CN117660872A - Method for preparing black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer on surface of steel material - Google Patents
Method for preparing black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer on surface of steel material Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
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- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
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Abstract
A method for preparing a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer on the surface of a steel material relates to a method for preparing a modified layer on the surface of the steel material. The method aims to solve the problems that the existing steel material has poor surface wear resistance and corrosion resistance or the wear resistance and corrosion resistance can not be improved simultaneously, and the existing steel material has complex surface modification method or is easy to produce environmental pollution. The method comprises the following steps: firstly polishing the steel material, and cleaning greasy dirt on the surface of the steel material; then nitriding the steel material at low temperature; then, performing post-oxidation on the low-temperature nitriding steel material, and finally performing rust removal and cleaning on the low-temperature nitriding steel material; thus obtaining the black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer on the surface of the steel material. The gradient composite modified layer on the surface of the steel material can reduce the abrasion rate of the steel material, improve the corrosion potential and the corrosion polarization resistance, reduce the corrosion current, remarkably improve the abrasion resistance and the corrosion resistance of the steel material, and simultaneously have high toughness, and the whole process is clean and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing a modified layer on the surface of a steel material.
Background
The steel material is the most widely used material at present, and can be seen everywhere in military or civil use, such as aero-engine blades, spacecraft shells, petrochemical pipelines, various medical appliances and the like. However, with the development of the national science and technology level, the shortcomings of the steel materials are more obvious with the improvement of the living standard of people. Most importantly, the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the alloy are poor, so that the alloy has a short service life in various fields, and various failure modes are easy to occur.
The steel material is treated, so that the abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of the steel material are particularly important under the premise that other performances of the steel material are not affected. The prior method for improving the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance mainly comprises alloying, machining, surface modification and the like, wherein the surface modification is a method commonly used in the metal field, and the surface properties of the workpiece can be changed under the condition of not changing the internal structure of the workpiece, including the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance and the like.
Nitriding and post-oxidation treatment are an emerging surface modification method, and the nitriding and post-oxidation process is that a compound layer is generated on the surface of a material after nitriding or carbonitriding, a thermal diffusion layer is formed inside the material, and then oxidation is carried out to form the compound layer and an oxide layer on the surface of the material, so that the effects of enhancing the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance are achieved.
Patent CN110777323A adopts a conventional gas nitrocarburizing post-oxidation process on the surface of a metal workpiece, adopts a temperature of not lower than 560 ℃ in the nitrocarburizing stage, and adopts a process of NH 3 、N 2 And CO 2 Nitriding for at least 3 hours in a mixed atmosphere, generating a white bright layer on the surface of a metal workpiece after the stage is finished, oxidizing for 25-35 minutes at the temperature of 430-450 ℃ in the first stage by adopting mixed gas of steam and nitrogen, and oxidizing for 10-20 minutes at the temperature of 520-540 ℃ in the second stage by heating to prepare the corrosion-resistant composite layer, wherein the corrosion-resistant composite layer does not have wear-resistant effect. Patent CN108893706A adopts conventional gas nitrocarburizing and post-oxygen for 10# steelNH is used first in chemical compound treatment process 3 、N 2 And CO 2 The mixed gas of (2) is subjected to nitrocarburizing for 2-4 h at 540-600 ℃, and then is subjected to post-oxidation treatment for 1-3 h at 400-510 ℃ by using the composite gas of water vapor and nitrogen, and the surface hardness can reach 450HV 0.1 The corrosion resistance and the wear resistance are improved, and the improvement of the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance is mainly due to the preparation of the composite layer formed by the white bright oxide layer and the epsilon-phase and gamma-phase nitrogen-carbon co-permeation layer. Gong Ming et al (study of ion nitrocarburizing followed by Oxidation composite treatment [ D ]]The composite treatment method of ion nitrocarburizing at 510-570 ℃ and subsequent oxidation by heating to 560 ℃ under the atmosphere of mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen is adopted, the composite infiltration layer of oxide layer, compound layer and diffusion layer is prepared on a 40Cr steel sample, the layer after nitrocarburizing is an epsilon-phase compound layer and gamma-phase diffusion layer, and the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the composite infiltration layer are obviously improved compared with those of a matrix material. The nitriding is conventional nitriding (temperature: 510-560 ℃) plus post-oxidation process, the conventional nitriding usually forms a white bright layer containing epsilon phase, is crisp, usually needs to be removed by a grinding and polishing process, increases the complexity of the process, and the post-oxidation process usually adopts the conventional salt bath furnace for treatment, has the problems of environmental pollution and the like, so that a new composite technology is needed, the process improvement and upgrading are realized, the process is simplified, and the quality of the modified layer is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer on the surface of a steel material, which aims to solve the problems of poor wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of the existing steel material, complex surface modification method of the steel material and easy pollution generation.
The method for preparing the black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer on the surface of the steel material comprises the following steps of
1. The pretreatment step of the steel materials comprises the following steps: polishing the steel material, and cleaning greasy dirt on the surface of the steel material by using a cleaning agent;
2. nitriding the steel material at low temperature: feeding the steel material pretreated in the step one into a separation deviceNitriding in a sub nitriding furnace at a low temperature, wherein the nitrogen-hydrogen ratio is 1 (1-4), the furnace pressure is 100-300 Pa, the nitriding temperature is 380-500 ℃, the nitriding time is 4-12 h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after heat preservation is finished, discharging, and forming a gradient composite phase layer of 20-200 mu m on the surface of the steel material; the gradient composite phase layer consists of surface iron nitride and inner alpha N Phase composition, free of brittle epsilon phase; alpha N The N content of the phase gradually decreases from the surface to the inside;
3. oxidizing the steel material after low-temperature nitriding: putting the steel material subjected to low-temperature nitriding in the second step into heating and heat-preserving equipment, and oxidizing the steel material for 0.5 to 8 hours in an atmospheric environment with the temperature of 450 to 510 ℃ to generate an oxide layer with the thickness of 1 to 2 mu m on the surface of the steel material;
4. and (3) post-treatment of low-temperature nitriding and post-oxidation of the steel material: and (3) rust removal and cleaning are carried out on the oxidized steel material in the step (III), and a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer is obtained on the surface of the steel material.
The principle and the effects of the invention are as follows:
the method comprises the steps of firstly adopting low-temperature ion nitriding to generate a gradient composite phase layer on the surface of a steel sample, wherein the gradient composite phase layer consists of iron nitride gamma' -Fe on the surface 4 N and an internal high nitrogen content alpha N Phase composition, alpha N The N content of the phase gradually decreases from the surface to the inside and does not contain brittle epsilon-Fe 2～3 The N phase can strengthen the binding force of the subsequent oxide layer and the seepage layer, effectively prevent the oxide layer from falling off and improve the toughness of the composite modified layer. In addition, the invention adopts conventional heat treatment heating and heat preservation equipment and adopts residual air in a furnace or convection air to flow in, and the surface part of the seepage layer has high nitrogen content alpha N The phase is decomposed, and decomposed nitrogen atoms diffuse into the material, so that more low nitrogen content alpha is generated N The phase further increases the thickness of the effective hardening layer of the seepage layer, and simultaneously generates compact iron oxide Fe on the surface of the steel material 3 O 4 A layer. Therefore, a gradient composite modified layer is formed, the abrasion rate of the steel material is reduced by more than 88 percent, the corrosion potential is improved, the corrosion current is slightly reduced, the corrosion polarization resistance is improved, and the abrasion resistance of the steel material is obviously improvedHigh corrosion resistance.
Compared with the conventional nitriding, the low-temperature nitriding method has the advantages of being low in nitriding temperature, capable of improving the friction resistance and corrosion resistance of the material, obtaining smaller deformation and lower residual stress, high in efficiency, high in controllability and the like. In the post-oxidation process, the equipment used in the invention is simple, the oxidation step can be completed by using air only, and then the black wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a polarization diagram of a steel material treated in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the wear rate of the steel material treated in example 1;
FIG. 3 is an indentation diagram of a composite modified layer of the steel material treated in example 3;
fig. 4 is an indentation chart of a composite modified layer of the steel material treated in the comparative example.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and also comprises any reasonable combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for preparing the black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer on the surface of the steel material according to the embodiment is carried out according to the following steps of
1. The pretreatment step of the steel materials comprises the following steps: polishing the steel material, and cleaning greasy dirt on the surface of the steel material by using a cleaning agent;
2. nitriding the steel material at low temperature: the steel material pretreated in the first step is sent into an ion nitriding furnace for low-temperature nitriding treatment, the nitrogen-hydrogen ratio is 1 (1-4), the furnace pressure is 100-300 Pa, the nitriding temperature is 380-500 ℃, the nitriding time is 4-12 h, the steel material is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace after heat preservation, and a gradient composite phase layer of 20-200 mu m is formed on the surface of the steel material after the heat preservation is finished; the gradient composite phase layer consists of surface iron nitride and inner alpha N Phase composition, free of brittle epsilon phase; alpha N The N content of the phase gradually decreases from the surface to the inside;
3. oxidizing the steel material after low-temperature nitriding: putting the steel material subjected to low-temperature nitriding in the second step into heating and heat-preserving equipment, and oxidizing the steel material for 0.5 to 8 hours in an atmospheric environment with the temperature of 450 to 510 ℃ to generate an oxide layer with the thickness of 1 to 2 mu m on the surface of the steel material;
4. and (3) post-treatment of low-temperature nitriding and post-oxidation of the steel material: and (3) rust removal and cleaning are carried out on the oxidized steel material in the step (III), and a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer is obtained on the surface of the steel material.
In the embodiment, low-temperature ion nitriding is adopted firstly to generate a gradient composite phase layer on the surface of a steel sample, wherein the gradient composite phase layer consists of iron nitride gamma' -Fe on the surface 4 N and an internal high nitrogen content alpha N Phase composition, alpha N The N content of the phase gradually decreases from the surface to the inside and does not contain brittle epsilon-Fe 2～3 The N phase can strengthen the binding force of the subsequent oxide layer and the seepage layer, effectively prevent the oxide layer from falling off and improve the toughness of the composite modified layer. In addition, the embodiment adopts the conventional heat treatment heating and heat preservation equipment and adopts residual air in a furnace or convection air to lead in, and the surface part of the seepage layer has high nitrogen content alpha N The phase is decomposed, and decomposed nitrogen atoms diffuse into the material, so that more low nitrogen content alpha is generated N The phase further increases the thickness of the effective hardening layer of the seepage layer, and simultaneously generates compact iron oxide Fe on the surface of the steel material 3 O 4 A layer. Therefore, a gradient composite modified layer is formed, the abrasion rate of the steel material is reduced by more than 88%, the corrosion potential is improved, the corrosion current is slightly reduced, the corrosion polarization resistance is improved, and the abrasion resistance and the corrosion resistance of the steel material are obviously improved.
Compared with conventional nitriding, the low-temperature nitriding in the embodiment has the advantages of being low in nitriding temperature, capable of improving the friction resistance and corrosion resistance of the material, low in deformation and residual stress, high in efficiency, high in controllability and the like. In the post-oxidation process, the equipment used in the embodiment is simple, the oxidation step can be completed by using air only, and then a black wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant modified layer is obtained.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment is that: the steel material used in the first step is alloy steel or carbon steel, etc.
And a third specific embodiment: this embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: in the first step, the cleaning agent is acetone or alcohol.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: this embodiment differs from one of the first to third embodiments in that: and step two, nitriding the steel material at a low temperature: and (3) conveying the steel material pretreated in the step one into an ion nitriding furnace for low-temperature nitriding treatment, wherein the nitrogen-hydrogen ratio is 1:2, the furnace pressure is 100-300 Pa, the nitriding temperature is 380-500 ℃, the nitriding time is 4-12 h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after heat preservation is finished, and discharging.
Fifth embodiment: this embodiment differs from one to four embodiments in that: and step two, nitriding the steel material at a low temperature: and (3) feeding the steel material pretreated in the step one into an ion nitriding furnace for low-temperature nitriding treatment, wherein the nitrogen-hydrogen ratio is 1 (1-4), the furnace pressure is 100Pa, the nitriding temperature is 380-500 ℃, the nitriding time is 4-12 h, and after the heat preservation is finished, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and discharging.
Specific embodiment six: this embodiment differs from one of the first to fifth embodiments in that: and step two, nitriding the steel material at a low temperature: and (3) feeding the steel material pretreated in the step one into an ion nitriding furnace for low-temperature nitriding treatment, wherein the nitrogen-hydrogen ratio is 1 (1-4), the furnace pressure is 100-300 Pa, the nitriding temperature is 420 ℃, the nitriding time is 4 hours, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after heat preservation is finished, and discharging.
Seventh embodiment: this embodiment differs from one of the first to sixth embodiments in that: step three, post oxidation of the surface of the low-temperature nitriding steel material: and (3) putting the steel material subjected to low-temperature nitriding in the second step into heating and heat-preserving equipment, and carrying out oxidation treatment for 0.5-8 h in the atmospheric environment at the temperature of 510 ℃.
Eighth embodiment: this embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: step three, post oxidation of the surface of the low-temperature nitriding steel material: and (3) putting the steel material subjected to low-temperature nitriding in the second step into heating and heat-preserving equipment, and oxidizing for 8 hours in an atmospheric environment with the temperature of 450-510 ℃.
Detailed description nine: this embodiment differs from one to eight of the embodiments in that: step three, post oxidation of the surface of the low-temperature nitriding steel material: and (3) putting the steel material subjected to low-temperature nitriding in the second step into heating and heat-preserving equipment, and oxidizing the steel material for 4 hours in the atmospheric environment at the temperature of 480 ℃.
Detailed description ten: this embodiment differs from one of the embodiments one to nine in that: and step three, the heating and heat preserving equipment is a tube furnace, a muffle furnace or a box-type resistance furnace and the like.
Example 1:
1. the pretreatment step of the steel materials comprises the following steps: sequentially polishing 30CrMnSiA by using 80#, 500#, 1000# abrasive paper, and cleaning greasy dirt on the surface of the steel material by using alcohol;
2. nitriding the steel material at low temperature: the 30CrMnSiA pretreated in the first step is sent into an ion nitriding furnace for low-temperature nitriding treatment, the nitrogen-hydrogen ratio is 1:3, the furnace pressure is 100Pa, the nitriding temperature is 420 ℃, the nitriding time is 6 hours, and the furnace is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace after heat preservation is finished, and the furnace is taken out;
3. oxidizing the steel material after low-temperature nitriding: putting the steel material subjected to low-temperature nitriding in the second step into a tube furnace, and oxidizing the steel material for 8 hours in the atmospheric environment at the temperature of 510 ℃;
4. and (3) post-treatment of low-temperature nitriding and post-oxidation of the steel material: and (3) rust removal and cleaning are carried out on the oxidized steel material in the step (III), and a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer is obtained on the surface of the steel material.
FIG. 1 is a polarization diagram of a steel material treated in example 1; FIG. 2 is a graph of wear rates of the steel material treated in example 1; the 30CrMnSiA surface treated in example 1 forms an oxide layer, and the surface is black; the wear rate of 30CrMnSiA in example 1 was varied from 1.59X10 before treatment -6 kg/N.m reduced to 1.7X10 -7 kg/N.m, wearThe rate is reduced by 88.87 percent, and the corrosion potential is increased by about 0.2V under the condition that the corrosion current is basically unchanged.
Example 2:
1. the pretreatment step of the steel materials comprises the following steps: sequentially polishing 30CrMnSiA by using 80# sand paper, 500# sand paper, 1000# sand paper, 1500# sand paper and 2000# sand paper, and cleaning greasy dirt on the surface of the steel material by using acetone;
2. nitriding the steel material at low temperature: the 30CrMnSiA pretreated in the first step is sent into an ion nitriding furnace for low-temperature nitriding treatment, the nitrogen-hydrogen ratio is 1:3, the furnace pressure is 100Pa, the nitriding temperature is 420 ℃, the nitriding time is 4 hours, and the furnace is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace after heat preservation is finished, and the furnace is taken out;
3. oxidizing the steel material after low-temperature nitriding: putting the steel material subjected to low-temperature nitriding in the second step into a tube furnace, and oxidizing the steel material for 4 hours in an atmospheric environment at 480 ℃;
4. and (3) post-treatment of low-temperature nitriding and post-oxidation of the steel material: and (3) rust removal and cleaning are carried out on the oxidized steel material in the step (III), and a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer is obtained on the surface of the steel material.
The 30CrMnSiA surface treated in example 2 is provided with an oxide layer, and the surface is black; the wear rate of 30CrMnSiA after treatment in example 1 was reduced by 52.38% compared with that before treatment, and the corrosion potential was raised by about 0.2V with the corrosion current substantially unchanged.
Example 3:
1. the pretreatment step of the steel materials comprises the following steps: sequentially polishing 42CrMo by using 80# sand paper, 500# sand paper, 1000# sand paper, 1500# sand paper and 2000# sand paper, and cleaning greasy dirt on the surface of the steel material by using alcohol;
2. nitriding the steel material at low temperature: feeding the pretreated 42CrMo in the first step into an ion nitriding furnace for low-temperature nitriding treatment, wherein the nitrogen-hydrogen ratio is 1:2, the furnace pressure is 200Pa, the nitriding temperature is 420 ℃, the nitriding time is 8 hours, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after heat preservation is finished, and discharging;
3. post oxidation of the surface of the low-temperature nitriding steel material: putting the steel material subjected to low-temperature nitriding in the second step into a tube furnace, and oxidizing the steel material for 4 hours in an atmospheric environment at the temperature of 510 ℃;
4. post-treatment of low-temperature nitriding and post-oxidation steel materials: and (3) rust removal and cleaning are carried out on the oxidized steel material in the step (III), and a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer is obtained on the surface of the steel material.
Comparative example:
pretreating 42CrMo material, mechanically polishing with No. 80, no. 500, no. 1000, no. 1500 and No. 2000 sand paper, polishing with 2.5 μm diamond polishing paste, ultrasonically cleaning the material surface with alcohol, and immediately drying; subsequently, the cleaned sample is put into an ion nitriding furnace, and the low-temperature nitriding process is adjusted to be the nitrogen-hydrogen ratio of 1:2, nitriding for 8 hours at a low temperature of 540 ℃ under the furnace pressure of 200Pa, cooling along with the furnace after the completion, and opening the furnace to take out the stainless steel material after the cooling to the room temperature for post-oxidation; and (3) placing the stainless steel material subjected to low-temperature nitriding into a tube furnace, introducing gas in an air convection mode, oxidizing for 4 hours at the temperature of 510 ℃, generating an oxide layer on the surface of the sample at the moment, taking out the sample, and performing rust removal cleaning to obtain a black surface.
The 42CrMo surface treated in example 3 formed an oxide layer, and the surface was black; the corrosion current density of 42CrMo in example 1 was varied from 12.09. Mu.A/cm before treatment 2 Reduced to 7.902 mu A/cm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The corrosion voltage increased from-0.545V for untreated to-0.446V; the wear rate of 42CrMo after treatment in example 1 was reduced by 41.25% compared to that before treatment.
FIG. 3 is an indentation diagram of a composite modified layer of the steel material treated in example 3; fig. 3 shows that the composite modified layer of the steel material treated in example 3 has no epsilon-phase nitriding layer, and only few micro cracks appear around the indentation, which indicates that the toughness is good. Fig. 4 is an indentation diagram of a composite modified layer of the steel material treated in the comparative example, and it can be seen that the steel material treated in the comparative example has an epsilon-phase nitrided layer, and a large piece of flaking phenomenon occurs around the indentation, indicating poor toughness.
Example 4:
1. the pretreatment step of the steel materials comprises the following steps: sequentially polishing 42CrMo by using 80# sand paper, 500# sand paper, 1000# sand paper, 1500# sand paper and 2000# sand paper, and cleaning greasy dirt on the surface of the steel material by using alcohol;
2. nitriding the steel material at low temperature: feeding the pretreated 42CrMo in the first step into an ion nitriding furnace for low-temperature nitriding treatment, wherein the nitrogen-hydrogen ratio is 1:2, the furnace pressure is 200Pa, the nitriding temperature is 420 ℃, the nitriding time is 8 hours, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after heat preservation is finished, and discharging;
3. oxidizing the steel material after low-temperature nitriding: putting the steel material subjected to low-temperature nitriding in the second step into a tube furnace, and oxidizing the steel material for 4 hours in an atmospheric environment at 480 ℃;
4. and (3) post-treatment of low-temperature nitriding and post-oxidation of the steel material: and (3) rust removal and cleaning are carried out on the oxidized steel material in the step (III), and a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer is obtained on the surface of the steel material.
The 42CrMo surface treated in example 4 formed an oxide layer, and the surface was black; the corrosion current density of 42CrMo in example 1 was varied from 12.09. Mu.A/cm before treatment 2 Reduced to 5.408 mu A/cm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The corrosion voltage was increased from-0.545V for untreated to-0.412V; the wear rate of 42CrMo after treatment in example 1 was reduced by 47.60% compared to that before treatment.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer on the surface of a steel material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for preparing the black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer on the surface of the steel material is carried out according to the following steps of
1. The pretreatment step of the steel materials comprises the following steps: polishing the steel material, and cleaning greasy dirt on the surface of the steel material by using a cleaning agent;
2. nitriding the steel material at low temperature: the steel material pretreated in the first step is sent into an ion nitriding furnace for low-temperature nitriding treatment, the nitrogen-hydrogen ratio is 1 (1-4), the furnace pressure is 100-300 Pa, the nitriding temperature is 380-500 ℃, the nitriding time is 4-12 h, and the steel material is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace after heat preservation and is discharged from the furnace;
3. oxidizing the steel material after low-temperature nitriding: putting the steel material subjected to low-temperature nitriding in the second step into heating and heat-preserving equipment, and oxidizing the steel material for 0.5 to 8 hours in an atmospheric environment at the temperature of 450 to 510 ℃ to generate an oxide layer on the surface of the steel material;
4. and (3) post-treatment of low-temperature nitriding and post-oxidation of the steel material: and (3) rust removal and cleaning are carried out on the oxidized steel material in the step (III), and a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer is obtained on the surface of the steel material.
2. The method for preparing a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer on the surface of a steel material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the steel material used in the first step is alloy steel or carbon steel.
3. The method for preparing a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer on the surface of a steel material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, the cleaning agent is acetone or alcohol.
4. The method for preparing a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer on the surface of a steel material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and step two, nitriding the steel material at a low temperature: and (3) conveying the steel material pretreated in the step one into an ion nitriding furnace for low-temperature nitriding treatment, wherein the nitrogen-hydrogen ratio is 1:2, the furnace pressure is 100-300 Pa, the nitriding temperature is 380-500 ℃, the nitriding time is 4-12 h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after heat preservation is finished, and discharging.
5. The method for preparing a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer on the surface of a steel material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and step two, nitriding the steel material at a low temperature: and (3) feeding the steel material pretreated in the step one into an ion nitriding furnace for low-temperature nitriding treatment, wherein the nitrogen-hydrogen ratio is 1 (1-4), the furnace pressure is 100Pa, the nitriding temperature is 380-500 ℃, the nitriding time is 4-12 h, and after the heat preservation is finished, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and discharging.
6. The method for preparing a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer on the surface of a steel material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and step two, nitriding the steel material at a low temperature: and (3) feeding the steel material pretreated in the step one into an ion nitriding furnace for low-temperature nitriding treatment, wherein the nitrogen-hydrogen ratio is 1 (1-4), the furnace pressure is 100-300 Pa, the nitriding temperature is 420 ℃, the nitriding time is 4 hours, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after heat preservation is finished, and discharging.
7. The method for preparing a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer on the surface of a steel material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: step three, post oxidation of the surface of the low-temperature nitriding steel material: and (3) putting the steel material subjected to low-temperature nitriding in the second step into heating and heat-preserving equipment, and carrying out oxidation treatment for 0.5-8 h in the atmospheric environment at the temperature of 510 ℃.
8. The method for preparing a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer on the surface of a steel material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: step three, post oxidation of the surface of the low-temperature nitriding steel material: and (3) putting the steel material subjected to low-temperature nitriding in the second step into heating and heat-preserving equipment, and oxidizing for 8 hours in an atmospheric environment with the temperature of 450-510 ℃.
9. The method for preparing a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer on the surface of a steel material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: step three, post oxidation of the surface of the low-temperature nitriding steel material: and (3) putting the steel material subjected to low-temperature nitriding in the second step into heating and heat-preserving equipment, and oxidizing the steel material for 4 hours in the atmospheric environment at the temperature of 480 ℃.
10. The method for preparing a black wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-toughness modified layer on the surface of a steel material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and step three, the heating and heat preserving equipment is a tube furnace, a muffle furnace or a box-type resistance furnace.
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