CN117678674A - Preparation method and application of momordica grosvenori residue feed - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of momordica grosvenori residue feed Download PDFInfo
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- 235000011171 Thladiantha grosvenorii Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 241001409321 Siraitia grosvenorii Species 0.000 title abstract 2
- 244000185386 Thladiantha grosvenorii Species 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 31
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical group CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
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- 241000202726 Bupleurum Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a preparation method and application of a momordica grosvenori residue feed.
Description
[ field of technology ]
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to a preparation method and application of a momordica grosvenori residue feed.
[ background Art ]
Momordica grosvenori commonly called as "Shenxian fruit" is a perennial vine plant of Cucurbitaceae, and the fruit can be used as medicine, contains medicinal components such as mogroside, various amino acids and vitamins, and is one of the plants with homology of medicine and food published by the national Wei Jian Committee. The requirement of the momordica grosvenori on the growing environment is very special, the momordica grosvenori can grow only in the North Guangxi of China, yongfu county, rong an county and Lingui county are three large producing areas of the momordica grosvenori, and the yield accounts for 90% of the world, thereby being one of the famous special products of Guangxi. The fructus momordicae is processed into products such as preparations, lozenge, beverage and the like after being squeezed, and the rest waste fruit residues are rarely researched and utilized. According to the preliminary approximation, the Guangxi has the yield of the grosvenor momordica fruit residue of about 8 ten thousand tons every year, only a small part of the yield is used as fuel for burning, and the most part of the yield is discarded, thus causing environmental pollution.
The fructus momordicae residue has high nutritive value, the crude protein content is about 8-12%, the effects of clearing heat and moistening lung, and relaxing bowel can be achieved, the use of medicines can be reduced in the feeding process of livestock, and the fructus momordicae residue is a high-quality crude feed resource. At present, a plurality of farmers carry out fodder utilization on the grosvenor momordica fruit residues, which has positive significance for promoting ecological agriculture, however, the grosvenor momordica fruit residues are difficult to decompose and utilize, and although the grosvenor momordica fruit residues are produced as fodder raw materials in the prior art, how to effectively improve the utilization rate of the grosvenor momordica fruit residues is freshly reported.
[ invention ]
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a grosvenor momordica fruit residue feed which can be used for feeding cattle, wherein the first feed provides nutrients for the growth of cattle, the second feed can relieve the heat stress of cattle, and the third feed is easy to decompose and utilize, so that the utilization rate of the feed can be ensured.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing a grosvenor momordica fruit residue feed, comprising the following steps:
(1) Mixing: mixing fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue and flos Jasmini sambac residue, adding Chinese medicinal extractive solution, and mixing to obtain mixture;
(2) Fermentation: adding cellulase, hemicellulase and zymophyte agent into the mixture obtained in the step (1), fully mixing, sealing, fermenting and culturing for 30-50 days at 18-22 ℃, grinding the fermented material to a particle size smaller than 1.5mm, and obtaining the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed.
In the invention, further, the grosvenor momordica fruit residue feed mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of grosvenor momordica fruit residue, 20-30 parts of jasmine flower residue, 8-16 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract, 3-5 parts of fermentation inoculant, 0.1-0.3 part of cellulase and 0.05-0.1 part of hemicellulase.
In the invention, the traditional Chinese medicine extract is further prepared by mixing bupleurum extract, schisandra chinensis extract and ginkgo leaf extract according to the mass ratio of 2-4:1:1-2.
In the invention, the fermentation bacteria agent is lactobacillus, and the effective viable count of the lactobacillus is more than or equal to 4 multiplied by 10 6 cfu/g。
The fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue can be the residue of fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii after tea making.
The basic ration is a cattle feed prepared by taking corn and wheat bran as main raw materials; after the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed is mixed with the cattle basic ration, the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed is used within 7 days.
The bupleurum root extract, the schisandra chinensis extract and the ginkgo leaf extract are all obtained by alcohol extraction.
Wherein the enzyme activity content of the cellulase is 3000U/g, and the enzyme activity content of the hemicellulase is 1500U/g.
The application also provides application of the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed, which specifically comprises the step of using the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed in cattle raising.
Further, the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed is used for feeding cattle after being mixed with basic ration as auxiliary materials in summer which is easy to generate heat stress, and the addition amount of the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed is 30-40% of the total feed.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. because Guangxi is located in subtropical zone and has excellent climate conditions, the fructus momordicae residue contains high nutritional value and coarse protein content of about 8-12%, has the effects of clearing heat, moistening lung, smoothing intestine and relaxing bowels, and is a high-quality coarse feed resource; however, the applicant finds that the momordica grosvenori residues are difficult to digest and absorb by livestock, so that the application of the momordica grosvenori residues to feeds is restricted; in order to solve the problem, the applicant has known through consulting data and related scientific research experience for many years that the problem of low digestibility can be solved by fermenting the momordica grosvenori residues, but the nutrient components of the fermented momordica grosvenori residues are lost.
2. Through years of breeding experience, the applicant finds that the cattle are easily affected by heat stress in high-temperature weather in summer in the growth and development process, the phenomena of inappetence and the like occur, the breeding efficiency is rapidly reduced, besides the problems are solved through the modes of enhancing ventilation, spraying water, cooling and the like, the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed also is compounded with traditional Chinese medicine liquid components, and consists of bupleurum extract, schisandra chinensis extract and ginkgo leaf extract, has the effects of clearing heat, removing toxicity, promoting the production of body fluid and moistening the lung, can effectively relieve the heat stress phenomenon of the cattle, improve the appetite of the cattle, and can reduce the use of medicines in the feeding process of the cattle; as the feed needs to be added with the zymophyte agent to realize fermentation, the applicant discovers that the traditional Chinese medicine has different effects on the growth of the zymophyte agent and possibly has an inhibition effect and a promotion effect in the process of selecting the traditional Chinese medicine liquid, and based on the fermentation, the applicant performs a plurality of experiments to finally obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition, so that the heat stress phenomenon of cattle can be relieved, and the selected traditional Chinese medicine composition has the promotion effect on the growth of the zymophyte agent and can not influence the fermentation effect of the feed.
3. The enzymolysis liquid of the application selects cellulase and hemicellulase, after fermentation treatment is carried out by combining with a fermentation microbial inoculum, the blocking effect of components such as cellulose contained in the momordica grosvenori residues on nutritional factors can be relieved, so that the anti-nutritional property is eliminated, the digestibility and the utilization rate of the nutritional components are improved, and experiments show that the method of the application can better retain the nutritional components of the momordica grosvenori residues.
[ detailed description ] of the invention
The following detailed description of the present invention will provide further details in order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is therefore not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a momordica grosvenori residue feed, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing: mixing 30 parts by weight of momordica grosvenori residues and 20 parts by weight of jasmine flower residues, adding 8 parts by weight of traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution into the mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) Fermentation: adding 0.1 part by weight of cellulase, 0.05 part by weight of hemicellulase and 3 parts by weight of fermentation inoculant into the mixture obtained in the step (1), fully mixing, sealing, fermenting and culturing for 30 days at 18 ℃, and grinding the fermented material to a particle size smaller than 1.5mm to obtain the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed.
The traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared by mixing bupleurum extract, schisandra chinensis extract and ginkgo leaf extract according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1; the fermentation inoculant is lactobacillus, and the effective viable count of the lactobacillus is more than or equal to 4 multiplied by 10 6 cfu/g。
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a momordica grosvenori residue feed, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing: mixing 40 parts by weight of momordica grosvenori residues and 25 parts by weight of jasmine flower residues, adding 12 parts by weight of traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution into the mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) Fermentation: adding 0.2 part by weight of cellulase, 0.07 part by weight of hemicellulase and 4 parts by weight of fermentation inoculant into the mixture obtained in the step (1), fully mixing, sealing, fermenting and culturing for 40 days at 20 ℃, and grinding the fermented material to a particle size smaller than 1.5mm to obtain the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed.
The traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared by mixing bupleurum extract, schisandra chinensis extract and ginkgo leaf extract according to the mass ratio of 3:1:2; the fermentation inoculant is lactobacillus, and the effective viable count of the lactobacillus is more than or equal to 4 multiplied by 10 6 cfu/g。
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a momordica grosvenori residue feed, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing: mixing 50 parts by weight of momordica grosvenori residues and 30 parts by weight of jasmine residues, adding 16 parts by weight of traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution into the mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) Fermentation: adding 0.3 part by weight of cellulase, 0.1 part by weight of hemicellulase and 3-5 parts by weight of fermentation inoculant into the mixture obtained in the step (1), fully mixing, sealing, fermenting and culturing for 50 days at 22 ℃, and grinding the fermented material to a particle size smaller than 1.5mm to obtain the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed.
The traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared by mixing bupleurum extract, schisandra chinensis extract and ginkgo leaf extract according to the mass ratio of 4:1:2; the fermentation inoculant is lactobacillus, and the effective viable count of the lactobacillus is more than or equal to 4 multiplied by 10 6 cfu/g。
Example 4:
the embodiment provides a method for treating heat stress of cattle, which comprises the step of adding the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed in the embodiment 2 into cattle basic ration, wherein the addition amount of the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed accounts for 35% of the total feed amount.
And (3) effect verification:
the applicant has previously performed a number of experiments and is described as follows:
test one: in vitro digestion test
The applicant simulates rumen fermentation of the cattle by arranging an in-vitro artificial rumen device, determines gas production characteristics of feeds of different groups, analyzes degradation conditions in the rumen of the cattle, and groups the degradation conditions as follows:
a first group: the fructus momordicae residue and the jasmine residue are subjected to enzymolysis and fermentation by adopting cellulase, hemicellulase and lactobacillus;
second group: the fructus momordicae residue and the jasmine residue are subjected to enzymolysis and fermentation by adopting cellulase and lactobacillus;
third group: fresh grosvenor momordica fruit residue;
fourth group: palm kernel + bean curd refuse;
fifth group: fermenting fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue and palm kernel with lactobacillus;
sixth group: the grosvenor momordica fruit residue and the palm kernel are subjected to enzymolysis and fermentation by adopting cellulase, hemicellulase and lactobacillus;
seventh group: and fermenting the Momordica grosvenori slag and jasmine slag by using lactic acid bacteria.
The six groups of products are dried to constant weight at 65 ℃, sieved by a 40-mesh sieve and crushed into samples for standby.
In vitro digestion experiments were performed according to the Menke in vitro gas production method (Syringe System). Culturing for 96 hours, and recording the total gas production of each group, as shown in table 1:
table 1 gas production conditions of each group
Total gas production (mL) | |
First group of | 58.12 |
Second group of | 58.43 |
Third group of | 8.68 |
Fourth group | 52.04 |
Fifth group of | 6.65 |
Sixth group of | 45.61 |
Seventh group | 10.02 |
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the gas yield of the Momordica grosvenori residue which is not fermented is very low, that is, the Momordica grosvenori residue is difficult to be decomposed and utilized by cattle without treatment; the first group and the second group are fermented after the enzymolysis liquid is added, and the obtained products are easy to be digested and utilized by cattle; the fourth group of palm kernels are matched with bean curd residues, so that the product is better in digestion and utilization, the fifth group of momordica grosvenori residues and the palm kernels are matched for fermentation, the degradation performance is not improved, and the sixth group of the momordica grosvenori residues and the palm kernels are added with cellulase and hemicellulase for fermentation, so that a better digestion and decomposition rate can be achieved. In summary, the siraitia grosvenorii residue is adopted as the cattle feed, and the siraitia grosvenorii residue can be digested and absorbed by cattle through reasonable compounding and fermentation means, otherwise, even if the siraitia grosvenorii residue contains abundant nutrients, the siraitia grosvenorii residue is difficult to use.
And (2) testing II: testing feed nutritional ingredients
Based on test one, the applicant further tested the nutritional value of the resulting feed, the test groups were as follows:
a first group: the fructus momordicae residue and the jasmine residue are subjected to enzymolysis and fermentation by adopting cellulase, hemicellulase and lactobacillus;
second group: the fructus momordicae residue and the jasmine residue are subjected to enzymolysis and fermentation by adopting cellulase and lactobacillus;
third group: the momordica grosvenori residues and the jasmine residues are not subjected to enzymolysis and fermentation;
fourth group: and fermenting the Momordica grosvenori slag and jasmine slag by using lactic acid bacteria.
The measurement indexes include crude protein, crude fiber, neutral washing fiber (NDF) and acid washing fiber (ADF), and the test results are shown in table 2:
table 2 feed nutrient composition (%)
Crude protein | Crude fat | Coarse fibers | NDF | ADF | |
First group of | 8.12 | 7.26 | 61.39 | 85.26 | 64.58 |
Second group of | 7.72 | 6.65 | 60.12 | 78.15 | 59.63 |
Third group of | 7.45 | 6.12 | 56.21 | 78.53 | 60.12 |
Fourth group | 8.48 | 7.31 | 62.02 | 84.32 | 63.69 |
As can be seen from the results of table 1 and table 2, the first group and the second group can be effectively digested and absorbed by cattle after fermentation treatment, but the treatment method of the second group can not well retain the nutritional ingredients in the raw materials, and the third group does not carry out enzymolysis and fermentation, and the third group has higher nutritional ingredients, but is difficult to absorb and has low feeding value; the fourth group had the problem that nutrients are difficult to be absorbed by fermentation with only lactic acid bacteria.
And (3) test III: testing the influence of Chinese herbal medicine ingredients on lactic acid bacteria
Furthermore, besides improving the digestion utilization rate of the momordica grosvenori residues and ensuring the nutrients of the momordica grosvenori residues, so that the feed can be digested and utilized by the cattle, and the applicant also finds that the cattle are easy to generate heat stress phenomenon in hot summer, have poor appetite and cause slow growth and development; in order to solve the problem, the applicant adds a traditional Chinese medicine composition into the feed, which has the efficacy of clearing away heat and toxic materials, but in the process of exploring a traditional Chinese medicine composition suitable for addition, the applicant also discovers that part of traditional Chinese medicines have an inhibiting effect on the growth of lactobacillus, can influence the effective viable count of the lactobacillus, and finally leads to the influence on the fermentation effect;
based on this, the applicant tested the effect of several traditional Chinese medicines on lactic acid bacteria, and selected traditional Chinese medicine extracts included: the Chinese medicinal materials have the effects of clearing heat and detoxicating, and can solve the problems of inappetence and the like caused by heat stress; the preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine extract comprises the following steps: extracting with 75% ethanol, and concentrating to 1/5 of original volume to obtain extract;
the testing method comprises the following steps: adding the traditional Chinese medicine extract into the preparation process in the mode of the embodiment 2 of the application, after mixing all materials for 1h in the step 2, testing the effective viable count of the lactic acid bacteria, comparing the effective viable count with the effective viable count of the lactic acid bacteria (blank) before being mixed, and judging the promoting/inhibiting effect of the medicament on the growth of the lactic acid bacteria; as shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 influence of different Chinese herbs on the effective viable count of lactic acid bacteria
According to the results shown in Table 3, the effects of different traditional Chinese medicines on the microbial inoculum are different, and cannot be reported by the literature, but can be screened through experiments.
Further testing the effect of the use of the inventive Chinese medicinal composition on lactic acid bacteria:
TABLE 4 Effect of the Chinese medicinal composition of the present application on the effective viable count of lactic acid bacteria
The results according to Table 4 demonstrate that the composition of the present application has a promoting effect on the growth of lactic acid bacteria, and therefore, the addition of the Chinese medicinal composition can achieve the effect of relieving the occurrence of heat stress in cattle, and does not affect the fermentation of feed.
And (3) testing four: testing cattle cultivation effect
In hot summer, the applicant uses the grosvenor momordica fruit residue feed of the embodiment 2 of the application in feeding of healthy cattle of 10 months of age, wherein the addition of the grosvenor momordica fruit feed is 25%, 35% and 45% of the total feed amount respectively, and the balance is basic ration, and the content of crude protein in the basic ration is more than or equal to 16%, the content of crude fiber is less than or equal to 6%, the content of crude ash is less than or equal to 9%, the content of calcium is 1.5% and the content of total phosphorus in the basic ration is more than or equal to 0.5%.
The cultivation effect of the treatment is compared with that of a blank control group (only basic ration is fed), other cultivation modes are the same except for different feeds, the cultivation mode is adopted, the feeding is carried out 1 time each day in the morning and afternoon, drinking water and feeding are not limited, and the cultivation condition is recorded as shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 cultivation Effect of cattle
The practical value of the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed is proved through the data recorded in the table 5, and the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed can be used for treating the leftovers of siraitia grosvenorii, and meanwhile, the technical problems existing in the raw materials are solved due to the scientific and reasonable preparation method, so that the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed has outstanding progress. In addition, experiments show that the addition amount of the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed is not as high as possible, the proper proportion of the basic ration and the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed can be obtained through a large amount of experimental researches, the addition amount is too low, the feeding activity of the cattle cannot be effectively stimulated, the feed-meat ratio is higher when the addition amount is excessive, the feed utilization rate is not high, and the applicant guesses that the nutrient acquisition is probably insufficient. The cattle feed capable of effectively relieving heat stress is obtained, and has a good market prospect.
The above examples only represent a few embodiments of the present invention, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be assessed as that of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the momordica grosvenori residue feed is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Mixing: mixing fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii residue and flos Jasmini sambac residue, adding Chinese medicinal extractive solution, and mixing to obtain mixture;
(2) Fermentation: adding cellulase, hemicellulase and zymophyte agent into the mixture obtained in the step (1), fully mixing, sealing, fermenting and culturing for 30-50 days at 18-22 ℃, grinding the fermented material to a particle size smaller than 1.5mm, and obtaining the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed.
2. The grosvenor momordica fruit residue feed according to claim 1, which is mainly composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of grosvenor momordica fruit residue, 20-30 parts of jasmine flower residue, 8-16 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract, 3-5 parts of fermentation inoculant, 0.1-0.3 part of cellulase and 0.05-0.1 part of hemicellulase.
3. The grosvenor momordica fruit residue feed according to claim 1, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine extract is obtained by mixing bupleurum extract, schisandra chinensis extract and ginkgo leaf extract according to a mass ratio of 2-4:1:1-2.
4. The grosvenor momordica fruit residue feed according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation inoculant is lactic acid bacteria, and the effective viable count of the lactic acid bacteria is not less than 4 x 10 6 cfu/g。
5. Use of the grosvenor momordica fruit residue feed according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the use comprises the use of the grosvenor momordica fruit residue feed in the feeding of cattle.
6. The use according to claim 5, wherein the siraitia grosvenorii residue feed is used for feeding cattle after being mixed with basic ration as auxiliary material in summer which is prone to heat stress.
7. The use according to claim 5, wherein the amount of the momordica grosvenori feed added is 30-40% of the total feed.
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