integrated ridge waveguide technology combines the advantages of low loss of a planar circuit and low radiation of a waveguide structure. The horn antenna has advantages of simple structure, wide frequency band, good directivity, high power capacity and the like, and is widely applied. The substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna has important advantages in the aspects of miniaturization, wide frequency band, high gain, strong directivity and the like of the antenna. The substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna can be mainly divided into two parts, namely a waveguide structure formed by substrate integrated waveguides and a horn structure formed by metal through holes and upper and lower metal surfaces. The antenna adopts a relative dielectric constant epsilon r FR-4 material of 4.3 is used as a dielectric substrate. The overall size of the antenna is W (L) 1 +L 2 + L), waveguide width W 1 Caliber width of W 2 The waveguide length and the horn length are (L) respectively 1 +L 2 ) And L. When the period between the metal conductive through holes is small enough, the substrate integrated waveguide structure can be equivalent to a rectangular dielectric filled waveguide, and at the moment, the diameter d of the metal conductive through hole and the punching period p should satisfy the following inequality relation.
d/λ 0 <0.1(1)，d<p<2d (2) wherein λ 0 Is the free space wavelength.
The waveguide structure having a width W for single-mode transmission 1 Equivalent waveguide width W 1 ' the following relationship should be satisfied:
in the formula, h 0 Is the dielectric substrate thickness.
The antenna adopts a 50 omega coaxial line for feeding, the feeding point is positioned on the central axis of the horn, and the impedance matching between the coaxial line and the antenna is realized by adjusting the distance from the feeding point to the bottom end of the waveguide and the insertion depth of the inner core of the coaxial line, so that the return loss of the antenna is minimum.
Calculating formula of equivalent broadside width of SIW:
the invention designs a novel balun-fed horizontal polarization radiator of a printed dipole antenna, which is used as a polarization port 1, wherein 7 is a coplanar stripline, 8 is a grounded conductive through hole, and 9 is a linear microstrip gradual change line in the figure 3. The printed symmetrical vibrators are rectangular in shape, two vibrators are positioned on the same side of a dielectric substrate, and gaps between the two vibrators are gap; the printed dipoles are excited by coplanar strip lines (CPS), and the CPS and the printed dipoles are connected by straight line uniform transformation. In order to feed the printed dipole with a microstrip line, a balanced-to-unbalanced converter from the microstrip line to the CPS, namely a balun, is designed, and the balun has the function of impedance transformation. The input end of the balun is connected with the microstrip line, the microstrip line is connected with the microstrip line of the input port through a continuous linear gradient line, and the other arm of the balun input end is grounded through a bent line and a metal through hole to realize impedance matching. The printed dipole and the SIW dielectric substrate are placed in parallel, and when the upper layer metal copper foil of the SIW dielectric substrate is directly used as a reflecting floor of the horizontal printed dipole, due to the mirror effect of the surface of the metal conductor, when the printed dipole is closer to the reflecting plate, the dipole antenna is difficult to radiate effectively. In order to reduce the distance between the horizontal printed oscillator and the SIW dielectric substrate, an EBG structure is loaded above the SIW dielectric substrate, the boundary condition of the printed dielectric substrate is adjusted, the section height of the whole antenna is reduced under the condition of ensuring the radiation performance of the horizontal printed oscillator, and meanwhile, the radiation performance of the SIW horn is not greatly influenced.
The present invention employs mushroom-shaped EBGs, the basic structure of which is shown in fig. 4, and employs an array of a limited number of EBG cells. The mushroom-shaped EBG is a metal-dielectric type EBG structure in which an upper metal copper foil of a SIW dielectric substrate serves as a metal floor of the EBG structure. The square metal patches are arranged on the top side of a dielectric substrate in a certain periodicity, and each metal patch is in short circuit connection with the metal ground plate on the bottom side through a metal cylindrical conductive through hole. The EBG structure can be equivalent to a parallel LC resonant circuit, the equivalent circuit is shown in FIG. 5, and the impedance of the parallel LC resonant circuit is
Wherein L and C are determined by the following formula
In the formula f 0 Is EBG resonance frequency, BW resonance bandwidth, eta free space wave impedance, and has a value of 120 pi, epsilon 0 And mu 0 The dielectric constant and magnetic conductivity of vacuum are shown, a is the side length of the EBG metal patches, g is the gap width between the metal patches, and epsilon r H is the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate, and h is the height of the dielectric substrate.
Example (b):
the invention designs a combined polarization diversity antenna device based on a SIW loudspeaker and an EBG loaded printed dipole, performs performance simulation and optimization design on the antenna by adopting a full-wave electromagnetic simulation technology, and verifies the feasibility of the combined polarization diversity antenna device based on the SIW loudspeaker and the EBG loaded printed dipole by adopting a simulation experiment result.
The circuit characteristics of the combined polarization diversity antenna based on the SIW horn and the EBG loaded printed dipole are shown in fig. 6, and it can be seen from the figure that at the working frequency point of 6GHz, the VSWR of the two polarization ports of the antenna is about 1.67 and 1.52, and the port isolation is about 31.49dB.
Fig. 7 and 8 show the simulation results of the radiation patterns of two polarized ports at the center frequency point, respectively, and show a three-dimensional gain pattern, a three-dimensional axial ratio pattern, a gain pattern at the xoz plane, an axial ratio pattern at the xoz plane, a gain pattern at the yoz plane, and an axial ratio pattern at the yoz plane, respectively. For polarized port 1, the gain is about 7.575dB, the cross polarization in the main radiation direction is about 29.25dB, the beamwidth on the xoz plane is about 97.8 degrees, and the beamwidth on the yoz plane is about 90 degrees. For polarized port 2, the gain is about 5.379dB, the cross polarization in the main radiation direction is about 36.66dB, the beamwidth in the xoz plane is about 165.5 degrees, and the beamwidth in the yoz plane is about 53.6 degrees.
In summary, the present invention provides a design scheme of a combined polarization diversity antenna based on a SIW horn and an EBG loaded printed dipole and an antenna structure device, wherein the antenna device adopts a combined low-profile structure to realize horizontal and vertical polarization diversity operating modes. Two polarization ports of the antenna are respectively an SIW (substrate integrated waveguide) horn and a printed dipole radiator, an EBG (electromagnetic band gap) structure is arranged between the SIW horn and the printed dipole, the boundary condition of the dipole is changed, and the low-profile effect of the antenna is further realized. The SIW horn antenna and the printed dipole are arranged in parallel, an EBG structure is loaded between the SIW horn antenna and the printed dipole, the distance between the SIW horn antenna and the printed dipole is effectively reduced, the height of the antenna is compressed, meanwhile, vertical and horizontal polarization diversity effects can be realized through two polarization ports, the polarization isolation degree between the ports is high, and the antenna scheme is suitable for being applied to a dual-polarization low-profile antenna mounting platform, such as an aircraft carrier platform. The polarization diversity antenna scheme designed in the invention has the advantages of simple design, easy processing and realization, low cost and contribution to engineering application. The combined polarization diversity antenna device based on the SIW loudspeaker and the EBG loaded printed symmetrical dipole is suitable for being applied to a dual-polarization radar system, an electronic countermeasure system and a wireless communication system, and has important application value.
Claims (3)
1. A polarization diversity antenna based on an SIW horn and an EBG loaded dipole antenna is characterized by comprising a horizontal polarization port and a vertical polarization port to realize vertical and horizontal dual polarization diversity functions, wherein the two polarization ports are respectively used for the SIW horn antenna and the EBG loaded printed dipole antenna with an electromagnetic band gap structure, the SIW horn antenna radiates vertical polarization waves, and the printed dipole antenna and the SIW horn antenna are placed in parallel to radiate horizontal polarization waves; the metal copper foil on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate of the SIW horn antenna is used as a metal reflection floor for printing the symmetrical oscillators, and the EBG structure is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate of the SIW horn antenna, so that the boundary condition of the printed symmetrical oscillators is changed, and the two polarization ports are ensured to work normally;
a SIW horn radiator in the SIW horn antenna is placed on a carrier platform, a dielectric substrate is parallel to the surface of the carrier platform and radiates vertical polarized waves, two rows of metalized vertical conductive via hole arrays are processed and manufactured on the dielectric substrate with metal layers coated on two sides, the two rows of metalized conductive via hole arrays are utilized to simulate a waveguide narrow wall, metal through holes are uniformly distributed in an upper layer of medium and a lower layer of medium to form an SIW resonant cavity, electromagnetic energy can be efficiently transmitted in the SIW resonant cavity, and the distance between the metal through holes on two sides is W 1 The substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna comprises a waveguide structure composed of substrate integrated waveguides and a horn structure composed of metal via holes and upper and lower metal surfaces, wherein the horn structure adopts a relative dielectric constant epsilon r FR-4 material of 4.3 as a dielectric substrate, and an antenna having an overall size of W × (L) 1 +L 2 + L) waveguide width of W 1 The caliber width is W 2 The waveguide length and the horn length are respectively (L) 1 +L 2 ) And L, when the period between the metal conductive through holes is small enough, the substrate integrated waveguide structure can be equivalent to a rectangular dielectric-filled waveguide, and the metal conductive through holes are metallized at the momentThe diameter d of the hole and the punching period p satisfy the following inequality relation:
d/λ 0 <0.1(1)，d<p<2d (2) where λ 0 Is a free space wavelength; waveguide structure for single-mode transmission, width W 1 Equivalent waveguide width W 1 ' the following relationship should be satisfied:
in the formula, h 0 Is the dielectric substrate thickness;
the SIW horn antenna adopts a 50 omega coaxial line for feeding, the feeding point is positioned on the central axis of the horn, and the impedance matching between the coaxial line and the antenna is realized by adjusting the distance from the feeding point to the bottom end of the waveguide and the insertion depth of the inner core of the coaxial line, so that the return loss of the antenna is minimized;
calculating formula of equivalent broadside width of SIW:
the EBG loaded printed dipole antenna with the electromagnetic band gap structure is a balun-fed printed dipole antenna horizontal polarization radiator which is used as a polarization port 1, the printed dipole is rectangular, the two dipoles are positioned on the same side of the dielectric substrate, and a gap between the two dipoles is gap; exciting the printed symmetrical oscillator by adopting a coplanar strip line (CPS), and uniformly converting and connecting the CPS and the printed symmetrical oscillator by adopting a straight line; the printed dipole and the SIW dielectric substrate are placed in parallel, and when the upper layer metal copper foil of the SIW dielectric substrate is directly used as a reflecting floor of the horizontal printed dipole, due to the mirror effect of the surface of the metal conductor, when the printed dipole is close to the reflecting floor, the dipole antenna is difficult to radiate effectively; in order to reduce the distance between the horizontal printed oscillator and the SIW dielectric substrate, an EBG structure is loaded above the SIW dielectric substrate, the boundary condition of the printed dielectric substrate is adjusted, the section height of the whole antenna is reduced under the condition of ensuring the radiation performance of the horizontal printed oscillator, and meanwhile, the radiation performance of the SIW horn is not greatly influenced.
2. The polarization diversity antenna based on the SIW horn and the EBG loaded dipole antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein mushroom-shaped EBG is adopted, an array of a limited number of EBG units is adopted, the mushroom-shaped EBG is a metal-dielectric EBG structure, wherein an upper layer metal copper foil of the SIW dielectric substrate is used as a metal floor of the EBG structure, square metal patches are periodically arranged on the top side of one dielectric substrate, each metal patch is in short-circuit connection with a metal ground plate on the bottom side through a metal cylindrical conductive via hole, the EBG structure can be equivalent to a parallel LC resonance loop, and the impedance of the parallel LC resonance loop is equal to that of the parallel LC resonance loop
Wherein L and C are determined by the following formula
In the formula f 0 Is EBG resonance frequency, BW resonance bandwidth, eta free space wave impedance, and has a value of 120 pi, epsilon 0 And mu 0 The dielectric constant and magnetic conductivity of the vacuum are shown, a is the side length of the EBG metal patches, g is the gap width between the metal patches, and epsilon r H is the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate, and h is the height of the dielectric substrate.
3. The polarization diversity antenna based on the SIW horn and the EBG loaded dipole antenna according to claim 1, wherein in the EBG loaded printed dipole antenna with the electromagnetic band gap structure, in order to feed the printed dipole by using the microstrip line, a balanced-to-unbalanced converter from the microstrip line to the CPS, i.e. a balun, is used, the balun has an impedance transformation function, the input end of the balun is connected with the microstrip line, the microstrip line is connected with the microstrip line at the input port through a continuous linear gradual change line, and the other arm at the input end of the balun is grounded by using a meander line and a metal via hole, so as to realize impedance matching.
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