CN1176653A - 铈化合物在保护内燃机方面的用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种保护内燃机的方法,采用选自能够在液态烃中溶解或者假溶的化合物,并将其以足以形成铈化合物的溶液、溶胶、悬浮液或者乳液的浓度加入到内燃机燃料中,铈在该燃料中的浓度至少为5,优选10ppm(重量)。该方法可有效地控制腐蚀。
Description
本发明的主题是一种保护内燃机的方法。
更具体地，本发明的主题是将铈基添加剂用于保护内燃机免受磨损和氧化。
在有待解决的问题中，为了延长发动机的寿命，应该对构成发动机运动部件的原料逐渐剥落问题予以特别的关注。
特别是这种原料表面层的剥落对那些与内燃机气体接触的部件来说，在燃烧阶段之前和之后特别严重。
这是因为这些气体对于构成燃烧室的合金是强腐蚀性的，致使采用非常先进和非常昂贵的原料，因而并没有解决该问题。
在发动机所受的各种类型的损害之中，可提及的是一方面由两个硬度接近的运动部件的摩擦引起的纯机械损害和另一方面与由于在发动机运行和发动机停止运行之间存在明显的温差而引起的尺寸改变有关的损害。
这就是本发明的目的在于提供能够消除或者减少运动部件相互摩擦的添加剂的原因。
另一个引起发动机表面老化的原因是所用的合金的构成金属的氧化，有时是选择性的氧化，这就是本发明另一个目的在于提供一种能够减少在与烃燃料的燃烧气体接触的部件表面上产生氧化现象的添加剂的原因。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种能够减少对发动机运动部件的组成合金的需要的添加剂。
这些目的和在后面说明的进一步的目的是通过为了保护发动机免受摩损和氧化采用含有至少一种铈化合物的添加剂而达到的，选择能够溶于或者假溶于液态烃的该化合物并将该化合物以一定浓度加入到提供给内燃机的发动机燃料中以形成一种铈化合物的溶液、溶胶、悬浮液或者乳液，所谓的一定浓度是使铈以至少等于5，优选10ppm(重量)的浓度存在于所说的发动机燃料中。
所说的“假溶”包括悬浮液或者乳液，它们尽管不是严格意义上构成溶液，但在烃中是足够稳定的以使在正常条件下在油箱中使用过程中不会发生乳液或者悬浮液的严重改性。
燃料中铈的浓度为10-500，优选50-200ppm(重量)是有利的。
可以确信只要这些溶液在普通发动机燃料，特别是普通气油中是稳定的，采用铈III盐的溶液就可获得良好的保护效果。如果无法控制它们在加入到燃料，一般是气油中之后短时间内的形态，优选在最后时刻或者以即时的方式加入铈化合物。
当所说的铈化合物选自择铈IV化合物时，其可进一步具有可以高浓度加入的优点，这就减少了在即时加入情况下所需油箱的大小。因此，能够获得其可高达15％、通常是20％、甚至30％铈的浓度。
四价化合物的另一个优点是它们比三价化合物更加稳定。
良好保护的优选实施例通过燃烧含有至少一种铈IV化合物(呈溶胶或者溶液的形式)的燃料、或者发动机燃料(可以含有或者不含有添加剂，如气油)获得，例如在以本申请人名义申请的欧洲专利申请No.83401152.0中所述的。
在进行本发明的研究过程中，所说的铈IV化合物选自溶胶是有利的。
为了获得良好的保护，优选燃烧通过在燃料或者发动机燃料中稀释，优选即时稀释如以商标Solvesso150出售的石油馏份的浓缩溶胶(至少15-20％的氧化铈(CeO2))获得的溶胶，该溶胶通过优选是直链C15-C25脂肪酸，如油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸或者硬脂酸而得到稳定化处理，形成溶胶的颗粒的流体动力学尺寸在1-20纳米是有利的。
在燃料，特别是气油中铈的浓度在10-200ppm、优选50-150ppm是有利的。
将铈与要被保护的合金表面接触的技术可以转移到不是针对发动机的应用上；特别是它可以使任何与由含有可溶或假溶铈化合物的液态烃形成的火焰接触的表面受到保护。
当没有摩擦时，该保护可一劳永逸地获得或者多次更新。
这种保护在当其用于含有铬基团或者铝基团，优选是铬和铝的三价金属的合金时尤为实用的和有效的。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种保护发动机的方法。
这种目的可通过包括下列连续或者同时进行的步骤的方法来完成：
-将有机可溶或者可假溶的铈化合物加入到内燃机的燃料中；
-通过运转内燃机来调节发动机；
-往发动机中加入其中铈含量至少等于10ppm的发动机燃料。
为了获得良好的结果并且为了检测效果，发动机预调节的时间必须是使被认为已加入到内燃机中的铈的量至少等于每升容积1克，有利的是10克并优选20克。
因此，根据本发明，可以通过改变铈在内燃机的发动机燃料中的浓度来改变所说调节的持续时间。但是，铈的浓度希望不超过每升燃料10克，优选每升1克。
如果需要通过采用普通发动机燃料来调节发动机，必需等至少五十个小时，优选约100个小时，但是在发动机没有或者很少被铈保护的过程中预调节实际上只表示正常运转。
下面非限定性实施例说明本发明。实施例
为评价燃油和其添加剂的性能对于发动机磨损所产生的影响而设计本试验。
磨损性能特征通过分析在所用的内燃机油中的痕量金属(在此是指铁)来测定。
该试验采用在循环条件下运行130小时的V6 4.3 1 Oldsmobile柴油机(1983)。
下面给出临界使用参数
| 实验循环 | 每分钟的转数 | 发动机燃料的温度 | 操作的持续时间 |
| 步骤1 | 1780 | 最高120℃ | 10分钟 |
| 步骤2 | 1200 | 最高120℃ | 5分钟 |
每隔40小时，将内燃机停机20小时。
所有结果列于下表：
| 运转X小时之后油中的铁含量(ppm) | |||||
| 40小时 | 80小时 | 120小时 | 160小时 | 200小时 | |
| 没有添加剂 | 130 | 220 | 330 | 380 | 430 |
| 有添加剂** | 110 | 180 | 230 | 240 | 260 |
| △ | 20* | 40* | 100 | 140 | 170 |
*没有大的差别
**其中被加入浓度为100ppm(以铈含量计)、流体动力直径为10纳米(油酸溶胶)的有机溶胶的添加剂。
Claims (6)
1.含有至少一种铈化合物的添加剂在保护发动机免受磨损和氧化方面的用途，其特征在于选择该化合物以使其溶于或者假溶于液态烃中，并将其以一定浓度加入到提供给内燃机的发动机燃料中以形成一种铈化合物的溶液、溶胶、悬浮液或者乳液，该浓度是使铈以至少等于5、优选10ppm(重量)的浓度存在于所述的发动机燃料中。
2.权利要求1的用途，其特征在于铈在燃料中的浓度为10-500，优选50-200ppm(重量)。
3.权利要求1和2的用途，其特征在于所说的铈化合物选自铈IV化合物。
4.权利要求3的用途，其特征在于所说的铈IV化合物选自溶胶。
5.权利要求4的用途，其特征在于该溶胶是通过将浓缩溶胶在燃料，或者发动机燃料中稀释、优选即时稀释而制成。
6.保护内燃机的方法，其特征在于它包括下面连续的或者同时进行的步骤：
-将有机可溶或者可假溶的铈化合物加入到内燃机的燃料中；
-通过运转内燃机来调节发动机；
-往发动机中加入其中铈含量至少等于10ppm的发动机燃料。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9502158A FR2731009B1 (fr) | 1995-02-24 | 1995-02-24 | Procede de protection des moteurs a combustion interne et application de compose a base de cerium a la protection des moteurs contre l'usure et l'oxydation |
| FR95/02158 | 1995-02-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1176653A true CN1176653A (zh) | 1998-03-18 |
Family
ID=9476473
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96192131A Pending CN1176653A (zh) | 1995-02-24 | 1996-02-21 | 铈化合物在保护内燃机方面的用途 |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0811047A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH11500767A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR19980702258A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1176653A (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU4882196A (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9607117A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2211909A1 (zh) |
| FR (1) | FR2731009B1 (zh) |
| HU (1) | HUP9800072A3 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1996026255A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9610563D0 (en) * | 1996-05-20 | 1996-07-31 | Bp Chemicals Additives | Marine diesel process and fuel therefor |
| AU2002339266A1 (en) | 2001-10-10 | 2003-04-22 | Dominique Bosteels | Combustion process |
| WO2004033867A2 (en) | 2002-10-10 | 2004-04-22 | Dominique Bosteels | Combustion process |
| EP1472319A1 (en) | 2002-01-04 | 2004-11-03 | University Of Dayton | Non-toxic corrosion protection pigments based on cobalt |
| US7235142B2 (en) | 2002-01-04 | 2007-06-26 | University Of Dayton | Non-toxic corrosion-protection rinses and seals based on cobalt |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1317440A (fr) * | 1962-02-09 | 1963-02-08 | Diamond Alkali Co | Préparation de sols d'oxydes métalliques |
| FR2359199A1 (fr) * | 1976-07-22 | 1978-02-17 | Gamlen Naintre Sa | Derives oleosolubles de metaux de terres rares utiles comme adjuvants de combustion dans les moteurs diesel |
| FR2583761B1 (fr) * | 1985-06-20 | 1987-08-14 | Rhone Poulenc Spec Chim | Procede de preparation d'une dispersion colloidale d'un compose de cation metallique en milieu organique et les sols obtenus |
| US4690687A (en) * | 1985-08-16 | 1987-09-01 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Fuel products comprising a lead scavenger |
| AT391873B (de) * | 1988-10-03 | 1990-12-10 | Lang Chem Tech Prod | Waessrige katalysatorloesung sowie brennstoffe |
| FR2637909A1 (fr) * | 1988-10-18 | 1990-04-20 | Rouet Jean | Additifs de combustion comportant des derives metalliques, leur procede de fabrication et leur utilisation |
| ES2088932T3 (es) * | 1989-09-15 | 1996-10-01 | Erc Emissions Reduzierungs Con | Procedimiento para la reduccion selectiva no catalitica de la emision de sustancias dañinas de instalaciones de calderas con combustion por aceite. |
| AT394322B (de) * | 1989-11-02 | 1992-03-10 | Lang Chem Tech Prod | Hydrophile katalysatorloesung zur verbesserten verbrennung von kohlenstoff- und kohlenwasserstoffhaeltigen stoffen, anwendungen der katalysatorloesung, feste brennstoffe sowie oxidationskatalysatoren |
| JP2772156B2 (ja) * | 1991-05-24 | 1998-07-02 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 高温酸化及び高温腐食防止用燃料添加剤 |
| FR2698346B1 (fr) * | 1992-11-25 | 1995-01-27 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Agrégat de cristallites d'oxyde cérique, procédé d'obtention et son utilisation pour réduire les résidus de combustion. |
-
1995
- 1995-02-24 FR FR9502158A patent/FR2731009B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-02-21 WO PCT/FR1996/000273 patent/WO1996026255A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-02-21 CN CN96192131A patent/CN1176653A/zh active Pending
- 1996-02-21 AU AU48821/96A patent/AU4882196A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-02-21 EP EP96904885A patent/EP0811047A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-02-21 CA CA002211909A patent/CA2211909A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1996-02-21 JP JP8525454A patent/JPH11500767A/ja active Pending
- 1996-02-21 BR BR9607117A patent/BR9607117A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-02-21 HU HU9800072A patent/HUP9800072A3/hu unknown
- 1996-02-21 KR KR1019970705655A patent/KR19980702258A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2731009A1 (fr) | 1996-08-30 |
| WO1996026255A1 (fr) | 1996-08-29 |
| EP0811047A1 (fr) | 1997-12-10 |
| MX9706401A (es) | 1997-11-29 |
| HUP9800072A3 (en) | 1998-06-29 |
| CA2211909A1 (fr) | 1996-08-29 |
| KR19980702258A (ko) | 1998-07-15 |
| FR2731009B1 (fr) | 1997-04-04 |
| JPH11500767A (ja) | 1999-01-19 |
| AU4882196A (en) | 1996-09-11 |
| HUP9800072A2 (hu) | 1998-05-28 |
| BR9607117A (pt) | 1997-11-04 |
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