CN117664730A - Testing arrangement based on decentralized control system - Google Patents
Testing arrangement based on decentralized control system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a testing device based on a distributed control system, which comprises a rack, wherein the top end of the rack is provided with a bottom plate, one side of the top end of the bottom plate is provided with a steel pipe storage box, the side wall of the steel pipe storage box is provided with an outlet, and the outlet is provided with an orderly feeding mechanism; two groups of steel pipe supporting mechanisms are symmetrically arranged below the ordered feeding mechanism and in the middle of the bottom plate, two groups of steel pipe heating mechanisms are symmetrically arranged between the two groups of steel pipe supporting mechanisms, and one end, close to the outer part of the frame, of the steel pipe supporting mechanism is provided with a steel pipe pulling and clamping mechanism; the top that just is located orderly feed mechanism of steel pipe supporting mechanism is provided with the fixed plate, and the bottom of fixed plate is provided with the camera. The invention can carry out tensile test on a plurality of steel pipes, improves the efficiency, reduces the complexity of testers, can process a plurality of tasks in parallel, and can continue to operate even if one part fails.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of testing, in particular to a testing device based on a distributed control system.
Background
The distributed control system (Distributed Control System, abbreviated as DCS) is a distributed control system. This is a computerized control system for large complex industrial process control. In such a system, the control elements are not centralized (e.g., on a central computer), but rather are distributed throughout the system, with each part or subsystem having its own control elements.
The steel pipe needs to be tested after production, the test is mainly used for ensuring the quality of the steel pipe and meeting the requirements of specific application scenes, and the test device is used for measuring and analyzing important indexes of the steel pipe and ensuring the performance and safety of the steel pipe in various applications. For a batch of steel pipes to be tested, how to realize orderly automatic feeding by a testing device is a problem to be solved in the present urgent need.
For example, chinese patent 201410222651.5 discloses a metal pipe stretching device, which includes a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a first buffer member and a second buffer member, wherein the first buffer member and the second buffer member respectively include an annular buffer structure and a buffer joint, a fixing rod is disposed at one side of the buffer joint, and the fixing rod is perpendicular to the annular buffer structure, so that internal pressure and axial stretching dual load testing can be performed on the pipe. However, the above device has the following disadvantages that for the steel pipes to be tested, if the number is only one, only a tester is required to place the steel pipes in the test area, but if a batch of steel pipes are tested, an orderly automatic feeding mechanism is required, otherwise, the tester is troublesome to operate, and the test efficiency is lower.
For the problems in the related art, no effective solution has been proposed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the related art, the invention provides a testing device based on a distributed control system, so as to overcome the technical problems in the prior art.
For this purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a testing device based on a distributed control system comprises a rack, wherein the top end of the rack is provided with a bottom plate, one side of the top end of the bottom plate is provided with a steel pipe storage box, the side wall of the steel pipe storage box is provided with an outlet, and the outlet is provided with an ordered feeding mechanism; two groups of steel pipe supporting mechanisms are symmetrically arranged below the ordered feeding mechanism and in the middle of the bottom plate, two groups of steel pipe heating mechanisms are symmetrically arranged between the two groups of steel pipe supporting mechanisms, and one end, close to the outer part of the frame, of the steel pipe supporting mechanism is provided with a steel pipe pulling and clamping mechanism; the top that just is located orderly feed mechanism of steel pipe supporting mechanism is provided with the fixed plate, and the bottom of fixed plate is provided with the camera.
Further, in order to enable a plurality of steel pipes in the steel pipe storage box to pass orderly, and then each steel pipe can be automatically fed, automatic feeding is achieved, testing efficiency is improved, complexity of testers is reduced, the orderly feeding mechanism comprises a feeding plate arranged at an outlet, a support is arranged at the top end of the feeding plate, a plurality of connecting rods are arranged at the top end of the support, square plates are arranged at the bottom ends of the connecting rods, a mounting plate is arranged on one side of the top of the support, a first electric cylinder is arranged on the side wall of the mounting plate, a driving plate is arranged on an output shaft of the first electric cylinder and located between the connecting rods, and two driving blocks with opposite directions are arranged at the bottom end of the driving plate; the bottom end of the driving block is provided with an inclined plane, a guide rod is arranged below the inclined plane, the bottom end of the guide rod penetrates through the square plate and extends to the lower side of the square plate, the top end of the guide rod is provided with a mounting block, the middle part of the mounting block is provided with a cam follower, the top end of the cam follower is contacted with the inclined plane, the bottom end of the mounting block is provided with a shaft shoulder positioned on the guide rod, and a spring is sleeved between the bottom end of the shaft shoulder and the top end of the square plate and positioned on the outer side of the guide rod; the bottom of guide bar is provided with the diaphragm, and the top that the bottom of diaphragm just is located the loading board is provided with a plurality of bars that block.
Further, in order to be able to support the steel pipe, and restrict the position of steel pipe, prevent that the position of steel pipe from putting uncertainty, steel pipe supporting mechanism is including setting up in order feed mechanism's below and being located the supporting shoe at bottom plate middle part, and the top middle part of supporting shoe is provided with the standing groove, and one side that orderly feed mechanism was kept away from on the top of supporting shoe sets up first dog, and the top opposite side of supporting shoe is provided with the second dog, and the height that highly is greater than the second dog of first dog.
Further, in order to raise the temperature of the steel tube during the test when the steel tube needs to be heated, and then the tensile property of the steel tube during the temperature rise of the test department can be tested, the steel tube heating mechanism comprises a first L-shaped supporting plate arranged between two groups of steel tube supporting mechanisms, a second electric cylinder is arranged on the side wall of the first L-shaped supporting plate, an arc-shaped mounting plate is arranged on the output shaft of the second electric cylinder, and a heating plate is arranged on the inner wall of the arc-shaped mounting plate.
Further, in order to clamp two ends of a steel pipe, the steel pipe pulling and clamping mechanism comprises a fixed base which is arranged at one end, close to the outer part of the frame, of the steel pipe supporting mechanism, a first sliding groove is formed in the top of the fixed base, a movable frame is arranged above the first sliding groove, second sliding grooves are formed in two sides of the inner part of the movable frame, two clamping blocks which are vertically symmetrical are arranged between the two second sliding grooves, clamping grooves are formed in one side, opposite to the two clamping blocks, of each clamping block, and second sliding blocks are arranged at two ends of each clamping block and located in the second sliding grooves; a motor mounting frame is arranged on the outer side wall of the movable frame, a motor is arranged on the motor mounting frame, an output shaft of the motor extends into the movable frame and is connected with a disc, two arc-shaped grooves are formed in the side wall of the disc and are symmetrically arranged, a pin shaft is arranged at one end, close to the disc, of each clamping block, one end, far away from the clamping block, of each pin shaft extends into the corresponding arc-shaped groove, and a steel pipe stop block is arranged between the two clamping blocks; the bottom of motor mounting bracket just is provided with first slider in being located first spout.
Further, in order to stretch the steel pipe, accomplish the tensile test of steel pipe, unable adjustment base keeps away from the one end of steel pipe supporting mechanism and is provided with the second L shape backup pad, is provided with the third jar on the lateral wall of second L shape backup pad, and the output shaft and the lateral wall of motor mounting bracket of third jar are connected.
Further, the camera is connected with the steel pipe stretching abnormality identification module;
the camera is used for shooting the steel pipe subjected to the tensile test and acquiring a test image;
the steel tube stretching abnormality identification module is used for receiving the test image and judging whether the steel tube stretching is abnormal or not;
the step of receiving the test image and judging whether the steel tube stretching is abnormal or not comprises the following steps:
acquiring pixel values and image sizes of the test image, calculating horizontal projection and vertical projection to obtain image characteristic values, extracting edges of the test image, and calculating a boundary matrix, a center boundary matrix and a standardized boundary matrix to obtain the total number of sub-blocks;
and obtaining sample data, determining the hyperplane classification by using the sample data and the vector transposition, optimizing the hyperplane classification, and judging whether the steel pipe is broken or not.
Further, the obtaining the pixel value and the image size of the test image, calculating the horizontal projection and the vertical projection to obtain the image characteristic value, extracting the edge of the test image, and calculating the boundary matrix, the center boundary matrix and the standardized boundary matrix to obtain the total number of sub-blocks comprises the following steps:
acquiring the size of the test image and the RGB value of each pixel, and summing the pixel values of each row in the test image to obtain a horizontal projection array;
summing the pixel values of each column to obtain a vertical projection array;
taking the horizontal projection array and the vertical projection array as image characteristic values;
extracting the edge of the test image by using a Canny algorithm, dividing the test image into m rows and n columns of sub-blocks, and calculating the boundary pixel value of each sub-block to obtain an m multiplied by n boundary matrix;
subtracting the boundary pixel value of the center sub-block from the boundary pixel value of each sub-block to obtain a center boundary matrix;
dividing the center boundary matrix by the standard deviation of the horizontal projection array and the vertical projection array to obtain a standardized boundary matrix;
and calculating the maximum value of the standardized boundary matrix to obtain the total number of the sub-blocks.
Further, the step of obtaining sample data, determining a hyperplane classification by using the sample data and the vector transposition, optimizing the hyperplane classification, and judging whether the steel pipe is broken comprises the following steps:
obtaining a plurality of steel tube tensile test images, wherein part of the steel tube tensile test images are fracture images, and the other part of the steel tube tensile test images are unbroken images, and the unbroken images are used as sample data;
using vector transposition, dividing sample data into two types of hyperplanes, namely broken hyperplanes and unbroken hyperplanes;
optimizing a hyperplane: the distance between two types of samples which are broken and unbroken is maximized, and the classification precision is improved;
and judging whether the input steel tube tensile test image belongs to fracture or not by utilizing the optimized hyperplane.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention can carry out tensile test on a plurality of steel pipes, improves the efficiency, reduces the complexity of testers, can process a plurality of tasks in parallel, and can continue to operate even if one part fails.
(2) Through being provided with orderly feed mechanism to can pass through a plurality of steel pipes orderly in the steel pipe bin, and then can be automatic carry out the material loading to every steel pipe, realize automatic material loading, improve test efficiency, reduce tester's loaded down with trivial details degree.
(3) The steel pipe supporting mechanism is arranged, so that the steel pipe can be supported, the position of the steel pipe is limited, and the position of the steel pipe is prevented from being placed indefinitely; by arranging the steel pipe pulling and clamping mechanism, two ends of the steel pipe can be clamped, the steel pipe can be stretched, and the stretching test of the steel pipe is completed; meanwhile, by arranging the steel tube heating mechanism, when the steel tube needs to be heated, the temperature of the steel tube during testing is increased, and the tensile property of the steel tube at the test position during temperature increase can be improved.
(4) The invention uses computer vision and machine learning technology, can realize automatic identification and classification of the steel pipe tensile test, greatly reduces the workload of manual inspection, reduces the possibility of misjudgment, and has good generalization capability for unknown new samples. The invention considers various characteristics of the image such as the size, RGB value, horizontal projection, vertical projection and the like, classifies the image by using the hyperplane, and can obtain more accurate results by integrating the various characteristics than the method which only depends on a single characteristic.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test apparatus based on a distributed control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at A;
FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged view at B in FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a steel tube clamping mechanism in a test device based on a distributed control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective assembly view of a mobile rack in a test apparatus based on a decentralized control system according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an ordered feeding mechanism in a test device based on a distributed control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 6 at C;
fig. 8 is a connection block diagram of a steel pipe stretching abnormality identification module and a camera in a test device based on a distributed control system according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure:
1. a frame; 2. a bottom plate; 3. a steel pipe storage tank; 4. an outlet; 5. an ordered feeding mechanism; 501. a loading plate; 502. a bracket; 503. a connecting rod; 504. a square plate; 505. a mounting plate; 506. a first electric cylinder; 507. a driving plate; 508. a driving block; 509. an inclined plane; 510. a guide rod; 511. a mounting block; 512. a cam follower; 513. a shaft shoulder; 514. a spring; 515. a cross plate; 516. a blocking lever; 6. a steel pipe supporting mechanism; 601. a support block; 602. a placement groove; 603. a first stopper; 604. a second stopper; 7. a steel pipe heating mechanism; 701. a first L-shaped support plate; 702. a second electric cylinder; 703. an arc-shaped mounting plate; 704. a heating sheet; 8. a steel pipe pulling and clamping mechanism; 801. a fixed base; 802. a first chute; 803. a moving rack; 804. a second chute; 805. a clamping block; 806. a clamping groove; 807. a second slider; 808. a motor mounting rack; 809. a motor; 810. a disc; 811. an arc-shaped groove; 812. a pin shaft; 813. a steel pipe stop block; 814. a first slider; 815. a second L-shaped support plate; 816. a third electric cylinder; 9. a fixing plate; 10. a camera; 11. and a steel pipe stretching abnormality identification module.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of further illustrating the various embodiments, the present invention provides the accompanying drawings, which are a part of the disclosure of the present invention, and which are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the embodiments, and with reference to these descriptions, one skilled in the art will recognize other possible implementations and advantages of the present invention, wherein elements are not drawn to scale, and like reference numerals are generally used to designate like elements.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a test apparatus based on a distributed control system.
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-8, a testing device based on a distributed control system according to an embodiment of the invention comprises a rack 1, wherein the top end of the rack 1 is provided with a bottom plate 2, one side of the top end of the bottom plate 2 is provided with a steel pipe storage box 3, the side wall of the steel pipe storage box 3 is provided with an outlet 4, the outlet 4 is provided with an orderly feeding mechanism 5, wherein the side wall of the top of the steel pipe storage box 3 is also provided with a steel pipe inlet, and for a tester with low height, the steel pipe can be put into the steel pipe storage box 3 through the steel pipe inlet; two groups of steel pipe supporting mechanisms 6 are symmetrically arranged below the ordered feeding mechanism 5 and in the middle of the bottom plate 2, two groups of steel pipe heating mechanisms 7 are symmetrically arranged between the two groups of steel pipe supporting mechanisms 6, and one end, close to the outer part of the frame 1, of the steel pipe supporting mechanism 6 is provided with a steel pipe pulling and clamping mechanism 8; the top that just is located orderly feed mechanism 5 of steel pipe supporting mechanism 6 is provided with fixed plate 9, and the bottom of fixed plate 9 is provided with camera 10.
By means of the scheme, the tensile test can be conducted on a plurality of steel pipes, the efficiency is improved, the complexity of testers is reduced, a plurality of tasks can be processed in parallel, and even if one part fails, the other parts can still continue to operate.
The orderly feeding mechanism 5, the steel pipe heating mechanism 7, the steel pipe clamping mechanism 8 and the camera 10 are controlled by independent controllers and distributed in each part of the whole system, so that a plurality of tasks can be processed in parallel. While each controller is connected via a communication network. Distributed control is achieved by allowing data to flow between the various parts of the system through this network connection.
In one embodiment, for the above-mentioned ordered feeding mechanism 5, the ordered feeding mechanism 5 includes a feeding plate 501 disposed at the outlet 4, a bracket 502 is disposed at the top end of the feeding plate 501, a plurality of connecting rods 503 are disposed at the top end of the bracket 502, a square plate 504 is disposed at the bottom end of the plurality of connecting rods 503, a mounting plate 505 is disposed at one side of the top of the bracket 502, a first electric cylinder 506 is disposed on the side wall of the mounting plate 505, a driving plate 507 is disposed on the output shaft of the first electric cylinder 506, the driving plate 507 is disposed between the plurality of connecting rods 503, and two driving blocks 508 with opposite directions are disposed at the bottom end of the driving plate 507; the bottom end of the driving block 508 is provided with an inclined plane 509, a guide rod 510 is arranged below the inclined plane 509, the bottom end of the guide rod 510 penetrates through the square plate 504 and extends to the lower side of the square plate 504, the top end of the guide rod 510 is provided with a mounting block 511, the middle part of the mounting block 511 is provided with a cam follower 512, the top end of the cam follower 512 is contacted with the inclined plane 509, the bottom end of the mounting block 511 is provided with a shaft shoulder 513 positioned on the guide rod 510, and a spring 514 is sleeved between the bottom end of the shaft shoulder 513 and the top end of the square plate 504 and positioned outside the guide rod 510; the bottom of guide bar 510 is provided with diaphragm 515, and the bottom of diaphragm 515 just is located the top of loading board 501 and is provided with a plurality of blocking rods 516 to can pass through a plurality of steel pipes in the steel pipe bin 3 orderly, and then can be automatic carry out the material loading to every steel pipe, realize automatic material loading, improve test efficiency, reduced tester's loaded down with trivial details degree.
The working principle of the ordered feeding mechanism 5 is as follows: first, the driving plate 507 connected to the output shaft is driven to move back and forth by controlling the expansion and contraction of the first cylinder 506. The drive blocks 508 on the drive plate 507 move in synchronism therewith. The bottom of the driving block 508 is provided with a slope 509, and the slope 509 is in contact with the cam follower 512, so that when the driving block 508 moves forward and backward, the slope 509 pushes the cam follower 512 to rise or fall. The cam follower 512 is connected to the guide rod 510, so that the entire guide rod 510 is also displaced up and down by the movement of the cam follower 512. In this case, since the directions of the two driving blocks 508 are opposite, the movement directions of the guide bars 510 are opposite.
The bottom of the guide bar 510 is connected with a cross plate 515 and a blocking bar 516, and the cross plate 515 and the blocking bar 516 move up and down during the up and down movement of the guide bar 510. And the two blocking rods 516 move in opposite directions, and the opposite movements of the blocking rods 516 and the transverse plates 515 can release one steel pipe and block the following steel pipe, so that orderly feeding is realized.
In one embodiment, for the steel pipe supporting mechanism 6, the steel pipe supporting mechanism 6 includes a supporting block 601 disposed below the ordered feeding mechanism 5 and located in the middle of the bottom plate 2, a placing groove 602 is disposed in the middle of the top end of the supporting block 601, a first stop 603 is disposed on one side, far away from the ordered feeding mechanism 5, of the top end of the supporting block 601, a second stop 604 is disposed on the other side of the top end of the supporting block 601, and the height of the first stop 603 is greater than that of the second stop 604, so that the steel pipe can be supported, the position of the steel pipe can be limited, and the position placement of the steel pipe can be prevented from being uncertain.
In one embodiment, for the steel pipe heating mechanism 7, the steel pipe heating mechanism 7 includes a first L-shaped support plate 701 disposed between two groups of steel pipe support mechanisms 6, a second electric cylinder 702 is disposed on a side wall of the first L-shaped support plate 701, an arc-shaped mounting plate 703 is disposed on an output shaft of the second electric cylinder 702, and a heating plate 704 is disposed on an inner wall of the arc-shaped mounting plate 703, so that when the steel pipe needs to be heated, the temperature of the steel pipe during testing is raised, and further the tensile property of the steel pipe at the test position when the temperature of the steel pipe rises can be tested.
The working principle of the steel tube heating mechanism 7 is as follows: the second electric cylinder 702 is started, the output shaft of the second electric cylinder 702 drives the arc-shaped mounting plate 703 and the heating plate 704 to be close to the steel pipe, the steel pipe is added after the heating plate 704 is electrified, and after heating, the second electric cylinder 702 drives the arc-shaped mounting plate 703 and the heating plate 704 to return to the original position.
In one embodiment, for the steel pipe pulling and clamping mechanism 8, the steel pipe pulling and clamping mechanism 8 includes a fixed base 801 disposed at one end of the steel pipe supporting mechanism 6 near the outside of the frame 1, a first sliding groove 802 is disposed at the top end of the fixed base 801, a moving frame 803 is disposed above the first sliding groove 802, two second sliding grooves 804 are disposed at two sides of the inside of the moving frame 803, two clamping blocks 805 which are vertically symmetrical are disposed between the two second sliding grooves 804, clamping grooves 806 are disposed at opposite sides of the two clamping blocks 805, and second sliding blocks 807 are disposed at two ends of the clamping blocks 805 and located in the second sliding grooves 804; a motor mounting frame 808 is arranged on the outer side wall of the movable frame 803, a motor 809 is arranged on the motor mounting frame 808, an output shaft of the motor 809 extends into the movable frame 803 and is connected with a disc 810, two arc-shaped grooves 811 are arranged on the side wall of the disc 810, the two arc-shaped grooves 811 are symmetrically arranged, a pin shaft 812 is arranged at one end of the clamping block 805 close to the disc 810, one end of the pin shaft 812 away from the clamping block 805 extends into the corresponding arc-shaped groove 811, and a steel pipe stop block 813 is arranged between the two clamping blocks 805; a first slider 814 is disposed at the bottom end of the motor mount 808 and within the first chute 802; the fixed base 801 is provided with second L shape backup pad 815 away from the one end of steel pipe supporting mechanism 6, is provided with third electric jar 816 on the lateral wall of second L shape backup pad 815, and the output shaft of third electric jar 816 is connected with the lateral wall of motor mounting bracket 808 to can clip the both ends of steel pipe, can tensile steel pipe, accomplish the tensile test of steel pipe.
The working principle of the steel pipe pulling and clamping mechanism 8 is as follows: the extension and retraction of the third electric cylinder 816 can be controlled to drive the movable frame and related parts thereof to advance and retract. When the steel pipe needs to be clamped, the two clamping blocks 805 are pushed to the end positions of the steel pipe, the end parts of the steel pipe are abutted against the side walls of the steel pipe stop blocks 813, the motor 809 transmits power to the disc 810 connected with the motor 809 through the output shaft of the motor, the disc 810 rotates along with the motor 809, and the clamping blocks 805 move up and down along the second sliding groove 804 due to the cooperation of the two arc grooves 811 and the pin shaft 812, so that the gap between the two clamping blocks 805 is adjusted, and the steel pipe can be clamped.
When the steel pipe needs to be stretched, the output shaft of the third electric cylinder 816 is controlled to recover, and then the steel pipe can be drawn for testing.
In one embodiment, the camera 10 is connected with a steel pipe stretching abnormality identification module 11;
the camera 10 is used for shooting a steel pipe subjected to a tensile test and acquiring a test image;
the steel tube stretching abnormality identification module 11 is configured to receive the test image and determine whether an abnormality occurs in stretching of the steel tube;
the step of receiving the test image and judging whether the steel tube stretching is abnormal or not comprises the following steps:
acquiring pixel values and image sizes (width and height) of the test image, calculating horizontal projection and vertical projection to obtain image characteristic values, extracting edges of the test image, and calculating a boundary matrix, a center boundary matrix and a standardized boundary matrix to obtain the total number of sub-blocks;
and obtaining sample data, determining the hyperplane classification by using the sample data and the vector transposition, optimizing the hyperplane classification, and judging whether the steel pipe is broken or not.
In this embodiment, the obtaining the pixel value and the image size of the test image, calculating the horizontal projection and the vertical projection to obtain the image feature value, extracting the edge of the test image, and calculating the boundary matrix, the center boundary matrix and the standardized boundary matrix to obtain the total number of sub-blocks includes the following steps:
acquiring the size of the test image and the RGB value of each pixel, summing the pixel values of each row in the test image to obtain a horizontal projection array, and reflecting the longitudinal gray level change of the test image;
summing the pixel values of each column to obtain a vertical projection array, and reflecting the transverse gray level change of the test image;
taking the horizontal projection array and the vertical projection array as image characteristic values;
extracting the edge of the test image by using a Canny algorithm, dividing the test image into m rows and n columns of sub-blocks, and calculating the boundary pixel value of each sub-block to obtain an m multiplied by n boundary matrix;
it should be noted that, the Canny edge detection (optimal edge detection) algorithm is an edge detection method, which includes the following five steps:
noise removal: since edge detection is very sensitive to noise in the test image, noise removal is first required before edge detection is performed.
Calculating gradient strength and direction: the gradient strength and direction of the test image need to be calculated. This can be calculated in the horizontal and vertical directions by applying the Sobel operator to the filtered image.
Non-maximum suppression: the main goal of this step is to refine all edges in the image into "thin lines". By looking for all local maximum gradient intensities in the image and then retaining only these local maxima, all other non-maxima are suppressed.
Hysteresis thresholding: the goal of this step is to determine which edge threads actually make up the edge. This is achieved by setting two thresholds: a high threshold and a low threshold. If the intensity of a thin line of an edge exceeds a high threshold, it is considered an edge. If the intensity of an edge thread is below a low threshold, it is suppressed. If the intensity of a thin line of an edge is between two thresholds, whether it is considered an edge will depend on whether it is connected to a pixel that is determined to be an edge.
Edge connection: the method mainly comprises the step of carrying out connectivity analysis on all edges to obtain complete edges.
Subtracting the boundary pixel value of the center sub-block from the boundary pixel value of each sub-block to obtain a center boundary matrix;
dividing the center boundary matrix by the standard deviation of the horizontal projection array and the vertical projection array to obtain a standardized boundary matrix;
and calculating the maximum value of the standardized boundary matrix to obtain the total number of the sub-blocks. Specifically, the maximum value of the standardized boundary matrix is used as a threshold value, the standardized boundary matrix is subjected to binarization processing, and the number of independent areas meeting the condition (for example, being greater than the threshold value) in the binarization result is counted, wherein the number is the total number of the sub-blocks. The structure and information of the test image can be better understood and analyzed by deriving the total number of sub-blocks.
In this embodiment, the obtaining sample data, determining the hyperplane classification using the sample data and the vector transposition, and optimizing the hyperplane classification, and determining whether the steel pipe is broken includes the following steps:
obtaining a plurality of steel tube tensile test images, wherein part of the steel tube tensile test images are fracture images, and the other part of the steel tube tensile test images are unbroken images, and the unbroken images are used as sample data;
using vector transposition, dividing sample data into two types of hyperplanes, namely broken hyperplanes and unbroken hyperplanes; specifically, the feature vector of each sample data is transposed from a row vector to a column vector, and then a hyperplane is constructed based on the column vectors to divide the sample data into different classifications.
Optimizing a hyperplane: the distance between two types of samples which are broken and unbroken is maximized, and the classification precision is improved;
and judging whether the input steel tube tensile test image belongs to fracture or not by utilizing the optimized hyperplane.
In order to facilitate understanding of the above technical solutions of the present invention, the following describes in detail the working principle or operation manner of the present invention in the actual process.
In practical application, the steel pipe storage box 3 stores the steel pipes to be tested, and the steel pipes are sequentially sent out through the outlet 4 and the sequential feeding mechanism 5. The ordered loading mechanism 5 is responsible for orderly conveying the steel pipes from the steel pipe storage tank 3 to the downstream steel pipe support mechanism 6.
The steel pipe supporting mechanisms 6 are symmetrical structures arranged in the middle of the bottom plate 2 and are responsible for supporting and positioning the sent steel pipes, so that the steel pipes are ensured to be accurate and stable in position in the heating and clamping processes. Two groups of steel pipe heating mechanisms 7 are symmetrically arranged between the two groups of steel pipe supporting mechanisms 6. The steel pipe may be heat treated.
The steel pipe is clamped and stretched by the steel pipe clamping mechanism 8, and the test is completed. The camera 10 photographs and monitors the test process in real time. And the test image is transmitted to the steel tube stretching abnormality identification module 11, and the steel tube stretching abnormality identification module 11 is used for carrying out identification calculation to judge whether the steel tube is broken or not in the stretching test.
In summary, the invention can carry out tensile test on a plurality of steel pipes, improves the efficiency, reduces the complexity of testers, and can process a plurality of tasks in parallel, and even if one part fails, the other parts can still continue to operate. Through being provided with orderly feed mechanism 5 to can pass through a plurality of steel pipes orderly in the steel pipe bin 3, and then can be automatic carry out the material loading to every steel pipe, realize automatic material loading, improve test efficiency, reduce tester's loaded down with trivial details degree. The steel pipe supporting mechanism 6 is arranged, so that the steel pipe can be supported, the position of the steel pipe is limited, and the position arrangement uncertainty of the steel pipe is prevented; by arranging the steel pipe pulling and clamping mechanism 8, two ends of the steel pipe can be clamped, the steel pipe can be stretched, and the stretching test of the steel pipe is completed; meanwhile, by arranging the steel tube heating mechanism 7, when the steel tube needs to be heated, the temperature of the steel tube during testing is increased, and the tensile property of the steel tube at the test position during temperature increase can be further improved. The invention uses computer vision and machine learning technology, can realize automatic identification and classification of the steel pipe tensile test, greatly reduces the workload of manual inspection, reduces the possibility of misjudgment, and has good generalization capability for unknown new samples. The invention considers various characteristics of the image such as the size, RGB value, horizontal projection, vertical projection and the like, classifies the image by using the hyperplane, and can obtain more accurate results by integrating the various characteristics than the method which only depends on a single characteristic.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "configured," "connected," "secured," "screwed," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intermediaries, or in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless explicitly defined otherwise, the meaning of the terms described above in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the specific circumstances.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The testing device based on the distributed control system comprises a rack (1), and is characterized in that a bottom plate (2) is arranged at the top end of the rack (1), a steel pipe storage box (3) is arranged at one side of the top end of the bottom plate (2), an outlet (4) is arranged on the side wall of the steel pipe storage box (3), and an orderly feeding mechanism (5) is arranged at the outlet (4);
two groups of steel pipe supporting mechanisms (6) are symmetrically arranged below the ordered feeding mechanism (5) and positioned in the middle of the bottom plate (2), two groups of steel pipe heating mechanisms (7) are symmetrically arranged between the two groups of steel pipe supporting mechanisms (6), and one end, close to the outer part of the frame (1), of the steel pipe supporting mechanism (6) is provided with a steel pipe pulling and clamping mechanism (8);
the steel pipe supporting mechanism is characterized in that a fixing plate (9) is arranged above the steel pipe supporting mechanism (6) and located at the top end of the ordered feeding mechanism (5), and a camera (10) is arranged at the bottom end of the fixing plate (9).
2. The test device based on the distributed control system according to claim 1, wherein the ordered feeding mechanism (5) comprises a feeding plate (501) arranged at the outlet (4), a bracket (502) is arranged at the top end of the feeding plate (501), a plurality of connecting rods (503) are arranged at the top end of the inside of the bracket (502), square plates (504) are arranged at the bottom ends of the connecting rods (503), a mounting plate (505) is arranged at one side of the top of the bracket (502), a first electric cylinder (506) is arranged on the side wall of the mounting plate (505), a driving plate (507) is arranged on the output shaft of the first electric cylinder (506), the driving plate (507) is arranged among the connecting rods (503), and two driving blocks (508) with opposite directions are arranged at the bottom ends of the driving plate (507);
the bottom of drive piece (508) is provided with inclined plane (509), the below of inclined plane (509) is provided with guiding rod (510), the bottom of guiding rod (510) runs through square board (504) and extends to the below of this square board (504), the top of guiding rod (510) is provided with installation piece (511), the middle part of installation piece (511) is provided with cam follower (512), the top of cam follower (512) with inclined plane (509) contact, the bottom of installation piece (511) just is located be provided with shoulder (513) on guiding rod (510), the bottom of shoulder (513) with between the top of square board (504) and be located outside cover of guiding rod (510) is equipped with spring (514).
3. The test device based on a distributed control system according to claim 2, wherein a transverse plate (515) is arranged at the bottom end of the guide rod (510), and a plurality of blocking rods (516) are arranged at the bottom end of the transverse plate (515) and above the feeding plate (501).
4. A test device based on a decentralized control system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the steel tube supporting mechanism (6) comprises a supporting block (601) arranged below the ordered feeding mechanism (5) and located in the middle of the bottom plate (2), a placing groove (602) is arranged in the middle of the top end of the supporting block (601), a first stop block (603) is arranged on one side, away from the ordered feeding mechanism (5), of the top end of the supporting block (601), a second stop block (604) is arranged on the other side of the top end of the supporting block (601), and the height of the first stop block (603) is larger than that of the second stop block (604).
5. The test device based on a distributed control system according to claim 4, wherein the steel tube heating mechanism (7) comprises a first L-shaped support plate (701) arranged between two groups of steel tube support mechanisms (6), a second electric cylinder (702) is arranged on the side wall of the first L-shaped support plate (701), an arc-shaped mounting plate (703) is arranged on the output shaft of the second electric cylinder (702), and a heating plate (704) is arranged on the inner wall of the arc-shaped mounting plate (703).
6. The test device based on the distributed control system according to claim 5, wherein the steel pipe pulling and clamping mechanism (8) comprises a fixed base (801) which is arranged at one end of the steel pipe supporting mechanism (6) close to the outside of the frame (1), a first sliding groove (802) is arranged at the top end of the fixed base (801), a movable frame (803) is arranged above the first sliding groove (802), second sliding grooves (804) are arranged at two inner sides of the movable frame (803), two clamping blocks (805) which are symmetrical up and down are arranged between the two second sliding grooves (804), clamping grooves (806) are arranged at two opposite sides of the two clamping blocks (805), and second sliding blocks (807) are arranged at two ends of the clamping blocks (805) and positioned in the second sliding grooves (804);
the novel steel pipe clamping device is characterized in that a motor mounting frame (808) is arranged on the outer side wall of the movable frame (803), a motor (809) is arranged on the motor mounting frame (808), an output shaft of the motor (809) extends to the inside of the movable frame (803) and is connected with a disc (810), two arc-shaped grooves (811) are formed in the side wall of the disc (810), the two arc-shaped grooves (811) are symmetrically arranged, a pin shaft (812) is arranged at one end, close to the disc (810), of each clamping block (805), and one end, far away from the clamping block (805), of each pin shaft (812) extends into the corresponding arc-shaped groove (811), and a steel pipe stop block (813) is arranged between the two clamping blocks (805);
a first sliding block (814) is arranged at the bottom end of the motor mounting frame (808) and located in the first sliding groove (802).
7. The test device based on the distributed control system according to claim 6, wherein a second L-shaped support plate (815) is arranged at one end of the fixing base (801) far away from the steel pipe support mechanism (6), a third electric cylinder (816) is arranged on the side wall of the second L-shaped support plate (815), and an output shaft of the third electric cylinder (816) is connected with the side wall of the motor mounting frame (808).
8. The test device based on the distributed control system according to claim 1, wherein the camera (10) is connected with a steel pipe stretching abnormality identification module (11);
the camera (10) is used for shooting the steel pipe subjected to the tensile test and acquiring a test image;
the steel tube stretching abnormality identification module (11) is used for receiving the test image and judging whether the steel tube stretching is abnormal or not;
the step of receiving the test image and judging whether the steel tube stretching is abnormal or not comprises the following steps:
acquiring pixel values and image sizes of the test image, calculating horizontal projection and vertical projection to obtain image characteristic values, extracting edges of the test image, and calculating a boundary matrix, a center boundary matrix and a standardized boundary matrix to obtain the total number of sub-blocks;
and obtaining sample data, determining the hyperplane classification by using the sample data and the vector transposition, optimizing the hyperplane classification, and judging whether the steel pipe is broken or not.
9. The distributed control system-based test apparatus of claim 8, wherein the obtaining the pixel values and the image sizes of the test image and calculating the horizontal projection and the vertical projection to obtain the image feature values, extracting the edges of the test image and calculating the boundary matrix, the center boundary matrix and the standardized boundary matrix to obtain the total number of sub-blocks comprises the steps of:
acquiring the size of the test image and the RGB value of each pixel, and summing the pixel values of each row in the test image to obtain a horizontal projection array;
summing the pixel values of each column to obtain a vertical projection array;
taking the horizontal projection array and the vertical projection array as image characteristic values;
extracting the edge of the test image by using a Canny algorithm, dividing the test image into m rows and n columns of sub-blocks, and calculating the boundary pixel value of each sub-block to obtain an m multiplied by n boundary matrix;
subtracting the boundary pixel value of the center sub-block from the boundary pixel value of each sub-block to obtain a center boundary matrix;
dividing the center boundary matrix by the standard deviation of the horizontal projection array and the vertical projection array to obtain a standardized boundary matrix;
and calculating the maximum value of the standardized boundary matrix to obtain the total number of the sub-blocks.
10. The test device based on a distributed control system according to claim 9, wherein the acquiring sample data and determining the hyperplane classification using the sample data and the vector transposition and optimizing the hyperplane classification, determining whether the steel pipe is broken comprises the steps of:
obtaining a plurality of steel tube tensile test images, wherein part of the steel tube tensile test images are fracture images, and the other part of the steel tube tensile test images are unbroken images, and the unbroken images are used as sample data;
using vector transposition, dividing sample data into two types of hyperplanes, namely broken hyperplanes and unbroken hyperplanes;
optimizing a hyperplane: the distance between two types of samples which are broken and unbroken is maximized, and the classification precision is improved;
and judging whether the input steel tube tensile test image belongs to fracture or not by utilizing the optimized hyperplane.
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