CN117653618A - 新型亚苄基丙酮衍生物及其用途 - Google Patents
新型亚苄基丙酮衍生物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种新型亚苄基丙酮衍生物或其用途,更具体地涉及一种包含由化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的癌症或骨病的预防或治疗用药物组合物、改善用食品组合物。根据本发明的化合物显示出对癌细胞的特异性细胞毒性以及针对引起骨损失的破骨细胞具有较强的增殖和分化抑制活性,而对成骨细胞具有增殖和分化活性,因此可以有效地用于开发安全有效的抗癌药、预防及治疗骨质疏松症等骨病的制剂或改善用食品。
Description
本专利申请是申请号为201880038464.8的专利申请的分案申请,该专利申请的申请日为2018年07月27日,其名称为《新型亚苄基丙酮衍生物及其用途》。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型亚苄基丙酮(Benzylideneacetone)衍生物或其用途,更具体地涉及一种包含由化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的癌症或骨病的预防或治疗用药物组合物、改善用食品组合物。
背景技术
本申请主张2017年7月27日提交的韩国专利申请第10-2017-0095699号及2017年8月7日提交的韩国专利申请第10-2017-0099768号的优先权,所述说明书的所有内容均作为本申请的参考文献。
随着步入高龄社会,癌症成为了死亡的最主要原因。随着目前外科手术、抗癌化学治疗、放射线治疗的发展,包括早期及晚期的所有类型癌症的治愈率已超过70%。但由于外科手术的技术局限性、抗癌化学治疗和放射线治疗的副作用所致的剂量的限制等,晚期癌症、转移性癌症、复发性癌症仍难以治愈并且死亡率很高。另外,由于对现有抗癌药物的抗性表达而不能进行抗癌化学疗法的患者数量也正在增加。
因此,迫切需要开发出一种新型抗癌剂,其治疗效果强,副作用非常低且安全,可高剂量使用从而提高癌症治愈率,并且即使在对现有抗癌药物有抗性的患者中也具有治疗作用。
骨骼在形成人体骨骼结构和维持血液钙(Ca2+)水平方面起着重要作用。骨骼通过代谢中吸收骨细胞的破骨细胞(osteoclast)和形成骨细胞(osteoblast)的成骨细胞之间的骨重塑周期(bone remodelling cycle)来维持其平衡。当骨吸收与骨形成之间的平衡被破坏并且吸收量大于形成量时,会发生各种与骨骼有关的疾病,与破骨细胞的分化和活化有关的代表性疾病包括骨质疏松症、类风湿性关节炎、关节痛、佩吉特氏病、骨转移癌和骨折等(Kim JH与Kim N,2016;Shiozawa Y等,2011;Singer FR,2016)。
类风湿关节炎是一种自身免疫疾病,其中自身免疫抗体促进破骨细胞分化。由此导致的骨吸收过多会加剧类风湿关节炎(Takayanagi H,2007年)。其机制如下。NFAT转录因子(NFATc1/c2/c3/c4)是与破骨细胞分化相关的关键转录因子,基本上被钙/钙调蛋白信号(calcium/calmodulin signaling)激活(Takayanagi H等,2002)。为了完全激活,含酪氨酸的活化基序(ITAM)分子(tyrosine-based activation motif(ITAM)-bearing molecule),例如免疫调节蛋白DNAX激活蛋白12(DNAX-activating protein 12,DAP12)和免疫抗体Fc受体共同γ链(Fc receptor commonγchain,FcRγ),刺激免疫细胞中的钙调蛋白信号传导(Pitcher LA和van Oers NS,2003年)。在破骨细胞中,同样由DAP12和FcRγ通过钙调蛋白信号传导激活NFATc1。因此,与DAP12和FcRγ相关的免疫球蛋白样受体(immunoglobulin-like receptor)在破骨细胞分化中起重要作用(Koga T等,2004;MoA等,2004)。换句话说,FcRγ与破骨细胞中的破骨细胞相关受体(osteoclast-associatedreceptor,OSCAR)和成对的免疫球蛋白样受体(paired immunoglobulin-like receptor,PIR-A)相互作用。ITAM的磷酸化可激活磷脂酶Cγ(phospholipase Cγ,PLCγ),后者释放细胞内钙(calcium),钙可激活钙调蛋白依赖性磷酸酶(calmodulin-dependentphosphatase)即钙调磷酸酶(calcineurin)。钙调磷酸酶(calcineurin)直接去磷酸化NFATc1丝氨酸(serine)使其进入细胞核并将其激活。结果,免疫抗体促进破骨细胞分化,由于破骨细胞过度的骨吸收,会加剧类风湿性关节炎。因此,在类风湿性关节炎患者中抑制破骨细胞分化即使不能纠正自身免疫机制本身的异常,但仍可以治疗因其引发的骨骼症状,例如关节炎和疼痛。
佩吉特氏病(Osteitis deformans)也由破骨细胞的异常骨吸收引起(Singer FR,2016)。继而发生成骨细胞的异常骨形成,并且重复该过程,导致骨畸形,从而导致疼痛、头痛和丧失听力。多发在手臂、腿、骨盆、脊柱和头骨上。新形成的骨头很脆弱,骨折的频率很高。可能导致高钙血症、心力衰竭和偏瘫(Ralstone SH,2016)。发病的原因尚不清楚,但怀疑是遗传因素和儿童时期的病毒感染。药物可以帮助控制疾病的进展。当前,最常用的治疗剂是破骨细胞分化抑制剂即福美加(Fosamax)和调节骨代谢的降钙素(calcitonin)。但是,福美加(Fosamax)具有副作用,对于某些患者而言无法长期服用。如果疼痛严重,需要使用对乙酰氨基酚(泰诺)(Acetaminophen(Tylenol))或非甾体抗炎药(nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,NSAIDs)。
破骨细胞还促进实体瘤(solid tumor)的骨转移。骨骼是癌症转移的最常见部位。癌症转移至骨骼会导致严重的疼痛和骨骼断裂,从而大大降低了治愈的可能性(Weilbaecher KN等,2011)。在骨髓中的血液干细胞增殖部位可发现全身性癌细胞(Shiozawa Y等,2013)。癌细胞显著促进骨髓细胞分化为破骨细胞,从而导致骨破坏,促进骨转移和癌生长。因此,破骨细胞在癌症的骨转移中起关键作用,若抑制破骨细胞的分化,可减少骨转移。许多实体瘤转移是骨转移,以血液干细胞增殖的位置为据点驱赶干细胞并进行增殖,之后进入血液再转移到其他部位。骨转移最常见的癌是前列腺癌,其中骨转移使癌症恶化,使其更难治愈,并且是导致死亡的主要原因。人类前列腺癌细胞的直接主要靶点也是血液干细胞增殖的场所,并将其作为转移癌症的据点(Shiozawa Y等,2011)。破骨细胞还通过促进前列腺癌组织中血管的形成来促进癌生长(Bruni-Cardoso A等,2010)。乳腺癌细胞也促进破骨细胞分化,破骨细胞通过乳腺切除术的乳腺癌患者的骨转移促进癌症复发(Danilin S等,2012;Lu X等,2011)。
预防骨转移的骨靶向治疗剂目前在临床试验中使用,由于破骨细胞是癌症转移的关键机制之一,因此成为抗癌新药开发的主要靶向。目前用于抑制破骨细胞分化的获得美国FDA批准的唯一的双膦酸盐(bisphosphonate)类药物是唑来膦酸(zoledronic acid)(El-Amm J等人,2013)。唑来膦酸(zoledronic acid)可以保护骨骼并提高生存率。唑来膦酸(zoledronic acid)降低了高危非转移性前列腺癌(high risk nonmetastaticprostate cancer)的骨转移(Wirth M等,2014)。同时使用唑来膦酸(zoledronic acid)与骨形成促进剂甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone)可进一步减少骨转移(Schneider A等,2005)。地诺单抗(Denosumab)是破骨细胞分化的信号转导剂即RANKL的单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody),也可以抑制前列腺癌的骨转移,这表明抑制破骨细胞对于抑制癌症的骨转移很重要(Smith MR等,2012)。在多发性骨髓瘤(Multiple myeloma)患者中,唑来膦酸(zoledronic acid)的施用抑制破骨细胞分化并显著抑制骨转移(Zhuang J等,2012)。
骨质疏松症是由破骨细胞活化引起的,破骨细胞破坏了骨吸收与形成之间的平衡,导致吸收大于形成。骨质疏松症降低了骨质的密度并增加了骨折的频率。它最常发生在激素失衡的女性中,例如中年和老年女性,以及由于骨折或严重疾病而无法活动的患者中。近年来,中年男性和老年男性的发病率也有所增加。
在骨髓单核细胞/巨噬细胞谱系(monocyte/macrophage lineage)细胞分化为破骨细胞的分子机制中,以下两种细胞因子(cytokine)起着重要的作用(Teitelbaum SL和Ross FP,2003)。(i)当巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(Macrophage colony-stimulating factor,M-CSF)与其受体c-Fms结合时,破骨细胞祖细胞增殖并存活。核因子-κB配体的受体激活剂(Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL)与其受体RANK的结合激活破骨细胞的分化和骨吸收功能,并使成熟的破骨细胞存活(Lacey DL等,1998;Lum L等,1999;Sherr CJ,1990;Suda T等,1999;Wong BR等,1999)。(ii)当M-CSF诱导c-Fms活化时,破骨细胞祖细胞通过ERK和PI3K/Akt途径增殖并存活(Mancini等,1997)。(iii)RANKL(OPGL,ODF,TRANCE)和RANK也调节破骨细胞的形成和功能(Anderson DM等,1997;DougallWC等,1999;Kong YY等,1999)。当RANKL与RANK结合时,TNF受体相关因子(TNF receptor-associated factor,TRAF)如TRAFs 1、2、3、5和6,与RANK结合(Darnay BG等,1998;WalshMC和Choi Y,2003)。TRAF6对于破骨细胞的形成和功能最重要(Lomaga MA等,1999;Naito A等,1999)。TRAF6将RANKL/RANK信号传递给NF-κB、c-Jun氨基末端激酶(c-Jun N-terminalkinase,JNK)、细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK)、p38、Akt、活化T-细胞核因子1(Nuclear Factor Of Activated T-Cells 1,NFATc1),形成破骨细胞增殖、融合和分化(Kobayashi N等,2001;Lomaga MA等,1999;Naito A等,1999;Takayanagi H等,2002;Wong BR等,1998;Wong BR等,1999)
开发骨质疏松症治疗剂的现有方向是找到一种可以通过抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收来防止骨质流失的物质。代表性药物是双膦酸盐(bisphosphonate)类福美加(Fosamax)。同样,对于花生四烯酸酯(arachidonate)代谢物对骨组织代谢的影响已经进行了很多研究(Lee Sung-eun,1999)。白三烯-B4(Leukotriene-B4,LTB4)是花生四烯酸酯(arachidonate)的代谢途径即5-脂氧合酶途径(5-lipoxygenase pathway)的代谢产物之一(Ford-Hutchinson,A.W.等,1980)。据报告,C433是一种从巨细胞瘤(Giant cell tumor)中获得的间质细胞(interstitial cell),它通过增加5-脂氧合酶(5-lipoxygenase)代谢产物来增加成骨细胞的数量和活性(Mundy,G.R.等,1993)。当在骨组织培养期间施用LTB4时,观察到了骨吸收增加(Bonewald,L.F。等人,1996)。体外(in vitro)和体内(in vivo)研究表明,也曾有研究结果表明,LTB4通过增加破骨细胞的形成来诱导骨吸收(Bonewald,L.F.等,1996)。因此,已开发出许多用于治疗骨质疏松症的LTB4受体拮抗剂(LTB4receptor antagonist),但是在充分抑制破骨细胞的骨质吸收方面还没有获得成功。
另外,现有骨质疏松症治疗剂的副作用和昂贵的药费已经成为以足够的剂量来治疗患者的主要障碍。福美加(Fosamax)的主要副作用包括严重的食道炎、肾脏损害、肝脏损害、低钙血和肌肉痉挛等;罗氏(Roche)邦维亚(Bonviva)会产生全身肌肉疼痛和身体疼痛等副作用。诺华(Novartis)的密固达(唑来膦酸盐)(Aclasta(zoledronate))和礼来(EliLilly)的合成代谢(anabolic)药物甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone)即复泰奥(Forsteo)和复泰奥(立特帕肽)(Forteo(teriparatide))是有效的,但使用成本太高,使用受到限制。特别是,复泰奥(Forsteo),复泰奥(Forteo)无法用于治疗药物超敏性患者、孕妇、母乳喂养、高钙血症(hypercalcemia)、肾衰竭、甲状旁腺功能亢进症(hyperparathyroidism)和佩吉特氏病(Paget's disease)等代谢性骨疾病、不明原因的碱性磷酸酶升高(unexplained elevations of alkaline phosphatase)、放射治疗患者、骨髓癌或骨转移癌患者,因此可适用的患者群体不大。
因此,迫切需要开发一种与骨相关的疾病治疗剂,其效果强,安全且没有副作用,并且可以以比现有治疗剂更低的成本生产。
发明内容
【技术课题】
因此,本发明人为了开发出副作用少、安全且效果出色的癌症或骨病治疗剂,合成了新型化合物,证实了其抗癌活性和骨损失抑制和成骨细胞活性促进功能,从而完成了本发明。
因此,本发明的目的是
提供由以下化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
<化学式1>
所述式R1和R2彼此不同,
R1和R2各自独立地选自由-H、-OH、-SH、C1-4直链或支链烷基、C1-4直链或支链烷氧基、卤素、烯丙氧基(allyloxy)、苄氧基(benzyloxy)、具有杂原子和取代基组合的群中所选的至少一个的芳氧基(aryloxy)和具有至少一个杂原子的3-7个原子的杂环烷基组合的群中的一个,其中杂原子由O、N和S组成;
R3是选自由C1-4的直链或支链烷基、-NH2、-NHR4、-N(R4)2和-OH组合的群中的一种:
R4为C1-4直链或支链烷基。
本发明的另一个目的是提供包含由所述化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的用于预防或治疗癌症的药物组合物。
本发明的另一个目的是提供包含由所述化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的用于预防或治疗骨病的药物组合物。
本发明的另一个目的是提供用于制备癌症治疗制剂的由所述化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的用途。
本发明的另一个目的是提供用于制备骨病治疗制剂的由所述化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的用途。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种治疗癌症的方法,其特征在于向有需要的个体施用有效量的包含由所述化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的组合物。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种治疗骨病的方法,其特征在于向有需要的个体施用有效量的包含由所述化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的组合物。
【技术解决方法】
为了实现所述目的,本发明提供由以下化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
<化学式1>
所述式中R1和R2彼此不同,
R1和R2各自独立地选自由-H、-OH、-SH、C1-4直链或支链烷基、C1-4直链或支链烷氧基、卤素、烯丙氧基(allyloxy)、苄氧基(benzyloxy)、具有杂原子和取代基组合的群中所选的至少一个的芳氧基(aryloxy)和具有至少一个杂原子的3-7个原子的杂环烷基组合的群中的一个,其中杂原子由O、N和S组成;
R3是选自由C1-4的直链或支链烷基、-NH2、-NHR4、-N(R4)2和-OH组合的群中的一种:
R4为C1-4直链或支链烷基。
为了实现本发明的另一个目的,提供包含由所述化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的用于预防或治疗癌症的药物组合物。
为了实现本发明的另一个目的,提供包含由所述化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的用于预防或治疗骨病的药物组合物。
为了实现本发明的另一个目的,提供用于制备癌症治疗制剂的由所述化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的用途。
为了实现本发明的另一个目的,提供用于制备骨病治疗制剂的由所述化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的用途。
为了实现本发明的另一个目的,提供一种治疗癌症的方法,其特征在于向有需要的个体施用有效量的包含由所述化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的组合物。
为了实现本发明的另一个目的,提供一种治疗骨病的方法,其特征在于向有需要的个体施用有效量的包含由所述化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的组合物。
下面将详细说明本发明。
本发明提供由以下化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
<化学式1>
所述式中R1和R2彼此不同,
R1和R2各自独立地选自由-H、-OH、-SH、C1-4直链或支链烷基、C1-4直链或支链烷氧基、卤素、烯丙氧基(allyloxy)、苄氧基(benzyloxy)、具有杂原子和取代基组合的群中所选的至少一个的芳氧基(aryloxy)和具有至少一个杂原子的3-7个原子的杂环烷基组合的群中的一个,其中杂原子由O、N和S组成;
R3是选自由C1-4的直链或支链烷基、-NH2、-NHR4、-N(R4)2和-OH组合的群中的一种:
R4为C1-4直链或支链烷基。
<亚苄基丙酮(benzylideneacetone)>
亚苄基丙酮(Benzylideneacetone)用分子式C10H10O(分子量146.19g/mol)和以上结构式表示,是具有所述化学式结构的化合物。它又被称为苄叉丙酮(Benzalacetone)、甲基苯乙烯基酮(Methyl Styryl ketone)、苯亚甲基丙酮(Benzylidene acetone)或IUPAC名称(E)-4-苯基丁-3-烯-2-酮((E)-4-Phenylbut-3-ene-2-one)),在室温下以黄色晶体形式存在。
由本发明的化学式1表示的新型化合物是亚苄基丙酮(benzylideneacetone)的衍生物,并具有以下结构。
<化学式1>
所述式中R1和R2彼此不同,
R1和R2各自独立地选自由-H、-OH、-SH、C1-4直链或支链烷基、C1-4直链或支链烷氧基、卤素、烯丙氧基(allyloxy)、苄氧基(benzyloxy)、具有杂原子和取代基组合的群中所选的至少一个的芳氧基(aryloxy)和具有至少一个杂原子的3-7个原子的杂环烷基组合的群中的一个,其中杂原子由O、N和S组成;
R3是选自由C1-4的直链或支链烷基、-NH2、-NHR4、-N(R4)2和-OH组合的群中的一种:
R4为C1-4直链或支链烷基。
如本文所用,术语“烷基”用于描述包含含有1-4个碳原子的直链或支链烷基的基团或基团的一部分;这样的基团的实例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基。
如本文所用,术语“烷氧基”是指O-烷基。
在所述烷氧基的定义中描述的“烷基”与本发明中使用的“烷基”相同,具体为甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、叔丁氧基。
本文所用的术语“芳氧基”是指O-芳基。
在芳氧基的定义中描述的“芳基”与本发明中使用的“苄基”相同。具体为包含未取代的芳基或至少一个杂原子即N、S或O的杂芳基。所述含有未取代的芳基的芳氧基与本发明中使用的“苄氧基”相同。
另外,可以独立地包括一个或多个取代基作为芳基的取代基。在这种情况下,取代基具体包括羟基、氨基、烷基、烷氧基、羧酸基、羧基酯和羧酰胺。
如本文所用,术语“羧基酯基”是指O-烷基或O-芳基被取代的酯,并且“羧基酰胺基”是指N-烷基、N,N-二烷基、N-芳基、N,N-二芳基。
所述芳基、烷基和烷氧基如本说明书中所述。
如本文所用,术语“卤素”是指卤素原子,包括氟、氯、溴、碘等,并且本发明的化合物R2卤素可以优选为氟基。
本发明中,“选自具有一个或多个取代基的3-7个原子的杂环烷基组合的群中的一个,其中所述取代基为O、N、S”可优选具有以下结构式。
优选地,本发明的所述化学式1中的化合物,其特征为,
R1和R2彼此不同,
R1可以是选自由羟基(-OH)、甲基、甲氧基、氟(-F)基和巯基(-SH)组合的群中的一个;
R2是选自由羟基、巯基、C1-4的直链或支链烷基、C1-4的直链或支链烷氧基、卤素、烯丙氧基(allyloxy),苄氧基(benzyloxy),具有杂原子和取代基组合的群中所选的至少一个的芳氧基(aryloxy)和具有至少一个杂原子的3-7个原子的杂环烷基组合的群中的一个,其中杂原子由O、N和S组成;
R3是甲基或氨基(-NH2)。
更优选地,本发明的所述化学式1中的化合物,其特征为,
R1和R2彼此不同,
R1可以是选自由羟基(-OH)、甲基、甲氧基、氟(-F)基组合的群中的一个;
R2可以是选自由羟基、甲基、甲氧基、氟基组合的群中的一个;
R3是甲基或氨基(-NH2)。
更进一步优选地,本发明的所述化学式1中的化合物,可以在以下中选择。
(1)(E)-4-(3-羟基-4-甲基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮(M.W 176.21;棕色固体)
(2)(E)-4-(4-氟-3-羟基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮(M.W 176.21;棕色固体)
(3)(E)-4-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮(白色固体;M.W 192.21)
(4)(E)-4-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮(黄色固体;M.W 192.21)
(5)(E)-4-(3-氟-4-羟基苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮(黄色固体;M.W 180.18)
(6)(E)-3-(3-羟基-4-甲基苯基)丙烯酰胺(M.W 177.2;黄色固体)
(7)(E)-3-(4-氟-3-羟基苯基)丙烯酰胺(M.W 181.17;黄色固体)
(8)(E)-4-(4-巯基-3-羟基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮
(9)(E)-4-(4-羟基-3-巯基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮
(10)(E)-4-(3-羟基-4-异丙氧基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮
(11)(E)-4-(4-(苄氧基)-3-羟基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮
(12)(E)-4-(4-(烯丙氧基)-3-羟基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮
(13)(E)-4-(3-羟基-4-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮
(14)(E)-4-(3-羟基-4-(吡咯烷基-1-基)苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮
(15)(E)-4-(3-羟基-4-(4-羟基苯氧基)苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮
(16)(E)-4-(3-羟基-4-(哌啶-4-基氧基)苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮
本发明的组合物中包括的化合物可以单独使用或以盐,优选药学上可接受的盐的形式使用。在本发明中,“药学上可接受的”是指生理学上可接受的并且当施用于人时通常不引起过敏等类似反应,并且所述盐优选由药学上可接受的游离酸(free acid)形成的酸加成盐。有机酸和无机酸可用作所述游离酸。所述有机酸不限于柠檬酸、乙酸、乳酸、酒石酸、马来酸、富马酸、甲酸、丙酸、草酸、三氟乙酸、苯甲酸、葡萄糖酸、间磺酸、乙醇酸、琥珀酸、4-甲苯磺酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸。另外,无机酸包括但不限于盐酸、溴酸、硫酸和磷酸。
由本发明的所述化学式1表示的化合物可以天然分离或通过本领域已知的化合物的化学合成方法、本说明书所述的制备方法来制备。
为了实现本发明的另一个目的,本发明提供了一种包含由所述化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的用于预防或治疗癌症或骨病的药物组合物。
由所述化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐如本说明书以上所述。
由本发明的所述化学式1表示的化合物在癌症的治疗中非常有效。所述癌症包括例如乳腺癌、大肠癌、肺癌、小细胞肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、血液癌、骨癌、胰腺癌、皮肤癌、头颈癌、皮肤或眼内黑素瘤、子宫癌、卵巢癌、直肠癌、肛门周围癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌、输卵管癌、子宫内膜癌、宫颈癌、阴道癌、外阴癌、霍奇金病、食道癌、小肠癌、内分泌腺癌、甲状腺癌、甲状旁腺癌、肾上腺癌、软组织肉瘤、尿道癌、阴茎癌、前列腺癌、慢性或急性白血病、淋巴细胞淋巴瘤、膀胱癌、肾脏或输尿管癌、肾细胞癌、肾盂癌、CNS肿瘤、原发性CNS淋巴瘤、脊髓肿瘤、脑干神经胶质瘤、垂体腺瘤等中的一个或多个组合。
本发明人在一个实施方案中测试由所述化学式1表示的化合物对各种细胞的细胞毒性,结果证实了它对癌细胞显示出很强的细胞毒性,但是对正常细胞几乎没有细胞毒性。
因此,本领域的普通技术人员可以理解,本发明的发明人可以期待利用所鉴定化合物的所述活性可取得有效预防、改善症状或治疗癌症的效果。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明人证实了化学式1的化合物有效抑制破骨细胞(osteoclast)的分化,所述破骨细胞的作用是破坏和重新吸收骨组织。从分离自小鼠的骨髓细胞中,分离出破骨细胞干细胞的祖细胞即单核细胞,并用分化促进因子RANKL和M-CSF刺激,用化合物进行处理确认其对破骨细胞分化的影响,结果有效抑制了骨髓细胞分化为多核破骨细胞。
另外,发明人证实了本发明的化合物显著抑制破骨细胞分化的同时增加了成骨细胞的分化和活性。
因此,本发明人证实了由所述化学式1表示的化合物具有优异的破骨细胞分化抑制活性和成骨细胞分化活性,并且具有非常低的细胞毒性因此是安全的。
因此,本领域技术人员可以理解,本发明人可以期待利用所鉴定的化合物的所述活性来有效预防、改善或治疗由于破骨细胞的骨吸收和成骨细胞形成新的骨基质以及随后矿化过程的骨代谢过程平衡打破所引起的骨密度和强度减少而产生的各种骨病。
在本发明中,所述骨病可以是骨质疏松症、佩吉特氏病、佝偻病、骨软化症、肾衰竭患者的肾性骨营养不良、关节痛、骨折、类风湿性骨病、退行性骨病、骨转移癌、原发性骨肿瘤、牙周病、炎性牙槽骨吸收疾病和炎性骨吸收疾病等,但不限于此。优选骨质疏松症、佩吉特氏病、佝偻病、关节痛、骨折、类风湿性骨病、骨转移癌。关于所述每种疾病与破骨细胞和成骨细胞之间的相关性,请参见本说明书的背景技术和实施例。
如本文所用,“治疗”是指改变被治疗的个体或细胞的自然过程的临床程序,并且也可以用于预防临床病理。治疗的理想效果包括减少疾病的发生或复发、减轻症状、减少疾病的任何直接或间接病理后果、降低疾病进展的速度、改善或减轻疾病状态、好转、改善的预后等。术语“预防”还表示抑制疾病发作或延迟疾病进展的任何行为。
本发明的药物组合物的剂量可以综合考虑给药途径、给药时间、治疗次数、治疗持续时间、需治疗个体的年龄、体重、健康状况、性别、疾病严重程度、对药物的敏感性、饮食和排泄率等多种因素,由本领域技术人员根据所述特定用途确定合适的有效量。所述有效量是指当施用于个体时足以具有改善、治疗、预防、检测或诊断癌症或骨病作用的量。所述个体可以是动物,优选哺乳动物,最优选为包括人的动物,并且可以是来源于动物的细胞、组织、器官等。所述个体可以是需要治疗的骨病患者(patient)。
所述施用可以每天施用一次或几次。本发明的药物组合物可以单独给药或与已知对骨疾的预防或治疗有效的其他治疗剂组合给药,并且当组合给药时,可以与其他治疗剂依次或同时给药。当单独或组合施用时,本发明的药物组合物的剂量优选以最小量获得最大效果而没有副作用的量,这可以通过本领域技术人员较容易地确定。
本发明的药物组合物可以按照本领域已知的方法根据给药途径以各种方式与药学上可接受的载体一起配制。药学上可接受的含义是指无毒组合物,当将其施用于人时,不抑制活性成分的作用并且通常不引起诸如胃肠道疾病、头晕等的过敏反应或类似反应。所述载体包括所有种类的溶剂、分散介质、水包油或油包水乳液、水性组合物、脂质体、微珠和微粒体。
施用途径可以口服或非口服施用。非口服给药方法包括但不限于静脉内、肌内、动脉内、髓内、硬膜内、心内、透皮、皮下、腹膜内、鼻内、肠、局部、舌下或直肠给药。
在口服施用本发明的药物组合物的情况下,本发明的药物组合物可以根据本领域已知的方法与合适的口服载体配置为粉末、颗粒、片剂、丸剂、糖衣丸、胶囊、液体、凝胶、糖浆、悬浮液、薄片等剂型。合适的载体的实例包括糖类如乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇和麦芽糖醇等;淀粉类如玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、大米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉等;纤维素类如纤维素、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基甲基纤维素等;填充剂如明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等。另外,根据不同情况可以添加崩解剂如交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、琼脂、海藻酸或海藻酸钠等。此外所述药物组合物还可进一步包含抗凝剂、润滑剂、保湿剂、香料、乳化剂和防腐剂等。
另外,本发明的组合物采用非口服给药时,本发明的组合物可以与适合的非口服用载体,通过本领域已知的方法,配制成注射剂、透皮给药制剂、鼻腔吸入剂。所述注射剂必须是灭菌的,以防止微生物如细菌和真菌的污染。用于注射剂的合适载体可包括但不限于水、乙醇、多元醇(例如甘油、丙二醇、液体聚乙二醇等)、其混合物和/或含有植物油的溶剂或分散介质。更优选地,可以使用汉克斯溶液、林格氏溶液、含有三乙醇胺的磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline,PBS)或注射用灭菌水、等渗溶液如10%的乙醇、40%的丙二醇及5%的葡萄糖等作为一个合适的载体。为了防止所述注射剂被微生物污染,所述注射剂可以进一步含有多种抗菌剂和抗真菌剂如对羟基本甲酸酯、氯丁醇、苯酚、山梨酸、硫柳汞等。在大多数情况下,所述注射剂可以进一步包含等渗剂如糖或氯化钠等。
在透皮给药剂的情况下,包括软膏剂、乳液剂、霜剂、凝胶剂、外用溶液剂、膏药、擦剂和气雾剂等剂型。所述透皮给药是指将药物组合物局部施用于皮肤,以便将有效量的药物组合物中所含的活性成分递送到皮肤中。例如,本发明的药物组合物可以以注射制剂的形式制备,并通过用30号细针轻刺(prick)或直接涂抹于皮肤来施用。这些剂型已在制药化学领域已知的处方文献(雷明顿药物科学,Remington's Pharmaceutical Science,第15版,1975,Mack出版公司,Easton,宾夕法尼亚)中所记载。
在吸入剂的情况下,本发明所使用的化合物可以使用合适的推进剂,例如二氯氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、二氧化碳等,或其他合适的气体,从加压包装或喷雾器中以气溶胶喷雾形式方便地递送。在加压气雾剂的情况下,可以通过提供阀递送已测量的量来确定施用单位。例如,用于吸入器或吹入器的明胶胶囊和药筒可以配制成含有化合物和适当粉末化合物如乳糖或淀粉的粉末混合物。
其他药学上可接受的载体可参考以下文献的记载。(雷明顿药物科学,Remington'sPharmaceutical Sciences,19th ed.,Mack出版公司,Easton,PA,1995)
根据本发明的药学组合物可以进一步包含至少一种缓冲剂(例如盐溶液或PBS)、碳水化合物(例如葡萄糖、甘露糖、蔗糖或右旋糖酐)、抗氧化剂、抑菌剂、螯合剂(例如EDTA或谷胱甘肽)、佐剂(例如氢氧化铝)、悬浮剂、增稠剂和/或防腐剂。
另外,本发明的药学组合物可以通过本领域已知的方法配制,便于将组合物施用到哺乳动物后活性成分可以快速、持续或延迟释放。
另一方面,本发明提供了包含由化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的用于预防或改善癌症或骨病的食品组合物。
由本发明人所鉴定的由化学式1表示的化合物,其预防或改善所述癌症或骨病的作用如本说明书中以上所述。
所述食品组合物包括所有形式,例如功能性食品(functional food)、营养补品(nutritional supplement)、保健食品(health food)和食品添加剂(food additives)等。这些类型可以根据本领域已知的常规方法以各种形式制备。
例如,作为保健食品,本发明的食品组合物本身可以制成茶、果汁和饮料形式饮用,或者制成颗粒状、胶囊、粉末状来摄取。另外,本发明的食品组合物可以通过与已知具有预防或改善骨病作用的已知物质或活性成分混合而制成组合物形式。
另外,功能性食品还可以通过将本发明的食品组合物添加到饮料(包括酒精饮料)、水果和加工食品(例如水果罐头、瓶罐头、果酱、橘子酱等)、鱼类和肉类及其加工食品(例如火腿、香肠、腌牛肉等)、面包和面条类(例如乌冬面、荞麦面、拉面、意大利面、通心粉等)、果汁、各种饮料、饼干、糖、乳制品(例如黄油、奶酪)、食用植物油、人造黄油、植物蛋白、干馏食品、冷冻食品,各种调味料(例如大酱、酱油、调味汁等)中来制备。
根据本发明的食品组合物的含量优选为最终制备的食品的总重量的0.01至50重量%,但不限于此。为了以食品添加剂的形式使用本发明的食品组合物,可以将其制备成粉末或浓缩物形式来使用。
本发明提供了第1项的化合物的制备方法。
本发明第1项的化合物是在合适的反应溶剂下制备的。可以使用的溶剂包括甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、氯仿、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、核酸、苯、二氯甲烷(methylene chloride)、丙酮(acetone)、四氢呋喃(THF)、二恶烷(dioxane)、DMF或其混合溶剂。
可以通过以下制备方法1或制备方法3制备R3为甲基的本发明的化学式1的化合物,并且可以通过以下制备方法2制备R3为-NH2的化合物。
在下文中,将按步骤详细地描述根据本发明的制备方法。
制备方法1(方法1)
在本发明中,以下步骤a是通过在酸催化条件下水解化合物1的甲基醚来制备化合物2的步骤。
此时,用作催化剂的酸可以是BBr3、AlCl3、HBr等。在这种情况下,CH3CN、CH2Cl2等可以用作反应溶剂。
以下步骤b是通过将步骤a中制备的化合物2与CuBr2反应制备化合物3的步骤。在步骤b中,可以使用诸如丙酮、DMF等有机溶剂作为反应溶剂,并且反应优选在40℃至70℃温度下进行。
[方法1]
所述方法1中R选自由-SH、C1-4直链或支链烷基、C1-4直链或支链烷氧基、卤素、烯丙氧基(allyloxy)、苄氧基(benzyloxy)、具有杂原子和取代基组合的群中所选的至少一个的芳氧基(aryloxy)和具有至少一个杂原子的3-7个原子的杂环烷基组合的群中的一个,其中所述杂原子由O、N和S组成。
所述烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、卤素、环烷基等如本说明书以上所述。
制备方法2(方法2)
在本发明中,
以下步骤a′是通过使化合物1与膦酰基乙酸三乙酯(Triethylphosphonoacetate)反应来制备化合物2的步骤。在这种情况下,可以使用THF、甲醇、水等作为反应溶剂,并且反应优选在室温温度下进行。
以下步骤b′是通过使化合物2的甲酯基与碱反应制备化合物3的步骤。在这种情况下,作为碱可以使用LiOH、NaOH等,并且作为反应溶剂,可以使用THF、甲醇、水等。
以下步骤c′是通过使化合物3的羟基与NH4HCO3反应制备化合物4的步骤。此时,可以优选使用二恶烷作为反应溶剂。
以下步骤d′是在酸性催化条件下通过水解化合物4的甲基醚来制备化合物5的步骤。
此时,用作催化剂的酸可以是BBr3、AlCl3、HBr等。在这种情况下,CH3CN、CH2Cl2等可以用作反应溶剂。
[方法2]
所述方法2中R选自由-SH、C1-4直链或支链烷基、C1-4直链或支链烷氧基、卤素、烯丙氧基(allyloxy)、苄氧基(benzyloxy)、具有杂原子和取代基组合的群中所选的至少一个的芳氧基(aryloxy)和具有至少一个杂原子的3-7个原子的杂环烷基组合的群中的一个,其中所述杂原子由O、N和S组成。
所述烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、卤素、杂环烷基等如本说明书以上所述。
制备方法3(方法3)
在本发明中,以下的步骤a"是通过在碱性条件下使用卤化化合物选择性地将保护基引入化合物1来制备化合物2的步骤。此时,碱可以使用K2CO3、KHCO3、NaHCO3等。作为反应溶剂,可以使用丙酮、DMF等,反应优选在40℃至80℃温度下进行。此时,卤代化合物可以使用溴苯、苄基溴、溴丙烯、2-溴丙烷等。
步骤b"是通过使以下步骤a"中制备的化合物2与CuBr2反应来制备化合物3的步骤。步骤b"可以使用丙酮、DMF等作为反应溶剂,反应温度优选在40℃至70℃下进行。
[方法3]
所述方法3中R选自由C1-4直链或支链烷基、C1-4直链或支链烷氧基、C1-4链烯基;具有杂原子和取代基组合的群中所选的至少一个的芳基和具有至少一个杂原子的3-7个原子的杂环烷基组合的群中的一个,其中杂原子由O、N和S组成。
所述烷基、烷氧基、芳基、卤素、环烷基等如本说明书以上所述。
根据本发明的新型化合物的制备方法不限于上述制备方法,并且可以使用任何其他已知方法以及未知方法,只要其能够合成所述化合物即可。
在所述反应溶剂下制备的本发明的新型化合物可以在制备后使用浓度梯度色谱法分离。所述色谱法,可以单独或组合使用填充有诸如硅胶或活性氧化铝等各种合成树脂的柱色谱法(Column chromatography)或高效液相色谱法(HPLC)等。在本发明的一个实施例中,使用了硅胶柱色谱法和快速(flash)柱色谱法。
另外,本发明提供用于制备癌症治疗制剂的由所述化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的用途。
另外,本发明提供用于制备骨病治疗制剂的由所述化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的用途。
另外,本发明提供一种治疗癌症的方法,其特征在于向有需要的个体施用有效量的包含由所述化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的组合物。
另外,本发明提供一种治疗骨病的方法,其特征在于向有需要的个体施用有效量的包含由所述化学式1表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的组合物。
本发明的所述有效量是指当施用于个体时对于癌症或骨病具有改善、治疗、预防、检测、诊断的作用或者显示出癌转移抑制或减少效果的量。所述个体可以是动物,优选哺乳动物,尤其是包括人的动物,并且可以是来源于动物的细胞、组织、器官等。所述个体可以是需要治疗的骨病患者(patient)。
本发明的所述治疗一般是指改善癌症或骨病,或包括改善其相关疾病或相关疾病的症状,可以包括治愈、实质性预防或改善这些疾病,并且包括减轻、治愈或预防由癌症或骨病或其相关疾病引起的一种或大多数症状,但不限于此。
本发明的术语“包括(comprising)~”以与“包含”或“具有特征的”相同的方式使用,并且不排除组合物或方法中未提及的其他组成要素或方法步骤等。除非另有说明,否则术语“由...组成(consisting of)”意在排除其他要素、步骤或成分等。术语“基本上由...组成(essentially consisting of)”是指在组合物或方法的范围内,包括所描述的组成要素或步骤的同时还包括实质上不影响其基本特性的组成要素或步骤等。
【发明的效果】
因此,本发明提供了一种包含由化学式1表示的新型化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的用于改善或治疗癌症或骨病的组合物及其制备方法,根据本发明的组合物具有很强的抗癌作用,对引起骨损失的破骨细胞也具有很强的增殖和分化抑制作用,并且对正常细胞的细胞毒性非常低,可以有效地用作癌症或骨病的治疗剂。
附图说明
图1是实施例1-1中合成的(E)-4-(4-氟-3-羟基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮的NMR鉴定结果。
图2显示了实施例1-2中合成的(E)-4-(3-羟基-4-甲基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮的NMR鉴定结果。
图3是实施例1-3中合成的(E)-3-(3-羟基-4-甲基苯基)丙烯酰胺的NMR鉴定结果。
图4显示了实施例1-4中合成的(E)-3-(4-氟-3-羟基苯基)丙烯酰胺的NMR鉴定结果。
图5显示实施例1-5中合成的(E)-4-(3-羟基-4-异丙氧基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮的NMR鉴定结果。
图6表示实施例1-6中合成的(E)-4-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮的NMR鉴定结果。
图7显示了实施例1-7中合成的(E)-4-(4-烯丙氧基-3-羟基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮的NMR鉴定结果。
图8显示了通过TRAP测定法测量包括作为本发明的化合物的KP2至KP8以及作为其阳性对照的福美加(Fosamax)和紫萁酮(Osmundacetone)的化合物的破骨细胞分化和增殖抑制的结果。(KP2:(E)-4-(3-羟基-4-甲基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮;KP3:(E)-4-(4-氟-3-羟基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮;KP4:(E)-4-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-3-丁烯-3-酮;KP5:(E)-4-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮;KP6:(E)-4-(3-氟-4-羟基苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮;KP7:(E)-3-(3-羟基-4-甲基苯基)丙烯酰胺;KP8:(E)-3-(4-氟-3-羟基苯基)丙烯酰胺)
【发明实施的具体形态】
下面将详细说明本发明。
然而,以下实施例仅用于说明本发明,本发明的内容不限于以下实施例。
<实施例1>
新型化合物的合成
为了鉴定具有抗癌活性和破骨细胞分化抑制活性的物质,从每种化合物的合成混合物中分离和纯化化合物,并通过核磁共振(NMR)和质谱法(MS)确定每种化合物的化学结构。
每种化合物的合成方法以及具体的NMR和MS分析结果如下:
<实施例1-1>
(E)-4-(4-氟-3-羟基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮(KP3)的合成
【表1】
在冷却下将三溴化硼(1M二氯甲烷溶液,10ml)滴加到3-甲氧基-4-氟苯甲醛((3-methoxy-4-fluorobenzaldehyde,1a)(440mg,2.85mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液中,在室温下搅拌5小时。将反应溶液再次用冰冷却,缓慢加入冷水以终止反应,然后滴加5N盐酸溶液直至pH为1。将反应溶液在减压下浓缩,将水和乙酸乙酯加入到残余物中,并分离有机层。所述有机层用饱和盐水洗涤,用无水硫酸镁干燥,并在减压下蒸馏去除溶剂。通过硅胶柱色谱法(洗脱溶剂:正己烷-乙酸乙酯4:1)纯化所得残余物,获得4-氟-3-羟基苯甲醛(4-fluoro-3-hydroxybenzaldehyde,2a)210毫克。
在室温下将4-氟-3-羟基苯甲醛(2a,140.11mg,1.0mmol)和CuBr2(223.35mg,1mmol)溶于5mL丙酮中。将所述反应混合物在60℃搅拌。6小时后将混合物冷却至室温,并通过硅藻土过滤。真空浓缩有机层,通过快速色谱法使用乙酸乙酯和正己烷(1∶4)作为洗脱液纯化棕色固体的产物(E)-4-(4-氟-3-羟基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮(3a,12%)。
NMR和MS分析结果如下(见图1)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ7.56(1H,d,J=16.4Hz),7.22(2H,dd,J=7.6,2.1Hz),7.13-7.10(2H,m),6.67(1H,J=16.4Hz),2.38(3H,s);Ms(ESI)m/z:181.1[M+H]+;
<实施例1-2>
(E)-4-(3-羟基-4-甲基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮(KP2)的合成
【表2】
在冷却下将三溴化硼(1M二氯甲烷溶液,5mL)滴加到3-甲氧基-4-甲基苯甲醛(3-methoxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde,1b)(400mg,2.66mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液中,并在室温下搅拌5小时。
将反应溶液再次用冰冷却,缓慢加入冷水以终止反应,然后滴加5N盐酸溶液直至pH为1。将反应溶液在减压下浓缩,将水和乙酸乙酯加入到残余物中,并分离有机层。所述有机层用饱和盐水洗涤,用无水硫酸镁干燥,并在减压下蒸馏去除溶剂。通过硅胶柱色谱法(洗脱溶剂:正己烷-乙酸乙酯4:1)纯化得到的残余物,获得3-羟基-4-甲基苯甲醛(3-hydroxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde,2b)150mg(41.4%)。
在室温下,将3-羟基-4-甲基苯甲醛(2b,136.1mg,1.0mmol)和CuBr2(223.35mg,1mmol)溶解在5mL丙酮中。将所述反应混合物在60℃搅拌。6小时后将混合物冷却至室温,并通过硅藻土过滤。真空浓缩有机层,通过快速色谱法使用乙酸乙酯和正己烷(1∶4)作为洗脱液纯化褐色固体的产物(E)-4-(3-羟基-4-甲基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮(3b,17%)。
NMR和MS分析结果如下(见图2)。
1H NMR(700MHz,CD3OD):δ7.56(1H,d,J=16.24Hz),7.14(1H,d,J=7.42Hz),7.03-7.02(2H,m),6.67(1H,J=16.24Hz),2.38(3H,s),2.22(3H,s);Ms(ESI)m/z:177.1[M+H]+;
<实施例1-3>
(E)-3-(3-羟基-4-甲基苯基)丙烯酰胺(KP7)的合成
【表3】
步骤1:制备(E)-3-(3-甲氧基-4-甲基苯基)丙烯酸乙酯
将氢化钠(Sodium hydride,事先用60%分散油洗涤,300mg,7.5mmol)在氮气条件下在无水THF(10mL)中搅拌。滴加膦酸三乙酯(Triethyl phosphonoacetate,1.345g,6mmol)并搅拌25分钟。用约30分钟,向所述THF(3mL)中滴加3-甲氧基-4-甲基苯甲醛(3-methoxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde,1f,751mg,5mmol)。
将得到的混合溶液在室温搅拌20小时,然后用100mL水淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取。合并的有机萃取物用硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。通过快速柱色谱法(乙酸乙酯/正己烷1∶4)纯化,得到黄色油形式的不饱和酯2f(700mg,63%)。
步骤2:制备(E)-3-(3-甲氧基-4-甲基苯基)丙烯酸
将溶于THF(5mL)中的(E)-3-(3-甲氧基-4-甲基苯基)丙烯酸乙酯(2f,220mg,1mmol)加入到氢氧化钠(2.0M,5mL)中并放置2h加热至回流。将所述混合物用10mL水淬灭(quenching),并用盐酸(2.0M)酸化至pH 2。然后将溶液用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取,用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并真空浓缩,得到白色固体(3f,190mg,98.8%)。
步骤3:制备(E)-3-(3-甲氧基-4-甲基苯基)丙烯酰胺
(E)-3-(3-甲氧基-4-甲基苯基)丙烯酸(3f,100mg,0.52mmol)和吡啶(0.1mL)的二恶烷溶液(dioxane,1mL)分别加入一次二碳酸二叔丁酯((BOC)2O,227mg,1.04mmol)
和碳酸氢铵(NH HCO,83mg,1.04mmol),并在60℃下搅拌混合物2小时。
将所述反应混合物真空浓缩并将残余物在乙酸乙酯和水之间分配。乙酸乙酯相用5%碳酸氢钠水溶液,0.1N HCl和盐水(brine)洗涤。有机相经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并真空浓缩,得到黄色固体4f(68mg,68.3%)。这无需进一步纯化即可使用。
步骤4:(E)-3-(3-羟基-4-甲基苯基)丙烯酰胺的制备
在冷却下将三溴化硼(1M二氯甲烷溶液,5mL)添加到(E)-3-(3-甲氧基-4-甲基苯基)丙烯酰胺((E)-3-(3-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)acrylamide,4f,40mg,0.21mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液中,然后在室温下搅拌4小时。
将反应溶液再次用冰冷却,缓慢加入冷水以终止反应,然后滴加5N盐酸溶液直至pH为1。将反应溶液在减压下浓缩,将水和乙酸乙酯加入到残余物中,并分离有机层。所述有机层用饱和盐水洗涤,用无水硫酸镁干燥,并在减压下蒸馏去除溶剂。将获得的残余物通过硅胶柱色谱法(洗脱溶剂:二氯甲烷/MeOH 20:1)纯化,得到黄色固体(E)-3-(3-羟基-4-甲基苯基)丙烯酰胺((E)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)acrylamide,5f,18mg,48.3%)。
NMR和MS分析结果如下(见图3)
1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD):δ7.45(1H,d,J=15.6Hz),7.10(1H,d,J=7.6Hz),6.98-6.95(2H,m),6.53(1H,J=15.6Hz),2.13(3H,s);Ms(ESI)m/z:178.1[M+H]+;
<实施例1-4>
(E)-3-(4-氟-3-羟基苯基)丙烯酰胺(KP8)的合成
【表4】
以与实施例1-3相同的方式,在实施例1-3的步骤1中使用3-甲氧基-4-氟苯甲醛(1g)代替3-甲氧基-4-甲基苯甲醛,得到黄色固体(E)-3-(4-氟-3-羟基苯基)丙烯酰胺(5g,16mg,40%)作为目标化合物。
具体地,从1g获得2g(680mg,60.6%)的黄色油,从2g获得3g(183mg,93.2%)的白色固体,并且从3g获得4g(53mg,53.2%)的黄色固体,从4g得到黄色固体的新型化合物(E)-3-(4-氟-3-羟基苯基)丙烯酰胺(5g,16mg,40%)。
NMR和MS分析结果如下(见图4)
1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD):δ7.45(1H,d,J=12.4Hz),7.15(1H,dd,J=2.0,2.0Hz),7.10-7.01(2H,m),6.52(1H,d,J=16.0Hz);Ms(ESI)m/z:193.1[M+H]+;
<实施例1-5>
(E)-4-(3-羟基-4-异丙氧基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮的合成
【表5】
步骤1:3-羟基-4-异丙氧基苯甲醛的制备
在干燥的二甲基甲酰胺(3ml)中,将3,4-二氢苯甲醛(250mg,1.81mmol)和无水碳酸钾(250mg,1.8mmol)的搅拌悬浮液加热至70℃,然后将2-溴丙烷(0.17ml,1.81mmol)在氮气条件下滴加30分钟。将所述混合物在室温搅拌过夜,然后倒入冰水(50ml)中。将所述混合物溶液用乙酸乙酯萃取,所得萃取液用水、盐水洗涤,真空蒸发,得到棕色油。通过硅胶柱色谱法(乙酸乙酯/正己烷1∶4)纯化获得的残余物,得到呈棕色固体状的产物2h(46mg,50%)。
步骤2:(E)-4-(3-羟基-4-异丙氧基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮的制备
在室温下,将3-羟基-4-异丙氧基苯甲醛(2h,50mg,0.277mmol)和CuBr2(62mg,0.277mmol)溶解在3mL丙酮中。将所述反应混合物在60℃搅拌。6小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,并通过硅藻土过滤。真空浓缩有机层,并通过快速色谱法使用乙酸乙酯和正己烷(1∶4)作为洗脱液进行纯化。结果,获得了白色固体状的新型化合物(E)-4-(3-羟基-4-异丙氧基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮(3h,33mg,53.3%)。
所述产物3h的NMR和MS分析如下(见图5)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.44(1H,d,J=16.0Hz),7.17(1H,d,J=2.4Hz),7.05(1H,dd,J=8.4Hz,6.0Hz),6.87(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.60(1H,d,J=16.0Hz),5.74(1H,s),4.67(1H,hept,J=6.4Hz)2.37(3H,s),1.41(6H,d,J=6.0Hz));Ms(ESI)m/z:221.1[M+H]+;
<实施例1-6>
(E)-4-(4-(苄氧基)-3-羟基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮的合成
【表6】
通过与实施例1-5相同的方法,在所述实施例1-5的步骤1中使用苄基溴代替2-溴丙烷,得到目标化合物4-(苄氧基)-3-羟基苯甲醛(2i)。
在室温下,将4-(苄氧基)-3-羟基苯甲醛(2i,50mg,0.277mmol)和CuBr2(48.9mg,0.22mmol)溶解在3mL的丙酮中。将所述反应混合物在60℃搅拌。6小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,并通过硅藻土过滤。真空浓缩有机层,并通过快速色谱法使用乙酸乙酯和正己烷(1∶4)作为洗脱液进行纯化。结果,获得了白色固体状的新型化合物(E)-4-(4-(苄氧基)-3-羟基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮(3i,37mg,62.6%)。
NMR和MS分析结果如下(参见图6)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.46 7.42(6H,m),7.19(1H,d,J=2.0Hz),7.05(1H,dd,J=8.4Hz,2.4Hz),6.95(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.95(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.61(1H,d,J=16.0Hz),5.71(1H,s),5.17(2H,s),2.37(3H,s);Ms(ESI)m/z:269.2[M+H]+;
<实施例1-7>
(E)-4-(4-(烯丙氧基)-3-羟基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮的合成
【表7】
通过与实施例1-5相同的方法,在实施例1-5的步骤1中使用溴丙烯代替2-溴丙烷,获得了目标化合物4-(烯丙氧基)-3-羟基苯甲醛(2j)。
在室温下,将4-(烯丙氧基)-3-羟基苯甲醛(2j,50mg,0.28mmol)和CuBr2(62.7mg,0.28mmol)溶解在3mL的丙酮中。将所述反应混合物在60℃搅拌。6小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,并通过硅藻土(celite)过滤。真空浓缩有机层,并通过快速色谱法使用乙酸乙酯和正己烷(1∶4)作为洗脱液进行纯化。结果,获得了白色固体状的新型化合物(E)-4-(4-(烯丙氧基)-3-羟基苯基)丁-3-烯-2-酮(3j,34mg,55.6%)。
NMR和MS分析结果如下(参见图7)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.43(1H,d,J=16.4Hz),7.18(1H,d,J=2.4Hz),7.04(1H,dd,J=8.4Hz,2.0Hz),6.87(1H,d,J=8.0Hz),6.60(1H,d,J=16.0Hz),6.11 6.04(1H,m),5.80(1H,s),5.43(1H,dd,J=17.2Hz,12.8Hz),5.36(1H,dd,J=10.4Hz,8.0Hz),4.674.65(2H,m),2.37(3H,s);Ms(ESI)m/z:219.2[M+H]+;
<实施例2>
MTT测定
对于在<实施例1>中制备的新型化合物KP2至KP8,使用MTT测定法确认其对正常细胞和癌细胞的细胞毒性。
MTT测定法如下。
正常细胞(RAW264.7大鼠巨噬细胞系(破骨细胞祖细胞)和NIH3T3小鼠成纤维细胞系)和癌细胞(AGS人胃癌细胞系、A549人肺癌细胞系、HepG2人肝癌细胞系、HCT116人大肠癌细胞系、PC3人前列腺癌细胞系、Caki-1人肾癌细胞系、T24人膀胱癌细胞系、HT1080人纤维肉瘤细胞系、B16F10大鼠黑素瘤细胞系),在添加了含有10%胎牛血清(fetal bovineserum,FBS)的DMEM的96孔板中,在5%CO2,在37℃下培养后,将KP2至KP8和对照组(紫萁酮(osmundacetone)及对羟基亚苄基丙酮(4-hydroxybenzalacetone))加入细胞培养基中并培养48小时。此后,添加100μl的MTT(0.5mg/mL的磷酸盐缓冲盐水),然后培养2小时。向每个孔中加入100μl的DMSO,然后培养10分钟,并使用酶标仪(microplate reader;SPCTRAMAX340PC,分子器件,美国)在550nm处测量吸光度。通过下式计算吸光度作为存活细胞数的指标,并通过三次实验确认了再现性。
细胞增殖率(%)=OD550(sample)/OD550(control)
【表8】
化学式1的化合物
【表9】
化合物的正常细胞MTT测定结果
如表9所示,根据添加KP2至KP8后的细胞增殖率的变化而算出的正常细胞的LD50与紫萁酮(Osmundacetone)的LD50相似。只有KP2显示弱的细胞毒性。在巨噬(macrophage)细胞系RAW264.7中,KP2至5显示出弱的细胞毒性,表明这些化合物具有弱的免疫抑制功能。因此,可以看出,整体上对正常细胞具有低细胞毒性的本发明化合物可以安全地用于药物和食品组合物中。
【表10】
化合物的癌细胞MTT测定结果
从表10中可以看出,与紫萁酮(Osmundacetone)的LD50值相比,根据添加KP 2至KP8后细胞增殖率的变化计算出的化合物的癌细胞的LD50在一些癌中显示出更强的抗癌活性。
具体而言,对于A549肺癌细胞,KP2表现出比紫萁酮(Osmundacetone)明显更好的癌细胞抑制活性,在HepG2肝细胞癌细胞中,KP2和KP7表现出明显更好的癌细胞抑制活性,而HCT116大肠癌细胞除KP8外KP2、KP3及KP7其抑制活性是紫萁酮(Osmundacetone)的两倍以上。在Caki-1肾癌细胞中除KP8以外的所有其他化合物均显示出比紫萁酮(Osmundacetone)更好的抑制活性;在T24膀胱癌细胞中,KP8的抑制活性特别有效。最后,对于HT1080纤维肉瘤癌细胞,除KP8以外,所有其他化合物的抑制活性均优于阳性对照组紫萁酮(Osmundacetone)。
因此,证实了本发明的化合物对肺癌、大肠癌、肾癌、膀胱癌和纤维肉瘤癌细胞的抑制活性远优于或相似于紫萁酮(Osmundacetone),由此可以知道本发明的化合物可以作为抗癌剂有效使用。
<实施例3>
破骨细胞增殖和分化的抑制活性
对于<实施例1>中制备的化合物,通过使用破骨细胞特异性染色方法TRAP测定法(抗酒石酸盐的酸性磷酸酶,tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase)来确认针对破骨细胞的增殖和分化抑制活性。
TRAP测定的具体方法如下。
1.骨髓细胞培养
从6至8周大的雄性C57BL/6小鼠中无菌切除胫骨(tibia)和股骨(femur),并用注射器(syringe,21G,韩国绿色十字会)无菌收集骨髓细胞。将骨髓细胞悬浮于500μl含碳酸氢钠(sodium bicarbonate,2.0g/L)、链霉素(streptomycin,100mg/L)和青霉素(penicillin,100,000单位/mL)的-MEM培养基(Gibco BRL Co.)中,并分装到48孔板中,进行一式三份(triplicate)测定。分离破骨细胞的祖细胞即单核细胞并用分化促进剂RANKL和M-CSF处理,以在5-7天内分化为破骨细胞。
2.破骨细胞分化的测定
1)样品制备:将KP2至KP8(0.5μM、1μM、5μM或10μM),福美加Fosamax(0.5μM、1μM、5μM或10μM)等分别溶解在适当浓度的二甲亚砜(dimethylsulfoxide,DMSO)或无菌蒸馏水中。以与<实施例1>相同的方式制备化合物。
2)样品施用:从骨髓细胞培养的第一天开始,以1:20(v/v;每500μL培养基25μL样品)的形式连续向培养基中施用样品,并每隔3天更换一次培养基。
3)破骨细胞分化的测定:破骨细胞被定义为被TRAP染色的TRAP阳性多核细胞。将5mg萘酚AS-MS磷酸盐(Sigma N-4875)底物与25mg速溶红紫色LB盐(Fast Red Violet LBsalt)着色剂溶于约0.5mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(N,N-dimethylformamide)中,然后将其与50mL包含50mM酒石酸(tartaric acid)的0.1N NaHCO3缓冲溶液混合,作为TRAP染色溶液。将反应试剂储存在冰箱中直至使用。
在含有分化促进因子的培养基中培养骨髓细胞6-7天,然后将培养基移出,用PBS洗涤,并在含有10%福尔马林(formalin)的PBS中固定2-5分钟。用1∶1的乙醇(ethanol)和丙酮(acetone)混合溶液固定1分钟后,干燥。将固定的细胞在37℃下用TRAP染色溶液在遮光下处理60分钟,用PBS洗涤,然后用苏木精(Hematoxylin)染色,用显微镜观察细胞的染色程度。
在显微镜视野下,TRAP-阳性细胞中,将具有两个以上核的细胞确定为破骨细胞并测量细胞数。通过与对照组相比50%抑制浓度IC50计算出该化合物的破骨细胞分化抑制作用。
如图8所示,用KP2至KP8化合物处理的组与阳性对照组相似(向培养基中添加紫萁酮(Osmundacetone)或福美加(Fosamax)的组),不仅显著抑制多核细胞即巨破骨细胞的形成,在KP2的情况下,显示出优秀的IC50值,大约是添加紫萁酮(Osmundacetone)的三倍。在KP5的情况下,IC50=1μM,表现出强大的破骨细胞抑制活性,约为最广泛使用的骨质疏松治疗剂福美加(Fosamax)的40倍(IC50=4μM)和紫萁酮(Osmundacetone)的80倍(IC50=8μM)。另外,观察到破骨细胞祖细胞的增殖也被显著抑制,因此不仅抑制破骨细胞分化,还具有很强的增殖抑制效果。
<实施例4>
成骨细胞的增殖和分化活性
使用测量成骨细胞活性的方法即碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatease,ALP)测定法,确认KP4至6对成骨细胞的增殖和分化活性。
碱性磷酸酶(ALP)存在于成骨细胞的细胞膜中,被称为成骨细胞活性的标志物,并且是钙化过程中无机磷酸盐转运、细胞分裂或分化的调节剂。因此,测量ALP活性以确定本发明化合物对成骨细胞活性的影响。通过使用酶标仪在405nm波长下测量在磷酸对硝基苯酯(p-nitrophenyl phosphate,pNPP,Sigma,St。Louis,MO,美国)的水解反应中ALP作为催化剂所产生的对硝基苯酚(p-nitrophenol)的量来间接计算出ALP活性。
具体而言,在96孔板中,将成骨细胞(小鼠MC3T3-E1)以3×103细胞/100μL/孔的浓度分配到含有成骨细胞分化因子抗坏血酸(ascorbic acid)(50μg/mL)和10mMβ-甘油磷酸盐(β-glycerophosphate)的α-MEM培养基中。然后,以10μM和50μM的终浓度施用本发明的KP4至KP6、紫萁酮(osmundacetone),然后每72小时更换培养基培养14天。14天后,从每个孔中移出培养基,用PBS洗涤3次,用0.2%Nonidet P-40/10mmol/L MgCl2裂解,然后使用超声细胞破碎机(sonifier cell disrupter)(型号W-380,Heat Systems-Ultrasonics,Inc.,Farmingdale,NY)在4℃裂解3分钟。将细胞裂解物以1500g离心10分钟,并收集上清液以测量ALP活性。为了考虑根据细胞数量差异而产生的ALP活性变化,使用二辛可宁酸蛋白测定试剂盒(bicinchoninic acid(BCA)protein assay kit)以牛血清白蛋白(bovine serumalbumin)为标准蛋白测量了总蛋白水平,酶活性以对不含该化合物的对照组的百分比表示。
如表11所示,KP4和KP5在10μM和50μM浓度下的ALP活性高于未添加化合物的对照组,尤其是KP4(E)-4-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮((E)-4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one)当以50μM的浓度添加时,与对照组相比,ALP活性提高了400%以上,并且证实了成骨细胞活性与紫萁酮(osmundacetone)相比提高了1.5倍。这与现有临床实践中用于治疗骨质疏松症的成骨细胞活化剂类似,这是一个非常好的结果。另一方面,KP6在抑制破骨细胞分化方面非常有效(IC50=6μM),但没有激活成骨细胞的活性。
【表11】
ALP活性测定
【产业利用可能性】
由于本发明的新型化合物除了对癌细胞具有特定的细胞毒性外,还对引起骨损失的破骨细胞表现出强的增殖和分化抑制活性,因此,可以用于开发安全有效的抗癌剂和骨质疏松症等骨病的预防及治疗制剂或改善用食品。
Claims (2)
1.一种化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为制备预防或治疗骨病药物的应用,所述化合物选自:
(E)-4-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮;
(E)-4-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮;
(E)-4-(3-氟-4-羟基苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述骨病是选自由骨质疏松症、佩吉特氏病、佝偻病、骨软化症、肾衰竭患者的肾性骨营养不良、关节痛、骨折、类风湿性骨病、退行性骨病、骨转移癌、原发性骨肿瘤、牙周病、炎性牙槽骨吸收疾病和炎性骨吸收疾病中的一种或多种。
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