CN117694469B - 一种改善褐壳鸡蛋蛋壳质量的饲料添加剂 - Google Patents
一种改善褐壳鸡蛋蛋壳质量的饲料添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种改善褐壳鸡蛋蛋壳质量的饲料添加剂,属于饲料制备技术领域。通过构建表达辣根过氧化物酶突变体的重组枯草芽孢杆菌,表达辣根过氧化物酶,菌体超声裂解,裂解液喷雾干燥制备饲料添加剂。辣根过氧化物酶突变体比未突变酶螯合钙的量提高了113.24%,酶螯合钙作为饲料添加剂易于吸收,能提高蛋鸡血钙含量,增加蛋壳强度。同时辣根过氧化物酶突变体含有褐色的铁卟啉,与褐壳鸡蛋蛋壳的色素成分血红素原卟啉具有相同结构。蛋鸡饲喂该饲料添加剂能够补充铁卟啉,改善蛋鸡产蛋高峰期和大日龄蛋鸡产蛋后期由于原卟啉生成不足导致的蛋壳颜色浅的问题,提升褐壳鸡蛋色泽。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种改善褐壳鸡蛋蛋壳质量的饲料添加剂。
背景技术
鸡蛋是日常生活常见的食品。它的营养比较全面,含有丰富的蛋白质、软磷脂、固醇类、蛋黄素、以及钙、磷、铁等微量元素。我国鸡蛋消费以褐壳蛋为主,约占比60%,超过了粉壳蛋、白壳蛋、绿壳蛋的总和。鸡蛋蛋壳质量是鸡蛋销售过程中的关键影响因素。褐壳鸡蛋蛋壳质量的第一影响因素是蛋壳色泽,消费者在购买鸡蛋时往往挑选蛋壳表面光滑、颜色为红褐色的鸡蛋,而蛋壳颜色浅淡、表面粗糙的鸡蛋往往遭到消费者嫌弃而滞销。蛋壳质量的第二影响因素是蛋壳强度,蛋壳强度差的鸡蛋往往表现为软壳蛋、薄蛋壳、沙壳蛋、破壳蛋,在鸡蛋运输、挑选过程中蛋壳强度差导致大量鸡蛋破损,会造成直接损失。
褐壳鸡蛋蛋壳的色素成分为血红素原卟啉,蛋鸡产蛋高峰期和大日龄蛋鸡产蛋后期由于原卟啉生成不足导致蛋壳颜色浅淡。蛋鸡饲料中普通色素的使用大多导致蛋黄颜色偏红,而对蛋壳色泽起不到有效的改善作用。辣根过氧化物酶HRP C 中含有正铁原卟啉环,通常称为“血红素基团”,与褐壳鸡蛋蛋壳的色素成分为血红素原卟啉具有相似结构,可用于改善蛋鸡原卟啉生成不足导致蛋壳颜色浅淡状态。
产蛋高峰期和大日龄蛋鸡产蛋后期钙吸收效率低、血钙不足,蛋壳中钙含量不足,往往导致蛋鸡产无壳蛋、软壳蛋、薄蛋壳、沙壳蛋、破壳蛋。产蛋鸡补钙常用方法是往饲料里多添加石粉、贝壳粉、骨粉等钙质,然而无机钙的吸收效率低下。蛋白质、多肽螯合钙作为水溶性有机钙利于动物体吸收利用,是补钙剂的研发新方向。辣根过氧化物酶HRP C分子中含有两个Ca原子,可作为有机补钙剂,通过在辣根过氧化物酶分子中引入脂肪族氨基酸酪氨酸可以增加酶分子螯合钙的能力,制备更加高效的有机补钙剂。另一方面,市售辣根过氧化物酶是从植物辣根中提取获得的,植物辣根含酶量低,提取工艺复杂,成本高,多用于生物医疗等高附加值的产品,这限制了辣根过氧化物酶在饲料添加剂中的应用。因此,需要开发成本低廉的辣根过氧化物酶制备方法制备饲料添加剂,用于提升褐壳蛋蛋壳色泽,同时高效补充蛋鸡血钙,增加蛋壳强度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种改善褐壳鸡蛋蛋壳质量的饲料添加剂,属于饲料制备技术领域。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
其一,本发明提供了一种改善褐壳鸡蛋蛋壳质量的饲料添加剂,所述饲料添加剂为重组枯草芽孢杆菌表达的辣根过氧化物酶突变体制成的饲料添加剂。
进一步地,所述辣根过氧化物酶突变体的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO.1。
进一步地,所述辣根过氧化物酶突变体的氨基酸序列115位、116位、134位和135位的Ala突变为Tyr。
进一步地,所述饲料添加剂的制备方法如下:
(1)表达辣根过氧化物酶突变体的重组枯草芽孢杆菌按体积比1%的比例接种含40μg/mL氯霉素LB培养液,37℃,250 r/min摇床培养12 h制备一级种子液;
(2)根据发酵量,将一级种子液按体积比1%的比例接种含40μg/mL氯霉素LB培养液,37℃,250 r/min摇床培养12 h制备二级种子液、多级种子液;
(3)多级种子液按体积比1%的比例接种LB培养液于发酵罐中发酵培养12 h表达辣根过氧化物酶突变体,收集培养的菌液;
(4)菌液经超声波破碎仪破碎,经喷雾干燥机干燥处理成粉末状,塑料袋分装制成辣根过氧化物酶突变体饲料添加剂。
进一步地,所述饲料添加剂能够用于提升褐壳蛋色泽,补充蛋鸡钙元素,增加蛋壳强度。
其二,本发明提供了一种辣根过氧化物酶突变体,所述辣根过氧化物酶突变体的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO.1。
本发明的有益效果在于,构建表达辣根过氧化物酶突变体的重组枯草芽孢杆菌,表达辣根过氧化物酶,菌体超声裂解,裂解液喷雾干燥制备饲料添加剂。辣根过氧化物酶突变体比未突变酶螯合钙的量提高了113.24%,同时辣根过氧化物酶突变体含有褐色的铁卟啉,与褐壳鸡蛋蛋壳的色素成分血红素原卟啉具有相同结构。蛋鸡饲喂该饲料添加剂能够补充铁卟啉,改善蛋鸡产蛋高峰期和大日龄蛋鸡产蛋后期由于原卟啉生成不足导致的蛋壳颜色浅的问题,提升褐壳鸡蛋色泽。酶蛋白螯合的钙为水溶性补钙剂,易于吸收,有效解决了产蛋高峰期和大日龄蛋鸡产蛋后期钙吸收效率低导致的蛋鸡产无壳蛋、软壳蛋、破壳蛋问题。重组枯草芽孢杆菌表达辣根过氧化物酶突变体相较天然植物提取辣根过氧化物酶成本低廉,用于制备饲料添加剂具有更高的经济效益。
附图说明
图1:辣根过氧化物酶螯合钙含量检测图。
图2:蛋鸡血清钙含量变化检测图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:基于计算机辅助设计的酶结构改造和突变体设计
辣根过氧化物酶氨基酸序列GenBank登录号为:CCJ34819.1。应用DiscoveryStudio 软件对酶氨基酸序列进行分析。避开61,64,65,67,68,71,72,103,105,169,172,178,182,193,196,197,199,200,202,206,208,209,251,274,276,311位的酶催化活性位点;避开61,64,65,67,68,71,100,103,105,169,171,178,182,193,196,197,199,200,202,206,209,251,274,276,311位的血红素结合位点;避开68,98,99,169,172,206,208,209位的酶底物结合位点;避开73,76,80,82,201,252,255,258,260位的钙离子结合位点。
通过点突变引入钙螯合能力强的脂肪族氨基酸酪氨酸,将115位、116位、134位和135位的Ala突变为Tyr,辣根过氧化物酶突变体氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO.1。
实施例2:表达辣根过氧化物酶的重组枯草芽孢杆菌构建
1.1基因合成
(1)根据辣根过氧化物酶突变体氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO.1合成辣根过氧化物酶突变体DNA序列SEQ ID NO.2,上下游分别添加BamHI和EcoRV限制性内切酶位点,委托生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成,并克隆到pUC57质粒上获得pUC57-HRP-Mut质粒。
(2)根据GenBank登录号为CCJ34819.1的氨基酸序列合成未突变的辣根过氧化物酶DNA序列SEQ ID NO.3。上下游分别添加BamHI和EcoRV限制性内切酶位点,委托生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成,并克隆到pUC57质粒上获得pUC57-HRP-WT质粒。
1.2 重组表达载体的构建
(1)利用限制性内切酶BamHI和EcoRV对pUC57-HRP-Mut、pUC57-HRP-WT质粒进行双酶切,分别回收HRP-Mut、HRP-WT基因片段;
(2)利用限制性内切酶BamHI和EcoRV双酶切表达载体p7257,并回收基因片段;
(3)将HRP-Mut和p7257核酸片段用T4 DNA连接酶连接,将HRP-WT和p7257核酸片段用T4 DNA连接酶连接,分别转化到大肠杆菌E .coli DH5α感受态细胞中,提取质粒,BamHI和EcoRV双酶切鉴定,获得重组表达质粒p7257-HRP-Mut和p7257-HRP-WT。
1.3 表达辣根过氧化物酶、辣根过氧化物酶突变体的重组枯草芽孢杆菌菌株构建
(1)重组质粒p7257-HRP-Mut经酶切、测序鉴定正确后转化枯草芽孢杆菌WB800感受态细胞,涂布40μg/mL氯霉素平板,挑取单菌落于5 mL的含40μg/mL氯霉素LB培养液,37℃,250 r/min摇床培养12 h作为种子液,命名为WB800-HRP-Mut。
(2)重组质粒p7257-HRP-WT经酶切、测序鉴定正确后转化枯草芽孢杆菌WB800感受态细胞,涂布40μg/mL氯霉素平板,挑取单菌落于5 mL的含40μg/mL氯霉素LB培养液,37℃,250 r/min摇床培养12 h作为种子液,命名为WB800-HRP-WT。
1.4 辣根过氧化物酶、辣根过氧化物酶突变体的表达
(1)0.1ml种子液按体积比1%的比例转接10ml含40μg/mL氯霉素的LB培养液,37℃,250 r/min摇床培养12 h作为一级种子液。
(2)10ml一级种子液按体积比1%的比例转接1000ml含40μg/mL氯霉素的LB培养液,37℃,250 r/min摇床培养12 h作为二级种子液。
(3)校准发酵罐的pH电极、溶氧电极,并进行蠕动泵的流量校准。
(4)配制70L LB培养基,加入100L发酵罐,121℃,30min高压灭菌培养基、发酵罐及管道。
(5)待发酵罐内培养液冷却到 37℃时,将700ml二级种子液加入发酵罐中,开始发酵罐培养,发酵罐参数设置为搅拌速度500~800r/min,罐内压力 9psi,温度37℃,设定DO值 (溶解氧) 在 20%以上。
(6)发酵培养12 h,将菌液超声波破碎,经喷雾干燥机干燥处理成粉末状,塑料袋分装制成未突变的辣根过氧化物酶饲料添加剂和辣根过氧化物酶突变体饲料添加剂。
实施例3:未突变的辣根过氧化物酶与辣根过氧化物酶突变体螯合钙含量检测
WB800-HRP-Mut和WB800-HRP-WT枯草芽孢杆菌菌株分别接种200ml的LB培养基,250 r/min摇床培养12 h,5000rmp离心10分钟,收集菌体沉淀。菌体沉淀用50ml超纯水重悬,5000rmp离心10分钟,收集菌体沉淀。菌体沉淀用20ml超纯水重悬,超声波破碎10分钟。12000rmp离心10分钟,取上清液用原子吸收分光光度计检测钙含量。
从图1可以看出,表达未突变的辣根过氧化物酶的重组枯草芽孢杆菌裂解液钙含量为4.38mg/ml,表达辣根过氧化物酶突变体的重组枯草芽孢杆菌裂解液钙含量为9.34mg/ml,辣根过氧化物酶突变体比未突变的酶螯合钙的量提高了113.24%。
实施例4:辣根过氧化物酶突变体饲料添加剂对海兰褐蛋鸡蛋壳质量的影响
(1)300只560日龄海兰褐蛋鸡(产蛋率相近)随机分为3组,100只/组,隔离饲养;
(2)不添加对照组饲喂基础饲料;未突变酶组饲喂的为未突变的辣根过氧化物酶饲料添加剂按饲料添加剂重量:基础饲料重量1:1000比例加进基础饲料中,充分搅拌均匀制备的饲料;酶突变体组饲喂的为辣根过氧化物酶突变体饲料添加剂按饲料添加剂重量:基础饲料重量1:1000比例加进基础饲料中,充分搅拌均匀制备的饲料;
(3)每天8:00和16:00各饲喂一次,自由采食、饮水,试验期为42天,饲养期间按照海兰褐蛋鸡常规免疫程序免疫和饲养管理,期间每天观察试验鸡产蛋情况。
(4)分别于试验第1、7、14、21、28、35、42天每组鸡随机抽取5只,采血,测定血清钙含量,计算各组的几何平均值。
从图2可以看出,未突变的辣根过氧化物酶饲料添加剂和辣根过氧化物酶突变体饲料添加剂饲喂产蛋后期的海兰褐蛋鸡,相比不添加对照组均能提高鸡血清钙含量。辣根过氧化物酶突变体组效果明显优于未突变的辣根过氧化物酶组,饲喂7天可将血清钙含量从2.50mmol/L提高到2.69mmol/L,至42天保持在2.82mmol/L的高水平。
表1 不同比例饲料添加剂饲喂对海兰褐蛋鸡生产性能的影响
从表1可以看出,未突变的辣根过氧化物酶饲料添加剂和辣根过氧化物酶突变体饲料添加剂饲喂产蛋后期的海兰褐蛋鸡,相比不添加对照组蛋壳色泽都改善为红褐色,而不添加对照组蛋壳色泽浅淡为白褐色。辣根过氧化物酶突变体组产蛋率明显高于未突变的辣根过氧化物酶饲料添加剂组和不添加对照组。辣根过氧化物酶突变体组无壳蛋率、软壳蛋率、破壳蛋率均明显低于未突变的辣根过氧化物酶饲料添加剂组和不添加对照组。因此本发明辣根过氧化物酶突变体饲料添加剂能够用于提升褐壳蛋色泽,增加蛋壳强度,改善蛋壳质量。
Claims (5)
1.一种改善褐壳鸡蛋蛋壳质量的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂为重组枯草芽孢杆菌表达的辣根过氧化物酶突变体制成的饲料添加剂,所述辣根过氧化物酶突变体的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO.1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述辣根过氧化物酶突变体的氨基酸序列115位、116位、134位和135位的Ala突变为Tyr。
3.根据权利要求1所述的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂的制备方法如下:
(1)表达辣根过氧化物酶突变体的重组枯草芽孢杆菌按体积比1%的比例接种含40μg/mL氯霉素LB培养液,37℃,250 r/min摇床培养12 h制备一级种子液;
(2)根据发酵量,将一级种子液按体积比1%的比例接种含40μg/mL氯霉素LB培养液,37℃,250 r/min摇床培养12 h制备二级种子液、多级种子液;
(3)多级种子液按体积比1%的比例接种LB培养液于发酵罐中发酵培养12 h表达辣根过氧化物酶突变体,收集培养的菌液;
(4)菌液经超声波破碎仪破碎,经喷雾干燥机干燥处理成粉末状,塑料袋分装制成辣根过氧化物酶突变体饲料添加剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂能够用于提升褐壳蛋色泽,补充蛋鸡钙元素,增加蛋壳强度。
5.一种辣根过氧化物酶突变体,其特征在于,所述辣根过氧化物酶突变体的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO.1。
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