CN114317898B - Method for improving abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of ferrite stainless steel surface - Google Patents
Method for improving abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of ferrite stainless steel surface Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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Abstract
A method for improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of a ferritic stainless steel relates to a method for improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of the ferritic stainless steel. Aims to solve the problems that the ferrite stainless steel obtained by adopting the conventional surface strengthening process has poor wear resistance or the corrosion resistance is reduced after the wear resistance is improved. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of solution treatment, annealing treatment and low-temperature diffusion treatment, wherein the low-temperature diffusion treatment process comprises low-temperature nitriding, low-temperature nitrocarburizing and low-temperature carbonitriding. The invention adopts the optimized solid solution and annealing heat treatment process to obtain an annealed structure without sigma precipitated phase and homogenized structure, and adopts low-temperature diffusion treatment to prepare a low-temperature diffusion modified layer, thereby improving the hardness and the wear resistance of the ferrite stainless steel and improving the corrosion resistance of the ferrite stainless steel. The invention is suitable for improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of the ferrite stainless steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of ferrite stainless steel.
Background
Ferritic stainless steels having a chromium content of between 12 and 30wt.% and a body centered cubic crystal structure generally contain no nickel and sometimes contain small amounts of Al, mo, ti, nb and the like elements, the corrosion resistance, toughness and weldability of which are improved with increasing chromium content, belonging to the group consisting of 1Cr17, 1Cr17Mo2Ti, 0Cr25, cr25mo3Ti, cr28 and the like. Because of the shortage of nickel resources in China and the large price fluctuation range of nickel resources in China, the development of ferrite stainless steel without nickel is greatly accelerated. Stainless steel is classified into general ferritic stainless steel and ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel according to purity, in particular, carbon and nitrogen impurity contents. Because of high chromium content, the ferrite stainless steel has better corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, but has poorer mechanical property and technological property, and is mainly applied to the industries of chemical industry, papermaking, electric power and the like. Generally used as acid-resistant structural steel or oxidation-resistant steel with little stress, such as an automobile exhaust system, a washing machine drum, a container, a pipeline, a clamping sleeve and the like of chemical equipment. In addition, ferritic stainless steel is susceptible to sigma precipitation after heat treatment (sigma precipitation phase is Fe-Cr intermetallic compound containing 45wt.% Cr, is nonmagnetic, hard and brittle), and has disadvantages of brittleness at 475 ℃ and high temperature brittleness above 925 ℃, notch sensitivity, high intergranular corrosion tendency, poor weldability and the like, and has limited industrial application. In addition, parts with frictional wear such as ferritic stainless steel cutting ferrule have the problem of poor wear resistance, and the service life of a pipeline system is affected. At present, research on the ferrite stainless steel mainly focuses on development of novel ferrite stainless steel materials, and research on influence of element types and content on strength and wear resistance of the ferrite stainless steel.
The surface modification treatment can effectively improve the surface performance of the stainless steel material, and is an effective means for improving the strength, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel. For ferrite stainless steel, the surface strengthening treatment methods mainly adopted include surface laser cladding, conventional hot diffusion (nitriding, carburizing, nitrocarburizing, carbonitriding and the like), plasma immersion injection and the like, wherein the laser cladding treatment equipment has high requirements, high processing difficulty and high cost; the conventional nitriding, carburizing and nitrocarburizing treatment temperature is higher than 500 ℃, the temperature is high, the energy consumption is high, and the wear resistance of the treated ferrite stainless steel is improved but the corrosion resistance is reduced. The equipment requirement of plasma immersion injection is high, the modified layer is shallow, and the wear resistance is insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of the ferrite stainless steel, so as to solve the problems of high processing difficulty, high process temperature, high energy consumption, poor wear resistance of the ferrite stainless steel obtained by processing, reduced corrosion resistance after the wear resistance is improved, and the like when the ferrite stainless steel is processed by adopting a conventional surface strengthening process.
The method for improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of the ferritic stainless steel comprises the following steps:
step one, solution treatment
Placing the ferrite stainless steel part into a heat treatment furnace for solid solution treatment, wherein the solid solution treatment temperature is 1020-1200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-2 h; the cooling mode after solution treatment is water cooling or oil cooling; after cooling, a solid solution state structure with no sigma precipitated phase and uniform grain size in the structure is obtained; the temperature rising rate of the solution treatment is uniform in the process of rising the temperature to 1020-1200 ℃, the temperature rising rate is not too fast, the temperature rising rate of the solution treatment is 0.5-1 ℃/min, and the temperature in the heat preservation stage is kept to have small or no fluctuation.
The stainless steel part is ferrite stainless steel; the ferrite stainless steel comprises low-chromium ferrite stainless steel, medium-chromium ferrite stainless steel, mo-containing ferrite stainless steel and ultra-pure ferrite stainless steel;
step two, annealing treatment
Placing the solid solution ferrite stainless steel part obtained in the first step into a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment;
when the solid solution ferrite stainless steel part is low-chromium ferrite stainless steel, medium-chromium ferrite stainless steel or Mo-containing ferrite stainless steel, the annealing temperature is 750-850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-2 h; the cooling mode after annealing treatment is air cooling or furnace cooling;
when the solid solution state ferrite stainless steel part is ultra-pure ferrite stainless steel, the annealing temperature is 850-920 ℃; the heat preservation time is 0.5-2 h; the cooling mode after annealing treatment is air cooling or furnace cooling;
annealing treatment is carried out to obtain an annealed structure without sigma precipitated phase and with uniform structure; the heating rate of the annealing treatment is 0.5-1 ℃/min;
step three, low temperature heat diffusion treatment
Sequentially degreasing, descaling and drying the annealed ferrite stainless steel part obtained in the second step, and performing low-temperature diffusion treatment; the low-temperature diffusion treatment can obtain a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant modified layer with the thickness of 5-80 mu m and the hardness of 1000-1500 HV on the surface of the ferrite stainless steel.
The low-temperature heat diffusion treatment process comprises the following steps: low temperature nitriding, low temperature nitrocarburizing and low temperature carburizing; the low temperature nitriding comprises low temperature gas nitriding, low temperature vacuum nitriding or low temperature plasma nitriding; the low-temperature nitrocarburizing is low-temperature gas nitrocarburizing, low-temperature vacuum nitrocarburizing or low-temperature plasma nitrocarburizing; the low-temperature carbonitriding is low-temperature gas carbonitriding, low-temperature vacuum carbonitriding or low-temperature plasma carbonitriding; the low-temperature carburization is low-temperature gas carburization, low-temperature vacuum carburization or low-temperature plasma carburization; the low-temperature gas nitriding, low-temperature vacuum nitriding, low-temperature gas nitrocarburizing, low-temperature vacuum nitrocarburizing, low-temperature gas carburizing or low-temperature vacuum carburizing treatment is preceded by placing the part in the atmosphere of chloride for heating for 10-40 min at 300 ℃; the chloride is NH 4 Cl。
The low-temperature carburization temperature is 300-470 ℃, the time is 2-24 h, and the low-temperature carburization is cooled along with the furnace;
the temperature of the low-temperature nitriding, the low-temperature nitrocarburizing and the low-temperature nitrocarburizing is 300-450 ℃, the time is 2-24 h, and the low-temperature nitrocarburizing are carried out along with furnace cooling;
the low-temperature nitriding atmosphere is a nitrogen-containing atmosphere; the atmosphere of low-temperature nitrocarburizing is a nitrogen-containing atmosphere and a carbon-containing atmosphere, and the gas flow of the nitrogen-containing atmosphere is greater than that of the carbon-containing atmosphere; the low-temperature carbonitriding atmosphere is a carbon-containing atmosphere and a nitrogen atmosphere, and the gas flow of the carbon-containing atmosphere is greater than that of the nitrogen-containing atmosphere; the atmosphere of low-temperature carburization is a carbon-containing atmosphere;
the nitrogen-containing atmosphere is ammonia gas or mixed gas of nitrogen and hydrogen;
the carbon-containing atmosphere is kerosene vapor, acetone vapor or methane gas.
The principle and beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the method comprises the steps of firstly adopting an optimized solid solution and annealing heat treatment process, adopting different solid solution temperatures aiming at different ferrite stainless steel types, and obtaining a solid solution state structure without sigma precipitated phases and with uniform grain size; obtaining a ferritic stainless steel free of brittleness and of intergranular corrosion tendency; then, different annealing temperatures are selected to obtain an annealed tissue without sigma precipitated phase and tissue homogenization, so that tissue preparation is prepared for low-temperature thermal diffusion; after that, the low-temperature nitriding, low-temperature nitrocarburizing and low-temperature carburizing treatment are adopted, the selected heat treatment process and the selected low-temperature nitrocarburizing process respectively and effectively eliminate sigma phase in the ferritic stainless steel, avoid sensitization temperature, avoid 475 ℃ brittleness and high-temperature brittleness, and prepare a thicker wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant low-temperature nitrocarburizing modified layer on the surface of the ferritic stainless steel; the modified layer is mainly carbon-containing expansion alpha phase during low-temperature carburization, the modified layer is mainly nitrogen-containing expansion alpha phase during low-temperature nitridation, and the modified layer is nitrogen-containing carbon expansion alpha phase during low-temperature nitrocarburization and low-temperature nitrocarburization.
The low-temperature heat diffusion modified layer can improve the hardness and the wear resistance of the ferrite stainless steel and simultaneously improve the corrosion resistance of the ferrite stainless steel, thereby comprehensively and effectively improving the overall performance and the service life of the ferrite stainless steel.
2. Compared with the existing low-temperature treatment process, the modified layer obtained by the method has deep thickness, high speed and uniform seepage layer structure.
3. The ferrite stainless steel is modified by using the low-temperature diffusion method, and the whole process has the advantages of low equipment requirement, simple process, low treatment temperature and low energy consumption.
4. The invention effectively solves the problems of high equipment requirement, high processing difficulty, high cost, shallow modification layer and the like in the existing ferrite stainless steel surface modification, and the ferrite stainless steel treated by the invention has no problems of insufficient wear resistance or improved wear resistance but reduced corrosion resistance and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional profile of a modified layer obtained by the process of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing polarization curves before and after modification of the treated part in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the friction coefficient before and after modification by the treatment in example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and also comprises any reasonable combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for the abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of the high ferrite stainless steel of the embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:
step one, solution treatment
Placing the ferrite stainless steel part into a heat treatment furnace for solid solution treatment, wherein the solid solution treatment temperature is 1020-1200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-2 h;
step two, annealing treatment
Placing the solid solution ferrite stainless steel part obtained in the first step into a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment;
when the solid solution ferrite stainless steel part is low-chromium ferrite stainless steel, medium-chromium ferrite stainless steel or Mo-containing ferrite stainless steel, the annealing temperature is 750-850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-2 h;
when the solid solution state ferrite stainless steel part is ultra-pure ferrite stainless steel, the annealing temperature is 850-920 ℃; the heat preservation time is 0.5-2 h;
step three, low temperature heat diffusion treatment
Sequentially degreasing, descaling and drying the annealed ferrite stainless steel part obtained in the second step, and performing low-temperature diffusion treatment; the low-temperature diffusion treatment can obtain a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant modified layer with the thickness of 5-80 mu m and the hardness of 1000-1500 HV on the surface of the ferrite stainless steel;
the low-temperature heat diffusion treatment process comprises the following steps: low temperature nitriding, low temperature nitrocarburizing, and low temperature carburizing.
The present embodiment has the following advantageous effects:
1. according to the embodiment, an optimized solution and annealing heat treatment process is adopted, different solution temperatures are adopted for different ferrite stainless steel types, and a solution state structure which has no sigma precipitated phase and uniform grain size is obtained; obtaining a ferritic stainless steel free of brittleness and of intergranular corrosion tendency; then, different annealing temperatures are selected to obtain an annealed tissue without sigma precipitated phase and tissue homogenization, so that tissue preparation is prepared for low-temperature thermal diffusion; after that, the low-temperature nitriding, low-temperature nitrocarburizing and low-temperature carburizing treatment are adopted, the selected heat treatment process and the selected low-temperature nitrocarburizing process respectively and effectively eliminate sigma phase in the ferritic stainless steel, avoid sensitization temperature, avoid 475 ℃ brittleness and high-temperature brittleness, and prepare a thicker wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant low-temperature nitrocarburizing modified layer on the surface of the ferritic stainless steel; the modified layer is mainly carbon-containing expansion alpha phase during low-temperature carburization, the modified layer is mainly nitrogen-containing expansion alpha phase during low-temperature nitridation, and the modified layer is nitrogen-containing carbon expansion alpha phase during low-temperature nitrocarburization and low-temperature nitrocarburization.
The low-temperature heat diffusion modified layer can improve the hardness and the wear resistance of the ferrite stainless steel and simultaneously improve the corrosion resistance of the ferrite stainless steel, thereby comprehensively and effectively improving the overall performance and the service life of the ferrite stainless steel.
2. Compared with the existing low-temperature treatment process, the method has the advantages that the obtained modified layer is deep in thickness, high in speed and uniform in seepage layer structure.
3. In the embodiment, the ferrite stainless steel is modified by using a low-temperature diffusion method, and the whole process has low equipment requirement, simple process, low treatment temperature and low energy consumption.
4. The method effectively solves the problems of high equipment requirement, high processing difficulty, high cost, shallow modification layer and the like in the existing ferrite stainless steel surface modification, and the ferrite stainless steel treated by the method does not have the problems of insufficient wear resistance or improved wear resistance but reduced corrosion resistance and the like.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment is that: the temperature rising rate of the solution treatment in the first step is 0.5-1 ℃/min, and the cooling mode is water cooling or oil cooling.
And a third specific embodiment: this embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the temperature rising rate of the annealing treatment in the second step is 0.5-1 ℃/min, and the cooling mode is air cooling or furnace cooling.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: this embodiment differs from one of the first to third embodiments in that: in the third step, the low-temperature nitriding comprises low-temperature gas nitriding, low-temperature vacuum nitriding or low-temperature plasma nitriding; the low-temperature nitrocarburizing is low-temperature gas nitrocarburizing, low-temperature vacuum nitrocarburizing or low-temperature plasma nitrocarburizing; the low-temperature carbonitriding is low-temperature gas carbonitriding, low-temperature vacuum carbonitriding or low-temperature plasma carbonitriding; the low temperature carburization is low temperature gas carburization, low temperature vacuum carburization or low temperature plasma carburization.
Fifth embodiment: this embodiment differs from one to four embodiments in that: the low-temperature gas nitriding, low-temperature vacuum nitriding, low-temperature gas nitrocarburizing, low-temperature vacuum nitrocarburizing, low-temperature gas carburizing or low-temperature vacuum carburizing treatment is preceded by placing the part in the atmosphere of chloride for heating for 10-40 min at 300 ℃; the chloride is NH 4 Cl。
Specific embodiment six: the fourth difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment is that: the low-temperature carburization temperature is 300-470 ℃, the time is 2-24 h, and the low-temperature carburization is cooled along with the furnace.
Seventh embodiment: the fourth difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment is that: the temperature of the low-temperature nitriding, the low-temperature nitrocarburizing and the low-temperature nitrocarburizing is 300-450 ℃, the time is 2-24 h, and the low-temperature nitrocarburizing are carried out along with furnace cooling.
Eighth embodiment: the fifth difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment is that: the atmosphere of low-temperature nitriding is nitrogen-containing atmosphere; the atmosphere of low-temperature nitrocarburizing is a nitrogen-containing atmosphere and a carbon-containing atmosphere, and the gas flow of the nitrogen-containing atmosphere is greater than that of the carbon-containing atmosphere; the low-temperature carbonitriding atmosphere is a carbon-containing atmosphere and a nitrogen atmosphere, and the gas flow of the carbon-containing atmosphere is greater than that of the nitrogen-containing atmosphere; the atmosphere of low temperature carburization is a carbon-containing atmosphere.
Detailed description nine: this embodiment differs from the eighth embodiment in that: the nitrogen-containing atmosphere is ammonia gas or mixed gas of nitrogen and hydrogen; the carbon-containing atmosphere is kerosene vapor, acetone vapor or methane gas.
Example 1:
1. carrying out solid solution on a 1Cr17 ferrite stainless steel material, keeping the solid solution temperature at 1160 ℃, preserving the heat for 1h, and carrying out oil cooling at a heating rate of 0.8 ℃/min;
2. annealing the oil-cooled ferrite stainless steel material, wherein the annealing temperature is 800 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 1h, the heating rate is 0.8 ℃/min, and then air cooling is carried out;
3. sequentially degreasing, descaling and drying the annealed ferritic stainless steel material, carrying out low-temperature plasma nitriding treatment on the pretreated ferritic stainless steel material, keeping the temperature at 450 ℃ for 8 hours, and taking out a sample after cooling; as shown in fig. 1, a uniform modified layer was obtained, and the thickness of the treated sample permeated layer reached 30um.
The hardness of the material after nitriding treatment reaches 1300HV, and the hardness of the untreated ferritic stainless steel material is only 350HV; as shown in FIG. 2, the corrosion potential of the untreated ferritic stainless steel material is-0.383, and the corrosion potential of the material after nitriding treatment reaches-0.324V; the corrosion current of the untreated ferritic stainless steel material was 6.56×10 -6 A/cm 2 Corrosion current 1.572 ×10 of material after nitriding treatment -6 A/cm 2 The untreated ferritic stainless steel material has a friction coefficient of 0.72, a wear loss of 0.0166g, a friction coefficient of 0.583 after nitriding, and a wear loss of 0.0012g after nitriding, as shown in fig. 3; wear resistance and abrasion resistance of the materials treated by the examplesThe corrosion resistance is improved.
Example 2:
carrying out solid solution on a ferrite stainless steel material, wherein the solid solution temperature is 1160 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, the heating rate is 0.8 ℃/min, and then carrying out oil cooling;
annealing the oil-cooled ferrite stainless steel material, wherein the annealing temperature is 800 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 1h, the heating rate is 0.8 ℃/min, and then air cooling is carried out;
sequentially degreasing, descaling and drying the annealed ferritic stainless steel material, performing low-temperature plasma nitriding treatment on the pretreated ferritic stainless steel material, wherein the low-temperature nitriding treatment temperature is 420 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, cooling and taking out a sample to obtain a uniform modified layer;
the thickness of the sample seepage layer treated by the embodiment reaches 15um, the hardness after treatment is improved by 800HV, and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the treated material are improved.
Example 3:
carrying out solid solution on a ferrite stainless steel material, wherein the solid solution temperature is 1040 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 1h, the heating rate is 0.8 ℃/min, and then oil cooling is carried out;
annealing the oil-cooled ferrite stainless steel material, wherein the annealing temperature is 800 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 1h, the heating rate is 0.8 ℃/min, and then air cooling is carried out;
sequentially degreasing, descaling and drying the annealed ferritic stainless steel material, carrying out low-temperature gas nitriding treatment on the pretreated ferritic stainless steel material, keeping the temperature at 450 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, cooling, and taking out a sample to obtain a uniform modified layer;
the thickness of the sample permeation layer treated by the embodiment reaches 25um, the hardness of the untreated ferrite stainless steel material is only 350HV, the hardness of the material after nitriding treatment reaches 1100HV, and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the treated material are improved.
Example 4:
carrying out solid solution on a ferrite stainless steel material, wherein the solid solution temperature is 1040 ℃, the heating rate is 0.8 ℃/min, the heat preservation is carried out for 1h, and then oil cooling is carried out;
annealing the oil-cooled ferrite stainless steel material, wherein the annealing temperature is 800 ℃, the heating rate is 0.8 ℃/min, the heat preservation is carried out for 1h, and then air cooling is carried out;
sequentially degreasing, descaling and drying the annealed ferritic stainless steel material, carrying out low-temperature gas nitriding treatment on the pretreated ferritic stainless steel material, keeping the temperature at 390 ℃ for 12 hours, cooling, and taking out a sample to obtain a uniform modified layer;
the thickness of the sample permeation layer treated by the embodiment reaches 20 mu m, the hardness of the untreated ferritic stainless steel material is only 350HV, the hardness of the material after nitriding treatment reaches 1000HV, and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the treated material are improved.
Example 5:
carrying out solid solution on a ferrite stainless steel material, wherein the solid solution temperature is 1160 ℃, the heating rate is 0.8 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 1h, and then carrying out oil cooling;
annealing the oil-cooled ferrite stainless steel material, wherein the annealing temperature is 800 ℃, the heating rate is 0.8 ℃/min, the heat preservation is carried out for 1h, and then air cooling is carried out;
sequentially degreasing, descaling and drying the annealed ferrite stainless steel material, performing low-temperature gas carburizing treatment on the pretreated ferrite stainless steel material, wherein the low-temperature gas carburizing treatment temperature is 450 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, taking out a sample after cooling, and obtaining a uniform modified layer;
the hardness of the material after the treatment is obviously improved, and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the material after the treatment are improved.
Example 6:
carrying out solid solution on a ferrite stainless steel material, wherein the solid solution temperature is 1160 ℃, the heating rate is 0.8 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 1h, and then carrying out oil cooling;
annealing the oil-cooled ferrite stainless steel material, wherein the annealing temperature is 800 ℃, the heating rate is 0.8 ℃/min, the heat preservation is carried out for 1h, and then air cooling is carried out;
sequentially degreasing, descaling and drying the annealed ferrite stainless steel material, performing low-temperature plasma carbonitriding treatment on the pretreated ferrite stainless steel material, wherein the low-temperature carbonitriding treatment temperature is 450 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, cooling and taking out a sample to obtain a uniform modified layer;
the hardness of the material after the treatment is obviously improved, and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the material after the treatment are improved.
Example 7:
carrying out solid solution on a ferrite stainless steel material, wherein the solid solution temperature is 1040 ℃, the heating rate is 0.8 ℃/min, the heat preservation is carried out for 1h, and then oil cooling is carried out;
annealing the oil-cooled ferrite stainless steel material, wherein the annealing temperature is 800 ℃, the heating rate is 0.8 ℃/min, the heat preservation is carried out for 1h, and then air cooling is carried out;
sequentially degreasing, descaling and drying the annealed ferritic stainless steel material, performing low-temperature gas carbonitriding treatment on the pretreated ferritic stainless steel material, keeping the temperature at 420 ℃, preserving the temperature for 12 hours, cooling, and taking out a sample to obtain a uniform modified layer;
the hardness of the material after the treatment is obviously improved, and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the material after the treatment are improved.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of a ferritic stainless steel, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of the ferrite stainless steel comprises the following steps:
step one, solution treatment
Placing the ferrite stainless steel part into a heat treatment furnace for solid solution treatment, wherein the solid solution treatment temperature is 1020-1200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-2 h;
step two, annealing treatment
Placing the solid solution ferrite stainless steel part obtained in the first step into a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment;
when the solid solution ferrite stainless steel part is low-chromium ferrite stainless steel, medium-chromium ferrite stainless steel or Mo-containing ferrite stainless steel, the annealing temperature is 750-850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-2 h;
when the solid solution state ferrite stainless steel part is ultra-pure ferrite stainless steel, the annealing temperature is 850-920 ℃; the heat preservation time is 0.5-2 h;
step three, low temperature heat diffusion treatment
Sequentially degreasing, descaling and drying the annealed ferrite stainless steel part obtained in the second step, and performing low-temperature diffusion treatment; the low-temperature diffusion treatment can obtain a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant modified layer with the thickness of 5-80 mu m and the hardness of 1000-1500 HV on the surface of the ferrite stainless steel;
the low-temperature heat diffusion treatment process comprises the following steps: low temperature nitriding, low temperature nitrocarburizing, low temperature carbonitriding or low temperature carburizing;
the low-temperature carburization temperature is 300-470 ℃;
the temperature of the low-temperature nitriding and low-temperature nitrocarburizing is 300-450 ℃.
2. The method for improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of a ferritic stainless steel surface according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature rising rate of the solution treatment in the first step is 0.5-1 ℃/min, and the cooling mode is water cooling or oil cooling.
3. The method for improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of a ferritic stainless steel surface according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature rising rate of the annealing treatment in the second step is 0.5-1 ℃/min, and the cooling mode is air cooling or furnace cooling.
4. The method for improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of a ferritic stainless steel surface according to claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the low-temperature nitriding comprises low-temperature gas nitriding, low-temperature vacuum nitriding or low-temperature plasma nitriding; the low-temperature nitrocarburizing is low-temperature gas nitrocarburizing, low-temperature vacuum nitrocarburizing or low-temperature plasma nitrocarburizing; the low-temperature carbonitriding is low-temperature gas carbonitriding, low-temperature vacuum carbonitriding or low-temperature plasma carbonitriding; the low temperature carburization is low temperature gas carburization, low temperature vacuum carburization or low temperature plasma carburization.
5. The method for improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of a ferritic stainless steel surface according to claim 4, wherein: the low-temperature gas nitriding, low-temperature vacuum nitriding, low-temperature gas nitrocarburizing, low-temperature vacuum nitrocarburizing, low-temperature gas carburizing or low-temperature vacuum carburizing treatment is preceded by placing the part in the atmosphere of chloride for heating for 10-40 min at 300 ℃; the chloride is NH 4 Cl。
6. The method for improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of a ferritic stainless steel surface according to claim 4, wherein: the low-temperature carburization temperature is 300-470 ℃, the time is 2-24 h, and the low-temperature carburization is cooled along with the furnace.
7. The method for improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of a ferritic stainless steel surface according to claim 4, wherein: the temperature of the low-temperature nitriding, the low-temperature nitrocarburizing and the low-temperature nitrocarburizing is 300-450 ℃, the time is 2-24 h, and the low-temperature nitrocarburizing are carried out along with furnace cooling.
8. The method for improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of a ferritic stainless steel surface according to claim 1, wherein: the atmosphere of low-temperature nitriding is nitrogen-containing atmosphere; the atmosphere of low-temperature nitrocarburizing is a nitrogen-containing atmosphere and a carbon-containing atmosphere, and the gas flow of the nitrogen-containing atmosphere is greater than that of the carbon-containing atmosphere; the low-temperature carbonitriding atmosphere is a carbon-containing atmosphere and a nitrogen atmosphere, and the gas flow of the carbon-containing atmosphere is greater than that of the nitrogen-containing atmosphere; the atmosphere of low temperature carburization is a carbon-containing atmosphere.
9. The method for improving the wear and corrosion resistance of a ferritic stainless steel surface according to claim 8, wherein: the nitrogen-containing atmosphere is ammonia gas or mixed gas of nitrogen and hydrogen; the carbon-containing atmosphere is kerosene vapor, acetone vapor or methane gas.
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