CN117660203A - Anaerobic fermentation promoter and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an anaerobic fermentation promoter, which comprises functional microorganisms, trace elements and a carrier, wherein the functional microorganisms comprise aspergillus niger CA-5, wick ham yeast CYW-7 and double-enzyme clostridium Z-13, and biochar is used as the carrier, and the trace elements comprise Fe, mg, zn and Se. The promoter disclosed by the invention can be used for producing biogas by high-concentration anaerobic fermentation of agricultural organic waste, kitchen waste and garden waste, and the biogas yield is improved by more than 36.9%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of efficient recycling treatment, in particular to an organic waste anaerobic fermentation promoter and preparation and application thereof.
Background
According to statistics, the annual output of organic solid wastes in China exceeds 60 hundred million tons, wherein the annual output of livestock and poultry manure is about 40 hundred million tons, the annual output of straw is about 10 hundred million tons, the annual output of garden greening garbage is about 1.9 hundred million tons, the annual output of urban kitchen and kitchen garbage exceeds 2 hundred million tons, and the annual output of household garbage is about 2-3 hundred million tons. The existence of a large amount of organic solid wastes forms a huge treatment demand on the ecological environment, and the anaerobic fermentation technology is an effective way for harmless, recycling and energy treatment of the organic solid wastes at present.
Anaerobic fermentation is divided into dry fermentation and wet fermentation, wherein the wet fermentation refers to anaerobic fermentation with TS content lower than 10%, and the TS content in the dry fermentation is 20-40%. Over 80% of biogas projects in China are wet anaerobic fermentation processes, and the problems of single fermentation raw material, low organic load (the solid content is 6-8% TS generally), low conversion efficiency, poor engineering benefit and the like generally exist. According to engineering experience and theoretical calculation, the maintenance of the wet fermentation temperature needs to consume about 30% of the productivity of the system, and even can reach 45% in winter in northern cold areas, thereby greatly limiting the popularization and application of anaerobic fermentation technology. In fact, for various reasons, many biogas projects are in an idle state and do not go on the healthy sustainable development track.
The dry anaerobic fermentation of marsh gas and the high concentration fermentation system between dry and wet fermentation are becoming important research directions for the treatment of waste with high inherent content of organic matters, but have the problems of easy acidification, slow start, difficult stirring, poor mass transfer property, unstable operation and the like, although the characteristics of high organic load rate, large treatment capacity, simple post-treatment of products, no wastewater discharge basically and the like are becoming important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an anaerobic fermentation promoter for effectively promoting high-concentration anaerobic fermentation efficiency of organic solid waste and hydrolysis efficiency of raw materials, and a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an anaerobic fermentation promoter comprising a functional microorganism; the functional microorganisms comprise Aspergillus niger CA-5 with the preservation number of CGMCC No.40271, wick ham yeast CYW-7 with the preservation number of CGMCC No.28485 and clostridium bifidum Z-13 with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 11561.
The spore content of Aspergillus niger CA-5 in anaerobic fermentation promoter is 0.5X10% 8 ~1×10 9 CFU/g and yeast content of 0.5X10 8 ~1×10 9 CFU/g, clostridium bifidum spore content of 1×10 8 ~1×10 10 CFU/g。
The anaerobic fermentation promoter also comprises microelements and a carrier.
Further, the carrier is biochar, which specifically includes but is not limited to wood chips, straw, coconut shells, and the like.
Further, the trace elements include iron, magnesium, zinc and selenium.
In the anaerobic fermentation promoter, fe 2+ The content is 10-100 Mg/g, mg 2+ The content of Zn is 10-50 mg/g 2+ The content is 10-50 mg/g, and the selenium dioxide content is 1-10 mg/g.
Further, the anaerobic fermentation promoter is prepared by the following method: respectively collecting spores or thalli of Aspergillus niger CA-5, wick ham yeast CYW-7 and clostridium bifidum Z-13 to prepare bacterial liquid; respectively Fe 2+ 、Mg 2+ And Zn 2+ Preparing trace element stock solution by selenium dioxide; and uniformly mixing the carrier, the bacterial liquid and the trace element stock solution, drying, and crushing or granulating.
Wherein, the solid state culture medium of PDA is used for culturing and collecting the Aspergillus niger CA-5 spores, and the culturing method is shown in Chinese patent CN115505536A. Clostridium bifidum Z-13 was cultivated in LB medium and spores thereof were collected, see Chinese patent CN105441356A. Yeast CYW-7 was cultured in YPD liquid medium, and the cells were collected by shaking culture at 28℃and 180 rpm for 48 hours h hours.
Wherein the concentration of spores or thalli in the obtained Aspergillus niger CA-5, wick ham yeast CYW-7 and Clostridium bisporus Z-13 spores or thalli is (1.0-5.0) x 10 11 CFU/mL。
Wherein Fe is 2+ In FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O form addition, mg 2+ With MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O form adding, zn 2+ By ZnCl 2 The selenium is added in the form of selenium dioxide. The concentration of each trace element stock solution is 1-10 mol/L.
The anaerobic fermentation promoter is applied to single or mixed high-concentration anaerobic fermentation of livestock and poultry manure, kitchen waste and garden waste.
In the application, the organic load of the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation is not less than 10% TS.
In the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation, the addition amount of the anaerobic fermentation promoter is 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the anaerobic fermentation raw material.
The conditions of the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation are as follows: the biogas slurry in a normal fermentation biogas tank is used as an inoculum, the organic load TS of raw materials is more than 10%, the inoculum size is 20-30% (v/v), the fermentation temperature is 35+/-1 ℃, and the fermentation time is 30-50 d. 0.5-1.5% of the promoter is added 2-3 d after fermentation is started.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the high-efficiency anaerobic fermentation promoter is developed through the dual-reinforcement regulation and control technology of functional microorganisms and trace elements, and the problems that organic solid waste is directly subjected to high-concentration anaerobic fermentation at medium temperature (35+/-1 ℃) and the fermentation system cannot normally operate due to easy acidification are solved, so that the normal operation of anaerobic fermentation can be ensured, and the biogas yield can be improved by more than 36.9%.
The invention adopts double strengthening regulation and control of functional microorganisms and trace elements, utilizes microorganisms with the functions of producing hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulase and protease, improves the degradation efficiency of raw materials, adds trace elements to improve the growth environment of methane bacteria, promotes the growth of methane bacteria, comprehensively regulates and controls the microbial population and the growth environment, and obviously improves the gas production efficiency of anaerobic fermentation.
The invention adopts the biochar as the carrier, not only provides a carbon source for a fermentation system and an adsorbable carrier for microbial flora, enlarges the surface area and improves the organic load of the system operation, but also can effectively relieve the inhibition of high-concentration volatile acid in the fermentation system and improve the system operation efficiency.
The invention not only can solve the problems of recycling and environmental pollution of a large amount of organic solid wastes, but also has important significance for sustainable development of industry and agriculture and protecting ecological environment, and has huge economic, social and ecological benefits and wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
The following describes the technical scheme of the present invention in detail with reference to specific examples, but is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1 preparation of anaerobic fermentation promoter
(1) Functional microorganism culture
Aspergillus nigerAspergillus niger) CA-5 with the preservation number of CGMCC No.40271 is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center, and has the address of Beijing, and the preservation date of 2022, 8 months and 12 days.
Growing Aspergillus niger CA-5 in PDA solid plate culture medium to produce spore, washing out the spore with sterile water, counting the spore content in spore suspension, and regulating the spore concentration to (1.0-5.0) x 10 11 CFU/mL。
PDA medium: 200-g parts of potatoes, 20-g parts of glucose and 1000 mL of distilled water, and the pH is natural (15-20 g of agar is needed to be added to a solid culture medium).
Weikeham yeast @ (Chinese character)Wickerhamomycessp.) The preservation number of the CYW-7 is CGMCC No.28485, and the CYW-7 is preserved in China general microbiological culture collection center, and has the address of Beijing, and the preservation date of 2023, 9 and 19.
The yeast CYW-7 is cultured by adopting YPD liquid culture medium at 28 ℃ and 180 rpm in an oscillating way for 48 h, and the concentration of the thallus is detected and adjusted to be (1.0-5.0) multiplied by 10 11 CFU/mL。
YPD medium: yeast extract 10 g, peptone 20 g, glucose 20 g, distilled water 1000 mL, pH nature (agar 15-20 g is needed for solid culture medium).
Double enzyme clostridiumClostridium bifermentans) Z-13 with the preservation number of CGMCC No.11561 is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center, and has the address of Beijing, and the preservation date of 2015, 10 months and 30 days.
The double-enzyme clostridium Z-13 adopts LB culture medium, uses an anaerobic bottle to shake and culture 72 h at 30 ℃, detects 80% of the bacteria in the fermentation liquor to form spores, and stands at 4 ℃ for standby. Centrifuging at 8000 rpm/min for 15 min before use, collecting thallus, diluting with small amount of sterile water, and adjusting spore concentration to (1.0-5.0) x 10 11 CFU/mL。
LB medium: yeast extract 5.0 g, tryptone 10.0 g, sodium chloride 10.0 g, water 1000 mL,pH7.0~7.4 (solid medium needs to be added with 15-20 g of agar).
(2) Preparing microelement stock solution: respectively subjecting FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O、MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O、ZnCl 2 And selenium dioxide are prepared into stock solution with relatively high concentration, such as 1-10 mol/L, for standby.
(3) Respectively taking proper amounts of biochar, drying by using a baking oven, and crushing. Uniformly mixing functional microorganisms, and adjusting the content of Aspergillus niger spores in the final product to 0.5X10 8 ~1×10 9 CFU/g and yeast content of 0.5X10 8 ~1×10 9 CFU/g, clostridium bifidum spore content of 1×10 8 ~1×10 10 CFU/g. At the same time adding Fe with mass fractions of respectively 2+ 10~100 mg/g，Mg 2+ 10~50 mg/g，Zn 2+ 10-50 mg/g and 1-10 mg/g of selenium dioxide. And (5) uniformly mixing, drying at a low temperature of 40-55 ℃, crushing and packaging.
Wherein the microorganism culture and trace element configuration are the same as the charcoal disposal method, and the contents of the components in different accelerators are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 composition of promoters
。
EXAMPLE 2 anaerobic fermentation of cow dung
Adopts a 250 mL anaerobic bottle, takes cow dung as a raw material, adopts a Wen Quanhun anaerobic fermentation process, and adopts 2 treatments. Treatment one: blank control. And (2) treatment II: the accelerator of formula 1 of example 1 of the present invention was added at a mass fraction of 1.5%. The organic load TS is 12% (TS is also called dry matter concentration, refers to that a certain amount of fermentation liquid is placed in a baking oven at 100-105 ℃ and is baked to constant weight, the baked matter accounts for the percentage of the total weight), biogas slurry in a normal fermentation biogas digester is used as an inoculum, the inoculum size is 20-30% (volume ratio), and the fermentation temperature is: medium temperature 35±1 ℃, fermentation time 30 d, 5 replicates per treatment. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 biogas production
。
As can be seen from Table 2, after the promoter of the invention is added, the biogas yield is improved by 36.9% compared with the control, the average methane content is 65.2% which is obviously higher than the control, and the anaerobic fermentation methane production efficiency of the cow dung can be obviously improved by adding the promoter.
Example 3 anaerobic fermentation of corn straw
Adopts a 250 mL anaerobic bottle, takes corn straw as a raw material, adopts a Wen Quanhun anaerobic fermentation process, and adopts 2 treatments. Treatment one: blank control. And (2) treatment II: the accelerator prepared in the formula 2 of the embodiment 1 of the invention with the mass fraction of 1.0% is added. The organic load TS is 13%, biogas slurry in a normal fermentation biogas digester is used as an inoculum, the inoculum size is 20-30% (volume ratio), and the fermentation temperature is as follows: medium temperature 35±1 ℃, fermentation time 50 d, 5 replicates per treatment. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 biogas production
。
As shown in Table 3, after the corn straw is used as a raw material for anaerobic fermentation, the biogas yield is improved by 45.4% compared with a control, the average methane content is 63.5% and is obviously higher than the control, which indicates that the anaerobic fermentation methane yield of the corn straw can be obviously improved by adding the promoter.
Example 4 anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste
The method adopts a 250 mL anaerobic bottle, takes kitchen waste as a raw material, adopts a Wen Quanhun anaerobic fermentation process, and adopts 8 treatments.
Treatment one: blank control.
And (2) treatment II: adding 1% by mass of biochar.
And (3) treatment III: adding Aspergillus niger CA-5.0X10 in fermentation system 6 CFU/mL。
And (4) treatment four: after addition, clostridium bifidum Z-13.0X10 in fermentation system 7 CFU/mL。
And (5) treatment: after the addition, the yeast CYW-7.0x10 in the fermentation system is added 6 CFU/mL。
And (3) treatment six: adding mixed functional microorganism to make the content of Aspergillus niger CA-5 in fermentation system be 1.0X10 6 CFU/mL, clostridium bifidum Z-13 content 1.0X10 7 CFU/mL and microzyme CYW-7 content of 1.0X10 6 CFU/mL。
And seventhly, processing: mixing microelements, adding Fe in fermentation system 2+ 700 mg/L，Mg 2+ 50 mg/L，Zn 2+ 50 mg/L, selenium dioxide 10 mg/L.
Treatment eight: the accelerator of the present invention was added in an amount of 1% by mass (the preparation method was as in example 1, and the content of CA-5 in Aspergillus niger was 1.0X10% by fermentation system after the addition 6 CFU/mL, yeast CYW-7 content is 1.0X10 6 CFU/mL, clostridium bifidum Z-13 content 1.0X10 7 CFU/mL，Fe 2+ 700 mg/L，Mg 2+ 50 mg/L，Zn 2+ 50 mg/L, selenium dioxide 10 mg/L).
The organic load TS is 13%, biogas slurry in a normal fermentation biogas digester is used as an inoculum, the inoculum size is 20-30% (volume ratio), and the fermentation temperature is as follows: medium temperature 35±1 ℃, fermentation time 30 d, 5 replicates per treatment.
TABLE 4 biogas production
。
The results are shown in Table 4, and in the anaerobic fermentation process of kitchen waste, a certain amount of charcoal, aspergillus niger CA-5, microzyme CYW-7, clostridium bisporum Z-13, mixed functional microorganisms, trace elements or the promoter disclosed by the invention are added, so that the anaerobic fermentation efficiency of organic solid waste can be obviously improved. However, the addition of the promoter of the invention has significantly higher methane content and methane yield than other treatments. The promoter integrates the advantages of functional microorganism and trace element dual reinforcement regulation and control, takes biochar as a carrier, can relieve the inhibition effect generated by acid accumulation during high-concentration anaerobic fermentation of raw materials, provides the microorganism flora with coenzyme factors and the like required by adsorbable carriers and methanogens, and remarkably improves the running stability of the system.
Example 5 semi-continuous anaerobic fermentation of cow dung and corn straw
Adopting a 5L anaerobic reactor, taking cow dung and corn straw (the mixing ratio of the cow dung to the corn straw is 1:1) as raw materials, adopting a full-mixing anaerobic fermentation process, having an effective volume of 4L and a fermentation temperature of 35+/-1 ℃, a hydraulic retention time of 40 d, setting 2 treatments, wherein the first treatment is a blank contrast, and the second treatment is carried out under the condition that the organic load is 11.0 kg TS/m 3 d, starting to add the accelerator prepared according to the formula 1 of the embodiment 1 every 5 d, wherein the adding amount is 5 g/time. Each treatment was performed in 3 replicates.
TABLE 5 different treatments of biogas production
。
The results are shown in Table 5, at an organic load of 11 kg TS/m 3 And d, after the second addition of the accelerator is treated, the mixed anaerobic fermentation gas production efficiency of cow dung and corn straw can be obviously improved by more than 41.7%, and meanwhile, the methane content is also obviously improved, so that the method has important significance for improving the raw material treatment efficiency and the stable operation of the system in practical engineering application.
Examples 6 to 8
The method adopts a 250 mL anaerobic bottle and a full-mixing anaerobic fermentation process, kitchen waste and garden waste (the ratio of the kitchen waste to the garden waste is 1:1) as raw materials, the fermentation temperature is 35+/-1 ℃, the organic load TS is 13%, biogas slurry in a normal fermentation biogas digester is used as an inoculum, the inoculum size is 20-30% (volume ratio), the fermentation time is 30 d, and 5 treatments are parallel to each other. Two treatments were set up in each example, treatment one was a blank control and treatment two was dosed with the accelerator prepared according to formulation 3 of example 1 of the present invention. The results are shown in Table 6, and the addition of accelerators with different concentrations can obviously improve the biogas production efficiency and average methane content of the mixed anaerobic fermentation of kitchen garbage and garden garbage, and the biogas yield is improved by more than 38.8%.
Table 6 examples 6 to 8 biogas production
。
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments. It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention. Numerous alternatives and modifications of the present invention will be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and nature of the invention, which should be construed as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An anaerobic fermentation promoter, characterized in that it comprises a functional microorganism; the functional microorganisms comprise Aspergillus niger CA-5 with the preservation number of CGMCC No.40271, wick ham yeast CYW-7 with the preservation number of CGMCC No.28485 and clostridium bifidum Z-13 with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 11561.
2. The anaerobic fermentation promoter according to claim 1, wherein the spore content of Aspergillus niger CA-5 is 0.5X10 8 ~1×10 9 CFU/g and yeast content of 0.5X10 8 ~1×10 9 CFU/g, clostridium bifidum spore content of 1×10 8 ~1×10 10 CFU/g。
3. The anaerobic fermentation promoter according to claim 1, further comprising trace elements and a carrier.
4. An anaerobic fermentation promoter according to claim 3, wherein said trace elements comprise iron, magnesium, zinc and selenium.
5. The anaerobic fermentation promoter according to claim 4, wherein Fe in the anaerobic fermentation promoter 2+ The content is 10-100 Mg/g, mg 2+ The content of Zn is 10-50 mg/g 2+ The content is 10-50 mg/g, and the selenium dioxide content is 1-10 mg/g.
6. An anaerobic fermentation promoter according to claim 3, wherein the carrier is biochar.
7. An anaerobic fermentation promoter according to claim 3, which is prepared by the following method: respectively collecting spores or thalli of Aspergillus niger CA-5, wick ham yeast CYW-7 and clostridium bifidum Z-13 to prepare bacterial liquid; respectively Fe 2+ 、Mg 2+ And Zn 2+ Preparing trace element stock solution by selenium dioxide; and uniformly mixing the carrier, the bacterial liquid and the trace element stock solution, drying, and crushing or granulating.
8. An anaerobic fermentation promoter as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 for single or mixed high-concentration anaerobic fermentation of livestock and poultry manure, kitchen waste and garden waste.
9. The use according to claim 8, wherein the organic load of the high concentration anaerobic fermentation is not less than 10% TS.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein in the high-concentration anaerobic fermentation, the anaerobic fermentation promoter is added in an amount of 0.5-1.5% of the total mass of the feed liquid in the anaerobic fermentation tank.
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Citations (11)
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